It’s Timefor

"Open Access” Part II

溫達茂知識資源中心知識長

飛資得資訊股份有限公司

2010年 11月 11日

An Introduction to

OAI-PMH and OAI-ORE

It’s Timefor

"Open Access” Part II

溫達茂知識資源中心知識長

飛資得資訊股份有限公司

2010年 11月 11日

An Introduction to

OAI-PMH and OAI-ORE

Open Access

• Is that a “GrandPa” issue?

• Still a hot topic we need to concern?

• Dimensions of Open Access related issues completely and comprehensively covered?

What Are These?

• Budapest Open Access initiative vs. Open Archive Initiative– What is the difference, anyway?

• Approach to achieving Open Access?– Green Road– Golden Road.– What is the difference, anyway?

• Current OAI Project:– OAI-PMH– OAI-ORE

Budapest Open Access initiative

• The Budapest Open Access Initiative (BOAI) was a conference convened by the Open Society Institute on December 1-2, 2001.

• "An old tradition and a new technology have converged to make possible an unprecedented public good."  – The old tradition is academic scholars giving away the

results of their research. Faculty at universities are paid by universities and/or funding agencies to produce research; disseminating the results in peer reviewed venues is an expectation. Journals do not buy the articles from the authors or pay royalties on sales.

– The new technology is the Internet. Together, these have made it possible from everyone in the world to share knowledge freely and openly.

Open Access (Publishing)

• Open access (OA) describes the public's unrestricted online access to articles published in scholarly journals.

• Open Access comes in two forms, Gratis versus Libre: – The ambiguity of "free" can cause issues where the

distinction is important, as it often is in dealing with laws concerning the use of information, such as copyright and patents.

– (Gratis versus libre is the distinction between two meanings of the English word "free"; namely, "for zero price" (gratis) and "with few or no restrictions" (libre).

– Gratis OA is no-cost online access,– Libre OA offers some additional usage rights

Dimension of OA

• Type of Open Access

• Timing and Quality:

Type of OA

• OA can be delivered in two ways: – 'green': the author can self-archive at the time of

submission of the publication (the 'green' route) whether the publication is grey literature (usually internal non-peer-reviewed), a peer-reviewed journal publication, a peer-reviewed conference proceedings paper or a monograph

• The 'green' route makes publications available freely in parallel with any publication system but is not, itself, publishing.

– 'gold': the author or author institution can pay a fee to the publisher at publication time, the publisher thereafter making the material available 'free' at the point of access (the 'gold' route). The two are not, of course, incompatible and can co-exist.

• The 'gold' route is one example of electronic publishing. At present it is much more common to have non-OA electronic access to publications in a publisher's database for a subscription fee

Timing and Quality

• preprints are pre-peer-review articles,

• postprints are post-peer-review and post-publication articles while

• eprints can be either but in electronic form.

SHERPA

SHERPA(Services & Projects)

SHERPA(Services & Projects)

• RoMEO - Publisher's copyright & archiving policies

• JULIET - Research funders archiving mandates and guidelines

• OpenDOAR worldwide Directory of Open Access Repositories

• SHERPA Search - simple full-text search of UK repositories

SHERPA/RoMEOPublisher copyright policies & self archiving

American Diabetes Association (Blue)

SHERPA/RoMEOPublisher copyright policies & self archiving

• Self Archiving -- – Author’s Personal Website– Author’s Institution Website (Repositories)

• Institution Repositories -- Ranking Web of World Universities

SHERPA(Services & Projects)

• RoMEO - Publisher's copyright & archiving policies

• JULIET - Research funders archiving mandates and guidelines

• OpenDOAR worldwide Directory of Open Access Repositories

• SHERPA Search - simple full-text search of UK repositories

Research Funders’ Open Access Policies• Self-archiving:

– Whether to archive:• Deposit required: to be made available free of charge without any access

restrictions – What to archive:

• The full final version: the published version or the author's final peer-reviewed version

– When to archive:• When accepted for publication: although toleration of publishers' embargos

negates this • Open Access Publishing:

– As an alternative to archiving, some funders accept publication of articles in Open Access journals or in hybrid journals, which may require an additional payment to the publisher for the article to be made Open Access immediately on the date of publication.

• Data Archiving Policies:– Funding organisations are also increasingly requiring grantees to deposit their

raw research data in appropriate public archives or stores, in order to facilitate the validation of results and further work by other researchers.

– Data archiving is required. – Data must be deposited within five years.

SHERPA/JULIETResearch Funders’ Open Access Policies

OpenDOAR -- Directory of Open Access Repositories

Dryad: National Evolutionary Synthesis Center

Data ArchivingData Library

Data Librarian

OAI-PMH

OAI-ORE

OAI -- Open Archives Initiative

• The Open Archives Initiative (OAI) is an attempt to build a "low-barrier interoperability framework" for archives (institutional repositories) containing digital content (digital libraries). It allows people (Service Providers) to harvest metadata (from Data Providers). This metadata is used to provide "value-added services", often by combining different data sets.

