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APRIL'953

EDITORIALADREMAL GLANDS:ADRENAL STEROIDS

R. I. S. BaySiss, M.A., M.D., M.R.C.P.CUSHING'S SYNDROMEA. C. Crooke, M.A., M.D.

THE ADRENO-GENITAL SYNDROMES. Leonard Simpson, M.A., M.D., F.R.C.P.

HYPOPITUITARISMA. A. G. Lewis, B.Sc., M.D., M.R.C.P.

ADDISON'S DISEASEG. A. Smart, hM.D., B.Sc., F.R.C.P.

SURGERY OF THE ADRENAL GLANDSelwyn Taylor, M.Ch., F.R.C.S.

ACUTE ADRENAL INSUFFICIENCYPaul FPuman, M.D., M.R.CR.

BOOK REVIEWSPOSTGRADUATE NEWS

316(ANNUAL SUBSCRIPTION 36/-)

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THE

POSTGRADUATEMEDICAL JOURNAL

VOLUME 29 NUMBER 330 APRIL I953

CONTENTSPAGE

EDITORIAL I73ADRENAL GLANDS:

THE ADRENAL STEROIDS R. I. S. Bayliss, M.A., M.D., M.R.C.P. 174CUSHING'S SYNDROME A. C. Crooke, M.A., M.D. I79THE ADRENO-GENITAL SYNDROME S. Leonard Simpson, M.A., M.D., F.R.C.P. I84HYPOPITUITARI!M A. A. G. Lewis, B.Sc., M.D., M.R.C.P. 192ADDISON'S DISEASE G. A. Smart, M.D., B.Sc., F.R.C.P. 200SURGERY OF THE ADRENAL GLAND Selwyn Taylor, M.Ch., F.R.C.S. 208ACUTE ADRENAL INSUFFICIENCY Paul Fourman, M.D., M.R.C.P. 2I5

CORRESPONDENCE 217BOOKS RECEIVED ' 28

BOOK REVIEWS 219MANUFACTURERS' NOTES 224POSTGRADUATE NEWS 225

All rights reserved. No part of this journal may be reproducedin any form without permission in writing from the publishers.

ED,rIProf. C.. G. Rob, M.C., M.CmuR, F.R.C.S.

ADVISORY EDITORIAL BOARDMaurice Davidson, M.A., D.M., F.R.C.P.

J. W. D. Bull, M.D., F.R.C.P. David Levi, M.S., F.R.C.S.Sol M. Cohen, F.R.C.S. A. A. G. Lewis, M.D., M.R.C.P.H1arold Davis, M.B., M.R.C.P. Andrew Monro, M.D., F.R.C.S.Colin Edwards, M.B., M.R.C.P. K. I. Nissen, F.R.C.S.I,. P. Le Quesne, F.R.C.S. R. S. Bruce Pearson, D.M., F.R.C.P.

Charles Read, F.R.C.S., F.R.C.O.G.PUBLISHERS

The Fellowship of Postgraduate Medicine, 6o, Portland Place, London, W.I

2zi8

hl2eceivel

The Editorial Board acknowledge with thanks receipt of the followingvolumes. A selection from these will be made for review.

' Gynaecology.' By. Prof. N. Louros. Pp. 407.Athens: Greek Publishing Association. I952.I41s. approx.'Chemical Induction of Cancer.' By George

Wolf, B.Sc., D.Phil. Pp. xiii + 250, with 5illustrations. London: Cassell & Co. Ltd. I952.17s. 6d.

' Cancer in General Practice.' By R. W. Raven,O.B.E., F.R.C.S., and P. E. Thompson Hancock,F.R.C.P. Pp. ix + 265, with 71 illustrations.London: Butterworth & Co. I952. 30s.

'Poliomyelitis.' By W. Ritchie Russell, C.B.E.,M.D., M.A., F.R.C.P. Pp. vii + 84, with 20illustrations. London: Edward Arnold & Co.1952. 14s.

'Cardioscopy.' By William Evans, M.D.,D.Sc., F.R.C.P. Pp. xi + I50, with 207 illustra-tions. London: Butterworth & Co. 1952. 40s.

'Fanconi and Wallgren's Textbook of Paedi-atrics.' Edited by W. R. F. Collis, M.A., M.D.,F.R.C.P., F.R.C.P.I., D.P.H. Pp. xx + I,I04,with 440 illustrations. London: William Heine-mann. 1952. £7 7s.'A Ciba Foundation Symposium-Visceral Cir-

culation.' Edited by G. E. W. Wolstenholme,O.B.E., M.A., M.B., B.Ch. Pp. xiv + 278, with72 illustrations. London: J. & A. Churchill, Ltd.1952. 30os.'A Handbook of Radiotherapy for Senior and

Post-Graduate Students.' By W. M. Levitt, M.D.,F.R.C.P., F.F.R., D.M.R.E. Pp.. xii + 232, with53 illustrations. London: Harvey & Blythe, Ltd.I952. 30s.'Morbus Alzheimer and Morbus Pick.' By

Torsten Sj6gren, Hakon Sj6gren and Ake G. H.Lindgren. Pp. 152, illustrated. Copenhagen:Ejnar Munksgaard. I952.

'Psychosomatic Medicine.' By Franz Alexander,M.D. Pp. 300, with 5 illustrations. London:George Allen and Unwin Ltd. 1952. 2IS.'Any Questions?' From the British Medical

Journal. Pp. xii + I95 + xvii. London: BritishMedical ournal. 1952. 7s. 6d.

'Functional Endocrinology.' By Nathan B.Talbot, M.D., Edna H. Sobel, M.D., Janet W.McArthur, M.D., John D. Crawford, M.D. Pp.xxx + 638, illustrated. London: GeoffreyCumberlege. 1952. 63s.

' Kielland's Forceps.' By E. Parry Jones, M.B.,B.S., M.R.C.O.G. Pp. x + 212, illustrated.London: Butterworth & Co. I952. 358.

'British Encyclopaedia of Medical Practice.Vol. i.' Edited by the. Rt. Hon. Lord Horder,G.C.V.O., M.D., F.R.C.P. 2nd Edition. Pp.xv + 753, with 143 illustrations. London:Butterworth & Co. 1952. £3 5s.

'Dental Surgery and- Pathology.' By J. F.Colyer, K.B.E., LI.D., F.R.C.S., F.D.S., andEvelyn Sprawson, M.C., D.Sc., M.R.C.S.,L.R.C.P., F.D.S. gth Edition. Pp. xv + I,151,with I,015 illustrations: London: Butterworth &Co. I953. 75s.

'Biochemistry in Relation to Medicine.' ByC. W. Carter, M.A., B.M., B.Ch., and R. H. S.Thompson, M.A., B.Sc., D.M. 2nd Edition. Pp.xi + 524, with 37 illustrations. London: Long-mans, Green & Co. Ltd. 1953. 30S.

' How to Use a Medical Library.' By Leslie T.Morton, A.L.A. 2nd. Edition. Pp. vii + 44.London: William Heinemann. I953. 5s.'Muscle Relaxation as an Aid to Psychotherapy.

