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Transcript of Ingles Basico
__________________________________________________________________ 1
GOVERNO DO ESTADO DO
AMAZONAS
CURSO DE QUALIFICAÇÃO PROFISSIONAL
INGLÊS BÁSICO
ALUNO (A): -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- PROFESSOR (A): ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CETAM SEPLAN Centro de Educação Tecnológica do
Amazonas Secretaria de Estado de Planejamento e
Desenvolvimento Econômico
Centro de Educação Tecnológica do Amazonas - CETAM
CONTENTS
• UNIT 1..................................................................................................... 04 English, an international language
• UNIT 2..................................................................................................... 05 Greetings
Definite article
Indefinite article
Verb to be
• UNIT 3..................................................................................................... 10 Object Pronouns
Possessive Pronouns
Possessive Adjectives
• UNIT 4..................................................................................................... 17 Demonstrative Pronouns
• UNIT 5..................................................................................................... 18 Interrogative Pronouns
• UNIT 6..................................................................................................... 22 Simple Present Tense – Verb there to be
Present Continuous Tense
• UNIT 7..................................................................................................... 26 Simple Past Tense – To be
Simple Past Tense – Verb There to be
Past Continuous Tense
• UNIT 8..................................................................................................... 35 Simple Present Tense
Simple Past Tense (Regular Verbs/Irregular Verbs)
• UNIT 9..................................................................................................... 41 Simple Future Tense
Future with going to
__________________________________________________________________ 2• UNIT 10................................................................................................... 47
Centro de Educação Tecnológica do Amazonas - CETAM
Interrogative Pronouns
How much/many?
• UNIT 11................................................................................................... 52 Present Perfect Tense
Adverbs used with the Present Perfect Tense
• UNIT 12................................................................................................... 56 Past Perfect Tense
• UNIT 13................................................................................................... 58 Plural of Nouns
Degrees of Adjectives
• UNIT 14................................................................................................... 65 Prepositions
• UNIT 15................................................................................................... 70 Reflexive Pronouns
• REVIEW EXERCISES ............................................................................ 72 • LISTS...................................................................................................... 91
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Centro de Educação Tecnológica do Amazonas - CETAM
UNIT 1
INTRODUCTION
English, an international language
Why learn English?
Because English is the most important international language in the
world. Some facts prove that: English is the international language of air and
sea travels, of computing, of pop music, of politics, of science and medicine,
sports, TV and films.
The World today is a very small place. Communication and travel are
very extremely quick: think of jets planes, satellite TV, telephones, telex and fax,
for example.
Because of this, we need a common language, and this language is
English. English s the first language in: Australia; Bahamas; Canada; Ireland;
Guyana; New Zealand; United States; United Kingdom.
And it is the official second in many other countries like: India, Nigeria,
South Africa, Israel.
English is slowly becoming more than one language, because in every
country it is spoken there are differences in some vocabulary words.
SPEAKING Now Interview two friends:
Friend 1:__________________________
Friend 2:__________________________
1. Are you interested in English?
2. Are you organized to learn English?
3. Are you a good English student?
Friend 1 Friend 2
YES NO YES NO
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UNIT 2
GREETINGS
Saudações e apresentações Greetings and introductions
Oi. Hi.
Tudo bem? How are you?
Qual seu nome? What is your name?
Oi, eu sou… Hi, I am…
Prazer. Nice to meet you.
Você conhece o João? Do you know João?
Eu quero lhe apresentar ao… I’d like you to meet...
Já ouvi falar muito de você. I’ve heard a lot about you.
VOCABULARY EXPANSION - NOUNS
Centro de Ed5
_______________
_______________
_______________
_______________
_______________
_______________
_______________
_______________
_______________
bus nook bike cup of coffee television
car hamburger airplane beaver
DEFINITE ARTICLE
The (o, a, os, as)
Is Joe the American boxer?
That’s the magic!
The Brazilian soccer players are the best..
Sue and Claire are the American students..
