Integrating seismic, well CSEMc203624.r24.cf1.rackcdn.com/richardcooper.pdf · Integrating seismic,...

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Extraordinary results. By any measure. Integrating seismic, well and CSEM data Richard Cooper, RSI Business opportunities with subsurface data 20April 2011 Hallam Conference Centre, London

Transcript of Integrating seismic, well CSEMc203624.r24.cf1.rackcdn.com/richardcooper.pdf · Integrating seismic,...

Page 1: Integrating seismic, well CSEMc203624.r24.cf1.rackcdn.com/richardcooper.pdf · Integrating seismic, well and CSEM data Richard Cooper, RSI Business opportunities with subsurface data

Extraordinary results. By any measure.

Integrating seismic, well and CSEM data Richard Cooper, RSI

Business opportunities with subsurface data 20April 2011 Hallam Conference Centre, London

Page 2: Integrating seismic, well CSEMc203624.r24.cf1.rackcdn.com/richardcooper.pdf · Integrating seismic, well and CSEM data Richard Cooper, RSI Business opportunities with subsurface data

©2011 RSI ‐ RockSolidImages.com Extraordinary results. By any measure.

Agenda • An introduction to marine EM methods • The commercial story so far • Case studies • Where does CSEM fit within an overall exploration and

exploitation strategy? • Conclusion

Page 3: Integrating seismic, well CSEMc203624.r24.cf1.rackcdn.com/richardcooper.pdf · Integrating seismic, well and CSEM data Richard Cooper, RSI Business opportunities with subsurface data

©2011 RSI ‐ RockSolidImages.com Extraordinary results. By any measure.

Agenda • An introduction to marine EM methods • The commercial story so far • Case studies • Where does CSEM fit within an overall exploration and

exploitation strategy? • Conclusion

Page 4: Integrating seismic, well CSEMc203624.r24.cf1.rackcdn.com/richardcooper.pdf · Integrating seismic, well and CSEM data Richard Cooper, RSI Business opportunities with subsurface data

©2011 RSI ‐ RockSolidImages.com Extraordinary results. By any measure.

EM came first….

1912

Conrad Schlumberger conceived the revolutionary idea of using surface electrical measurements to map subsurface rock bodies

Schlumberger brothers begin performing surface resistivity surveys in Romania, Serbia, Canada, Union of South Africa, Belgian Congo, and USA

1927

First electrical resistivity well log is recorded in Pechelbronn, France (image above is first well log in USA, 1929, Kern Co.)

1934

First reflection seismic data recorded

“There is different rock down there somewhere.”

“There is probably oil just below 1950 feet.”

Page 5: Integrating seismic, well CSEMc203624.r24.cf1.rackcdn.com/richardcooper.pdf · Integrating seismic, well and CSEM data Richard Cooper, RSI Business opportunities with subsurface data

©2011 RSI ‐ RockSolidImages.com Extraordinary results. By any measure.

Historical perspective

Page 6: Integrating seismic, well CSEMc203624.r24.cf1.rackcdn.com/richardcooper.pdf · Integrating seismic, well and CSEM data Richard Cooper, RSI Business opportunities with subsurface data

©2011 RSI ‐ RockSolidImages.com Extraordinary results. By any measure.

Marine Magnetotelluric ‐ MT

Page 7: Integrating seismic, well CSEMc203624.r24.cf1.rackcdn.com/richardcooper.pdf · Integrating seismic, well and CSEM data Richard Cooper, RSI Business opportunities with subsurface data

©2011 RSI ‐ RockSolidImages.com Extraordinary results. By any measure.

Controlled Source ElectroMagnetics ‐ CSEM

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©2011 RSI ‐ RockSolidImages.com Extraordinary results. By any measure.

Sea Sea WaterWater

Resistive Resistive BodyBody Conductive Conductive SedimentsSediments

CSEM – Two Basic Measurements

Conductive SedimentsConductive Sediments Reservoir Reservoir ((Resistive bodyResistive body))

Phase Electric Field Strength

Page 9: Integrating seismic, well CSEMc203624.r24.cf1.rackcdn.com/richardcooper.pdf · Integrating seismic, well and CSEM data Richard Cooper, RSI Business opportunities with subsurface data

©2011 RSI ‐ RockSolidImages.com Extraordinary results. By any measure.

