Introdução a bioinformatica
Transcript of Introdução a bioinformatica
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Introdução à BioinformáticaIntrodução à Bioinformática
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Aprendizado de Máquina
Fornece técnicas para lidar com os problemas acima
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Bioquímica Computacional
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Bioquímica Computacional
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Bioquímica Computacional
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Sequência “query”
Alinhamento
Banco de dados
de sequências
score
Melhoramento do alinhamento
até um score máximo
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Super-family:
Probable common evolutionary origin - Proteins that have low sequence identities, but with structural and functional features suggesting that a common evolutionary origin.
Family:
Proteins clustered together into families are evolutionarily related with pair-wise residue identities between the proteins of 30% and greater. Some cases with low identity could have similar folds and evolution.
Fold:
Major structural similarity. Similar in secondary structure elements with same topological connections. Proteins with same fold may not have common evolutionary origin.
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A Computação está para a Biologia da A Computação está para a Biologia da mesma forma que a matemática está mesma forma que a matemática está
para físicapara física
Harold Morowitz Harold Morowitz
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Observa-se que a natureza é conservadora!
Similaridade entre as seqüências
Transmissão de informações sobre uma seqüência para outras similares com
fidelidade razoável
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●
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Duas seqüências são combinadas aleatoriamente
Qualidade da combinação é avaliada e pontuada
Uma seqüência é movida em relação a outra e a combinação é pontuada novamente
Obtenção da melhor pontuação de alinhamento
Método automatizado Alinhamento entre as milhares de alternativas
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:
■
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:
Identidade X Similaridade X Homologia
► Homologia → Relação evolutiva Duas seqüências são →homólogas se derivarem da mesma seqüência ancestral.
► Identidade → Presença do mesmo ácido nucléico ou aminoácido na mesma posição em duas seqüências alinhadas;
► Similaridade → Apenas quando ocorrer substituições Dois →aminoácidos são considerados similares se um puder ser substituído por outro com propriedades químicas similares;
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BIOLOGIA
Redes Neurais, Algoritmos Genéticos
COMPUTAÇÃO
Bioinformática
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