INDEFINITE ARTICLE
A / an (um, uma)
A – usado antes de sons consonantais
Sam is a lawyer.
Bill is a mechanic.
An –usado antes de sons vocálicos
Jane is an actor..
The game is an hour along.
A e an são usados somente no singular.
He is a skier, but they are swimmers
EXERCISES 1. Complete with a or an.
a) ___________ bus.
b) ___________ airplane.
c) ___________ book.
d) ___________ bike.
e) ___________ cup of coffee.
f) ___________ beaver.
g) ___________ television.
h) ___________ car.
i) ___________ decision.
j) ___________ hamburger.
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VOCABULARY EXPANSION – JOBS
__________________________________________________________________ 7
_____________ _______________ ______________ _______________ ________________ ______________ ______________ ______________ _______________ _______________ ________________ ____________
fireman policeman mechanic waiter painter dentist
nurse secretary teacher actor postman carpenter
student butcher lawyer
VERB TO BE
Subject Pronouns Verb to be – Simple Present Tense
I am a fireman.
You are a policeman.
Centro de Educação Tecnológica do Amazonas - CETAM
He is a mechanic.
She is a nurse.
It is an office.
We are divers.
You are lawyers.
They are students.
1. Verb to be
a) Forma afirmativa: She is a nurse.
Forma interrogativa: Is she a nurse?
Forma negativa: She is not a nurse.
b) Formas contratas:
Afirmativa: I’m – You’re – He’s – She’s – It’s – We’re – You’re – They’re
Negativa: I’m not – You’re not/You aren’t – He’s not/He isn’t – She’s
not/She isn’t – It’s not/It isn’t – We’re not/We aren’t –
You’re/You aren’t – They’re not/They aren’t
EXERCISES 1. Use the verb to be.
a) I________________ a student.
b) The world is _________________ a small place.
c) We______________ important.
d) Spanish ______________ our official language.
e) Communication and travel _______________ extremely quick.
f) You and I ____________ Brazilian.
g) Bruno and Maria _____________ Brazilian.
h) A jet plane ____________ very quick.
2. Add the verb to in the negative form.
a) These languages ______________ difficult.
b) Portuguese _________________ the official language in Europe.
c) That _______________ a jet plane.
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d) I _______________ on vacation.
e) The candies _______________ in the stove.
3. Change to question form.
a) A telephone is different from a fax.
……………………………………………………………………………………
b) This flat is small.
……………………………………………………………………………………
c) You are from Fortaleza.
……………………………………………………………………………………
d) These words are different in American English.
……………………………………………………………………………………
e) This cab is old and slow.
……………………………………………………………………………………
4. Rewrite the sentences substituting the words in bold for subject pronouns.
a) Are Ricardo, João and you skiers?
Yes, Ricardo, João and I are skiers.
……………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
b) Is that sport radical?
No, that sport is not radical.
……………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
c) Are Maria and Susan mountaineers?
No, Maria and Susan are not mountaineers. Mary and Susan are
swimmers.
……………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
d) Is Diana a driver?
Yes, Diana is a driver.
……………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
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10
GROUP ACTIVITY Formem grupos e elaborem um dialogo usando os GREETINGS e
algumas das profissões aprendidas.
UNIT 3
VOCABULARY EXPANSION – VERBS
Relacione as colunas:
1- To talk
2- To need
3- To help
4- To work
5- To love
6- To drink
7- To have
8- To ask
( ) Trabalhar
( ) Precisar
( ) Ter
( ) Perguntar
( ) Conversar
( ) Beber
( ) Amar
( ) Ajudar
OBJECT PRONOUNS
Subject Pronouns I You He She It We You They
Object Pronouns me you him her it us you them
Os object pronouns são usados como complementos verbais, vindo
imediatamente após um verbo ou uma preposição.
Call us tomorrow morning.
Peter is so tired! Talk to him.