Vol. I.' By G. Garmany, B.Sc., M.B., Ch.B.,M.R.C.P., D.P.M. Pp. 65. London: TheActinic Press, Ltd. I952. 3s. 6d.'The Surgery of Pancreatic Neoplasms.' By

Rodney Smith, M.S., F.R.C.S. Pp. vii + 157,with I I I illustrations, some in colour. Edinburgh:E. & S. Livingstone, Ltd. I953. 35s.

'Textbook of Public Health.' By W. M.Frazer, O.B.E., M.D., Ch.B., M.Sc., D.P.H. 13thEdition. Pp. xi + 663, with 76 illustrations.'Edinburgh: E. & S. Livingstone Ltd. I953. 42s.

'The Management of Abdominal Operations.'Edited by Rodney Maingot, F.R.C.S. Pp. xvi +1,256, with 538 illustrations. London: H. K.Lewis & Co. Ltd. 1953. I20os.'A Modern Practice of Obstetrics.' By D. M.

Stern, M.A., M.B., B.Ch., F.R.C.S., F.R.C.O.G.,and C. W. F. Burnett, M.D., F.R.C.S., F.R.C.O.G.Pp. viii + 248, with I40 illustrations. London:Bailliere, Tindall & Cox. I1952. 35s.'Anatomy of the Autonomic Nervous System.'

By G. A. G. Mitchell, O.B.E., T.D., M.B., Ch.M.,D.Sc. Pp. xvi + 356, with 13I illustrations, manyin colour. Edinburgh: E. & S. Livingstone Ltd.1953. 55s.

'British Encyclopaedia of Medical Practice.Vol. I2.' Edited by the Rt. Hon. Lord Horder,G.C.V.O., M.D., F.R.C.P. 2nd Edition. Pp.xvi + 777, with I44 illustrations. London:Butterworth & Co. I952. 6os.

224

./IfractuAtet4jle6

CONTHYRINGlaxo Laboratories, Ltd., announce the intro-

duction of' Conthyrin,' tablets of methylthiouracilwith L-thyroxine for treating thyrotoxicosis. Thecombination treats thyrotoxicosis effectively whilecoitrolling the tendency to goitre and exoph-thalmos.

There are two potencies: Conthyrin ' I00oo'tablets, containing ioo mg. methylthiouracil ando.I mg. L-thyroxine sodium; and Conthyrin'50 ' tablets, containing 50 mg. methylthiouraciland o.I mg. L-thyroxine sodium,; Both are avail-able in bottles of 50 and dispensing packs of 500.

For initial treatment dosage . sually consists ofthree Conthyrin ' ioo' tablets daily for three tofour months. This is followed by maintenancedosage of three Conthyrin ' 50' tablets daily forsix to eight months. If thyroid enlargement occursonly the dosage of thyroxine should be increased.This can be done with ' Eltroxin' (L-thyroxinesodium 'Glaxo) 0o.o05 mg. or o.I mg. tablets.

The Distillers Company (Biochemicals) Ltd.,Speke, Liverpool 19, on behalf of its distributors,Allen & Hanburys Ltd., The British Drug HousesLtd., Burroughs Wellcome & Co., Evans MedicalSupplies Ltd., Imperial Chemical (Pharma-ceuticals) Ltd., and Pharmaceutical Specialities(May & Baker) Ltd., announces the followingreduced retail prices from February 2:

PENICILLIN G, sodium salt and potassium salt(buffered):

Single Box of 5vial vials

s. d. s. d.*o.I mega unit .. .. I 0 5 00.2 mega unit .. .. 1 3 6 30.5 mega unit .. .. 2 Ii I070s.o mega unit .. .. 3 6 17 6

Singlecontainer

s. d.5.0 mega units .. .. 15 0

io.o mega units .. .. 28 9*Potassium salt (buffered) not available in this size

vial.

'DISTAQUAINE' G: Single Box of 5vial vials

s. d. s. d.o.3 mega unit .. .. I 9 8 9o.9 mega unit .. .. 3 Ioj 19 4r

Box of ovialss. d.

3.0 mega units .. .. I 6 I 5 0' DISTAQUAINE' FORTIFIED:

Single Box of 5vial vials

s. d. s. d.o.4 mega unit .. .. 2 Xi Io 711.2 mega units .. .. 4 I0o 24 41

Box of Iovials

s. d. s. d.4.o mega units .. .. 15 0 I50 0

'DISTAQUAINE' SUSPENSION:Single Box of iovial vials

s. d. s. d.10 ml. (3 mega units) .. 12 IIf 121 3

STREPTOMYCIN (sulphate) and DIHYDRO-STREPTOMYCIN (sulphate):

Single Box of 5vial vials

s. d. s. d.I gramme (I mega unit) .. 4 0 20 05 grammes (5 mega units) .. 17 6

'DISTAVONE ': Box of 5Each vialss. d. s. d.

'Single-dose' vials .. .. 4 If 20 7

All prices subject to the usual discounts.

Messrs. Menley & James, Limited, Pharma-ceutical Manufacturers, Coldharbour Lane, Lon-don, S.E.5, have introduced a new presentationof' Furacin,' the potent new antibacterial, for thetreatment of otitis of bacterial origin-' Furacin 'Ear Solution. ' Furacin"' is active against all thebacteria commonly found in acute and chronicotitis'media and externa, and in ' Furacin' EarSolution it is presented in a liquid, hygroscopic,anhydrous, and non-irritant vehicle. 'Furacin'Ear Solution is available in I fl. oz. (28 cc.)bottles with dropper.

225

POSTGRADUATE NEWSApril 1953

The information conttained in this section is published by courtesy of theorganizations concerned and no responsibility for any changes. of detailor omissions can be accepted by the publishers. In all cases, applicationsfor enrolment or further information should be made direct to thesponsors of the course.

FELLOWSHIP OF POSTGRADUATEMEDICINESurgery (F.R.C.S.). To June 4. Thursdays, 2 to 4p.m.; Fridays, z to 4 p.m.; Saturdays, io a.m. to 4.30p.m. New End Hospital.'Surgery (F.R.C.S.) Evening Combined SystematicCourse. Thursdays, 8 to 9.30 p.m. until June 4. Fee,6 I5s. od. New End Hospital.Anaesthetics (D.A. Part I). April 13 to 24. Twolectures every afternoon. Anatomy, physiology, path-ology and pharmacology. Royal Cancer Hospital. Fee,6 6s. od.Plastic Surgery Week-end. April i8 and x9. Allday Saturday and Sunday. Plastic and Jaw Unit,Rooksdown House, Basingstoke. Fee C3 3s.Surgery (F.R.C.S.). Evening, April 20 to 24, 7 p.m.to 9 p.m. Connaught Hospital, Walthamstow. Fee£3 13s. 6d.Please note that instruction arranged by the Fellowshipof Postgraduate Medicine is open only to Members (annualsubscription, from month ofjoining, Ios. 6d.). In the caseof ' limited' courses no entries are accepted in advanceof the detailed syllabuses being published and circulated;postgraduates (whether Members or not) are not auto-matically included in the mailing lists, but must notifyhe Fellowship of Postgraduate Medicine, 6o PortlandPlace, London, W.I, if they wish to be sent syllabuses aspublished, and must specify the subjects in which they areinterested. Information regarding courses can be obtainedfrom the Office daily between Io a.m. and 5 p.m. (SaturdaysIO a.m. to 12 noon). Telephone: Langham 4266.

