JLPT N3 文法と文型例文

nihongo-pro.com

Grammar and Model Sentences

SAMPLE

Copyright 2014 Horizon Web Services LLC (d.b.a. Nihongo-Pro) All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form or by any electronic or mechanical means, except for one printed copy for the purchaser’s personal use, without written permission from Nihongo-Pro (support@nihongo-pro.com). The characters and events portrayed in this book are fictitious. Any similarity to real persons, living or dead, is purely coincidental and not intended by the author. Rev N3-1402-01 February 2014

SAMPLE

JLPT N4 文法と文型例文 Grammar and Model Sentences – Nihongo-Pro.com i

Welcome to Nihongo-Pro This textbook lists the 128 grammar patterns covered in Nihongo-Pro’s online JLPT

N3 Preparation class. These grammar patterns are used in everyday Japanese, so a firm understanding of their use is essential not only for success on the Japanese Language Proficiency Test (JLPT), but also success in communicating in Japanese.

Japanese grammar presents challenges for any student of the language. The meaning of a grammar form may not have an exact match in one’s own language, so it can take extra work to learn and understand the exact meaning and the situations in which the grammar form can be used.

However, for most students, the hardest part about Japanese grammar isn’t in learning the meaning of the grammar pattern itself—it’s in remembering the connective tissue, i.e., how the grammar pattern connects with the rest of the sentence: Can I use a noun here? Do I need to put a の afterward? If I use a な-adjective here, what comes after it?

Practicing the correct use of the grammar pattern, including all the various connectives, is a focus of Nihongo-Pro’s JLPT N3 Preparation class. We encourage you to takes notes in this book (print a copy if needed) during your lessons and whenever you study Japanese grammar.

This book was made possible by the combined efforts of many individuals. All of the examples in this book were prepared by Nihongo-Pro teachers, who worked untold hours to produce the JLPT N3 curriculum and to write, check, and recheck the hundreds of model sentences. I wish to thank Nami Hayashi, Satoru Ishikawa, Yukiko Ishikawa, Fusayo Nagatomi, Yasuyo Sei, and Hiroko Yamafuji, who wrote dozens of the model sentences. Chigusa Shimzu wrote dozens more, and, along with Yutaka Aso, reviewed the JLPT N3 curriculum in its entirety and added furigana to the model sentences.

Finally, I wish to thank Michiko Lilly, who tirelessly dedicated her time throughout the process, from producing all of our JLPT curricula and writing hundreds of model sentences to orchestrating the efforts of the other contributors. I am deeply indebted to Michiko for her hard work.

I gratefully acknowledge the diligent support of all of these individuals in producing this book and in making Nihongo-Pro’s JLPT classes a reality. I hope you benefit from this book and our JLPT classes as much as we enjoy bringing them to you.

Steve Cooper

February 2014

SAMPLE

JLPT N3 文法と文型例文 Grammar and Model Sentences – Nihongo-Pro.com 1

ところだ 文型ぶ ん け い

Pattern 1

言い換か

え Other Ways to Say

―

英訳えいやく

Meaning in English

about to do ... (～するところだ), just now doing ... (～しているところだ), just finished doing ... (～したところだ）

接続せつぞく

Connectives

V る/ている/た＋ところだ

例文れいぶん

Model Sentences

1 今、映画が始まるところです。

2 映画が終わって、これから帰るところです。

3 （友達から電話がきて話している）ちょうど今ご飯を食べているところです。

4 父はたった今、出かけたところだ。

5 ちょうど今、日本語のドラマをダウンロードしているところです。

ノート Notes

SAMPLE

JLPT N3 文法と文型例文 Grammar and Model Sentences – Nihongo-Pro.com 130

Index (Pattern Number Order) ところだ ....................................................... 1 において ..................................................... 2 際（に） ........................................................ 3 最中（に） ..................................................... 4 うちに＜時間幅＞ ........................................ 5 うちに＜事前＞ ........................................... 6 たとたん（に） ............................................... 7 てからでないと............................................. 8 てからは ..................................................... 9 てはじめて ................................................ 10 とともに＜いっしょに＞ ............................... 11 くらい・ほど＜程度＞ .................................. 12 くらい～はない・ほど～はない ..................... 13 に比べて ................................................... 14 に限る ....................................................... 15 代わりに＜代償＞ ..................................... 16 代わりに＜代理＞ ..................................... 17 に代わって ................................................ 18 というより .................................................. 19 に対して＜対比＞ ...................................... 20 に反して .................................................... 21 半面・反面 ................................................. 22 から＜原因＞ ............................................ 23 によって＜原因・理由＞ ............................. 24 からには ................................................... 25 おかげで ................................................... 26 せいで ...................................................... 27 ことになっている ........................................ 28 られる＜性能評価＞ .................................. 29 ようがない ................................................. 30 わけにはいかない ..................................... 31 ように＜期待＞ ......................................... 32 といっても .................................................. 33 と＜継起＞ ................................................ 34 と～た・たら～た＜きっかけ＞ ..................... 35 と～た・たら～た＜偶然＞ .......................... 36 たら～だろう（に）・ば/なら～だろう（に） ........ 37

