Invasive species kendall arthur
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Invasive SpeciesBy Kendall Arthur
Invasive Species “An alien species whose introduction
does or is likely to cause economic or environmental harm or harm to human health…”
“ ‘Alien species’ means, with respect to a particular ecosystem, any species that is not native to that ecosystem.”
Threats Disease Predators Competition Hybridization Habitat alteration
Example: Zebra Muscles
Disease Invasive species bring diseases not
native to the ecosystem Detrimental to native species with no
immunity Example:
Asian chestnut blight fungus 180 million acres of forest destroyed Moth species living in chestnuts became
extinct
Predators Reduce population sizes
No evolved defenses Extinction
Example: Brown Tree Snake Introduced to Guam through ship cargo Eliminated 10 of 11 species of bird species
Competition Invasive species are more efficient Native species are not as well adapted Example: North American gray squirrels
Introduced to Great Britain and Italy Driving native red squirrels to extinction Forage for nuts more efficiently
Hybridization Members of two different species mate
and successfully reproduce Invasive species is more abundant Genes “flood” the native species
Forces extinction Genotype of native species phased out
No selection for reproductive isolating mechanisms
Habitat Alteration Introduced species alter the ecological
make up Cause harm to native species Example: Zebra Mussels
Zebra Mussels Brought to U.S. (Great Lakes) from Russia
in ballast of ships Filter large amounts of water Reduce densities of planktonic organisms Settle in dense masses over expansive
areas 30 freshwater mussel species threatened
with extinction by competition
Zebra Mussels
Zebra Mussels
Zebra Mussels
Luna Pier Beach, Monroe County, Michigan
A barge in Twin Cities, Minnesota
Humans The Most Invasive
of Species
We Industrialize
Pollution Chemical pollutants
Pesticides SO2, CO, nitrogen oxides
Changes metabolism Chemical imbalances
Spread of Disease Bring diseased animals from one place
to another and infect native populations Bird flu Swine flu
Self invasive species Spread diseases across human
populations
Spread of Diseases Hawaiian Islands
Habitat fragmentation Habitat destruction Alien species Diseases
We Develop
Habitat Destruction Development of
Infrastructure Agriculture
Deforestation Waste dumping #1 cause of species extinction
Habitat Destruction In Europe, >85% natural habitat
destroyed for agriculture California coastal wetlands shrunk by
90% over 150 years 98% usable agricultural area on Earth
already developed
Deforestation 48% - Subsistence agriculture in poor
countries 32% - Commercial agriculture 14% - Commercial Logging 6% - Charcoal and other fuel wood
removal
Deforestation
Deforestation The Tropical Rainforests
Contain 50% of all 10 million species of plants, animals, and insects
50,000 disappear annually due to deforestation
“Lungs of our planet”
Deforestation The Amazon Rainforest
If destroyed, U.S. greenhouse gas emissions would increase 50 fold
90 indigenous tribes destroyed Loss of…
Medicinal knowledge of plants, trees, and other species
Great economic value if sustained
Deforestation
We Innovate
Competition The ultimate competitors Make our own resources Can outcompete any species Exploiting resources
Overexploitation Hunting
Medicine Clothing Trophies
Overfishing Shark fin soup outlawed in California
Overgrazing Agriculture
But who suffers?
Extinction Main reason
Human overpopulation of the earth Extinction rate of species accelerated
starting 1600 AD 80% of all extinctions due to habitat
destruction by humans
One last thing….
We suffer We pose a threat to future generations We have negative effect on them, but
they have no effect on us Must maintain the earth for the future We are the greatest threats to ourselves
In Conclusion… Invasive species are a danger to many
different ecosystems Humans are the most invasive species What must be done?
Maintenance Education Reforms Protection of ecosystems
Sources
Hogan, C Michael. ”Causes of Extinction." Encyclopedia of Earth. 2010. Web. 21 Nov 2011. <http://
www.eoearth.org/article/Causes_of_extinction?topic=58074>.
McGinley, Mark. "Invasive species". Encyclopedia of Earth. 2010. Web. 21 Nov 2011. http://www.eoearth.org/article
/Invasive_species?topic=49513.
Hogan, C Michael. “Deforestation.” Encyclopedia of Earth. 2010. Web. 21 Nov 2011. http://www.eoearth.org/article/Deforestation?topic=58071
"FARM: Farm Animal Rights Movement." The Cost of Disappearing Rainforests. Google Blogger, 14 Oct 2010. Web. 21 Nov. 2011.