izquierdo - 1981 - el delito y su castigo en la sociedad maya

8/3/2019 izquierdo - 1981 - el delito y su castigo en la sociedad maya

1/12

GJ o9WTK s \W LM\TN0K GB JM \KLCGDMD OMSMMbm Jwc|m CY]ww9XDk s DG JM LJ0GUM

Z /jm jwy dg jm nc|tkxcm* g| dglcx dg|dg jm qgx|qgltcum dg jm cbug|tcfmlcbs gj mb0"Nnc| ngxogbltclk dgj dgugbcx s dg jm| lxgmlckbg| dgj qwghjkomsm ngok| goqxgbdcdk wb cbtgbtk dg mlgxlmocgbtk m wb m|qgbk dg|w lwjtwxm* nm|tm mnkxm xgjgfmdk qkx jk| g|twdck|k|" G|tm em|g qklk lkbklcdm g| gj dgxglnk" Cbljw|k qkx bk nmhgx |cdk lkb|cdgxmdm jm omfbctwd dg |w gukjwlcb* nm |cdk lmjceclmdk lko*# (qxcoctcuk(* k |gm* tmbr t - b l c j j k lkok gj dg m}wgjjk| qwghjk| lmymdkxg| s xglkjgltkxg|* dk/bdg gbtxg jm hmbdm |g w|mb ekxom| |coqjg| dg xgfwjmx jm lkbdwltm |klcmj* |cbxkbtmx lkb _m g~c|tgblcm dg ewblckbmxck|* iwglg| .# txchwbmjg|"

Gb g|tg txmhmik" ngok| qmxtcdk dg jm qxgoc|m dg }wg jk| omsm| tgbmbwb dgxglnk |5=cdmogbtg g|txwltwxmdk lkok lkxxg|qkbdg m wb qwghjklcucjcymdk* qwg| mwb}wg ewbdmogbtmjogbtg mfxlkjm| ewgxkb lmqmlg| dgqxkdwlcx jk |weclcgbtg qmxm kxcfcbmx _m dcugx|ceclmlib dg jm| mltcucdmdg|qgxoctcgbdk jm g~c|tgblcm wg mxtg|mbk|* lkogxlcmbtg| s fkhgxbmbtg|" \wkxfmbcymlcb |klcmj g|tmhm lkb|tctwcdm qkx fxwqk| qgxegltmogbjL dcegxgblcmdk| .&b ewblc5b dg qkdgx* qxg|tcfck s xc}wgym0 cbtgfxmdk| gb wbmg|txwltwxm qkjclm dg lmbltlx g|tmtmj" Qxmltclmhmb wbm lkoqjgim xgjcfcb*gxmb g~lgjgbtg| m|txbkok| s dg000mxxkjjm"xkb wb lkoqjclmdk |c|tgom dgg|lxctwxm mb bk dg|lcexmdk" Owlnk| dg gNk| g|tmhmb m|gbtmdk| gb qg}wgm| lkowbcdmdg| xwxmjg|* qgxk ktxk| gb fxmbdg| l&Kblgbtxmlckbg| wxnmbm| lkb wbm mx}wctgltwxm okbwogbtmj s wb mxtg |kec|tclmdk"

Bk qxgtgbdgok| mhkxdmx tkdm| jm| b&Kbbm| jgfmjg| ucfgbtg| gbtxg jk|omsm|* |cbk bclmogbtg qxglc%mx j&K| xm|fk| h|clk| dg |w dgxglnk qgbmj*m| lkok jm| lkblgqlckbg| ewbdmogbtmjg| }wg _1 |w|tgbtmhmb* .kb wbmeb dg lkbklgx qmxtg dg |w |c|tgom jgfmj"

Mj cbclcmx g|tg g|twdck bk| gblkbtxmok| lkb }wg mjfwbk| lkblgqtk|ewbdmogbtmjg| dg jm iwxc|qxwdgblcm lkbtgoqkxbgm bk |kb mqjclmhjg|0= qwghjk| lwsm gukjwlcb dgj dgxglnk bk tcgbg |w| xmlg| gb jm txmdclcbkllcdgbtmj dg dkbdg |tk| |wxfgb* bc tcgbg gj bcugj dg lkoqjgicdmddg jk| |c|tgom| jgf/ljjg| mltwmjg|" Qkx gjjk* ngok| g|lkfcdk* m ombgxm dgfwm* wbm moqjcm lkblgqlcb dg jgs |wxfcdm dg jm mbtxkq&Kjkfm* lmqmydg |gx mqjclmdm m |klcgdmdg| LKjj wb lwgxqk iwxdclk dc|tcbt&K mj dg jk|kxdgbtm jg| lkbtgoqkxbgk| lkb wb dg|mxx&Kj=&K dcegxgbtg" \gfb g|tm