ROYAL COLLEGE OF SURGEONS OFENGLANDThe following lectures will be delivered at the College.Admission free.Arnott DemonstrationApril8 3.45 p.m. Prof. Lambert Rogers. Title to be

announced.Erasmus Wilson DemonstrationApril21 3.45 p.m. Dr. B. E. Heard. Structure of tumour

cells.

Urology LectureApril22 5.30 p.m. Mr. Arthur Jacobs. Uretero-colic

anastomosis. The indications, methods andresults.

Otolaryngology LectureApril30 5.30 p.m. Mr. Norman Barrett. Cardiospasm.Basic Medical Sciences. Full particulars of instruc-tion will be found under 'Institute of Basic MedicalSciences.'Surgical Lectures and Clinical Conferences will begiven from April I3 to April 30. Fee £I5 I5s. od.Faculty of Dental Surgery. A course of practicaldemonstrations in anatomy, applied physiology andpathology in their application to dental surgery and indental anatomy and histology will be held from July I3to September 25 (excluding August). Fee for the (full-time) course /26 5s. od.Applications should be addressed to the Deputy Secretary,Royal College of Surgeons, Lincolns Inn Fields, London,W.C.2 (Holborn 3474).SOCIETY OF APOTIECARIES OF LONDONDiploma in Industrial Health (D.I.H.). The ex-aminations are held in July and December each year.Diploma of Mastery of Midwifery (M.M.S.A.). Theexaminations are held in May and November each year.For further information application should be addressedto the Registrar, Society of Apothecaries Black FriarsLane, London, E.C.4.DENTAL BOARD OF THE UNITEDKINGDOMThe Dental Postgraduate Bureau has issued threebooklets, as follows:-'Facilities for Dental Postgraduate Study in the UnitedKingdom and Ireland,' containing a list of schools andinstitutions at which postgraduate courses are held orwhich provide facilities for individual students, and analphabetical list of subjects showing where instructionin each can be obtained; ' Scholarships and Student-ships for Advanced Studies and Research in Den-tistry,' including many open to British subjects tenable

POSTGRADUATE MEDICAL JOURNAL April I953

abroad; 'Higher Dental Qualifications,' setting out ingeneral terms the conditions to be satisfied by candidates.Copies of these booklets and further information can beobtained on application to the Director, Dental Port-graduate Bureau, 44 Hallam Street, London, W.r.

BRITISH POSTGRADUATE MEDICALFEDERATION (University of London)The Federation provides:-(I) Training for prospective specialists, supplementing

the work of the undergraduate medical schools.(2) Advanced revision for practising specialists.(3) Instruction for medical practitioners who, though not

specialists, desire more detailed knowledge of anybranch of medicine.

(4) Instruction for general prpctitioners.Comprising the Federation at present are the Post-graduate Medical School of London, Institute ofPsychiatry, Institute of Laryngology and Otology, In-stitute of Ophthalmology, Institute of Child Health,Institute of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Institute ofNeurology, Institute of Orthopaedics, Institute ofDental Surgery, Institute of Cancer Research;Associated institutes are the Institute of Diseases ofthe Chest, Institute of Cardiology, Institute of Der-matology, Institute of Urology, and Institute of BasicMedical Sciences.Course3 for general practitioners will be held asfollows:GeneralApril 20 to 25 (with Obstetrics and Fevers). Fulhamand Kensington Group of Hospitals.May 4 to. 9. Lewisham Hospital.Rehabilitation in General PracticeMay i to x5. Roffey Park Institute, Horsham (Resi-dential).Applications for places on the above courses should be madeto the Secretary, British Postgraduate Medical Federation,and should state if the application is or is not made underthe scheme for N.H.S. practitioners.Extended and Week-end CoursesGeneralApril 7 to June 23 (i Thursday afternoons). WestMiddlesex Hospital.Beginning April 8 (extended). Kingston Hospital.April io and i (week-end). St. Andrew's Hospital,Bow.April I to May I6 (six Saturday afternoons). Lutonand Dunstable Hospital, Luton.April i6 to June 25 (II Thursday afternoons). Hack-ney Hospital, E.g.April zo2to May 14 (six afternoons). King GeorgeHospital, Ilford.April 25 and 26 (week-end). Elizabeth Garrett An-derson Hospital, N.W.I.Beginning April (extended). Woolwich Group.Obstetrics and GynaecologyApril I8 to May 23 (extended). St. Andrew's Hospital,Bow.PaediatricsApril (week-end). Chelmsford Hospital.Applications for places on the above courses, and enquiriesabout unspecified dates, should be made to the Hospital.All the courses are available to N.H.S. practitioners,for whom fees and allowances (travelling expenses,locum fees, etc.) are provided for courses equivalent to

22 half-day sessions in an academic year, subject tocertain conditions. Other practitioners may attend onpayment of a fee of io guineas for two weeks, 5 guineasfor one week, or extended course of Ii sessions, Ifguineas for a week-end course.Applications for further information should be made tothe Secretary, British Postgraduate Medical Federation,3 Gordon Square, London, W.C.I.

INSTITUTE OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES(Royal College of Surgeons of England)The Institute co-operates with other specialist Institutesof the Federation in providing facilities for practicalwork and instruction in the basic medical sciences.Twice a year there is a full demonstration and lecturecourse which is full-time and extends over a period ofthree months. Applications for this course are strictlylimited, and the next course will begin on April 7, I953.In addition, there are two revision courses a year oflectures only, which take place at the same time as theother course. Applications, for this course can beaccepted up to a month before the course begins. Fees:demonstrations and lectures, C63; lectures only,,36 I5s. od. A two-months' course for Primary F.D.S.candidates is also held twice a year in January and July.The next course of demonstrations in anatomy, appliedphysiology, and pathology, in their application todental surgery, and in dental anatomy and histology,will be held from July 13 to September 25 (excludingAugust), 1953. The course is full-time and the fee,26 5s. od.For further information please apply to the Secretary,Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Royal College ofSurgeons of England, Lincolns Inn Fields, London, W.C.2.

INSTITUTE OF CANCER RESEARCH (Royal'Cancer Hospital and Chester Beatty ResearchInstitute)Postgraduate lectures and courses of instruction are heldin biophysics for students studying for the M.Sc.degree in Biophysics, and for students studying for aDiploma in Medical Radiotherapy.Enquiries should be made to the Dean, Institute of CancerResearch, Royal Cancer Hospital, Fulham Road, London,S.W. 3.

INSTITUTE OF CARDIOLOGY(National Heart Hospital) (British Post-graduate Medical Federation)Full-time courses of instruction lasting three nlonths areavailable. Fee C26 5s. od.A limited number can be accepted part-time, whichincludes out-patient sessions and lectures.Special short courses lasting two weeks are given atintervals. Fee £a2 Izs. od.Further details and applications for admission to thesecourses should be made to the Dean, Institute of Cardi-ology, 35 Wimpole Street, London, W.x.

INSTITUTE OF DISEASES OF THE CIEST(Brompton Hospital and The London ChestHospital) (British Postgraduate MedicalFederation)The Institute of Diseases of the Chest (Medical Schoolof the Hospitals for Diseases of the Chest) is situated inthe grounds of the Brompton Hospital, S.W.3.

