1

Institute of High Energy PhysicsInstitute of High Energy PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesChinese Academy of Sciences

Particle Physics Research inParticle Physics Research in

Institute of High Energy PhysicsInstitute of High Energy Physics

陈和生 (Hesheng Chen)

2

Institute of High Energy Institute of High Energy PhysicsPhysics

Comprehensive and largest fundamental research Comprehensive and largest fundamental research center in China center in China

For :For :– High energy physicsHigh energy physics

– Accelerator technologies and applications Accelerator technologies and applications

– Synchrotron radiation technologies and Synchrotron radiation technologies and applicationsapplications

1000 employees, ~ 650 physicists and engineers1000 employees, ~ 650 physicists and engineers

Beijing Electron Positron Collider: beam energy 1 – 2.8 GeV

Physics Run ： Luminosity 1031cm-2s-1 @ 1.89GeV, 5 month/yearSynchrotron Radiation Run ： 140mA @ 2.2 GeV, 3 month/year

4

电子直线注入器 Linac

5

储存环 Storage Ring

6

北京谱仪Beijing Spectrometer

7

BESII Detector BESII Detector ((95-97 upgrade95-97 upgrade))

VC: xy = 100 m TOF: T = 180 ps counter: r= 3 cm MDC: xy = 250 m BSC: E/E= 22 % z = 5.5 cm dE/dx= 8.4 % = 7.9 mr B field: 0.4 T p/p=1.8(1+p2) z = 2.3 cm Dead time/event: 〈 10 ms

8

韩国 (3)

Korea University Seoul National University Chonbuk National Univ.

日本 (5)

Univ. of Tokyo

Nikow UniversityTokyo Inst. of Technology

Miyazaki UniversityKEK

美国 (4)

University of HawaiiUniversity of Texas at DallasColorado State University

Stanford Linear Accelerator Center

英国 (1)Queen Mary University

中国 (15)中科院高能所中国科技大学

山东大学 , 浙江大学华中师范大学

上海交通大学 北京大学 , 高等科技中心 武汉大学 ., 南开大学 .

河南师范大学湖南大学 , 辽宁大学 . 清华大学 , 四川大学

北京谱仪国际合作组

9

BES has the world largest J/BES has the world largest J/ and and samplessamplesplus: 2-5 GeV R scan, plus: 2-5 GeV R scan, threshold, 8 pb threshold, 8 pb-1-1 ““,, 22.3pb 22.3pb-1-1 Ds … Ds …

J/ 106

106

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

MarkIII DM2 BESI BESII0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

MARKI MarkII CrystalBall

BESI BES II

01.11-02.399.11-01.3

10

Main Physics Results from BESBES

Precision measurement of mass .

Systematic study of decays: new VT decay suppressed modes and First measurement of B((2S)+-).

measurement of fDs from pure leptonic decay of

Ds.

Measure Br(DS ) in a model independent wa

y. > 120 entries in PDG from BES.

11

Precision measurement ofPrecision measurement of mass (1992)

1776.9 – 0.19 – 0.16 MeV+0.18+0.20

• World average value

changed by 3

• Accuracy improved by a

factor of 10

• lepton universality

together with

measurements of lifetime

& leptonic decay Branch

ratios.

12

R/R(%)

Before BES 15-20

BES 6.6

BESII BESII New Results R Measurement at 2-5GeV R Measurement at 2-5GeV (91 points)(91 points)

13

Impact of BES’s New R Values on the Impact of BES’s New R Values on the SM FitSM Fit for for α (Mα (Mzz

22) and Higgs mass) and Higgs mass

090.0890.128)( 12 ZM

046.0936.128)( 12 ZM

1995 1995 beforebefore BES R dataBES R data

2001 2001 withwith BES R dataBES R data

g-2 experiment

14

Final fit

M=1859 MeV/c2

< 30 MeV/c2 (90% CL)

J/pp

M(pp)-2mp (GeV)

0 0.1 0.2 0.3

3-body phase spaceacceptance

2/dof=56/56

fitted peak location

acceptance weighted BW +3 +5

10 25

Threshold enhancement of J/Ψ→ γ p pbar, BW fit →narrow resonance below 2mp

pp/J

15

Other Major research fields in Other Major research fields in IHEPIHEP

1. Particle physics experiment1. Particle physics experiment– Particle-Astrophysics experimentsParticle-Astrophysics experiments

• L3 Cosmic ray measurementL3 Cosmic ray measurement• Yangbajing - Argo RPC carpet projectYangbajing - Argo RPC carpet project• Hard X ray modulated telescopeHard X ray modulated telescope• Alpha Magnetic SpectrometerAlpha Magnetic Spectrometer• ray burst detector.ray burst detector.

