46

?

2

2

2

3

3

?

, , , ,

1. .2. .

3. .

1. . .

. .

2. . .

. .

1. . : + . : 15V

. : 20. : 20 [()-()--()--()-] .

2.

[] A: , B: , C: , D:,

. : B, D : 816 , ( ) : A, C : ,

. : A, B : 1024 C, D : 1024 D : 6 .

: A, C : B, D :

. () : .

: A, C : B, D :

. () :

: .. : .

: A, B : , C, D :

. : . : .

. : A, C : , B, D :

: A, C : , B, D : 10

3. . 5V : . 10V : ----

. 15V : ----- . 20V : ----- . 25V : ----

. 30V : --

4.

. (70 - 100 ) 1 .. (pH 5.0 - 4.3) 24 .. .

, , .

. 1

1. 1

2. 1

. 1

1. 2

2. 2

3. (+) 4

4. 5

5. 6

. 7

1. 7

2. 8

3. 8

4. 10

. 11

1. 11

2. 15

3. 24

. 26

1. 26

2. 27

3. 29

4. 29

. 29

1. 30

2. 30

31

- 1 -

.

1.

, ,

,

.

.

, .

.

2.

. .

(1)

.

(2) (porous)

.

(3) .

(4) .

. .

(1) .

(2) Al .

(3) .

(4) .

.

. .

.

- 2 -

1.

.

. ( : porous) 1mm2

1000 10 .

Al

.

.

.

2.

, Athene

. .

.

1997

, ,

.

J.of Korean Ind.

&Eng. Chemistry

Vol 8. No 5.

1998

,

.

J.of Korean Ind.

&Eng. Chemistry

Vol. 9, No 7.

1999

.

J.of Korean Ind.

&Eng. Chemistry

Vol. 10, No. 2

1999

,

.

H W A H A K

KONGHAK Vol.

36, No. 5

1998

.

J. of Korean Ind

&Eng. Chemistry

Vol. 9, No. 7

- 3 -

.

Tsangaraki

1994

The Effect of Some Additives on

the Throwing Power and Stability

of Tin() Solutions During AC

Coloring of Anodized Aluminum.

Part: Heterocyclic Organic

Compounds

Part:Sulfonic Acids, Amino

Acids, Antioxidants

heterocyclic

, ,

heterocyclic

thhrowing power

J.of

plating

&

Surfice

Finishin

g

Tsangaraki

1996

N-Heterocyclic Organic

Compounds as Additives In the

AC Coloring of Anodized

Aluminum From Nickel Sulfate

Solutions.

Part: Effect on Color Intensity

and Uniformity of the

Probes

Part: Mechanism of Their

Action

n-heterocyclic

n-heterocyclic

J.of

plating

&

Surfice

Finishin

g

.

Yamamuro

1997

Interference Coloring of

Dual-Anodized Films on

Aluminum containing

Electrolytically Deposited Thin

Metal Layers

()

.

J.of

plating

&

Surfice

Finishing

.

2000

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

- 4 -

3. (+)

(1)

(alumina)

.

,

.

.

(2)

,

(porous)

. Ni

Sn

.

3 4 TOPCON SM720 SEM

30 . 200

. 42.6/cm2

- 5 -

4.

(1)

Al .

(+) : 2Al 2Al3+ + 6e-

(-) : 3H2O + 6e- 3H2() + 3O

2-

(-) O2- (+) Al3+ Al2O3

. H+ Al2O3 (porous)

.

(2)

porous porous ,

porous .

porous porous

.

(3)

.

(porous) . (porous)

.

(4)

1) (Q=It)

.

.

, .

- 6 -

2)

(porous) , .

.

.

3)

Faraday Al2O3

, (porous)

Al2O3

.

.

5.

. ,

. .

(1)

1960

Ni bronze

.

(2)

1)

(porous)

.

2)

.

3) ,

.

4)

- 7 -

.

.

.

.

.

1.

1.