Source

High powered dipole source with a moment in excess of 300,000 Am in the fundamental.

Page 10: Integrating seismic, well CSEMc203624.r24.cf1.rackcdn.com/richardcooper.pdf · Integrating seismic, well and CSEM data Richard Cooper, RSI Business opportunities with subsurface data

©2011 RSI ‐ RockSolidImages.com Extraordinary results. By any measure.

Receivers

Receivers detect and record electric and magnetic fields at the seafloor. Deployed autonomously and recovered using acoustic release system

Page 11: Integrating seismic, well CSEMc203624.r24.cf1.rackcdn.com/richardcooper.pdf · Integrating seismic, well and CSEM data Richard Cooper, RSI Business opportunities with subsurface data

©2011 RSI ‐ RockSolidImages.com Extraordinary results. By any measure.

Agenda • An introduction to marine EM methods • The commercial story so far • Case studies • Where does CSEM fit within an overall exploration and

exploitation strategy? • Conclusion

Page 12: Integrating seismic, well CSEMc203624.r24.cf1.rackcdn.com/richardcooper.pdf · Integrating seismic, well and CSEM data Richard Cooper, RSI Business opportunities with subsurface data

©2011 RSI ‐ RockSolidImages.com Extraordinary results. By any measure.

“It was at this point, gentleman, that reality intruded”.

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

Market Cap 2007 2009 Change emgs $,1761 M $83 M (95)% Mtem $275 M $0 M (100)% OHM $ 190 M $6 M (96)%

Page 13: Integrating seismic, well CSEMc203624.r24.cf1.rackcdn.com/richardcooper.pdf · Integrating seismic, well and CSEM data Richard Cooper, RSI Business opportunities with subsurface data

©2011 RSI ‐ RockSolidImages.com Extraordinary results. By any measure.

The CSEM world in 2007…….what went wrong?

Great marketing; poor delivery: a fatal combination! Incorrect statements:

CSEM will replace seismic CSEM is a DHI

CSEM is not seismic Acquisition design critical Processing & interpretation technology immature; almost no commercial software Little in‐house expertise or technology in oil & gas companies

Seismic Integration? Absolutely key

Page 14: Integrating seismic, well CSEMc203624.r24.cf1.rackcdn.com/richardcooper.pdf · Integrating seismic, well and CSEM data Richard Cooper, RSI Business opportunities with subsurface data

©2011 RSI ‐ RockSolidImages.com Extraordinary results. By any measure.

Market adoption/growth barriers: CSEM

CSEM considered to be “expensive” compared to seismic:

han seismic per unit area) tile; just plain wrong!)

s ems

Better, faster, cheaper!

Page 15: Integrating seismic, well CSEMc203624.r24.cf1.rackcdn.com/richardcooper.pdf · Integrating seismic, well and CSEM data Richard Cooper, RSI Business opportunities with subsurface data

©2011 RSI ‐ RockSolidImages.com Extraordinary results. By any measure.

Agenda • An introduction to marine EM methods • The commercial story so far • Case studies

1. Norwegian Sea Gas Reservoir 2. Fluid in a Chalk interval

• Where does CSEM fit within an overall exploration and exploitation strategy?

• Conclusion

Page 16: Integrating seismic, well CSEMc203624.r24.cf1.rackcdn.com/richardcooper.pdf · Integrating seismic, well and CSEM data Richard Cooper, RSI Business opportunities with subsurface data

©2011 RSI ‐ RockSolidImages.com Extraordinary results. By any measure.

Data integration is key

Well logs and seismic have come a long way since 1934, but even today there is no better indicator of oil or gas than electrical resistivity.

Page 17: Integrating seismic, well CSEMc203624.r24.cf1.rackcdn.com/richardcooper.pdf · Integrating seismic, well and CSEM data Richard Cooper, RSI Business opportunities with subsurface data

©2011 RSI ‐ RockSolidImages.com Extraordinary results. By any measure.

CSEM Seismic Well data

Imaging structure

Detecting fluids

Determining mineralogy

What can go wrong ?

17

Each method has its strengths….

Severely undersampled

laterally.