April 1953 Postgraduate News 227

MedicalInstruction in diseases of the chest including tuberculosisis conducted during three terms of ten weeks each year.It consists of clinical work in wards and out-patientdepartments, lectures and demonstrations. A whole-time programme is arranged for not more than 12graduates each term, preferably those specializing indiseases of the chest. The lectures and demonstrationsare so arranged that the subject of chest disease incovered during the two terms beginning in October andJanuary. The lectures during the summer term arearranged as a general revision course. The fee for thewhole-time attendance is I5 guineas per term. A largernumber of graduates can be accepted for part-time studyat a fee of Iz guineas per term; if vacancies are availableit may be possible to accept graduates for shorter periodsof part-time study at a fee of 5 guineas per month.A refresher course, intended for physicians specializingin tuberculosis and diseases of the chest, will be held atthe Brompton Hospital from July 6 to Io, I953.SurgicalA whole-time course in chest surgery is conductedduring the terms beginning in October and January. Itincludes attendance at out-patient clinics, operatingsessions, ward clinics, case demonstrations and lectures,and- is held partly-at.-the.Bompon Hospital and partlyat the London Chest Hospital. The fee is xS guineasper term.RadiologyPart-time instruction in radiology of the chest for traineeradiologists only is given each term. The fee is ioguineas per term.For further general information application should beaddressed to the Dean, Institute of Diseases of the Chest,·Brompton Hospital, Fulham Road, S.W.3.

INSTITUTE OF CHILD HEALTH (Hospitalfor Sick Children) (British PostgraduateMedical Federation)The Institute of Child Health is associated with TheHospitai for Sick Children, Great Ormond Street, thePostgraduate Medical School of London at Hammer-smith Hospital, and the Queen Elizabeth Hospital forChildren. In its programme teaching on every aspectof child health is provided. Visits are arranged to the de-partment for the new-born and premature infant at thePostgraduate Medical School of London, Hammer-smith Hospital, Maternity and Child Welfare Clinics,Nursery Schools, etc. The Institute provides tuitionthroughout the year in tree terms of 12 weeks' durationeach, beginning in January, May and September. Inaddition a series of lectures by specialists and expertsin various spheres is given each term. The fees are 20guineas for one term and 35 guineas for two terms.Applications should be addressed to the Dean, Instituteof Child Health, Hospital for Sick Children, GreatOrmond Street, London, W.C.i.

INSTITUTE OF DENTAL SURGERY(Eastman Dental Hospital)The Institute holds courses in orthodontics (full- andpart-time, up to one year), and in periodontia, conserva-tive dentistry, prosthetics, minor oral surgery andchildrens dentistry (variable length, full- and part-time). Full-time refresher courses of two weeks' dura-tion are arranged twice yearly for general practitioners.Courses are also held in conjunction with the Facultvof Dental Surgery of the Royal College of Surgeons andare particularly intended for candidates preparing for the

final examination for the Fellowship in Dental Surgeryof the College. These begin in June and Jansary(lasting for approximately six months), fee ,C5o, and inApril and October there are revision courses lastingeight weeks, fee C3I ios. od. Special arrangements canbe made for students requiring courses of study andresearch experience not falling within the scope of thecourses listed above.For further information apply to the Dean, Institute ofDental Surgery, Eastman Dental Hospital, Gray's InnRoad, London, W.C.i.

INSTITUTE OF DERMATOLOGY(Medical School of St. John's Hospital' forDiseases of the Skin) (British PostgraduateMedical Federation)Clinical Teaching. Instruction is given twice dailyin the out-patients' department for which the fee variesfrom two guineas for one week to 25 guineas for a year.Discussion of special cases takes place at to a.m. ovSaturdays, except during fourth week of each month.Laboratory. The facilities for students include tech-nical work in histology, bacteriology and medicalmycology.Lectures. A winter course, extending over six months,begins in October, and a summer course is held in Mayand June. Both these courses consist of lectures at5.30 p.m. on Tuesdays, Wednesdays and Thursdays ongeneral dermatology, branches of pathology and X-ray,and clinical demonstrations on Fridays which aredesigned for those taking the M.R.C.P.Enquiries should be made to the Dean, Institute of Der-matology, St. John's Hospital for Diseases of the Skin,Lisle Street, Leicester Square, London, W.C.2.

INSTITUTE OF LARYNGOLOGY ANDOTOLOGY (Royal National Throat, Noseand Ear Hospital)(British Postgraduate Medical Federation)A-comprehensive course lasting 32 weeks and designedto cover the whole field of the speciality is held twice ayear beginning in February and September. This con-sists of lectures, demonstrations and attendance on thepractice of the hospital, with facilities for dissection. Aspecial point is made of the anatomy, physiology andpathology related to the subject. There is also anintensive lecture course of four weeks twice yearly in pre-paration for practical clinical training. Advancedstudents may obtain additional experience by appoint-ment as Out-patient Assistants. An Advanced RevisionClass (io weeks) for M.S. and F.R.C.S. students is alsogiven twice yearly. The composite fee, including en-rolment as a clinical assistant, attendance on the hospitalpractice and at one of the comprehensive courses, butexcluding dissection, is £52 IOS.For further information application should be addressedto the Dean, Institute of Laryngology and Otology, 330Gray's Inn Road, W.C.i.

INSTITUTE OF NEUROLOGY (The NationalHospital, Queen Square, and the Maida ValeHospital for Nervous Diseases) (British Post-graduate Medical Federation)The teaching is mainly by attendance on the hospitalpractice. Some advanced students are appointed asfull-time clinical clerks at the National Hospital, QueenSquare, or to the electro-encephalographic or one of

228 POSTGRADUATE MEDICAL JOURNAL April 1953

the other special departmerlLs, or to the research labora-tories. A limited number of part-time clinical clerk-ships are available at the Maida Vale Hospital withopportunity for examining patieits.In addition two full-time courses of ten weeks' durationare given each year, namely, in the Autumn and Springterms. The first portion of the course deals with theanatomy and physiology of the nervous system, neuro-pathology and psychology, and consists mhinly oflectures and demonstrations. The second portion dealswith clinical neurology, medical and surgical, neuro-ophthalmology, neuro-otology and radiology, andincludes lectures and demonstrations. A course inneuro-surgery is given during the Summer term.Special lectures by neurologists from outside Londonand from abroad are held throughout the three courses.Fees, for the ten weeks' full-time course 20 guineas;for attending hospital practice, I 5 guineas for threemonths or 28 guineas for six months.Part-time teaching is given in the Out-patient Depart-ment, at the National Hospital, Queen Square, on fivedays a week throughout the year (public holidaysexcepted), and at Maida Vale Hospital.Courses of Clinical Demonstrations are given onWednesdays and Saturdays at the National Hospital,Queen Square. Advertisements concerning theseappear from time to time in the medical journalsFor further particulars please apply to the Dean, Instituteof Neurology, National Hospital, Queen Square, London,

INSTrrUTE OF OBSTETRICS ANDGYNAECOLOGY (British PostgraduateMedical Federation)Incorporates the teaching facilities of Queen Charlotte'sMaternity Hospital, the Chelsea Hospital for Women,and the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology ofthe Postgraduate Medical School. Graduates musthold a registrable medical qualification.On enrolment, graduates are posted to one of the con-stituent hospitals and also attend combined classes atthe other two hospitals. The enrolment fee is C3,and the charge for one term of x2 weeks is C30.An intensive course suitable for those preparing forhigher examinations will be held in December andJune.General practitioners requiring further experience inobstetrics are accepted during the term at QueenCharlotte's Hospital, to attend the practice of the hos-pital for two or four weeks, with opportunity to conductnormal deliveries and to attend combined classes at theother hospitals. Fee £3 a week during term. Ministryof Health grants are payable to approved generalpractitioners attending for such a period. GeneralPractitioner Refresher Courses, lasting one week, areheld twice a year for which the fee is £5 5s. This courseis recognized by the Ministry of Health, in the case ofapproved practitioners, for the purpose of a grant.Postgraduates may attend the practice of the hospitalat the Postgraduate Medical School and Queen Char-lotte's Hospital during the vacation, when a charge offCI a week is made.Hostel accommodat;on is available at the PostgraduateMedical School and at Queen Charlotte's Hospital.Applications for further information and for enrolmentforms should be made to the Secretary, Institute ofObstetrics and Gynaecology, Chelsea Hospital for TWomen,Dovehouse Street. S.W.3.