• It is specifically to enhance access to e-print archives, in order to increase the availability of scholarly communication

Protocol

• Open Archives Metadata Harvesting Protocol

– Define a mechanism for data providers to expose their metadata through an HTTP-based protocol

– Define a mechanism for harvesting records containing metadata from repository

Protocol Verbs

• Identify

• ListMetadataFormat

• ListSets

• ListIdentifiers

• ListRecords

• GetRecord

DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journal

DOAJ

OAI-PMH

OAI-PMH (Identify)http://www.doaj.org/oai?verb=Identify

OAI-PMH ListmetadataFormathttp://www.doaj.org/oai?verb=ListMetadataFormats

OAI-PMH ListSetshttp://www.doaj.org/oai?verb=ListSets

OAI-PMH ListRecordshttp://www.doaj.org/oai?

verb=ListRecords&metadataPrefix=oai_dc

OAI-PMH ResumptionTokenhttp://www.doaj.org/oai?

verb=ListRecords&resumptionToken=!!!oai_dc!100

OAI-PMH ResumptionTokehttp://www.doaj.org/oai?

verb=ListRecords&resumptionToken=!!!oai_dc!200

OAI-PMH DateStamphttp://www.doaj.org/oai?verb=ListRecords&from=2008-01-

01&until=2009-02-25&metadataPrefix=oai_dc

OAI-PMH Data Providers List

OAI -- Repository Explorer

R e g i s t e r e d   D a t a   P r o v i d e r s

What’s the difference among these protocols

• Z39.50 -- ZING-SRU

• OpenURL

• OAI-PMH

OAI Protocol as Compared to Z39.50

Z39.50 OAI

Content (Objects) Distributed Distributed

World View Bibliographic Bibliographic

Object Presentation Data provider Data provider

Searching is Distributed Centralized

Search done by Data provider Service provider

Metadata searched is

Up to date Stale

Semantic Mapping When searching Metadata delivery

OAI-PMH

OAI-OREOAI-Object Reuse and Exchange

OAI-OREOAI-Object Reuse and Exchange

Background

• Open -- Accessible• Diversity of the Objects

– Type of the Objects– Type of the holding institutions

• Why can’t we enhance the use of the “Open Access”?– Aggregation of the resources, thesis, journal articles,

audio and video files– Cross over the boundaries of the holding institutions

Overview

• Stands for ‘Object Reuse and Exchange’• Falls within the remit of the Open Archives

Initiative, the creators of OAI-PMH• OAI-ORE is NOT a replacement for OAI-PMH• OAI-PMH will continue to exist as one approach

to interoperability– OAI-PMH metadata-centric

• OAI-ORE will complement with richer functionality, when this is desirable – OAI-ORE is resource centric

ORE Objectives

• Develop, identify, and profile extensible standards and protocols to allow repositories, agents, and services to– interoperate in the context of use – reuse of compound digital objects beyond

the boundaries of the holding repositories.

Examples

• arXiv paper with different disseminations

• an issue of an overlay journal built from distributed ePrints

• eScience publication combining text, data, simulations

• eHumanities resource combining primary and derived content

An Example

URI

Requirements for Resource Maps

• ore:describes– referring to the aggregation resource

• dcterms:creator–MUST be a reference to a Resource of type

http://purl.org/dc/terms/Agent–and be a human (???)

• dcterms:modified– referring to when the RM was last updated

Some potential features for Aggregations

• ore:aggregates– referring to resources that make up the

aggregation

• rdf:type–no defined vocabulary–expected to use vocabularies other

(reputable?) bodies develop (e.g., DCMI Type)

Possible ReM for digitized book

Diagram by Tim Cole, UIUC

Possible ReM for annotation of a text

11/19/2008DLP Brown Bag Series Fall 2008

Diagram by Tim Cole, UIUC

11/19/2008DLP Brown Bag Series Fall 2008

Possible ReM for data and published paper based on it

Diagram by Tim DiLauro, Johns Hopkins

Here Comes ReallyUgly Stuff

OAI-ORE in RDF

OAI-ORE in Atom

ImpactOAI-PMH & OAI-ORE

• Open, it’s open. It’s open access

• Harvesting -- You can get it back home

• Interoperability– Aggregate– Integrate

• Reuse– Each object as a resource– Each object has its own

naming pointer (URI)– Aggregate the resources in

a R.M.– R.M. in a RDF (XML)

• Semantic Web

Don’t you thinkit’s pretty much like something long

time ago we have been taught?

PathFinder