AVO and amplitude anomalies may be caused by lithology variations. Saturation often difficult to determine

We measure resistivity, NOT hydrocarbons

So we need to use the right tool (or tools) for the job….

Page 18: Integrating seismic, well CSEMc203624.r24.cf1.rackcdn.com/richardcooper.pdf · Integrating seismic, well and CSEM data Richard Cooper, RSI Business opportunities with subsurface data

©2011 RSI ‐ RockSolidImages.com Extraordinary results. By any measure.

Agenda • An introduction to marine EM methods • The commercial story so far • Case studies

1. Norwegian Sea Gas Reservoir 2. Fluid in a Chalk interval

• Where does CSEM fit within an overall exploration and exploitation strategy?

• Conclusion

Page 19: Integrating seismic, well CSEMc203624.r24.cf1.rackcdn.com/richardcooper.pdf · Integrating seismic, well and CSEM data Richard Cooper, RSI Business opportunities with subsurface data

©2011 RSI ‐ RockSolidImages.com Extraordinary results. By any measure.

Appraisal

The Luva gas field lies on the Nyk High of the Voring Basin in the Norwegian Sea

Water depth in the area is

approximately 1300m OHM collected a CSEM

survey over the field in October 2006

Page 20: Integrating seismic, well CSEMc203624.r24.cf1.rackcdn.com/richardcooper.pdf · Integrating seismic, well and CSEM data Richard Cooper, RSI Business opportunities with subsurface data

©2011 RSI ‐ RockSolidImages.com Extraordinary results. By any measure.

Appraisal – reservoir properties

21‐Apr‐11 20

Seismic Data

Impedance Inversion

Well-log Calibration

Porosity

Gas Volume

CSEM Data

Resistivity Inversion

Well-log Calibration

Gas Saturation

Page 21: Integrating seismic, well CSEMc203624.r24.cf1.rackcdn.com/richardcooper.pdf · Integrating seismic, well and CSEM data Richard Cooper, RSI Business opportunities with subsurface data

©2011 RSI ‐ RockSolidImages.com Extraordinary results. By any measure.

Agenda • An introduction to marine EM methods • The commercial story so far • Case studies

1. Norwegian Sea Gas Reservoir 2. Fluid in a Chalk interval

• Where does CSEM fit within an overall exploration and exploitation strategy?

• Conclusion

Page 22: Integrating seismic, well CSEMc203624.r24.cf1.rackcdn.com/richardcooper.pdf · Integrating seismic, well and CSEM data Richard Cooper, RSI Business opportunities with subsurface data

©2011 RSI ‐ RockSolidImages.com Extraordinary results. By any measure.

What is the fluid within a North Sea Chalk ?

• Seismic inversion can be used to find porous zones, but determining the fluid content is difficult.

~ 500 m

Data courtesy Maersk Oil, Shell and Chevron

Seismic

Tight High impedance

Porous - wet Low impedance

Porous – hydrocarbons Low impedance

Page 23: Integrating seismic, well CSEMc203624.r24.cf1.rackcdn.com/richardcooper.pdf · Integrating seismic, well and CSEM data Richard Cooper, RSI Business opportunities with subsurface data

©2011 RSI ‐ RockSolidImages.com Extraordinary results. By any measure.

Gassmann fluid substitution

Seismic Gather InSitu 100% WET 80% OIL 80% GAS D E P T H

T I

M E

Data courtesy Maersk Oil, Shell and Chevron

Minerals Sw AI PR

Page 24: Integrating seismic, well CSEMc203624.r24.cf1.rackcdn.com/richardcooper.pdf · Integrating seismic, well and CSEM data Richard Cooper, RSI Business opportunities with subsurface data

©2011 RSI ‐ RockSolidImages.com Extraordinary results. By any measure.

Chalk resistivity

Wet

Porosity VSH Resistivity RHOB-NPHI

Data courtesy Maersk Oil, Shell and Chevron

Hydrocarbon

Wet

Tight

Resistivity (Ωm)

Resistivity (Ωm)

Resistivity (Ωm)

Per

cent

age

Per

cent

age

Per

cent

age

Page 25: Integrating seismic, well CSEMc203624.r24.cf1.rackcdn.com/richardcooper.pdf · Integrating seismic, well and CSEM data Richard Cooper, RSI Business opportunities with subsurface data

©2011 RSI ‐ RockSolidImages.com Extraordinary results. By any measure.