INSTITUTE OF OPHTHALMOLOGY(Royal London Ophthalmic, Royal West-minster Ophthalmic, Central LondonOphthalmic Hospitals) (British PostgraduateMedical Federation)Courses of lectures and classes beginning March I andOctober I each year to meet the requirements ofcandidates entering for the examination for the Diplomain Ophthalmology and other ophthalmological examina-tions will be given by members of the staff of the Hos-pital and Institute. Each course is designed to extendover two terms of approximately I8 weeks each and isnormally divided into two parts.Part I. Anatomy (including embryology and normalhistology), elementary physiology of the eye, optics(elementary and physiological), practical tutorials inrefraction work and clinical subjects.Part II. All clinical branches of the subject togetherwith bacteriology and pathology. Students can attendthe daily clinical practice of the two branches of theMoorfields, Westminster and Central Eye Hospital,and hold the appointments of Junior Clinical Assistantsand Clinical Assistants concurrently with the abovecourses. A composition fee of ;26 5s. od. will admitstudents once to the lectures and tutorial classes of anyone term, with six months' clinical practice in thehospital.Extra Courses. Slit lamp microscopy (fee C5 5s. od.);orthoptic training (one week's intensive course, feeL5 5s. od.); contact lenses (one weeks' intensive course,fee £Io Ios. od.). Additional courses by arrangement.Hospital Practice only. Fees as follows: one month,,;z 2s. od.; three months, ,5 5s. od.; six months,,Io Ios. od.Facilities for research.For further information apply to the Dean, Institute ofOphthalmology, Judd Street, London, W.C.i.

INSTITUTE OF ORTHOPAEDICS(British Postgraduate Medical Federation)The Institute is concerned with postgraduate educationin orthopaedics and with research. The practice of theRoyal National Orthopaedic Hospital (both at the townsection in Great Portland Street, and at the countrysection at Stanmore) is open to postgraduates, who mayjoin at any time. In addition to'hospital practice, formalcourses of various lengths are held during academicterms. The next course will be held from April I 3 to I8,entitled 'Advanced Clinical Ortkopaedics.' Fee for thecourse (including lunch and tea), £7 7s. od. Earlyapplication to the Dean is advisable. Facilities for ad-vanced clinical work are available for selected candidateshaving a suitable scientific or surgical training.Further particulars may be obtained from the Dean,Institute of Orthopaedics, Royal National OrthopaedicHospital, 234 Great Portland Street, London, W.I.

INSITrUTE OF PSYCHIATRY(British Postgraduate Medical Federation)The Institute, which was formerly the MaudsleyHospital Medical School, is now associated with theJoint Bethlem Royal Hospital and Maudsley Hospital.It is concerned with postgraduate education in psychiatryand allied subjects, and with research. A course ofinstruction covering up to three years. and starting inOctober yearly, is provided for medical practitionerswho wish to specialize in psychiatry or to prepare torthe Diploma in Psychological Medicine.

April I953 Postgraduate News 229

Clinical instruction, which includes case conferences,seminars, and practical experience in case taking, isgiven at associated hospitals in the mornings, andsystematic lectures and demonstrations are arranged forthe afternoons. Students may also enrol for shorterperiods, or for single series of lectures.The subjects covered include anatorhy and biochemistryof the nervous system, neurophysiology, pathology ofnervous and mental diseases, psychiatry of children andadults, delinquency, principles of psychotherapy,forensic psychiatry and criminology, psychology, mentaltesting and statistics. There is a special six months'course in child psychiatry, comprising clinical instruc-tion and lectures, which starts on October i. Lectureson subjects of special interest are arranged from time totime. The tuition fee for a full year's course is£53 Ios. od., including enrolment fee. For shorterperiods the fee varies with the type of course chosen.Selected students are eligible for appointments on thestaff of the Joint Hospital.Facilities for research and supervision of study forhigher degrees can be provided in clinical work and inthe biochemical, physiological, neuropathological andpsychological laboratories.A course for Honours Graduates in Psychology is avail-able in clinical psychology for the Academic Post-graduate Diploma in Psychology. In conjunction withthe Institute of Neurology, a course in the techniques ofelectroencephalography is provided for doctors whoexpect to take up electroencephalographic appointmentsin hospitals.Further information may be obtained from the Dean,Institute of Psychiatry, Maudsley Hospital, Denma;kHill, London, S.E.5.INSTITUTE OF UROLOGY (St. Peter's andSt. Paul's & St. Philip's Hospitals) (BritishPostgraduate Medical Federation)A week-end course on 'The essentials of Urology ' willbe held on April 23,26, 1953. There will be a shortcourse on more advanced urology during June. Wednes-day.evening discussions will be held at 4.30 for 5 p.m.at St. Paul's Hospital as follows. Admission free.AprilI Dr. W. N. Mascall. Diagnosis and treatment of

gonorrhoea.8 Dr. J. J. Stevenson. X-rays.

x5 Dr. E. G. B. Calvert. Surgery and the diabetic.Applications should be addressed to the Secretary, Instituteof U[rology, St. Paul's Hospital, Endell Street, W.C.2.

POSTGRADUATE MEDICAL SCHOOL OFLONDON (British Postgraduate MedicalFederation)The Postgraduate Medical School of London (formerlythe British Postgraduate Medical School) is associatedwith the Hammersmith Hospital, Ducane Road, W.Iz.It has University Departments in Medicine, Surgery,Obstetrics and Gynaecology, and Pathology. TheDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynaecology togetherwith Queen Charlotte's and the Chelsea Hospitals, nowforms the Institute of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. Theteaching in the clinical departments, which is of anadvanced nature and based on ward work, is continuousand is supplemented by lectures during three ten-weeksessions starting in January, April and October. Suit-able students are encouraged to undertake researchwork. A course for the University Diploma in ClinicalPathology, lasting one year, is available for a limitednumber of selected students. This commences in

October. In anaesthetics, short practical courseslasting a fortnight, and longer periods of training for sixmonths, are provided. The Department of Radiologyof the Hospital provides courses for the Diplomas inMedical Radiology of the University and ConjointBoard. The fees vary from ,3 for one week to C6o fora year.For further inf6rmation application should be made to theDean, Postgraduate School of London, Ducane Road,W.12.