Al 10500.25,

15V, 20,

20, Ni

(1)

(2)

(3)

2.

Al 10500.25,

20, ,

20, Ni

(1) 5V (2) 10V

(3) 15V (4) 20V

(5) 25V (6) 30V

3.

Al 10500.25,

15V, ,

20, Ni

(1) 5 (2) 10 (3) 15

(4) 20 (5) 25 (6) 30

(7) 40 (8) 50 (9) 60

(10) 90 (11) 120 (12)180

4.

Al 10500.25,

15V, ,

20, Ni

(1) 0

(2) 10

(3) 20

5.

Al 1050,

15V, 20,

20, ,

(1) (2)

(3) (4) ()

(5) () (6)

(7)

6.

Al 1050,

15V, 20,

20, ,

(1) ( 0.25)

(2) ( 1.0)

7.

Al 1050,

15V, 20,

20, ,

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

8.

Al 1050,

15V, 20,

20,

(1) 5V (2) 10V

(3) 15V (4) 20V

(5) 25V (6) 30V

- 8 -

2.

(99.8 %), (10 50 )

.

Al

DC 1.6 A, 0.2 A/cm2, 5 , 70

Al .

(+) Al

Al

.

DC 15V, 20 , 20 ()

Al .

AC 15 V, 232(2 ) ()

3.

(1)

1)

(50), power supply, hot plate, , , , ,

, , pH , .

2)

, , , , , , ,

, , (), (), , , ,

.

- 9 -

(2)

3 .

300 mL + 80 mL + 75 mL

+ 15 mL

500 mL

:

.

.

:

(or ) 15g + 0.5g + = 500 mL

500 mL

500mL ( 17g) + 22g

+ 8 g + = 500mL (Ni )

500 mL

- 10 -

4.

(1)

Al

(+) Al, (-)

70

0.20A/cm2 5

.

(2)

(+) Al,

(-) Al

15 V

Al 20

.( )

(3)

(-)

Al

15V

.

.

- 11 -

.

,

.

Al .

.

1.

(1)

. (porous)

.

.

Al Al

15V 1050 thin(0.25) 20 2 Ni 20

, ,

.

(,

.)

0 4 0 4 0 2

4 18 4 8 2 14

18 24

8 18 14 22 24 28

18 22 22 32 28 32

22 32

- 12 -

(2)

(porous) .

.

Al Al

1050 thin(0.25) 20 2 Ni 20

5V 30V 5V

5V 10V 15V

0 8 0 2 0 4

8 14 2 12 4 18 /

14 24 12 22 18 22

24 28 22 24 22 26

28 32 24 30 26 32

30 32

20V 25V 30V

022

22 32 6 20 .

- 13 -

(3)

. Faraday

.

.

Al Al

15V 1050 thin(0.25) 2 Ni 20

5180 12

()

0 2 4 6 8 1 0 1 2 1 4 1 6 1 8 1 9 2 0 2 2 2 4 2 6 2 8 3 0 3 2

5

-------------------------

-----------

10

------

--------

--------------

---

15

----------

-----------

-------------------

20

----------

25

----------------

---------------------------------

30 25

- 14 -

()

0 2 4 6 8 1 0 1 2 1 4 1 6 1 8 1 9 2 0 2 2 2 4 2 6 2 8 3 0 3 2

40

---------

------------

----------------------------

50

-----

--

-------

------------

-----------------

60

----------

-----------------

------------------

--

---

90

------

----------

---------------

----------

----

120

------

---- -----

-------------

--------------

180-- --

---------- --------------

(4)

.

10 0 20

.

Al Al

1050 thin(0.25) 20 2 Ni 15V

0 20 10

- 15 -

0 10 20

0 2

0 4 4 12 2 6 12 24

6 26 24 28 26 32 28 32

(5)

.

Al 0.25mm .

15V .

20 .

20

Al Al

15V 1050 0.25 20 20

. ,

.

2.

(1)

, 4 .

.

.