EXERCISES 1. Fill in the blanks with object pronouns.
a) Look at me, Alex! I’m talking to ______________.
b) Jeanne needs your help. Please, study with ______________.
c) Your computer isn’t working well. Don’t leave ___________ on.
d) Samuel loves orange juice. He drinks ___________ every morning.
e) I have some books that Henry needs. So, I’m giving ______ to ______.
f) We need to see Mary today. Ask _______ to call ________.
VOCABULARY EXPANSION - NOUNS
__________________________________________________________________ 11
____________
____________
____________
____________
____________
house music radio
dog computer
POSSESSIVE PRONOUNS
That hamburger is mine. Those sandwiches are yours.
I Mine
You Yours
He His
She Hers
We Ours
Centro de Educação Tecnológica do Amazonas - CETAM
They Theirs
• Referem-se sempre ao possuidor.
• Não são seguidos de substantivos. I am playing with my father and you are playing with yours.
EXERCISES
1. Complete with the appropriate possessive pronoun.
a) ⎯ This isn’t our computer. Is it ____________?
⎯ Yes, it’s mine.
b) ⎯ Is Roberto doing his homework?
⎯ Yes, he is. And his sister Jane?
⎯ Jane is doing ___________ too.
c) ⎯ Is Carol and Magalia’s dog a Labrador?
⎯ No, __________ is a Cocker Spaniel.
d) ⎯ Is Joel’s father well?
⎯ Yes, he is. And yours?
⎯ ____________ is well, too.
e) ⎯ Is Susan’s book with Antonio?
⎯ No, ____________ is with Betty.
GENITIVE CASE: noun + ’s + noun
Jane’s video game is new.
Carlos’s (Carlos’) VCR is old.
The children’s radio is small.
Today’s news on TV is positive.
My parents’ TV set is big.
A forma possessiva é frequentemente usada com:
• Pessoas ou animais
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Tom’s full name is Thomas Wolf.
• Substantivos no plural não terminados em s
The children’s nicknames are Billy and Timmy.
• Nomes próprios terminados em s
Dennis’s mother is Jane.
• Expressões de tempo, medida, lugar e com alguns substantivos, tais como:
sun, sea, moon, government.
The sun’s rays are not always healthy.
• Usa-se somente o apóstrofo com substantives no plural terminados em s
The girls’ radios are new.
EXERCISES 1. Use the possessive form.
a) The experience of my friend.
………………………………………………………………………………………...
b) The house of those people.
………………………………………………………………………………………...
c) The first party of Mary Lou.
………………………………………………………………………………………...
d) The style of the teenagers.
………………………………………………………………………………………...
e) The music of Chopin.
………………………………………………………………………………………...
f) The meeting of the ecologists.
………………………………………………………………………………………...
g) The protest of the youngsters.
………………………………………………………………………………………...
h) The stories of the adults.
………………………………………………………………………………………...
2. Follow de example.
a) One of Joe’s colleagues is here.
A colleague of Joe’s is here.
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b) One of Albert’s brothers is living abroad.
………………………………………………………………………………………...
c) One of my mother’s friends left for Italy.
………………………………………………………………………………………...
d) I am one of Prince’s fans.
………………………………………………………………………………………...
d) ”Tropicália” is one of Caetano’s songs.
………………………………………………………………………………………...
VOCABULARY EXPANSION – FAMILY
__________________________________________________________________ 14
________________ _______________ _______________ _______________ _________________ _______________ _________________ _______________
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Grandfather Father Sisters Son Daughter
Mother Grandmother Brothers
POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES
My grandfather is shy.
His sister is shy.
Their mother is shy.
I My
You Your
He His
She Her
It Its
We our
They their
• Referem-se sempre ao possuidor.
• Vêm sempre acompanhados de substantivos.
• Não são antecedidos de artigos.
John is shy, but his cousin isn’t.