EAST HAM CHEST CLINICOut-patient teaching. Mondays and Thursdays at2.30 p.m.Apply Senior Registrar, East Ham Chest Clinic, KatherineRoad, Forest Gate, London, E.7.

LONDON SCHOOL OF HYGIENE ANDTROPICAL MEDICINE (University ofLondon)Courses of study are arranged for the C.P.H. andD.P.H. (London University); D.T.M. & H. (Eng.);and Academic Diploma in Bacteriology. Short coursesare arranged in the Principles of Medical Statistics andEpidemiology, Statistical Methods and their Applica-tion in Medicine, and Applied Helminthology.For further information and enrolment applications shouldbe addressed to the Secretary, London School of Hygieneand Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street Gower Street,London, W.C.I.

NORTH LONDON POSTGRADUATEMEDICAL INSTITUTECourses in advanced medicine, advanced surgery, andobstetrics and gynaecology. Instruction in pathology,anaesthetics and radiodiagnosis. Clinical instruction atBearsted Memorial Hospital, Chase Farm Hospital,North Middlesex ifospital, The Prince of Wales'sGeneral Hospital and St. Ann's General Hospital.During the coming academic year there will be eight-week courses in advanced medicine suitable for thosetaking the M.R.C.P. examination, and eight-wbekcourses in advanced surgery suitable for those takingthe F.R.C.S. examination, also two-week courses forthose taking the D.Obst.R.C.O.G. examination.For further information apply to the Dean, the Princeof Wales's General Hospital, London, N.sxs.PLAISTOW HOSPITAL CHEST UNITIn-patient round, every Thursday at 4.30 p.m.Apply, Registrar, Plaistow Hospital, Samson Street,Plaistow, London, E.13.ROYAL EYE HOSPITAL(King's College Group)A course of lectures and lecture-demonstrations will beheld as follows:April8 5.30 p.m. Dr. A. A. Guild. Mechanism and

appearances of papilloedema.10 4.30 p.m. Mr. A. . Cameron. Ophthalmic aspects

of hypertension and its treatment.13, 20, 27 and May 4. 5.I5 p.m. Dr. T. H. Whittington.

Science and art of refraction.i6 5.30 p.m. Miss J. M. Dollar. Problem of irido-

cyclitis and its investigation.17 4.30 p.m. Mr. A. _J. Cameron. Problem of -retinitis

pigmentosa.

230 POSTGRADUATE MEDICAL JOURNAL April 1953

29 5.30 p.m. Dr. A. A. Guild. Symptomatology andtreatment of cerebello-pontine angle tumours.

Further particulars obtainable on application to theSecretary, Royal Eye Hospital, St. George's Circus,London, S.E.I.

ST. STEPHEN'S HOSPITAL(Rheumatism Unit)Two concentrated week-end courses in the RheumaticDiseases are given each year, in March and in October,under the auspices of the Fellowship of PostgraduateMedicine.A limited number of postgraduates can attend the Out-patient sessions of the Unit on Wediiesday and Fridaymornings at IO a.m.Applications for attendance at these sessions should bemade to the Medical Registrar, Rheumatism Unit, St.Stephen's Hospital, Fulham Road, S.W. Io.

EMPIRE RHEUMATISM COUNCILLecture courses in rheumatic diseases are arrangedfor general practitioners and other postgraduatesperiodically.Particulars are obtainable .from the General Secretary,Empire Rheumatism Council, Tavistock House (N),Tavistock Square, London, W.C.I.

NATIONAL ASSOCIATION FORMENTAL HEALTHCourses on Educationally Subnormal Children andMental Defectives are organised by the Association inconjunction with the Extra-Mural Department of theUniversity of London. Courses will be held as follows:May 4 to 22 and October I2 to 30, 1953, at the Uni-versity of London Examination Hall, Imperial In-stitute Road, South Kensington.Applications for further information and enrolment shouldbe addressed to the Education Secretary, National Associa-tion for Mental Health, 39 Queen Anne Street, London,W.I.

ROYAL INSTITUTE OF PUBLIC HEALTHAND HYGIENEThe Royal Institute of Public Health and Hygiene con-ducts recognized courses of instruction (starting annuallyin March and October) for the examinations of theConjoint Board of the Royal College of Physicians ofLondon and the Royal College of Surgeons of Englandfor the Certificate in Public Health. These lead tocourses (beginning in January and August) for theD.P.H. and, similarly (in February and July), for theD.I.H. Students are also prepared for the D.I.H.examinations of the Society of Apothecaries of London.Any of the courses may be taken whole-time or part-time. They consist of both lectures and visits. Can-didates desiring a course for either the D.P.H., or theD.I.H. of the Conjoint Board, are required by them toproduce evidence of being in possession of a recognizedC.P.H. For the C.P.H., lectures are given by specialistson the various sociological aspects, and in the D.P.H.the practical work is carried out at a county borough.The D.I.H. entails visits to all types of factories and tocoal mines, etc. The next course for the C.P.H. willbegin on March 20, 1953.Prospectuses, enrolment forms and full particulars may beobtained from the Secretary, The Royal Institute ofPublic Health and Hygiene, 28 Portland Place, London,W.I. Telephone: Langham 273I/2.

TUBERCULOSIS EDUCATIONALINSTITUTERefresher courses will be held in 1953 as follows:London, April 14 to 17, in radiology; Paris, May Ii to19, to be arranged in collaboration with the ComniteNational de Defense contre la Tuberculose; Cam-bridge, September I to 4, in chemotherapy. Three-day clinical courses will be held as follows: CheshireJoint Sanatorium, Market Drayton, May 6, 7 and 8,and October 14, 15 and i6; King George V Hospital,Godalming, June I7, i8 and I9, and September 30,October I and 2.Further information may be obtained from.the Secretary,Tuberculosis Educational Institute, Tavistock House North,Tavistock Square, London, W.C.i.

BRISTOLMedical Postgraduate Department of theUniversity of BristolSession 1953-x954. Provided that there are sufficientapplicants the following postgraduate courses willprobably be arranged beginning in October, 1953.Course in Child Health. This will be whole-time andwill last for three months. Fee 2xI. The course will beunder the direction of the Head of the Dept. of ChildHealth in co-operation with the Depts. of PreventiveMedicine, Medicine, Surgery, Pathology, etc., and willinclude lectures, demonstrations, ward rounds andvisits to clinics and ancillary institutions. The Univer-sity does not itself grant a Diploma in Child Health.D,iploma in Psychological Medicine (D.P.M.,Bristol). (a) Part I. This will beginin October, 1953, andwill cover a period of two terms. It will include lecturesand demonstrations in special anatomy and physiology,pharmacology and applied psychology. Fee Izx.(b) Part II. This will be designed primarily for Part IIof the D.P.M. (Bristol) and will be held in the autumnand spring terms and part of the summer term, I953-54.It will consist of lectures and- demonstrations in theclinical aspects of adult and child psychiatry, mentaldeficiency and associated subjects. Fee C26 5s. Thecourse will be open to a limited number of physicianspractising in psychiatry, in addition to those preparingfor the D.P.M. (Bristol).Diploma in Public Health (Part I, C.P.H., Bristol).This is a part-time course extending over one academicyear. The course begins in October and the examinationfor the C.P.H. is held in the following June. Fee,£3I Ios. od.. Candidates will be permitted to engagein part-time employment of their own choice, for whichapproval of the University must be sought, or if theywish, they may be considered for appointment to a fewselected vacancies within the City of Bristol which havebeen made available for suitable candidates, Allcandidates will be required to devote to the courseapproximately four half-day periods of from 3 to 31hours each (9 a.m. to I2.30 p.m., or 2 to 5 p.m.) everyweek throughout the whole course. The actual numberof sessions for any one week will vary according to pro-gramme, but will rarely be less than three and seldommore than five, i.e. If to 2z days of the working week.In order that the number of sessions may be maintainedat a fairly even level each week, it is not intended toobserve University terms. Public holidays will be keptand short breaks at Christmas, Easter and Whitsunwill occur.Courses in Medical Radiology. The diplomasgranted by the University have been discontinued. Itmay occasionally be possible to arrange tuition for thosewishing to prepare for the Diplomas (D.M.R.D. orD.M.R.T.) of the Conjoint Board.