Both seismic and CSEM data are needed…

Seismic CSEM

Tight High impedance High resistivity

Porous - wet Low impedance Low resistivity

Porous – hydrocarbons Low impedance High resistivity

Use seismic to determine porosity…

…then use CSEM to determine the fluid

content Data courtesy Maersk Oil, Shell and Chevron

Page 26: Integrating seismic, well CSEMc203624.r24.cf1.rackcdn.com/richardcooper.pdf · Integrating seismic, well and CSEM data Richard Cooper, RSI Business opportunities with subsurface data

©2011 RSI ‐ RockSolidImages.com Extraordinary results. By any measure.

Porosity derived from seismic inversion

Average porosity in the top 24m of the chalk: can find the reservoirs but not the content

Porosity

Data courtesy Maersk Oil, Shell and Chevron

Page 27: Integrating seismic, well CSEMc203624.r24.cf1.rackcdn.com/richardcooper.pdf · Integrating seismic, well and CSEM data Richard Cooper, RSI Business opportunities with subsurface data

©2011 RSI ‐ RockSolidImages.com Extraordinary results. By any measure.

2D constrained inversion

Data courtesy Maersk Oil, Shell and Chevron

• CSEM data alone has poor structural resolution • Use the seismic structure to constrain the CSEM inversion by allowing breaks in smoothness at top and bottom chalk. •In each case invert 0.05Hz, 0.25Hz and 0.6Hz amplitude and phase

Page 28: Integrating seismic, well CSEMc203624.r24.cf1.rackcdn.com/richardcooper.pdf · Integrating seismic, well and CSEM data Richard Cooper, RSI Business opportunities with subsurface data

©2011 RSI ‐ RockSolidImages.com Extraordinary results. By any measure.

2D constrained inversion

Data courtesy Maersk Oil, Shell and Chevron

Page 29: Integrating seismic, well CSEMc203624.r24.cf1.rackcdn.com/richardcooper.pdf · Integrating seismic, well and CSEM data Richard Cooper, RSI Business opportunities with subsurface data

©2011 RSI ‐ RockSolidImages.com Extraordinary results. By any measure.

Transverse resistance

Data courtesy Maersk Oil, Shell and Chevron

Page 30: Integrating seismic, well CSEMc203624.r24.cf1.rackcdn.com/richardcooper.pdf · Integrating seismic, well and CSEM data Richard Cooper, RSI Business opportunities with subsurface data

©2011 RSI ‐ RockSolidImages.com Extraordinary results. By any measure. Data courtesy Maersk Oil, Shell and Chevron

Is the increase in resistivity related to…

• Decreasing porosity ? • Change in the chalk thickness ? • Saturation changes ?

Page 31: Integrating seismic, well CSEMc203624.r24.cf1.rackcdn.com/richardcooper.pdf · Integrating seismic, well and CSEM data Richard Cooper, RSI Business opportunities with subsurface data

©2011 RSI ‐ RockSolidImages.com Extraordinary results. By any measure.

Chalk Resistivity Sections: based on seismic

Porosity Low Baseline Resistivity High Baseline Resistivity

RW = 0.03758 Ωm in Chalk RW = 0.08 Ωm in Chalk

Data courtesy Maersk Oil, Shell and Chevron

RT = Sw-n Rw

a Φm

Porosity from seismic.

100% water saturation

Rw and m from well log calibration

Page 32: Integrating seismic, well CSEMc203624.r24.cf1.rackcdn.com/richardcooper.pdf · Integrating seismic, well and CSEM data Richard Cooper, RSI Business opportunities with subsurface data

©2011 RSI ‐ RockSolidImages.com Extraordinary results. By any measure.

Transverse resistance: seismically derived model

Data courtesy Maersk Oil, Shell and Chevron

100% water saturated

Hydrocarbon charged

Page 33: Integrating seismic, well CSEMc203624.r24.cf1.rackcdn.com/richardcooper.pdf · Integrating seismic, well and CSEM data Richard Cooper, RSI Business opportunities with subsurface data

©2011 RSI ‐ RockSolidImages.com Extraordinary results. By any measure.