H3BO3H2BO3H

+

H+OH-H2O pH

(NH2-)

- 16 -

A :

B :

C :

D :

4 , , ,

, , , 7 2(thin, thick)

, .

1) (0.25)

()

0 2 4 6 8 1 0 1 2 1 4 1 6 1 8 1 9 2 0 2 2 2 4 2 6 2 8 3 0 3 2

A--------------

--------------------------------------------

B

----------------------

------------ ------

------

C

--------------

----------------- --

-------

D

--------------------

---------------

------

- 17 -

()

0 2 4 6 8 1 0 1 2 1 4 1 6 1 8 1 9 2 0 2 2 2 4 2 6 2 8 3 0 3 2

A

---

-------------------------------------------

B

- ---

------------------------------- --

-----

C

----

---------------------

------------

D---

----------------------------------------

()

0 2 4 6 8 1 0 1 2 1 4 1 6 1 8 1 9 2 0 2 2 2 4 2 6 2 8 3 0 3 2

A

---------- -------

---------------------------------

B

---------------------

- - - - - - - - - - - - ---------

C------------

-----------------------------------

D--------

---------------------------------------------

()

- 18 -

()

0 2 4 6 8 1 0 1 2 1 4 1 6 1 8 1 9 2 0 2 2 2 4 2 6 2 8 3 0 3 2

A

-- -

- ------------------

-- ---

B

-----------

--------------------------------

C

---------------------

---------------------------

D

-----------------------

----------------

-

()

0 2 4 6 8 1 0 1 2 1 4 1 6 1 8 1 9 2 0 2 2 2 4 2 6 2 8 3 0 3 2

A

------

-----------------------

--------- -------

B

----------------------

---------------------

--

C

---------------------

----------------------

D

----

-----------

---- --------------

- 19 -

()

0 2 4 6 8 1 0 1 2 1 4 1 6 1 8 1 9 2 0 2 2 2 4 2 6 2 8 3 0 3 2

A

B------------ ------------

---------- -----------

C

D

---- ---------

----------------------

-- --

2) (1)

()

0 2 4 6 8 1 0 1 2 1 4 1 6 1 8 1 9 2 0 2 2 2 4 2 6 2 8 3 0 3 2

A

---------------------------------

-----------

----

B

----------------------

------------ ------

------

C

-----

------------------------------------------

D

----------------

----------------- -

-- --

- 20 -

()

0 2 4 6 8 1 0 1 2 1 4 1 6 1 8 1 9 2 0 2 2 2 4 2 6 2 8 3 0 3 2

A ---

---

B

- ---

---------------------------------------------

C

-- ------------------

---------------------------------------------

--------------

D

--------------------------------------------------

()

0 2 4 6 8 1 0 1 2 1 4 1 6 1 8 1 9 2 0 2 2 2 4 2 6 2 8 3 0 3 2

A

-----------

-------------

-----------------------------

B- -

C

-

- --------- ----------

---- -----

D ------------->----------------->

, .

- 21 -

()

0 2 4 6 8 1 0 1 2 1 4 1 6 1 8 1 9 2 0 2 2 2 4 2 6 2 8 3 0 3 2

A

--- ---------------------

-------------- - - - - - - - -

--------

B A

C---

---------------------------------------------

D

-----------

-------------------------------------

--------------------

()

0 2 4 6 8 1 0 1 2 1 4 1 6 1 8 1 9 2 0 2 2 2 4 2 6 2 8 3 0 3 2

A

--

--

---------------------------------------

-----------------------------------

B A

C

--

---

----------------------

---- --

--------

D

-

---

-------

--------------

----------------------

- 22 -

()

0 2 4 6 8 1 0 1 2 1 4 1 6 1 8 1 9 2 0 2 2 2 4 2 6 2 8 3 0 3 2

A

B-------------

-------------------- -------------------

C

D-------------

-------------------- --------------------

(2)

1) ( )

: , : Ni

1 40 1

()

