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Transcript of ITC Angga Febrian Sahid - 13771 - Ilkom IUP
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Discovering Computers 2011|Operating System And Utility Programs
Angga Febrian Sahid |Computer Science-IUP | Universitas Gadjah Mada
1
Information Technology Contemporary
Angga Febrian Sahid - 11/315564/PA/13771
Computer Science - IUP
Lecturer: Dr. Azhari M.T.Universitas Gadjah Mada
CHAPTER: 8
Source book:Discovering Computers 2011Living in a Digital World
Gary B. ShellyMisty E. Vermaat
A part of Course Technology, Cengage Learning
Contributing Author
Australia • Brazil • Japan • Korea • Mexico • Singapore • Spain • United Kingdom • United States
Operating System and Utility Programs
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Discovering Computers 2011|Operating System And Utility Programs
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Operating System and Utility Programs
System software consists of the programs that control or maintain the operations of the
computer and its devices. There are 2 kind of system software there are Operating system andutility program.
8.1 Operating System
An operating system (OS) is a set of programs containing
instructions that work together to coordinate all the activities
among computer hardware resources. We can see the scheme
picture in the left for the function or position an operating system
in a computer. There are some function of operating system such
as, booting, provide a user interface, Start and shut down a
computer, Provide a user interface, Manage programs, Manage
memory, Coordinate tasks, Configure devices, Establish an Internet
connection, Monitor performance, Provide
utilities, Automatically update itself . Those
are a few function of operating system.
Manage program, how an operating
system handle some program is can
directly affects your productivity. Its can
depend to the kind of operating system, is
it a multi-tasking operating system or not.
What is multi tasking? Multi tasking is a
function that can make an operating
system running a few programs in same
time.
Many of the first operating systems were device dependent and proprietary. A
device dependent program is one that runs only on a specific type or make of computer.
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Proprietary software is privately owned and limited to a specific vendor or computer model.
Some operating systems still are device dependent. The trend today, however, is toward
device-independent operating systems that run on computers provided by a variety of
manufacturers. The advantage of device independent operating systems is you can retain
existing application soft ware and data files even if you change computer models or
vendors.
a. Stand-Alone Operating system
A stand-alone
operating system is
a complete
operating system
that works on a
desktop computer,
notebook
computer, or mobile computing device. Some stand-alone operating systems
are called client operating systems because they also work in conjunction
with a server operating system. Client operating systems can operate with orwithout a network. Other stand-alone operating systems include networking
capabilities, allowing the home and small business user to set up a small
network. Examples of currently used stand-alone operating systems are
Windows 7, Mac OS X, UNIX, and Linux. The following pages briefly discuss
these operating systems.
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There is a few Description about one of stand-alone operating system.
1. Mac OS
Since it was released in
1984 with Macintosh
computers, Apple’s Macintosh
operating system has set the
standard for operating system
ease of use and has been the
model for most of the new GUIs
developed for non-Macintosh
systems. The latest version, Mac OS X, is amulti tasking operating system
available only for computers manufactured by Apple .Mac OS X includes
features from previous versions of the Macintosh operating system such as
large photo-quality icons, built-in networking support, e-mail, chat, online
shopping, enhanced speech recognition, optical disc burning, and enhanced
multimedia capabilities.
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2. Windows 7
In the mid-1980s, Microsoft developed its first version of
Windows, which provided a graphical user interface (GUI). Since then,
Microsoft continually has updated its Windows operating system,
incorporating innovative features and functions with each subsequent
version windows 7 is Microsoft’s fastest, most efficient operating system
to date, offering
quicker program start
up, built-in
diagnostics, automatic
recovery, improved
security, enhanced
searching and
organizing capabilities,
and easy to use
interface.
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3. LINUX
Linux is one of the faster growing operating systems. Linux
(pronounced LINN-uks), introduced in 1991, is a popular, multitasking
UNIXtype operating system. In addition to the basic
operating system, Linux also includes many free
programming languages and utility programs. Linux
is not proprietary software like the operating
systems discussed thus far. Instead, Linux is open
source software, which means its code is provided
for use, modification, a redistribution. It has no
restrictions from the copyright holder regarding
modification of the software’s internal instructions
and redistribution of the software. Many
programmers have donated time to modify and
redistribute Linux to make it the best possible version of UNIX. Promoters
of open source software state two main advantages: users who modify
the software share their improvements with others, and customers can
personalize the software to meet their needs. Read Ethics & Issues 8-2for a related discussion. Linux is available in a variety of forms, known as
distributions. Some distributions of Linux are command-line. Others are
GUI
b. Server Operating System
A server operating system is an operating system that is designed
specifically to support a network. A server operating system typically resides
on a server. The client computers on the network rely on the server(s) forresources. Many of the stand-alone operating systems discussed in the
previous section function as clients and work in conjunction with a server
operating system. Some of these stand-alone operating systems do include
networking this distribution of Linux has a graphical user interface.