EXERCISES 1. Complete with possessive adjectives.
a) William is my brother. ___________ nickname is Bill.
b) Joan is living in a four bedroom house now. ________ house is very big.
c) We are working in San Francisco, but _________ brothers are working in
Los Angeles.
d) Prince Charles is talking to ___________ mother. Queen Elizabeth.
Centro de Educação Tecnológica do Amazonas - CETAM
e) Tim and Tom are playing. They are playing with ___________ pet.
f) I am drinking red wine, but __________ favorite drink is white wine.
g) My dog is black and white, but ____________ mother is all black.
h) Susan and I are eating ____________ pasta now.
i) William’s father is prince Charles and ____________brother’s name is
Harry.
2. Possessive adjective or possessive pronoun?
a) Why don’t you read a poem of yours ?
b) The T-shirt Sandra is wearing is not ___________. It belongs to
_________ brother.
c) My friend and I always do __________ lessons at the library. Where do
you and ___________ friends do ___________?
d) Teenagers usually express ___________ feelings. Do adults express
___________?
e) Susan didn’t write ___________ name on that book. Is the book really
___________?
f) We develop ___________ creativity. Some ideas of ___________ often
become hits.
g) Some people create ____________ own fashion style.
h) Of course I think about ___________ problems. You have to think about
__________ too.
i) The magazine I’m reading is not ____________ It has no name on
__________ cover. Is it yours?
j) Clodovil is famous for _____________ clothes. A dress of __________
costs a lot.
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UNIT 4
DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUNS
Singular: This (isto, este, esta), that (aquilo, aquele, aquela).
• This- refere-se à coisa, animal ou pessoa que está próxima de quem
fala.
• That- refere-se à coisa, animal ou pessoa que está distante de quem
fala.
• This e that- podem funcionar como adjetivos, antes do substantivo (this
sandwich; that salad), ou como pronomes substantivos (this is for you;
that is for me). Exemplo: What’s this? – pergunta o que é uma coisa que está perto da pessoa
que fala.
What’s that? – pergunta o que é uma coisa que está longe da pessoa
que fala.
Plural: these (estes; estas), those (aqueles; aquelas).
• These- refere-se à coisas, animais ou pessoas que estão próximos de
quem fala.
• Those- refere-se à coisas, animais ou pessoas que estão distantes de
quem fala.
• These e those- podem funcionar como adjetivos, antes do substantivo
(these cookies; those pies), ou como pronomes substantivos (these are
good; those are bad).
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Exemplo: What are these? - pergunta "o que são estas" coisas que estão perto
da pessoa que fala.
What are those? – pergunta "o que são aquelas" coisas que estão
longe da pessoa que fala.
UNIT 5
INTERROGATIVE PRONOUNS
Who - quem (usado como sujeito da oração).
Whose – de quem.
Exemplo: Who is he?
He is Paul.
Whose computer is this?
It’s Ted’s computer.
__________________________________________________________________ 18
Who is this man? Who is this woman?
……………………………. ……..……………………………
Centro de Educação Tecnológica do Amazonas - CETAM
EXECISES 1. Make up dialogs.
Model: Radio / his / John Smith
Whose radio is it?
It’s his.
Who is this man?
He is John Smith.
a) Dvd / hers / Joan Green.
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
b) Computer/ theirs / Carol and Paul Wright.
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
c) Radio / mine / Kate Miller.
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
d) TV set / ours / Peter and Robert Watson.
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
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20
VOCABULARY EXPANSION - VERS
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
_____________
to wait to cough to sit to sleep
to eat to cry
INTERROGATIVE PRONOUNS
Why – Por que?
Exemplo: Why are you here?
Because I want to see you.
Usos:
• Why – Usado em perguntas.
• Because – Usado em respostas.
EXERCISES
1. Match questions and answers.
a) Why is he happy?
b) Why is he using your mobile phone?
c) Why are they leaving?
d) Why is Mary studying?
( ) Because he needs to talk to Peter now.
( ) Because he won a lot of money.
( ) Because she has a test.
( ) Because they must sleep early.