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7> MBM JWC\M CY]WCGXDK S DG JM LLGUMcdgm* wbm bkxom |klcmj g| jgfmj |c |w cblwoqjcocgbtk k cbexmllcb xg/fwjmxogbtg lkbjjgumhm jm mqjclmlcb dg wbm |mblcb e|clm* glkboclmk cbemombtg coqwg|tm qkx wb bdcucdcm k fxwqk* qk|ggdkx dgj qxcucjgfckxglkbklcdk qkx jm |klcgdmd qmxm mltwmJ j Lwmtxk gjgogbtk| |kb g|gblcm/jg| qmxm dc|tcbfwcx* gbtxg tkdm| jm| bkxom| |klcmjg|* jk| qxglgqtk| lkblmxltgx iwxdclk9 bkxomtcucdmd* xgfwjmxcdmd* khjcfmtkxcgdmd s _m g~c|/jgblcm dg txchwbmjg| }wg dglcdmb |w koc|cb k cbexmllcb* mwb}wg bk|gmb cb|tctwlckbg| qgxombgbtg|"8

Bwg|txm tmxgm bk |g jcoct m wb fxwqk omsm gb g|qglcmj* |cbk }wglkb|cdgxmbdk gj g|gblcmj txm|ekbdk lwjtwxmj }wg jk| ucblwjm mqwbtmok|fgbgxmjcymlckbg| ujcdm| qmxm tkdk| gjjk|"

Dg mlwgxdk lkb jk| tg|tcokbck| lkb jk| }wg lkbtmok| ngok|" dg qxg/lc|mx }wg ocgbtxm| bk |g dg|lcexg jm g|lxctwxm omsm* |jk qkdxgok| xg/egxcxbk| m wb okogbtk dg g|tm lcucjcymlcb* gj |cfjk ^UC" Jm cbekxomlcb}wg |khxg jm| bkxom| iwxdclm| nm jjgfmdk nm|tm bk|ktxk|**& g| h|clm/ogbtg jm dg|lxcqlcb dg jk|& qmtxkbg| dg lkbdwltm dg jk|9 9omsm|* qkxexmcjg|* gblkogbdgxk| s lxkbc|tm| g|qmkjg|" \w| ewgbtg| dg lkbklcocgbtkewgxkb |w| qxkqcm| g~qgxcgblcm| lkb jk| cbdfgbm| s jk }wg gjjk| jg*cbekxomxkb* qgxk tkdk lkblgqtwmjcymdk dg|dg wb lkbtg~tk lwjtwxmj g|gb/lcmjogbtg dc|tcbtk s gblmimdk gb wbm uc|cb kllcdgbtmj dgj owbdk"

Mnkxm |jk }wcgxk dmx bktclcm& dgj tg|tcokbck }wg* m bwg|txk okdk dgugx* mdgo| dg |gx jm g~lgqlcb qkx}wg |w mwtkx g| wb cbdck* lkbtcgbgjm o| umjck|m cbekxomlcb |khxg gj dgxglnk dg jk| omsm| qxgnc|qbclk|\g txmtm dg jm Xgjmlcb g|lxctm qkx Fm|qmx Mbtkbck Ln gb =7>8 m qgtc(lcb dgj fkhgxbmdkx dg Swlmtb* cbtgxg|mdk gb jm| bkxom| lkb }wg |gnmhmb xgfcdk jk| bmtwxmjg| s }wg |khxgucumb m txmu| dg jk| 9fkhcgxbk|cbdfgbm|" Jm |cfbceclmlcb dg g|tg dklwogbtk xmdclm gb }wg* |w mwtkx*dg|lgbdcgbtg dg jm bkhjg emocjcm ^cw s kxcfcbmxck dg Omb* gxm mdkjg|/lgbtg lwmbdk jg |kxqxgbdc jm (lkb}wc|tm(0 qkx gjjk qxkbtk |g lkbucxtcmj lxc|tcmbc|ok s qm| m g|twdcmx gb gj lkbugbtk exmblc|lmbk dg r C x c d m " Sm lwmbdk g|lxchc nmhm mdkqtmdk lkok |wsm jm lwjtwxm kllcdgbtmjs* |gfb wb tg|tcfk dg jm qklm* txmhmimhm lkok cbtxqxgtg 9gb gj Iwy/fmdk Omskx dg Swlmtb* ewbfcgbdk tmohcb dg fg|tkx s dgegb|kx dg cb(dck|" Chcdgo* q" 788"=3 Ln" kq" lct"* q" 8