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Capability; however, server operating systems are designed specifically to
support all sizes of networks, including medium- to large-sized businesses
and Web servers. Examples of server operating systems include Windows
Server 2008, UNIX, Linux, Solaris, and NetWare.
c. Embedded Operating system
An embedded operating system is an operating system for embedded
computer systems. These operating systems are designed to be compact,
efficient, and reliable, forsaking many functions that non-embedded
computer operating systems provide, and which may not be used by the
specialized applications they run. An important difference between most
embedded operating systems and desktop operating systems is that the
application, including the operating system, is usually statically linked
together into a single executable image. Unlike a desktop operating system,
the embedded operating system does not load and execute applications. This
means that the system is only able to run a single application. Kind of
Embedded Operating System is Windows, Embedded CE, Windows, Mobile,
Palm OS, iPhone OS, BlackBerry, Google Android, Embedded Linux, Symbian
OS,
8.2 Utility Program
A utility program, also called a utility, is a type of system software that allows a user
to perform maintenance-type tasks, usually related to managing a computer, its devices, or
its programs. Most operating systems include several built-in utility programs. Users often
buy stand-alone utilities, however, because they offer improvements over those included
with the operating system. Functions provided by utility programs include the following:
managing files, searching for files, viewing images, uninstalling programs, cleaning up disks,
defragmenting disks, backing up files and disks, setting up screen savers, securing a
computer from unauthorized access, protecting against viruses, removing spyware and
adware, filtering Internet content, compressing files, playing media files, burning optical
discs, and maintaining a personal computer.
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1. File Manager
A file manager is a utility that performs functions related to file management.
Some of the file management functions that a file manager performs are displaying a list
of files on a storage medium organizing files in folders; copying, renaming, deleting,
moving, and sorting files and folders; and creating shortcuts. A folder is a specific named
location on a storage medium that contains related documents. A shortcut is an icon on
the desktop or in a folder that provides a user with immediate access to a program or
file.
2. Search Utility
A search utility is a program that attempts to locate a file on your computer
based on criteria you specify. The criteria could be a word or words contained in a file,
date the file was created or modified, size of the file, location of the file, file name,
author/ artist, and other similar properties. Search utilities can look through documents,
photos, music, and other files on your computer and/ or on the Internet, combining
search results in a single location.
3. Uninstaller
An uninstaller is a utility that removes a program, as well as any associated
entries in the system files. When you install a program, the operating system records
the information it uses to run the software in the system files. The uninstaller deletes
files and folders from the hard disk, as well as removes program entries from the system
files. Operating systems usually provide an uninstaller.
4. Disk Cleanup
A disk cleanup utility searches for and removes sunnecessary files. Unnecessary
files may include downloaded program files, temporary Internet files, deleted files, and
unused program files. Operating systems, such as Windows, include a disk cleanup
utility.
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5. Disk Defragmenter
A disk defragmenter is a
utility that reorganizes the files
and unused space on a
computer’s hard disk so that the
operating system accesses data
more quickly and programs run
faster. When an operating
system stores data on a disk, it
places the data in the first
available sector on the disk. It attempts to place data in sectors that are contiguous
(next to each other), but this is not always possible. When the contents of a file are
scattered across two or more noncontiguous sectors, the file is fragmented .
Fragmentation slows down disk access and thus the performance of the entire
computer. Defragmenting the disk, or reorganizing it so that the files are stored in
contiguous sectors, solves this problem. Operating systems usually include a disk
defragmenter. Windows Disk Defragmenter is available in the System Tools list.
6. Screen Saver
Screen saver is a utility that causes a display device’s
screen to show a moving image or blank screen if no keyboard
or mouse activity occurs for a specified time. When you press a
key on the keyboard or move the mouse, the screen saver
disappears and the screen return to the previous state.
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7. Antivirus Programs
The term, computer virus,
describes a potentially damaging
computer program that affects, or
infects, a computer negatively by
altering the way the computer
works without the user’s knowledge
or permission. Once the virus is in a computer, it can spread throughout and may
damage your files and operating system.
8. Spyware and Adware Removers
Spyware is a program placed on a
computer without the user’s knowledge that
secretly collects information about the user,
often related to Web browsing habits.
Spyware can enter a computer as a virus or as
a result of a user installing a new program. The
spyware program communicates informationit collects to an outside source while you are
online. Adware is a program that displays an
online advertisement in a banner or pop-up window on Web pages, e-mail, or other
Internet services. Sometimes, spyware is hidden in adware. A spyware remover is a
program that detects and deletes spyware and other similar programs. An adware
remover is a program that detects and deletes adware. Most spyware and adware
removers cost less than $50; some are available on the Web at no cost. Some operatingsystems and antivirus programs include spyware and adware removers. Popular stand-
alone spyware and adware removers include Ad-Aware, Spy Sweeper, Spybot – Search
and Destroy, and Windows Defender.
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9. Image Viewer FAQ 8-6
An image viewer is a utility that allows users to display, copy, and print the contents
of a graphics file, such as a photo. With an image viewer, users can see images without
having to open them in a paint or image editing program. Most operating systems
include an image viewer. Windows image viewer is called Windows Photo Viewer, which
also allows you to print and e-mail photos
10. File Compression
A file compression utility shrinks the size of a file(s). A compressed file takes up less
storage space than the original file. Compressing files frees up room on the storage
media and improves system performance. Attaching a compressed file to an e-mail
message, for example, reduces the time needed for file transmission. Uploading and
downloading compressed files to and from the Internet reduces the file transmission
time.
11. Disc Burning
Disc burning software writes text, graphics,audio, and video files on a recordable or
rewritable CD, DVD, or Blu-ray Disc. This software enables the home user easily to backup contents of their hard disk on an optical disc and make duplicates of uncopyrighted
music or movies. Disc burning software usually also includes photo editing, audio
editing, and video editing capabilities.