April 1953 Postgraduate News 231

Further information, copies of regulations for the BristolDiploma and application forms for the courses may beobtained from the Director of Medical PostgraduateStudies, The University, Bristol 8.

CAMBRIDGECambridge University Medical SchoolSummary of postgraduate facilities for general prac-titioners from October I, 1952, to July 28, 1953. AtAddenbrooke's Hospital, unless otherwise stated.First week in each month. Monday: Abnormalante-natal clinic, 10. 3 a.m. (Miss J. Bottomley),Maternity Hospital; Diagnosis and treatment of cancer,2.30 p.m. (Prof. J. S. Mitchell). Tuesday: Medicalward round, I0.3O a.m. (Dr. L. B. Cole); Psychiatry,2 p.m. (Dr. R. A. Noble). Thursday: Medical wardround, 10.30 a.m. (Dr. L. B. Cole); Cardiac clinic,2.15 p.m. (Dr. L. B. Cole); Orthopaedic cases, 2.30p.m. (Mr. T. J. Fairbank). Friday: Chest diseases,2 p.m. (Dr. W. Paton Phillip and Mr. C. Parish), TheClinic, Shire Hall, Castle Hill. Saturday: Medicalward round, 10.3O a.m. (Dr. L. B. Cole); Ophthalmiccases, I0.3O a.m. (Mr. E. G. Recordon).Second week in each month. Monday: V.D.clinical demonstration, 2.30 p.m. (Dr. S. M. Laird);Medical cases, 2.30 p.m. (Dr. L. C. Martin). Tuesday:Medicalward round, Io.3oa.m. (Dr. L. B. Cole); Radio-diagnosis, 2.30 p.m. (Dr. B. Donnelly). Wednesday:Dermatological clinic, 2.30 p.m. (Dr. C. H. Whittle).Thursday: Medical ward round, I0.3o a.m. (Dr. L. B.Cole); Plastic surgery clinic, 9.30 a.m. (Mr. L. M.Rouillard); General surgery, 2 p.m. (Mr. P. H. R.Ghey); Cardiac clinic, 2.15 p.m. (Dr. L. B. Cole).Friday: Medical cases, 2.30 p.m. (Dr. A. P. Dick).Saturday: Medical ward round, 10.3o a.m. (Dr. L. B.Cole).Third week in each month. Monday: Surgicalcases, 2 p.m. (Mr. B. McN. Truscott). Tuesday:Gynaecological cases, 9.30 a.m. (Mr. O. Lloyd);Medical ward round, I0.30 a.m. (Dr. L. B. Cole);Clinical psychiatry, 3 p.m. (Dr. E. Beresford Davies).Wednesday: General surgery, 10.30 a.m. (Mr. V. C.Pennell); Radiological demonstration, 2.30 p.m. (Dr.F. R. Berridge); Clini.o-pathological conference, 5 p.m.(Dr. A. M. Barrett), Lecture Theatre, Dept. ofPathology, Tennis Court Road. Thursday: Medicalward round, 10.3o a.m. (Dr. L. B. Cole); E.N.T.cases, 10.30 a.m. (Mr. A. S. H. Walford); Cardiacclinic, 2.15 p.m. (Dr. L. B. Cole). Friday: Paediatriccases, 2.I5 p.m. (Dr. D. M. T. Gairdner). Saturday:Medical ward round, I0.30 a.m. (Dr. L. B. Cole).Fourth week in each month. Monday: Ophthalmiccases, io a.m. (Mr. G. F. Wright). Tuesday: Medicalward round, Io.3o a.m. (Dr. L. B. Cole); Demonstra-tion of cases and methods of physical medicine, 2.15p.m. (Dr. W. A. Fell). Wednesday: E.N.T. cases,2 p.m. (Mr. K. F. Wilsdon). Thursday: Medicalward round, 10.3O a.m. (Dr. L. B. Cole); Cardiacclinic, 2.15 p.m. (Dr. L. B. Cole); Orthopaedic cases,2.30 p.m. (Mr. R. W. Butler). Friday: Haematologicalclinic, io a.m. Saturday: Medical ward round, 10.30a.m. (Dr. L. B. Cole).·The following one-day symposia wiU be held onSaturdays from 10.3O a.m. to 5 p.m. Each symposiumwill consist of three to five lectures or lecture-discussions,and demonstrations either of clinical cases or to illustratemodern methods; the subject matter and clinical materialwill be chosen for its special appeal to general practi-tioners. April 25, Cardiovascular diseases. May 30,Common fevers. June 27, Diseases of the E.N.T.;Diseases of the eye. July I8, Paediatrics.

Detailed timetables will be available on application to theSecretary, Cambridge University Medical School, TennisCourt Road, Cambridge.

CARDIFFThe Welsh National. School of MedicineC.P.H. Wales (Certificate in Public Health). Threemonths' full-time course, October to December.D.P.H. Wales (Diploma in Public Health). Twelvemonths' part-time course, January to December.T.D.D. Wales (Tuberculous Diseases Diploma).Five to six months' full-time course, January to June.D.M.R.D.Eng. (Diploma in Medical Radio-diagnosis). Eighteen months' full-time course fromOctober.The number of admissions to each of the above courses isstrictly limited, and early application should be made totte Secretary, The Welsh National School of Medicine,34 Newport Road, Cardiff.

DUBLINUniversity CollegeThe following courses will be held during the session1952-53:-C.P.H. Course and examination. Michaelmas Term.D.P.H. Course. Hilary and Trinity Terms.

Examinations. Summer Term.D.P.M. Course and examination. Michaelmas Term.D.C.H. Course and examination. Hilary Term.Further particulars may be obtained on application to theRegistrar, University College, Earlsfort Terrace, Dublin.