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22
UNIT 6
VOCABULARY EXPANSION – VERBS
______________
______________
______________
______________
______________
______________
to wake up to run to sing to swim
to write to look
SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE - VERB THERE TO BE
There is / There are – Simple present tense
Affirmative Form
There is (there’s) a participant in radical sports in our group.
There are participants in radical sports in our group.
Interrogative Form
Is there a participant in radical sports in our group?
Are there participants in radical sports in our group?
Negative Form
There is not (there isn’t) a participant in radical sports in our
group.
There are not (there aren’t) participants in radical sports in our
group.
There is – seguido de substantivos incontáveis ou no singular.
There are – seguido de substantivos contáveis no plural.
EXERCISES 1. There is or there are?
a) ________________ international films on TV.
b) ________________ different countries with different languages.
c) ________________ a boy in the elevator.
d) ________________ a subway in São Paulo.
e) ________________ delicious candies for you on the stove.
2. Change to negative and, then, to interrogative form.
a) There are two correct answers for this questions.
There are not (aren’t) two correct answers for this question.
Are there two correct answers for this questions?
b) There is a telephone in the classroom.
……………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………...
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c) There are difficult words in the text.
……………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………...
d) There are different languages in Brazil.
……………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………...
VOCABULARY EXPANSION – VERBS
_____________________ ______________________
__________________________________________________________________ 24
______________________ _______________________ _______________________ ________________________ to smoke to paint to think
to walk to stand to clean
PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE
Centro de Educação Tecnológica do Amazonas - CETAM
Present Continuous Tense
Form: To be (present tense) + verb + ing
Affirmative form Interrogative form Negative form
I am sleeping.
She is watching TV.
They are dancing.
Am I sleeping?
Is she watching TV?
Are they dancing?
I am not sleeping.
She is not watching TV.
They are not dancing.
1. “ing”
a) regra geral: verbo + ing
read – reading I am reading the newspaper now.
b) verbos terminados em:
• e – elimina-se o e e acrescenta-se ing: drive – driving
We are driving south.
• ie – troca-se o ie por y e acrescenta-se ing: die – dying
It is dying.
c) verbos monossílabos ou dissílabos oxítonos terminados em:
consoante + vogal + consoante: dobra-se a última consoante e
acrescenta-se ing run – running swim – swimming
He is running in the park.
We are swimming very well.
2. Usos:
• Enunciar ações que estejam ocorrendo no momento em que se fala:
Look! They are talking to the skiers now.
__________________________________________________________________ 25
• Enunciar situções temporárias:
I am working in Brazil now.
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EXERCISES 1. Use the present continuous tense.
a) (to become) English __________________ an international language.
b) (to translate) I __________________ the text.
c) (to communicate) We __________________ the fact.
d) (to prepare) They __________________ a protest T-shirt.
2. Use the present continuous tense.
a) (to sit) You __________________ on my new jeans.
b) (to cut) Sue and Jeff __________________ the cake.
c) (to put on) We __________________ our t-shirt.
3. Use the present continuous tense.
a) (to begin) Democracy __________________.
b) (to emit) That factory __________________ carbon dioxide.
c) (to control) The policeman __________________ the traffic.
d) (to arrest) The sheriff __________________ the bandits.
4. Use the present continuous tense.
a) (to lie) They __________________! I want the truth.
b) (to improve) You __________________ your English.
c) (to lead) He __________________ the students.
d) (to get dressed) Wait a minute! Mary __________________.
e) (to come) The students __________________ first.
f) (to begin) This place __________________ to become political.
g) (to study) I __________________ about democracy and dictatorship in the
world.
h) (to die) Look! This flower __________________.
i) (to wait) The band leader __________________ for you.
j) (to take) You and I __________________ English lessons now.
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5. Change to negative form.
a) You are thinking about politics.
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
b) The boys are going to the beach now.
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
c) She is sitting irreverently.
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
d) I am writing a text at the moment.
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
6. Change to question form.
a) I am choosing the correct answer.