– Intl. collaboration of HEP experimentsIntl. collaboration of HEP experiments• CMS and Atlas at LHCCMS and Atlas at LHC• Belle and BabarBelle and Babar• KamlandKamland• Kloe Kloe

16

Other Major research fields in Other Major research fields in IHEPIHEP

2. Theoretical physics2. Theoretical physics

– Particle physics and field theoryParticle physics and field theory– Intermediate and high energy nuclear physicsIntermediate and high energy nuclear physics– Particle-astrophysics and cosmologyParticle-astrophysics and cosmology

3. Accelerator technology3. Accelerator technology– high luminosity e+e- collider: LC R&D– high power proton accelerator

• Chinese Spallation Neutron Source

• Accelerator Driven Subcritical System

– application of low energy accelerators

17

4. Radiation technique and application4. Radiation technique and application– Synchrotron radiation – Free electron laser– Nuclear analysis techniques and its applications– Radiation protection

5. Nuclear detector and electronics5. Nuclear detector and electronics

Other Major research fields Other Major research fields in IHEP in IHEP

18

BEPC

4w1

Diffuse ScatteringX-ray fluorescence

analysis

Topography

4B9

X-ray DiffractionSmall angle scattering

Photoemission SpectroscPopy

3B1

Lithography

3W1

Middle energy

4W1B

4W1A

4B9B

4B9A3B

1B

3B1A

3W1A

3W1B

4 wigglers and 12 beam lines

Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility

140mA@2.2GeV

1W1A

XAFS1W1B

High-pressure diffraction

LIGA

VUV

Macromolecular

3B3

1w1

4w2

3B3

Soft X-ray Optics

19

SARS-CoV MSARS-CoV Mpro and inhibitor

SARS-CoV MSARS-CoV Mpro and the complex with inhibitor

Rao et al. PNAS 2003

3. Non-Accelerator experiments3. Non-Accelerator experiments

– China-Japan Yangbajing Air Shower Array (4300m a.s.l., Tibet, since 1990, ) obtains many important results

– China-INFN Yangbajing - Argo RPC carpet: under construction start data taking by the end of next year

– L3 Cosmics – ray burst detector ( NaI ): Jan. – June 2001

21

Cosmic ray air-shower array detector China-Japan Collaboration Yangbajing , Tibet 4300m a.s.l.

22

ARGO Experiment Hall: RPC carpet IHEP-INFN collaboration Yangbajing

23 RPC Carpet will be extended for full coverage

24

AMS01 magnet: First magnetic spectrometer in Space built and Space qualified in Beijing

25

Prototype of E.M. Calorimeter of AMS02 built by IHEP, b

eam test@CERN, Space qualification tests @Beijing

26

爆探测器搭载神舟二号飞船爆探测器搭载神舟二号飞船2001.1.14 - 6.25

27

Scientific Scientific BalloonBalloon• Volume up to 400000mVolume up to 400000m33

• Height 40kmHeight 40km

• Payload: Payload:

• Astrophysics detectorAstrophysics detector

• MicrogravityMicrogravity

• Atmospheric physics Atmospheric physics

• EnvironmentEnvironment

• …… ……

Hard X-ray Modulate Telescope Satellite

Charged particle shielding

Collimator

Crystals

PMTSupport structure

Comparison between HXMT and INTEGRAL

Angular Resolution 2’ 15’Source Location 0.2’ 2’Sensitivity (10^-7 / cm^2 S keV) 3 10Observation Mode survey yes no local imaging yes yes pointing yes no

HXMT INTEGRAL

VLBL Experiment of J-PARC to Beijing

• V LBL experiment with 2000 - 4000 km is very interesting to study many important physics:– Sign of the difference of mass square– τappearance – CP violation of

• V LBL experiment from JHF to Beijing– Good tunnel: 20 km north of Beijing, near highway

to Great Wall – The tunnel is 560 m long, 34 meter wide, 13 meter

height , 150 m rock on top– Good infrastructure available– 2200 km to JHF with 9.5o dip angle

Tunnel Gate

(Aviation Museum)