1 6 /

6 7 /

7 15

15 22 /

22 30

30 35 /

- 23 -

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35

/

()

----------

- / -

---- ----

------

2)

: , :

1 30 12

()

0 1

2 3 /

4 6

7 8 /

9 18

20 26

28 30 /

3) ()

: , : ()

1 30 12

- 24 -

()

0 3

3 6

6 10 /

11 14 /

16 22 /

24 28 /

(3)

5V 10V 15V

0 2 0 2

2 15 2 6

15 30 6 18

30 32 18 24

24 32

20V 25V 30V

0 2 0 2 0 1

2 6 2 8 1 6

6 14 8 16 6 18

14 20 16 24 18 24

20 28 24 32 24 28

28 32 / 32 / 29 32 /

3.

(1)

70-100 .

- 25 -

(2)

pH 4.0 - 6.0 () 24

.

(3)

7 .

(4)

.

.

.

- 26 -

.

1.

(1)

.

2 porous

.

(2)

.

20V

20V .

(3)

. 60, 90, 120

.

60 . 180

. 20

- 27 -

.

(4)

0, 10, 20 0 10

. 20 30

20 30

.

2.

(1)

.

A, B, C, D 4

A : C :

B : D :

B, D A, C

.

: ( B, D) 8 16

.

: A, C

.

: D

, 10 24 A, B

C

. D 6 .

: 6 . A, C

B, D

.

- 28 -

: A C 16 26

.

: A, C B,

D .

: .

:

.

: C

D .

: 18 A B

C, D

. B, D

.

: . A,

C .

: A, B C, D

.

( )

: A, C B, D

.

: A, C B, D 10

.

(2)

, , 36

.

- 29 -

.

(06)

, 920

. .

()

,

(03),

.

.

(3) (Ni )

5V , 10V []-[]-[]

, 15V []-[]-[]-[] . 20V

15V , 25V ,

. 30V [

]-[] .

3.

(70 -100), pH 4.0 - 5.0 ,

. ,

.

4.

. ,

.

.

.

.

- 30 -

1.

. [ 15V, 20

, 20, ] .

. 60

60 .

.

.

.

.

. Al

.

. .

,

. , (5V)

.

. .

. ()

.

2.

. ()

.

.

.

- 31 -

(1997)

J of Korean Ind & Eng. Chemistry Vol.8 No. 5, Oct. 1997, 756-762

(1999) ,

J of Korean Ind & Eng. Chemistry Vol.10, No.2 7, Apr. 1999,

212-217

(1999)

HWAHAK KONGHAK Vol. 36 No. 5, Oct. 1998, pp653-660

(1998) ,

J of Korean Ind & Eng. Chemistry Vol.9, No.7, Dec. 1998, 1047-1052

(1998) .

J of Korean Ind & Eng. Chemistry Vol.9 No. 7, Dec. 1998, 1030-1035

Oxtoby (1990) ,

Tsangaraki-KaplanoglouI.,Karagianni B.(1996):

N-Heterocyclic Organic Compounds as Additives In the AC Coloring

of Anodized Aluminum From Nickel Sulfate Solutions. Part :

Effect on Color Intensity and Uniformity of the Probes; Part :

Mechanism of Their Action

Tsangaraki-Kaplanoglou I., Moshohoritou R., Kotsira C.(1994) :

The Effect of Some Additives on the Throwing Power and Stability

of Tin() Solutions During AC Coloring of Anodized Aluminum.

Part : Heterocyclic Organic Compounds; Part : Sulfonic Acids,

Amino Acids, Antioxidants

Tsangaraki-Kaplanoglou I., Theohari C. (1997) :

Improvement of DC Coloring of Anodized Aluminum With Use of

Certain Diphenylmethane Derivatives

Yamamuro M., Kawai S.(1997) :

Interference Coloring of Dual-Anodized Films on Aluminum

Containing Electrolytically Deposited thin Metal Layers

(1986) ,

(1998)

,

(1990) ,