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
b) That student is getting good marks.
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
c) You are really learning the new words.
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
d) Many animal species are dying.
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
e) People are claiming for justice.
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
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UNIT 7
VOCABULARY EXPANSION – VERBS
__________________________________________________________________ 28
_____________________________ ____________________ ____________________________ __________________ _ _____________________________ ______________________
SIMPLE PAST TENSE – TO BE
to count to take a bath to fly
to throw to catch to study
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Affirmative form Interrogative form Negative form
I was here yesterday.
You were here
yesterday.
He was here
yesterday.
She was here
yesterday.
It was here yesterday.
We were here
yesterday.
You were here
yesterday.
They were here
yesterday.
Was I here yesterday?
Were you here
yesterday?
Was he here
yesterday?
Was she here
yesterday?
Was it here yesterday?
Were we here
yesterday?
Were you here
yesterday?
Were they here
yesterday?
I was not here yesterday. You were not here
yesterday. He was not here
yesterday. She was not here
yesterday.
It was not here yesterday.
We were not here
yesterday.
You were not here
yesterday.
They were not here
yesterday.
EXERCISES 1. Complete the sentences with the simple past tense of the verb to be.
a) Bob and Mary _____________ sad last night.
b) _____________ Mr. Smith happy with his job last year?
c) I’m sure Ralph _____________ an ambitious man.
d) We didn’t understand the explanation last class. It _____________ really
difficult.
e) Betty and Marian _____________ ugly when they were young.
2. Use the past tense of the verb to be to complete the dialogs below:
a) Where _____________ you two years ago?
I _____________ in Washington.
__________________________________________________________________ 29b) What _____________ the young man’s smile like?
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30
It _____________ very kind.
c) Who _____________ your first boyfriend?
His name _____________ Mark. He and I were thirteen years old.
_____________ he your classmate?
No, he _____________. He _____________ my cousin’s friend.
d) When _____________ you in Canada?
We _____________ there in 1998.
VOCABULARY EXPANSION - VERBS
___________
___________
___________
___________
___________
___________
___________
to fight to dance to bloom to cook
to laugh to get married to climb
SIMPLE PAST TENSE - VERB THERE TO BE
There was / There were – Simple Past Tense
Affirmative form There was a garden in the palace.
There were roses in the garden.
Interrogative form Was there a garden in the palace.
Were there roses in the garden?
Negative form There was not a garden in the palace.
There were not roses in the garden.
EXERCISES 1. Change to the simple past tense.
a) There are hamburgers in the bridge.
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
b) It is a very large palace. There is even a room full of gold.
……………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………...
c) That yellow rose is ugly and it has no smell.
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
d) There are good books with games and mazes.
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
VOCABULARY EXPANSION – VERBS
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________________________ __________________________
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________________________ __________________________
__________________________________________________________________ 32
________________________ __________________________
to watch TV to ride to come
to go to speak to listen
PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE
Past Continuous Tense
Form: To be (past tense) + verb + ing
Affirmative form Interrogative form Negative form
She was writing a
story last night.
You were reading
tales last night.
Was she writing a story
last night?
Were she reading tales
last night?
She was not writing story
last night.
You were not reading tales last night.
Usos:
• Expressa uma ação que estava acontecendo em determinado momento,
no passado:
Tom was sending e-mails in the morning.
• Expressa uma ação que estava acontecendo em determinado momento,
no passado, quando outra ação ocorreu:
The prince was playing polo when the reporters arrived.
• Com while, expressa duas ações contínuas e simultâneas no passado:
While John was studying English, her boyfriend was studying Spanish.
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EXERCISES 1. Use the past continuous tense.
a) (to do) Jerry _________________ his lessons at that time.
b) (to shit) I _________________ down when he came back.
c) (to have) They _________________ breakfast when we arrived.
d) (to run) The athlete _________________ when he fell down.
e) (to turn) She _________________ off the TV when she saw me.
f) (to get) As the children _________________ hungry, we decided to stop for a
snack.
g) (to think) When you phoned, I _________________ about you.
h) (to travel) When they _________________ abroad, they sent me a postcard.