Comparing CSEM and seismically derived resistivity…

Data courtesy Maersk Oil, Shell and Chevron

Seismic + well log derived Water saturated

Hydrocarbon saturated

High baseline Low baseline

Page 34: Integrating seismic, well CSEMc203624.r24.cf1.rackcdn.com/richardcooper.pdf · Integrating seismic, well and CSEM data Richard Cooper, RSI Business opportunities with subsurface data

©2011 RSI ‐ RockSolidImages.com Extraordinary results. By any measure.

Agenda • An introduction to marine EM methods • The commercial story so far • Case studies • Where does CSEM fit within an overall exploration and

exploitation strategy? • Conclusion

Page 35: Integrating seismic, well CSEMc203624.r24.cf1.rackcdn.com/richardcooper.pdf · Integrating seismic, well and CSEM data Richard Cooper, RSI Business opportunities with subsurface data

©2011 RSI ‐ RockSolidImages.com Extraordinary results. By any measure.

Seismic availability?

Well availability?

CSEM interpretation risk

Frontier Exploration

None None High

Exploration Sparse 2D, maybe 3D

None or limited Model dependent

Appraisal 3D Several Low

Monitoring 3D/4D Many Low

Seismic & CSEM together!

CSEM applicability

Page 36: Integrating seismic, well CSEMc203624.r24.cf1.rackcdn.com/richardcooper.pdf · Integrating seismic, well and CSEM data Richard Cooper, RSI Business opportunities with subsurface data

©2011 RSI ‐ RockSolidImages.com Extraordinary results. By any measure.

Where does CSEM data fit ? Objective: understand the geology and prospectivity of an area

Phase 1 – Regional rock physics study: Use existing well log data to understand rock

physics and variations across the area.

Phase 2 – Seismic structural analysis: Use seismic data to provide structural

context for the rock physics study.

Phase 3 – background model: Construct an accurate background model

Phase 4 – CSEM sensitivity analysis: Does CSEM data provide valuable

complementary information ?

Reservoir Characterisation: Using seismic and wells.

Is existing CSEM data available? Correct frequency/offset/receiver spacing ?

Use/purchase CSEM data

WISE™ Reservoir Characterisation: Using seismic, CSEM and wells.

Acquire new CSEM data

NO YES

YES NO

Page 37: Integrating seismic, well CSEMc203624.r24.cf1.rackcdn.com/richardcooper.pdf · Integrating seismic, well and CSEM data Richard Cooper, RSI Business opportunities with subsurface data

©2011 RSI ‐ RockSolidImages.com Extraordinary results. By any measure.

Agenda • An introduction to marine EM methods • The commercial story so far • Case studies • Where does CSEM fit within an overall exploration and

exploitation strategy? • Conclusion

Page 38: Integrating seismic, well CSEMc203624.r24.cf1.rackcdn.com/richardcooper.pdf · Integrating seismic, well and CSEM data Richard Cooper, RSI Business opportunities with subsurface data

©2011 RSI ‐ RockSolidImages.com Extraordinary results. By any measure.

Summary

• Seismic is the “backbone” technology • May not give all the answers? • In cases where seismic is not the complete solution:

• Can other geophysical methods help? • Look towards:

• CSEM • MT • Tensor Gravity

Page 39: Integrating seismic, well CSEMc203624.r24.cf1.rackcdn.com/richardcooper.pdf · Integrating seismic, well and CSEM data Richard Cooper, RSI Business opportunities with subsurface data

©2011 RSI ‐ RockSolidImages.com Extraordinary results. By any measure.

SEG 2011 European Lecture

“Integrating well logs, seismic and CSEM data for reservoir characterization”

http://www.seg.org/education/misc/hllibrary

Page 40: Integrating seismic, well CSEMc203624.r24.cf1.rackcdn.com/richardcooper.pdf · Integrating seismic, well and CSEM data Richard Cooper, RSI Business opportunities with subsurface data

©2011 RSI ‐ RockSolidImages.com Extraordinary results. By any measure.

Acknowledgements My colleagues at RSI OHM Ltd for data acquisition

SEG for permission to publish parts of the 2011 DL course Maersk Oil, Shell, Chevron and Total for permission to show data

Thank You!