Innovativ geoteknik -hvad, -hvorfor -hvordan?
Transcript of Innovativ geoteknik -hvad, -hvorfor -hvordan?
Julemøde DGF Århus: Innovativ geoteknik
2015-09-291
Innovativ geoteknik
12015-12-08INNOVATIV GEOTEKNIK
Jørgen S. Steenfelt, COWI Danmark
Innovativ geoteknik-hvad, -hvorfor -hvordan?
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� Hvad er "innovativ geoteknik"?
- causeri
� Innovative protection structure
for bridge pier, Algeria
� *** glögg-pause ***
� Innovative design of
Izmit Bay Bridge, Tyrkiet
Julemøde-program
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� Innovative: "Having the skill and
imagination to create new things"
� Synonyms
avantgarde, clever, fresh,
imaginative, ingenious, Promethean,
unconventional, unorthodox,
unusual, unfamiliar, unprecedented
� What, why, how:
Julemøde-program
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Innovative investigation methods?
INNOVATIV GEOTEKNIK
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Innovative materials?
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Innovative management processes?
INNOVATIV GEOTEKNIK
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Innovative work processes?
INNOVATIV GEOTEKNIK
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Innovative application of observational method?
INNOVATIV GEOTEKNIK
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Teaching: Demonstration models
Dry sand - friction angle
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Demonstration models
Effect of suction - moist sand
INNOVATIV GEOTEKNIK
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Demonstration models
Reinforcement
50 kg
50 kg
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Cambridge University – laboratory testing of piles (1977-79)
Effective Stress Axial Capacity Cooperative (ESACC) Displacements - driving
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.....but time off to enjoy yourself?
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Innovative test set-ups
Sinusoidal ± 45° realistic cyclicload controlled hydrodynamic loading
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Ruwais Sulphur Expansion, Abu Dhabi (2007-08; FSRU 2015)
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Ruwais Sulphur Expansion –innovative O-cell testing
O-cell
O-cell
plug
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� Load tests verified tension capacity
� capacity far higher than 3 WL & far from failure
General findings
� efficiency of shear keys ����rock socket diameter rather than pile diameter
� cone uplift scenario is extremely conservative
� min char. shear strength 832 kPa >> 0.41sqrt(σσσσc)at 3-4 mm displacement
� Confidence in design considered daring by PMC
Conclusion of 1: 1modelling of socket capacity
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Ship impact protection– SIP (Korea)
Dolphins max Ø 30 m
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� Sheet piles driven to sand/residual soil/weathered rock with SPT-N>40
� Dolphins filled with crushed rock (replacement of soft soil?)
Ø20 - 30 m dolphin structures (flat sheet piles)
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Centrifuge modelling (Deltares)
aluminium with requisite bending and axial stiffness
sand filled
containers
water basin
assembly plate
actuatordolphin moving mass
mounting plate
sand filled
containers
water basin
assembly plate
actuatordolphin moving mass
mounting plate
� Scale 1:200 @ 200 g Ø20 and 30 m dolphins
� Baskarp sand (very/medium dense)
� Quasi-static tests for FEM300 mm/h
� Dynamic impact (18.1 kg)145000 t @ 3 m/s
Dolphin Plunger
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The full scale dolphins
u
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Quasi-static test (300 mm/h)
0MN
10MN
20MN
30MN
40MN
50MN
60MN
70MN
80MN
90MN
100MN
0.0m 2.0m 4.0m 6.0m 8.0m 10.0m 12.0m 14.0m 16.0m 18.0m
Test 05
ABAQUS - Test 5/9 UCONTACT
FCONTACT
F
Fcontact
ucontact
u
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Conclusion SIP physical modelling
� Model tests verify use of ABAQUS 3D FEMdifference in quasi-static ~ tests experimental accuracy
Physical modelling allowed confidence in
� force-displacement and dissipation response
� modelling "real" stratification and geometry of SIPs
� ability to provide cost efficient design at acceptable risk
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Namibia container terminal – "special soils"?
� Diatomaceous silt� 20 – 30 m layers� ρρρρsat = 1.25 Mg/m3
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Namibia container terminal – "special soils"?
� Diatomaceous silt
� 20 – 30 m layers
� ρρρρsat = 1.25 Mg/m3
� Highly plastic
� Ccεεεε = 0.36
� Cαεαεαεαε/Ccεεεε = 0.047
� ϕϕϕϕtr' = 34-35°
� c' = 8 – 16 kPa
� cu > 100 kPa
� still special?
CL-ML
ML
CL
ML or OL
OH or MH
CH
0
20
40
60
80
100
0 100 200 300 400
Ip [%]
wL [%]
Diatomaceous silt
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Namibia container terminal – "special soils"?
� Search for information
� Google i!
� Place it in perspective
� Then you can be innovative
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Geotechnical engineering is still fascinating ..
.. take a leap into the unknown and try an innovative approach