Jacquelynn Garofano CRISP CENTER FOR RESEARCH ON INTERFACE STRUCTURES & PHENOMENA NSF Materials...

Jacquelynn Garofano • CRISPwww.crisp.yale.edu

CENTER FOR RESEARCH ON INTERFACE STRUCTURES & PHENOMENANSF Materials Research Science and Engineering Center

April 01, 2011 • Three Rivers Community College

materials sciencethe hybrid science

chem • physics • bio • nano

wings, feathers, bubbles, thin films … what do these things have in common?

http://www.eng.yale.edu/nanomechanics/

Materials Science

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structure • properties • characterizationprocessing • performance

Jr Laser Camp• Three Rivers Community College • April 01, 2011

MAKING STUFF SeriesEach episode focuses on a current, overarching

aspect of materials science research

www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/tech/making-stuff.html

Jan 19 Jan 26 Feb 02 Feb 09

STRONGER SMALLER CLEANER SMARTER

3Jr Laser Camp• Three Rivers Community College • April 01, 2011

Let’s get some perspective

The scale of things …


Macroscale [100 to 10-3 m]

Meter [1 m = 100 m]

Centimeter [1 cm = 10-2 m] Millimeter [1 mm = 10-3 m]


Microscale [1 μm = 10-6 m]

1 μm = one-millionth of a meter

Human hair 50 – 80 μm Red blood cells < 8 μm


Nanoscale [1 nm = 10-9 m]

1 nm = one-billionth of a meter

Virus < 50 nm DNA = 2.5 nm thick


Angstrom [1 Å = 10-10 m]

Atom = 0.1 – 0.3 nm

1 Å = 0.1 nm = one ten-billionth of a meter

AFM image: 48 iron (Fe) atoms in a circle onto the surface of gold (Au)


Nanoscale Properties

What’s unique about material properties the nanoscale?

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The structure at nanoscale gives rise to properties, i.e. macroscale behavior


Iridescence

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The wings are made up of tiny scales that are comprised of even smaller ridges that causes interference of light.

Although the shell is only a few mm thick, it’s made of ~15,000+ layers of nm thin plates of mineral.

Abalone shellBlue morpho


Pigment v Nanostructure


Peacock feathers

Is the color due to pigment or structure?


How can we tell?

Thin films

• The nanostructures of iridescent feathers, shells, and wings are within the UV size range (400 – 700 nm); as are thin films.


Soap bubbles


Iridescent colors are observed due to interference of light rays; thickness

Optical interference

CONSTRUCTIVE interference DESTRUCTIVE interference


Thin film interference is CONSTRUCTIVE

Bulk to thin film

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thin films deposited on flexible (polymer) sheets is advantageous for artichitural design


Take Aways

• The way a material behaves on the macroscale is affected by its structure on the nanoscale

• The thin film reflects light differently depending on how thick it is, so you see different colors

• Scientists and engineers are trying to make new materials/devices with new technologies


Jacquelynn Garofano CRISP CENTER FOR RESEARCH ON INTERFACE STRUCTURES & PHENOMENA NSF Materials...

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