Tunnel Inside

33

1. 超长基线中微子振荡：引来中微子束流的基础2. 测量稀有衰变 : 双衰变、核子衰变 3. 测量大气中微子、太阳中微子、超新星中 微子4. 暗物质5. 核天体物理6. …

国外从六十年代起陆续开始建立地下实验室 : Homestake, Gran Sasso, Kamiokade, Soudan, SNO …, 如今大多都获得重大成果。一般都涉及多个研究方向 , 反复使用 , 成为非加速器物理实验研究的大平台。

建立国家地下实验室建立国家地下实验室

34

Beijing Free Beijing Free Electron Laser Electron Laser

• First in Asia (1993)

• Beam energy: 30 MeV

• Infra-red FEL

• ApplicationS

35

Future development: BEPCIIFuture development: BEPCII(1)

Considering new results and successful running of B-faConsidering new results and successful running of B-factories, the physics window remained for the future develoctories, the physics window remained for the future development of BEPC is mainly in the Charm physics:pment of BEPC is mainly in the Charm physics:

1.1.Precision measurement of CKM matrixPrecision measurement of CKM matrix2.2.Search for glueball and quark-gluon hyperid Search for glueball and quark-gluon hyperid 3.3.Light hadron spectroscopyLight hadron spectroscopy4.4. Charmed baryonsCharmed baryons5.5. Rare decay of J/ψRare decay of J/ψ

They are very important for development of QCD: perThey are very important for development of QCD: pertubative and non-pertubative QCD, as well as the intermetubative and non-pertubative QCD, as well as the intermediate region. BEPC has unique advantage for the physics, diate region. BEPC has unique advantage for the physics, which can not be done by B-factories.which can not be done by B-factories.

36

• The studies require BEPC mainly running at the threshold region of J ／ ψ,ψ′andψ ， where the production cross sections are very high.

• The best choice is to upgrade machine and detector (BEPCII) with relative less cost within relative short period, to increase luminosity by two orders of magnitude.

Chinese Government approved BEPC II.Construction started

Future development: Future development: BEPCII(2)

37

BEPCII: Double Ring DesignBEPCII: Double Ring Design• Build new ring inside existing ring at BEPC tunnel.• Two half new rings and two half old rings cross at two i

nteraction regions, forming a double ring collider. • Horizontal collision with large crossing angle: 11 mrad.• 93 bunch / ring with total current ~ 1A / ring • SC RF cavities • SC micro-beta magnets• Design Luminosity ~ 1033cm-2 s-1 @ 1.89GeV• Dedicated Synchrotron Radiation: 250mA @ 2.5GeV• e+ Injection : 50mA/min. @ 1.55 – 1.89 GeV• Estimated Cost ~ 77M US$

38

BEPCII:BEPCII: a high luminosity double–ring collider a high luminosity double–ring collider

39

BEPCII: Double Ring DesignBEPCII: Double Ring Design• Build new ring inside existing ring at BEPC tunnel.• Two half new rings and two half old rings cross at two i

nteraction regions, forming a double ring collider. • Horizontal collision with large crossing angle: 11 mrad.• 93 bunch / ring with total current ~ 1A / ring • SC RF cavities • SC micro-beta magnets• Design Luminosity ~ 1033cm-2 s-1 @ 1.89GeV• Dedicated Synchrotron Radiation: 250mA @ 2.5GeV• e+ Injection : 50mA/min. @ 1.55 – 1.89 GeV• Estimated Cost ~ 77M US$

40

1029

1030

1031

1032

1033

1034

1035

1036

1037

1 10 100 1000

GLC

ADONE

VEPP2000

KEK B and PEP II

KEK BPEP II

CESR

DAFNE

DAFNE2

BEPCIII

CESRc

Ecm

(GeV)

L (cm-2 sec-1 )

VEPP2M

LEP

TRISTANPETRA

VEPP4MDORIS

SPEARBEPC

COLLIDERS

FACTORIES

SUPER FACTORIES

ee++-e-e-- Colliders: Past, Present and Future Colliders: Past, Present and Future

C. Biscari, Workshop on e+e- in 1-2 GeV Range, September 10-13, 2003, Italy

L (cm-2 s-1)

E (GeV)

41

• Adapt to high event rate of BEPCII: 1033cm-2 s-1 and bunch spacing 8ns• Reduce sys. errors to match high statistics photon measurement, PID…• Increase acceptance