EDINBURGHEdinburgh Postgraduate Board of MedicineGeneral Surgery. A three months' course of post-graduate surgery is arranged to start on March 23 andSeptember 28, I1953. It is suitable for surgeons requiringa refresher course in the current outlook on generalsurgery, or for graduates preparing to specialize insurgery; approximately 275 hours of instruction areprovided. Fee £3I ios. od.Internal Medicine. A course lasting I z weeks, suitablefor graduates wishing a refresher course, or to special-ize in medicine, begins on March 30 and September 28,1953. These courses consist of 320 hours' instruction,comprising lectures, clinical demonstrations and wardvisits. Fee 3 I ios. od. Additional instruction inclinical paediatrics is arranged in conjunction with thecourse in medicine, for which there is a small fee; thenumbers are limited.Medical Sciences. A three months' course in appliedanatomy, physiology, pathology, bacteriology and bio-chemistry will begin on June 29, I953. This course issuitable for postgraduates wishing to take the PrimaryFeUllwship Examination, as a final preparation in thesesubjects. Considerable basic knowledge is highly desir-able prior to taking this course. Fee C3x Ios. od.A ten weeks' course in the Basic Sciences has beenorganized by the Royal College of Surgeons of Edin-burgh under the aegis of this Board. This course willstart on April 6, 1953. Fee £26 5s. od.Applications for enrolment should be addressed to Directorof Postgraduate Studies, Surgeons' Hall, Edinburgh, 8,supplying particulars of qualifications and postgraduateexperience.

232 POSTGRADUATE MEDICAL JOURNAL April I953

Royal Medical SocietyWThe meetings of the Society are held in the Society'sHall on Friday evenings during the Autumn and SpringTerms. Meetings consist of Private Business (at 7 p.m.)and Public Business (at 8 p.m.) in which dissertationsby members or addresses by prominent medical men onsubjects of medical interest are given. Clinical meetingsare held periodically in the Royal Infirmary and filmshows of the latest medical films are given in the Society'sRooms. Prospective members will be welcomed on anyFriday evening in the Society's Hall before publicbusiness.Applications for further information should be' addressedto the Secretary, Royal Medical Society, 7 MelbournePlace, Edinburgh, I.

GLASGOWFaculty of HomoeopathyA three months' introductory course of lectures andclinical teaching in homoeotherapeutics for registeredmedical practitioners will be held weekly, beginningMarch 4 at 6 p.m. in the Glasgow HomoeopathicHospital Dispensary, 5 Lynedoch Crescent, Glasgow,C.3. Further instruction for those intending to sit theexamination for the Diploma of Membership of theFaculty of Homoeopathy (M.F.Hom.) is also available.Particulars may be obtained from the Superintendent,Glasgow Homoeopathic Hospital, Iooo Great WesternRoad, Glasgow, W.2.

LIVERPOOL University of LiverpoolThe following postgraduate courses of instruction areoffered-Surgery. A full-time course of one year suitable forcandidates who have already completed the PrimaryExamination of the F.R.C.S., or undertaken post-graduate study in anatomy and physiology. On com-pletion of the course students become eligible to takethe Mastership of Surgery (Ch.M.) of this Universityprovided they are gradOdates of an approved Universityor otherwise comply with the regulations. The fee forthe course is 60o. The course begins in September.Orthopaedic Surgery. A full-time ix-month courseleading by examinatiofi to a Mastership in OrthopaedicSurgery (M.Ch.Orth.) open to all medical graduates ofapproved Universities (and to graduates in otherfaculties with qualifications in medicine) who hold anF.R.C.S. of one of the British colleges or its equivalent.The fee for the whole course is C70. The coursenormally begins in January.Radiology. A full-time cotirse of two academicyears leading to a D.M.R. (D. or T.) open to medicalgraduates of approved Universities and to medicallyqualified candidates who hold approved higher medicaldiplomas and a degree in a faculty other than medicine.The fee for the full twQ-year course is ;63. The coursebegins in October. The degree of M.Rad. may, afterreport by the Faculty, be conferred on holders of theD.M.R. (D. or T.) of this University under certainconditions.Public Health. A full-time one-year course leading tothe Diploma in Public Health, open to candidates witha medical qualification from an approved medical schoolor licensing body. The fee is C6o, All courses of in-struction begin in October.

Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. A full-time four-month course leading to the Diploma in TropicalMedicine and Hygiene (D.T.M. & H.) open to candi-dates with a medical qualification from an approvedmedical school or licensing body. The course begins inSeptember and January. Fee ,44.Anaesthesia. A full-time course of post-graduateinstruction, limited to ten students, begins on October Iand lasts for one year. The course combines instructionin the practical administration of anaesthetics with lec-tures and demonstrations in anatomy (including dis-section), physiology, pathology, physics, pharmacologymedicine and surgery, and anaesthesia. For the purposeof gaining practical experience, the students are foundsuitable appointments in recognised General Hospitalswithin the Liverpool area. The fee for the course is C6o.Applications for further information should be addressedto the Dean, Faculty of Medicine, The University,Liverpoo! 3.

M4NCHESTER University of ManchesterThe Michaelmas Term began on October 2nd, andpostgraduate courses will be held during the sessionsuitable for the D.P.H., D.P.M., and D.Bact.For further information applications should be addressedto the Dean ofPostgraduate Medical Studies, University ofManchester, Manchester, 13.OXFORDPostgraduate Medical Education, UnitedOxford HospitalsSummary of ward rounds, clinics, demonstrations, etc.,open to general practitioners from September I952'toJuly 1953.Medicine, ward rounds, Mondays, Tuesdays, Wednes-days, Thursdays and Fridays, Io.IS a.m., Radcliffe In-firmary. Medical Concilia, Wednesdays, 5 p.m.(alternate. weeks), Radcliffe Infirmary. Clinical demon-strations, Thursdays, 2.I5 p.m., Radcliffe Infirmary.Clinico-pathology, conferences, Wednesdays, 5 p.m.,Maternity Lecture.Theatre, Radcliffe Infirmary (alternateweeks in full term). Chest Diseases, clinical demon-strations, Mondays, Wednesday and Fridays, 2 and 3p.m., Osler Pavilion. Tuberculosis, ward rounds,Fridays, 2 p.m., Osler Pavilion. Paediatrics, clinicaldemonstrations, Saturdays, IO.3o a.m., Radcliffe In-firmary; out-patients, Thursdays, 2 p.m., RadcliffeInfirmary. Child Welfare, clinics (City) day and timeby arrangement with Dr. Mary Fisher. InfectiousDiseases, clinical demonstrations, day and time byarrangement with Dr. Warin, Slade Isolation Hospital.Psychiatry, clinical demonstrations, Fridays, 4 p.m.,Park Hospital. Geriatrics, clinical demonstrations,Monday, 2.x5 p.m., Cowley Road Hospital. Neurology(medical and surgery), out-patients, Tuesdays andWednesdays, 2 p.m., Radcliffe Infirmary. Clinicaldemonst,ations, Thursdays, 5 p.m., Radcliffe Infirmary.Venereal Diseases, out-patients, Mondays, 6 p.m.,and Wednesdays, 2.30 and 5.30 p.m., and Saturdays,2.15 p.m., Radcliffe Infirmary. Skin Diseases, out-patients, Mondays and Fridays, 2 p.m., Radcliffe In-firmary. Surgery, accident service, daily, 10.30a.m., Radcliffe Infirmary. Ward rounds, Mondays andFridays, 9.3o a.m., Radcliffe Infirmary, Tuesdays, 9.30a.m., Churchill Hospital. Clinical demonstrations,Tuesdays, 4.30 p.m., Radcliffe Infirmary. PlasticSurgery, out-patients and clinical demonstrations,Fridays, 2 p.m., Churchill Hospital. OrthopaedicSurgery, clinical demonstrations, Thursdays andSaturdays, 9 -a.m., Wingfield-Morris Hospital. Ob-