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Transcript of Joe Fazio BE REU @ SLU Dr. Shelley D. Minteer Kyle Sjöholm SLU Department of Chemistry Enzymatic...
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Joe Fazio BE REU @ SLU
Dr. Shelley D. Minteer Kyle Sjöholm
SLU Department of Chemistry
Enzymatic Glucose Biofuel Cell:Concentration Studiesand Biocompatibility
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Background
Enzymatic Biofuel cell: Enzymes Power biomedical
devices High power and current
density Incomplete oxidation
www.nano-biokit.com
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Biofuel Cell Process
Reaction at anode produces protons
Electrons create current Protons diffuse to cathode Protons at cathode react
with oxygen
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Mediated Electron Transfer (MET) Commonly used to
reduce overpotential
Facilitates ion transfer to electrode
NAD+
NADH
Gluconolactone
Glucose Dehydrogenase Entrapped in
Polymer
Glucose
060 Toray Paper
Electrode
Electrocatalyst
2e-
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Modified Polymers Immobilize enzymes Extend functional lifetime
Microencapsulation: Support enzyme structure
Neutral pH Micellar environment Geometry Ion exchange
properties
Polymer encapsulation
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Project Goals
Power Densities Hypoglycemic (3mM) Normal (5mM) Hyperglycemic (8mM)
Biocompatibility Bulk electrolysis Live/dead assay
• Biofilm formation
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Basic Components
Anode: 060 Toray Paper electrodes Fuel: Glucose Enzyme: Glucose Dehydrogenase Cofactor: NAD+
Electrocatalyst: Poly(methylene green) (PMG) Modified polymer:
Nafion® Chitosan
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Polymer modification Nafion®: Tetrabutylammonium bromide (TBAB) Chitosan
Hydrophobic Deacylation
Co-cast polymer and enzyme onto electrode
Soak electrodes in solution of glucose overnight
Electrode Preparation
Chitosanhttp://www.global-b2b-network.com/
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Experimental Set-up
3, 5, 8mM glucose fuel NAD+, pH 7.4 phosphate buffer
Open circuit potential (~1000secs)
Linear sweep voltammetry (<1mV/sec)
Power density equation P=I*V
Diagram of Icell
+
-
V
Glass tube
Glass tube
Bioanode
Nafion PEM
4.5cm2 20% Pt GDE Cathode
Fuel Solution
Air
O-ring
O-ring
Potentiostat+
-
V
Glass tube
Glass tube
Bioanode
Nafion PEM
4.5cm2 20% Pt GDE Cathode
Fuel Solution
Air
O-ring
O-ring
Potentiostat
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8mM Averages
Current Density, Amps/cm2
0 1e-5 2e-5 3e-5 4e-5 5e-5
Po
we
r D
en
sity
, Wa
tts/c
m2
0
2e-6
4e-6
6e-6
8e-6
3mM Averages
Current Density, Amps/cm2
0 1e-5 2e-5 3e-5 4e-5
Pow
er D
ensi
ty, W
atts
/cm
2
0
1e-6
2e-6
3e-6
4e-6
5e-6
6e-6
7e-6
Power Density Test Results
Average Maximum Power Density* µW/cm2
3mM 5mM 8mM
Chitosan 2.87(±0.21) 2.82(±0.52) 3.32(±0.46)
Deacylated chitosan 6.04(±3.23) 6.15(±3.51) 7.52(±4.31)
Nafion® 0.28(±0.02) 0.29(±0.02) 0.33(±0.04)
5mM Averages
Current Density, Amps/cm2
0 1e-5 2e-5 3e-5 4e-5 5e-5
Pow
er D
ensi
ty, W
atts
/cm
2
0
1e-6
2e-6
3e-6
4e-6
5e-6
6e-6
7e-6
*errors are equal to one standard deviation
Deacylated ChitosanChitosanNafion
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Biocompatibility, Bulk ElectrolysisTesting Bacteria culture
injected Hold fuel cell at 0.3V
and monitor current (3 days)
Time, seconds
0.0 5.0e+4 1.0e+5 1.5e+5 2.0e+5 2.5e+5
Cu
rre
nt,
Am
ps
0
1e-6
2e-6
3e-6
4e-6
5e-6
6e-6
Decreasing current Possible biofilm
formation
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Biocompatibility, Live/dead AssayLive/Dead assay Cast polymer with bacteria
Gluconobacter SP33 Origami C4-AW genetically modified E. Coli
Fluorescent nucleic acid stains FITC filter- live bacteria TRITC filter- dead bacteria
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Live/Dead Assay
Nafion® GluconobacterNafion® E. coli
Chitosan E. coli Deacylated chitosan Gluconobacter
Assay showed biocompatibility for all polymers.FITC filter
Olympus IX71 fluorescence microscope
TRITC filter image
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Conclusions
Chitosan and Nafion® can immobilize GDH Chitosan provides higher power and current
densities Chitosan and Nafion® provide biocompatible
surface material
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Future work
Temperature and pH studies Biocompatible modifications
Impact on current densities
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Acknowledgements
National Science Foundation
Saint Louis University
Dr. Minteer
Minteer group Kyle Sjöholm Dr. Waheed
Rob Arechederra
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Dehydrogenase Enzymes.” Electrochimica Acta 50 (2005): 2521-2525.2) Arechederra, Robert, Shelley D. Minteer. “Organelle-based Biofuel Cells: Immobilized Mitochondria on Carbon Paper Electrodes.” Electrochimica Acta 53 (2008):
6698-6703.3) Atanassov, Plamen, et al. “Enzymatic Biofuel Cells. The Electrochemical Society Interface (2007).4) Beilke, Michael C., et al. “Enzymatic Biofuel Cells.” Micro Fuel Cells Principles and applications. T.S. Zhao. Publisher location: Elsevier, 2009. 179-242. print.5) Blackwell, Anne E, et al. “Comparison of Electropolymerized Thiazine Dyes as an Electrocatalyst in Enzymatic Biofuel Cells and Self Powered Sensors.”
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