MDC: small cell & He gas xy=130 mp/p = 0.5% @1GeV dE/dx=6%

EMCAL: CsI crystalE/E = 2.5% @1GeV z = 0.5 cm/E

TOF: T = 80 ps Barrel 100 ps Endcap

Magnet: - 0.4-0.5 T existing BESII magnet - 1 T Super conducting magnet

Muon ID: 9 layer RPC

Trigger: Tracks & ShowersPipelined; Latency = 2.4s

Data Acquisition: Event rate = 3KHz Thruput ~ 50 MB/s

BESIII detectorBESIII detector

42

Event Statistics: BESIII vs. CLEOc Energy

(GeV)

Luminosity (1033 cm–2s –1)

Events/year (109)

BEPCII CLEO BEPCII CLEO

J/ 3.097 0.6 0.15 10.0 1.0

3.67 1.0 0.30 0.012 —

’ 3.686 1.0 0.30 3.0 —

D 3.77 1.0 0.30 0.025 0.03 *

Ds 4.03 0.6 0.50 0.001 —

Ds 4.14 0.6 0.50 0.002 0.0015

* CLEO took 10 nb D production cross section while we took 5 nb

43

BESIII Expected Physics Results

because BEPCII lum. increased by two-orders of magnitude, a factor of 3 – 7 higher than CLEOc ， and its beam energy width is about half of CLEOc, BES III can obtain many important results in precision measurements of tau-charm physics• Precise measure CKM parameters: a few %• Precise R measurement : <3%

• Search for glueballs, fit overlap resonance's, and determine spin and parity

• Search 1P1

44

Schedule: very tight• May – Oct. 04. :

– Linac upgrade – BESII detector removing– Transformer system 630KW →1200KW

• Nov. 04 – March 05: SR running • April 05 – Jan. 06: Long shutdown

– Remove existing ring – Install two rings– Cryogenics system ready for SC devices, field mapping

• Feb.- Sep. 06: Tuning of machine + SR running • Oct. 06 : BESIII detector moved into beam line• Nov. 06 – Feb. 07 : Machine-detector tuning. • Physics run by March 2007

45

Middle and Long Term PlanMiddle and Long Term Plan Chinese Government organizes a national wide effort to

make middle and long term plan for Science and technology.

IHEP joins several groups actively, specially for• Particle physics, • Particle Astrophysics• Accelerator technology, • Synchrotron Radiation and applications• big science facility, Taking the advantage of BSRF and other facilities, IHE

P should extent research fields to protein structure, nano-science , material science, follow good examples of BNL, ANL and KEK …

→ Multiple Sciences Research Center

46

Possible projects for Middle term Possible projects for Middle term • Charm physics @ BEPCII • Modulated hard X-ray telescope• Neutrino experiemnts:

– Reactor neutrino – Very LBL oscillation experiment: J-Prac→ Beijing

• Spallation Neutron Source • Free Electron Laser• SR and application during BEPCII• Convert BEPC into dedicated SR source after

BEPCII finished physics runningWe are interested to cooperate with US Lab.’s in theseProjects and fields.

47

Remarks about Daya Bay Neutrino Exp.Remarks about Daya Bay Neutrino Exp.• IHEP is very interested in the exp..

– Inst. Management support R&D– Many physicists are interested in it , some of them with goo

d experience in the neutrino exp..– Physics committee reviewed the R&D proposal Monday– Visit to site, and asked feasibility study on the tunnels – Great efforts needed to reach sys. errors < 1%.

• Chinese Academy of Sciences: the director of the fundamental research Bureau is interested in it, and understood the strong competition.

• NSFC is interested in it: both the president and a vice president are nuclear physicists. – They support the idea, and suggested us to make proposal – They have inference to Daya Bay power plant for cooperati

on

48

Remarks about Daya Bay Neutrino Exp.Remarks about Daya Bay Neutrino Exp.• I mentioned our interest in the experiment at PRC-U

S HEP annual meeting 4-5 Nov. at SLAC. • Both DOE and US Lab.’s (LBL, ANL, BNL) showed

strong interest– LBL tried to convince us to join their exp. with 10M$– LBL and ANL are interest to send physicists to attend this

meeting. How shall we do with the collaboration?

• R&D should be started ASAP. Funding and man powers to be solved.

• More careful study about systematic errors. • Optimize the design• Jan. 04: workshop in Beijing

49

Thank You !