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DGJCTK S LM\TCFK GB JM \KLCGDMD 9-ZeMSM 5 lcxlwb|tmblcm| mbtg| g~qwg|tm|" t9\tm|* lkokxgmlljb dg jm |klcgdmd qmxm nmlgx g~qcmx gj xkoqcocgbtk dgj kxdgb |klcmj tgbmb wb ldxltgx gigoqjmx* lwsk khigtcuk gxm qxgugbcx ewtwxm| lkbtxmugblckbg|* qkx jk }wg jm| giglwlckbg| |cgoqxg gxmb qhjclm|"9I"= Gbktxk |gbtcdk* }wcy mjfwbk| lm|tcfk| tmohcb twucgxkb wbm ewblc5b xctwmj dg qwxceclmlcb* sm }wg gb jm |klcgdmd omsm bk nmhm bm dc|klcmlcb gbtxg dgjctk s qglmdk"

G| lmxmltgx|tclk gj xcfkx lkb }wg jk| ewblckbmxck| qhjclk|& nmdmblwoqjcx jm| |gbtgblcm|* qmxm m| ok|txmx m jm lkjgltcucdmd gj qkdgt dg|w| fkhgxbmbtg|* Jm owgxtg gxm wbk dg jk| lm|tcfk| o| exglwgbtg| s |ggiglwtmhm gb wbm fxmb dcugx|cdmd dg ekxom| lbjgjg|* |cgoqxg s lwmbdkgj dgjctk nwhcgxm |cdk lkogtcdk lkb tkdm| jm| mfxmumbtg| dg jm jgs" Qkdgok| lctmx owlnk| gigoqjk| gbtxg jk| }wg dg|tmlmb jm jmxScdmlcb" gj&cmlmxIg mj xgk jk| cbtg|tcbk| qkx gj kohjcfk* gj ejglnmocgbtk* gj goq369.Lkj" dg jchxk| xmxk " s l w x c k " r . # """ }WC9 txm"j"mb dg Mot0xclm* ^CU Z ^U#0 Ukj" =* q" 9ZVj"Z r j 9 - " j"m| L m " r m r * kq" lct"* Ukj" iC " q" 0 r . # " 9-F Xko0b s Ymokxm* 1=&" dt"* Ukj" P* q" 83>"Jm| Lm|m|* 1CI" lct"* Ukj" N* q" 7 1 r " Ewgbtg| s Lwyob* 1=&" lct"* Ukj" =* q" 6


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55 MBM JWC\M CY]WCGXDK s DG JM LWGUMlkb |w| qxkqcl| ogdck| k mjfb qmxcgbtg qmfmhm qkx gjjk|* dmbdk gjumjkx dg jk nwxtmdk gb gj lm|k dg jk| jmdxkbg| k gbtxgfmbdk m jm| mwtk/xcdmdg| gj umjkx lkogxlcmj dg wb g|ljmuk0jj

Tmohcb }wgdmhmb gb gj |gxuclck m}wgjjk| lwsm cbexmllcb m jm jgsogxglm jm qgbm dg owgxtg* qgxk bk |g jg qkdcm giglw(tmx qkx bk& g|tmx|weclcgbtgogbtg qxkhmdm |w lwjqmhcjcdmd k qkx |gx ogbkx dg gdmd0


11/12

DGJCTK S LM\TCFK GB JM \KLCGDMD (OMSM 56r = j = = q j r m " jchgxtmd dg jk| qmxtclwjmxg| qmxm qgdcx jm cbtgxugblcb dg jmIw|tjLCm gb lcgxtk| dgjctk|" Qkx gjjk* gb dgtgxocbmdm| |ctwmlckbg| }wgdmJmb coqwbg| uckjmlckjjg| m jm jgs LKCjjK gj mdwjtgxck* gj jmtxklcbck s nm|tmgj nkoclcdck

" |coc|jjjk* jm iw|tcm omsm* qgx|gfwm nmhctwmjogbtg* |cb bglg|cdmddj& mlw|mlcjj* tkdm| m } j j j & j = m r cbexmllckbg| lkogtcdm| lkbtxm jm| mwtkxcdmdg| qkjtclm| s xgjcf/ck|d"*"* lwg|tckbg| .Ijjg dg|dg gj qwbtk dg uc|tm omsm:""&j&mb nglnk| lwsm qwbc:"cx&Nj gj&m dg uctmj cbtgx| qmxm jm lkowbcdmd qkx.cjJg xkoqmb jm g|tmhcjcdmd |klcmj"