たら～（のに）・と～（のに）・ば～（のに） ＜反

実仮想＞ ................................................... 38 としたら・とすると・とすれば ......................... 39 さえ～ば .................................................... 40 たとえ～ても .............................................. 41 としても ..................................................... 42 かける ....................................................... 43 きる ........................................................... 44 だらけ ....................................................... 45 ようにして .................................................. 46 かと思うほど .............................................. 47 がち .......................................................... 48 てほしい .................................................... 49 つもりだ＜意図と実際の不一致＞ ............... 50 ようとしない ............................................... 51 べきだ ....................................................... 52 こと ........................................................... 53 させてくれませんか・させてもらえませんか .. 54 ことはない ................................................. 55 おそれがある ............................................. 56 とみえて .................................................... 57 にちがいない ............................................. 58 はずだ＜当然＞ ........................................ 59 しろ＜命令＞と（言う） ................................. 60 な＜禁止＞と（言う） ................................... 61 って＜伝聞＞ ............................................. 62 ということだ・とのことだ＜伝聞＞................. 63 という＜内容説明＞ ................................... 64 られる＜自発＞ ......................................... 65 させる＜他動詞化の使役＞ ........................ 66 お～だ ....................................................... 67 に対して＜対象＞ ...................................... 68 について ................................................... 69 向きに ....................................................... 70 向けに ...................................................... 71 って＜主題＞ ............................................. 72 というのは ................................................. 73

SAMPLE

JLPT N3 文法と文型例文 Grammar and Model Sentences – Nihongo-Pro.com 132

Index (五十音ご じ ゅ う お ん

順じゅん

Japanese Order) いっぽうだ ................................................ 91 うえ（に） ................................................... 84 うちに ＜時間幅＞ ....................................... 5 うちに ＜事前＞........................................... 6 おかげで .................................................. 26 おそれがある ........................................... 56 お～だ ..................................................... 67 かける ...................................................... 43 がち ......................................................... 48 かとおもうほど .......................................... 47 から ＜原因＞ ........................................... 23 から～にかけて ........................................ 80 からには .................................................. 25 かわりに ＜代償＞ .................................... 16 かわりに ＜代理＞ .................................... 17 きる ......................................................... 44 くらい ＜程度＞ ......................................... 12 くらい ＜軽視＞ ....................................... 107 くらい～はない .......................................... 13 こそ ....................................................... 108 こと .......................................................... 53 ことになっている ....................................... 28 ことになる ＜結局＞ ................................ 114 ことは～が ............................................. 119 ことはない ................................................ 55 さいちゅう（に） ............................................ 4 さい（に） ..................................................... 3 さえ ........................................................ 109 さえ～ば ................................................... 40 させてくれませんか ................................... 54 させてもらえませんか ................................ 54 させる ＜他動詞化の使役＞ ...................... 66 しかない ................................................. 122 しろ＜命令＞と（言う） ............................... 60 せいで ..................................................... 27 だけ ......................................................... 79

だけでなく ................................................. 83 ただ～だけでなく ....................................... 83 たとえ～ても ............................................. 41 たところ .................................................. 112 たとたん（に） .............................................. 7 たび（に） ................................................ 102 だらけ ...................................................... 45 たら～た ＜きっかけ＞ ............................... 35 たら～た ＜偶然＞ ..................................... 36 たら～だろう（に） ....................................... 37 たら～（のに） ＜反実仮想＞ ....................... 38 だろう ＜気持ちの強調＞ ......................... 128 ついでに .................................................. 87 っけ ........................................................ 113 って ＜伝聞＞ ............................................ 62 って ＜主題＞ ............................................ 72 つもりだ ＜意図と実際の不一致＞ .............. 50 てからでないと ............................................ 8 てからは ..................................................... 9 てしかたがない ....................................... 125 てたまらない ........................................... 126 てはじめて ................................................ 10 てほしい ................................................... 49 と ＜継起＞ ............................................... 34 という ＜内容説明＞ .................................. 64 ということだ ＜伝聞＞ ................................ 63 ということだ ＜結論＞ .............................. 115 というのは ................................................ 73 というより ................................................. 19 といっても ................................................. 33 とおり（に） ................................................ 95 とか～とか .............................................. 105 ところだ ...................................................... 1 としたら .................................................... 39 として ....................................................... 92 としても .................................................... 42

SAMPLE