IV. Penelitian UHI
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Transcript of IV. Penelitian UHI
1/13/2013
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Teknologi Penginderaan Jauh
untuk Kajian Urban Heat Land
RokhmatulohDepartment of Geography, University of Indonesia
7 Januari 2013
UHI (Urban Heat Island)
� UHI: Daerah-daerah tertentu
di perkotaan yang memiliki
suhu lebih tinggi dari daerah
sekitarnya/pedesaan,
� Pembangunan di perkotaan
membuat tutupan vegetasi
berkurang dan menambah
permukaan penyerap panas
(mis: atap bangunan, gedung-
gedung dan tutupan
beton/aspal),
� Panas juga muncul dari hasil
pembakaran bahan bakar
fosil dan penggunaan AC,
(Source: EPA, 2008)
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Source: Global Warming - The Greatest Threat © 2006 Deborah L. Williams
(Source:Voogt & Oke, 2003)
Proses Terjadinya UHI
Source: Global Warming - The Greatest Threat © 2006 Deborah L. Williams
(Source:Voogt & Oke, 2003)
Faktor yang mempengaruhi UHI
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UHI (Urban Heat Island)
� RTH (Ruang Terbuka
Hijau) memiliki peran
penting terhadap
munculnya UHI,
pengurangan 50% RTH
menyebabkan
peningkatan suhu udara
antara 0,4° hingga 1,8°C (Effendi, 2007),
Perbedaan Suhu Permukaan dan Suhu Udara
(Source: Spronken-Smith and Oke,1998)
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Suhu Permukaan dan Suhu Udara
Suhu dan Kelembaban Rata-rata
Jakarta
Sumber: BMG Balai Wilayah II Jakarta, 2006
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Suhu Rata-rata Jakarta
annuall mean temperature
27
27.2
27.4
27.6
27.8
28
28.2
28.4
28.6
1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002
2122
232425
2627
2829
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
No.of station
Tem
per
atu
re m
inim
a
1980-1990
1990-2000
2000-2007
1.8
1.4
1.1
0.7
0.4
0
-0.4
-0.7
-1.1Glo
ba
l Te
mp
era
ture
Ch
an
ge
(d
eg
F)
Year
1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000
380
360
340
320
300
CO
2C
on
cen
tratio
n (p
pm
)
1000 Years of CO2
and
Global Temperature Change
Temperature
CO2
CO2: Most Significant Greenhouse PollutantCO2: Most Significant Greenhouse Pollutant
CO2
CH4
Humans have increased carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere by more
than 37% since the Industrial Revolution (NOAA 2008)
Source: Global Warming - The Greatest Threat © 2006 Deborah L. Williams
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Courtesy of Woods Hole Research Center
Natural factors only Human factors only
Temperature Rising EstimationTemperature Rising Estimation
Source: Susandi, 2006
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Change in Annual Temperature
Change in mean annual temperature from the average 1961-
90 climate in deg Celsius (Source: Hulme and Sheard, 1999)
Penginderaan Jauh
(Source; Jensen, 1996)
• Ilmu dan seni untuk
memperoleh informasi tentang
obyek atau fenomena tanpa
kontak langsung.
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Spektrum Gelombang Elektromagnetik
Rentang GEM untukPenginderaan Jauh
DigitalDigital
FeedFeed--ArrayArray
DBF-SAR with Reflector AntennasPerekaman Data Penginderaan Jauh
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Platform untuk Penginderaan Jauh Thermal
(Source:Voogt, 2012)
Instrumen Penginderaan Jauh
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MODISMODISASTERASTER (TIR)(TIR)ASTERASTER (SWIR)(SWIR)ASTERASTER (VNIR)(VNIR)
MISRMISRMOPITTMOPITT
CERESCERES
ASTER
Advanced Spaceborne Thermal
Emission and Reflection
Radiometer
Sensor ASTER pada Satelit Terra
SatelitSatelit ObservasiObservasi SumberSumber DayaDaya BumiBumi padapada PeriodePeriode 1997 1997 -- 20032003
JumlahJumlah Band Band dandan Range Range PanjangPanjang GelombangGelombang
padapada ASTERASTER
Area Coverage= 60 km, Jumlah band= 14
Sumber: http//asterweb.jpl.nasa.gov
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(Source: Kelompok Studi Geografi, 2011)
Suhu Permukaan
(Source: Tursilowati, et al., 2012)
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Perubahan Tutupan Lahan
Perubahan
Tutupan Lahan
Jakarta
1976 - 2004
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Small things to avoid doubling CO2
Conservation Measures:
� Plant trees
� Conserve energy:
(examples: 1. use low-energy, low-water-use washing machines, 2. use a solar heated system for hot water, 3. use an electric or push mower for gasoline powered mower)
� Buy energy efficient products
� Buy products that have reusable or recyclable packaging
� Reduce use of car (walk & mass rapid transport instead)
� Recycle as much as you can
REDD+ (Reducing Carbon Emission)
� Indonesia’s forest land comprises
60 % of the country’s land area.
� Indonesia has voluntarily
committed to reduce its
emissions by 26% .
� Indonesia has set up 40 REDD+
projects (as per September 2011).
(Source: http://www.redd-indonesia.org)Source: mongabay.com
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Indonesia’s Forest Moratorium
� Launched in 2011, as a stepping stone to better forest governance by stopping any activity of forest
conversion and logging for a certain period of time,
� A commitment of Indonesian Government to reduce greenhouse gas emission by 26 %.
Source: Mongabay.co.id
Area of Moratorium
Source: Bappenas, 2009
Carbon emission from peatland
in Indonesia
Photo © Gary Braasch
Cataclysmic Consequences: InundationCataclysmic Consequences: Inundation
Bangladesh
Photo courtesy ourbangla.com
Source: wildwildweather.com
IPCC: Greenland would
induce about a 2 cm rise
in sea level
� Sea level has increased 3.1 mm/year
from 1993 - 2003 (IPCC, 2007)