.........................................................................................................................................3 ................................................................................................................................4 ...................................................................................................................4 .4 IPv4 ...........................................................................................................................................4 - (CIDR) 6 IPv6 ...7 .................................................................................................................................10 ...........................................................................................................12

2

. (IP) . : IP . IP 32 Source adress Destination adress IP . E IP . . , IP . , 32 . , , 0 255. , 32 C0290614 192.41.6.20. IP 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255. IP 4 (IPv4) 6 (IPv6). IPv4 IPv6 . IPv4, 32- (232) 4 294 967 296 IPv4 . IPv6 128 (2128), 340 282 366 920 938 463 463 374 607 431 768 211 456 IPv6 . , . a IP IPv4 IPv6 . IP , . IP .3

IP IPv4 IPv6 , - - . - , ( , ) (LAN). IP blocks . block (/), IP . , (ISP) / 16 , 64.000 IPv4 . / 26 64 IPv4 . , block .

IPv4 IPv4 , . 32 4,294,967,296 . IPv4 1970 . 4- IPv4. ,

4

, , . . 32 IPv4 . , 192.0.2.0/24 , 24 . , .

IPv4 4 A,B,C D, , , subnet . (Subnet IP .)

128 16 , B 16, 384 64 C 2 (.. LAN) 256 D e multicast .

()

()

ID

ID

A

0

0 - 127

a

b.c.d

27 = 128

224 = 16777216

B

10

128191

a.b

c.d

214 = 16384

216 = 65536

C

110

192223

a.b.c

d

221 = 2097152 28 = 256

IPv4 32 , section , 192.0.2.0/24 5

-. 256 . IP .

10.0.0.0/8 ( ) , / 8 . 8 24 IPv4 -: 16.777.216 .

- (CIDR)

(Classless Inter-Domain Routing CIDR) . ( ) 8, 16 24 , CIDR 13 27 . , 32 500,000 . . CIDR 32- IP . CIDR 206.13.01.48/25, "/25" 25 , . - , CIDR IP . IP notation notation .

6

IPv6 32 128 , IP .

IPv6 , IPv4, IP .

7

IPv6 IPv4, oj LAN 64

prefix1 IPv4 . IPv6 18.446.744.073.709.551.616 IPv6 .

IPv6 , 8 (:). 16 8 , 128 (16*8=128). ........ = 4 , 16*8 = 128 . 1080:0:0:0:8:800:200C:417A Unicast address FF01:0:0:0:0:0:0:101 Multicast addresess

8

, ISP /48 . IPv6 /64 , /48 65,536 LANs . IPv6 RIPE NCC / 32 . LIR / 48 / 32 , 65.536 / 48 . / 56 , 24 , 16,777,216 /56 . , 4294967296 IPv4 , IPv6 .

IPv6 /128 1 IPv6 address /64 1 IPv6 subnet /56 256 LAN segments /48 65,536 LAN segments /32 65,536 /48 subscriber sites /24 16,777,216 subscriber sites 18,446,744,073,709,551,616 IPv6 IPv6 256 IPv6

9

, IPv4 , IPv6. IPv6 IPv4 ? IPv6 IPv4, IPv6 , IPv4. , . , IPv6 IPv4, , . IPv6 (Authentication and Encapsulating Security Payload extension headers). , , IP IPv4 (IPSec), a , . 6 (IPv6) ( IPv4 Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP)), , IPv6 , , . IPv6 . ( IPv6 IP : ABCD:EF01:2345:6789:0123:4567:8FF1:2345) IPv4, 100,000 IPv6 64-e subnet 1 . , , ,

10

IPv6 , DNS . IPv6 (Cryptographically Generated Addresses (CGA)) DHCPv6. 6 4, . IPv6 IP , , , . IPv6 stacks IPv4 stack IPv6 stack. IPv6 IP , IPv6. . IPv6 IPv4 IPv6 QoS . : IP , .

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1. http://it.com.mk 2. http://www.ripe.net/internet-coordination/press-centre/understanding-ipaddressing 3. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IP_addressing

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