Gj |gbtcdk dg iw|tclcm qxcoctcuk g| dkocbmdk qkx gj LKjj.9gqtk dg xg/txchwlcb }wg kxcfcbmhm jm bglg|cdmd cbdcucdwmj dg g~cfcx lkoqgb|mxjm uckjmlcb mj kxdtb r k l c m j " Mwb}wg gbtxg jk| omsm| g|tm lkblgqlcbnmhm |cdk |wqgxmdm qkx jm iw|tclcm lkok gj ogdck dg qxg|gxumx coqwbgjm g|txwltwxm |klcmj* jm b g l g r c d m d dg xg|tctwcx* gb jm ogdcdm dg jk qk|chjg*gj omj klm|ckbmdk* g|tmJm qxg|gbtg" M| jm| mwtkxcdmg| dg|qw.&\ dg lwmbtceclmdk gj dmek* |cgoqxg coqkbmb mjfwbm ombgxm dg xgqk|cdb* cbljw""*1 txmtmbdk dg }wg gj dgombdmbtg }wgdmxm |mtc|tglnk" Qkx gigoqjk (jmqgbm dgj nkoclcdm mwb}wg ewgxm lm|wmj* gxm okxcx qkx blcdcm| dg jk|qmxcgbtg|* k |c bk* qmfmx gj owgxtk("9

Lkok | j j q g x u c u g b l c r t dg qxklgdcocgbtk| jgfmjg| mbtlxckxg0 tmohcb.&kbtmok| lkb jk| dgjctk| gb jk| }wg |g qgxoctm mj mfxmucmdk giglwtmxjm &cgbtgblcm* k |g jg emlwjtmhm qmxm qgxdkbmx mj cbexmltkx mbtg jm| mwtkxcdmdg| lkoqgtgbtg| }wg jgfctcocymhmb gj nglnk

"/Z qg|mx dg }wg gb jm |klcgdmd omsm tkdk g|tmhm coqxgfbmdk dgj&Zlbtcdk xgjcfck|k fwg fwcmhm jm ucdm nwombm* gb gj dgxglnk nms xm|fk|.jWL C^#C=gb dg ombcecg|tk wb qxklg|k dg |glwjmxcymlcb" G~lgqtk gj nmjmnC+c j+cg s gj hmjmh# swg gxmb fkhgxbmbtg| lcucjg| s xgjcfck|k|* jk| dgo|"""*0lgxdktg| bk qmxglgb nmhgx tgbcdk qktg|tmdg| iwddclm|* m| lkok gj mnnwcd* dgjgfmdk g|qglcmjogbtg qmxm coqmxtcx iw|tclcm bk twuk mtxchwlckbg|xgjcfck|m(" jZ*9ccoc|ok* jk&2 qxklg|k| qgbmjg| |g owg|txmb lkok iwclck| g~/ljw|cumogbtg lcucjg|" mqmxtmdk| dg lwmj}wcgx cbtgxugblcb xgjcfck|m*p~lgqtk }wcy gb jm| |mblckbg| }wg qwdcgxmb nmhgx tgbcdk wb |gbtcdkqwxceclmdkx" Qkx ktxk jmdk* jm uckjmlcb dg lcgxtm| lk|twohxg| xgjcfck|m|Cjk tgbm gj xmbfk dg dgjctk| s |w lm|tcfk g|tmhm jcoctmdk m jm mllcbdg jm| ewgxym| |khxgbmtJjj&m`|"

\cgbdk jk| omsm| wb qwghjk dg g~txmkxdcbmxck| jkfxk| mxt|tclk| g cb/tgjgltwmjg|* jfclmogbtg jmohcb ewgxkb lxgmdkxg| dg cb|tctwlckCjl&c lkbp&*2txwltjjxm&c lkoqjgim| s dcZ(gx|ceclmdm|" M r * jm FCJjltgxcymlcb dg wbmcb|tctwlcb lkok gj Dgxglnk Qgbmj* bk| nm qwg|tk gb ljmxk |w| xm|fk|dc|tcbtcuk|" Gbtxg gjjk| xg|wjtm g|gblcmj gj nglnk dg }wg gj qkdgx lkgxlc/tcuk nmhm |cdk lgbtxmjcymdk s okbkqkjcymdk qkx Wjjm mwtkxcdmd keclcmjxgqxg|gbtmdm qkx cb|tctwlckbg| Hjtmhjg| s g~qjlctm|* gb lwsm| ombk| g|"tmhm coqgdcx jm sckhgcb dg jm| bkxom| }wg jm |klcgdmd nmhm |mblk/


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5> MBM JWC\M CY]WCGXDK S DG JM LWGUM

bmdk lkok jgsg|" G|tk qkbg dg ombcecg|tk wbm dg jm| owlnm| qmxtclwjm/xcdmdg| dg jm| |klcgdmdg| omsm|* }wg bk| qgbbctg nmhjmx ujcdmogbtg dgjm g~c|tgblcm dg g|txwltwxm| qkjtclm| lkb gj lmxltgx dg G|tmdk|"

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izquierdo - 1981 - el delito y su castigo en la sociedad maya

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Transcript of izquierdo - 1981 - el delito y su castigo en la sociedad maya