2. Use the past continuous tense.
a) (to sing/ to dance) While Eric Clapton _____________________, Madonna
_____________________.
b) (to daydream/ to clean) The girls _____________________ while their
mother _____________________ the house.
c) (to walk/ to watch) While she _____________________ in the forest, wolves
_____________________ her.
d) (to work/ to do) I _____________________ hard while you
_____________________ nothing.
3. Change to negative form.
a) He was listening to the radio when I turned it off.
……………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………....
b) The man was protesting when the police arrived.
……………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………....
c) The baby was crying while his mother was preparing some food.
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……………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………....
4. Change to interrogative form.
a) The man was dying when they called a doctor.
……………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………....
b) She was eating vanilla ice-cream when we met.
……………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………....
c) It was raining when we came here.
……………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………....
5. Give long answers.
a) Were you having dinner when your sweetheart phoned?
……………………………………………………………………………………………
b) Was your boyfriend reading a tale during the class?
…………………………………………………………………………………………....
c) Was your mother working while you were studying?
…………………………………………………………………………………………....
d) Were the students feeling nervous when the test began?
…………………………………………………………………………………………....
e) Was the bus leaving when saw it?
…………………………………………………………………………………………....
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UNIT 8
VOCABULARY EXPANSION – VERBS
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______________________ _____________________
______________________ _____________________
______________________ _____________________
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to cut to hold to open
to close to jump to wash
SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE
Affirmative form Interrogative form Negative form
I work. You work. He works. She works.
It works. We work. You work. They work.
Do I work? Do you work?
Does he work? Does she work?
Does it work? Do we work? Do you work? Do they work?
I do not work. You do not work.
He does not work. She does not work.
It does not work. We do not work. You do not work. They do not work.
1. Formação da 3a pessoa do singular (forma afirmativa):
a) Regra Geral: verbo + s
(get) She gets home late every night.
(use) He uses the computer in the afternoon.
b) Verbos terminados em:
• S, z, ch, sh, x, o: verbo + es
(brush) She brushes her teeth three times a day.
(go) It goes from north to south.
• Consoante + y: verbo + ies
(study) Sally studies English on Tuesdays and Thursday.
(cry) The baby cries every night.
• Exceção: have – has
She has lunch at a restaurant every Saturday.
2. Usos:
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• Expressar ações habituais, geralmente indicadas por expressões adverbiais
de tempo (every day, Monday, on Fridays…) ou advérbios de frequência
(always, never, usually, often, sometimes, seldom…)
I always get dressed before breakfast.
• Exprimir fatos em geral
I like to travel
We live in Argentina
• Enunciar verdade em geral:
Water boils at 100 degrees Celsius.
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EXERCISES 1. Use the simple present tense.
a) (to work) Tom _________________ in a shopping center.
b) (to buy) Teenagers _________________ special type of clothes.
c) (to consider) I _________________ this point very significant.
d) (to have) She _________________ a special way to say hello.
e) (to break) That boy always _________________ school system rules.
2. Use the simple present tense.
a) (to wash) She _________________her clothes on Mondays.
b) (to teach) Sarah _________________ English.
c) (to relax) Joe _________________after lunch.
d) (to go) He _________________ to school in the morning.
e) (to buzz) A bee _________________.
3. Use the Simple present tense.
a) (to cry) She _________________ like a baby.
b) (to study) Paul _________________ Spanish.
c) (to fly) A jet plane _________________ long distances.
d) (to play) He _________________ guitar very well.
4. Use the simple present tense.
a) (to study) Mary _________________English twice a week.
b) (to say) He seldom _________________ hello to me.
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c) (to have) That student _________________ to develop his creativity.
d) (to protest) They always _________________ against corruption.
e) (to live) They _________________ on little money.
f) (to teach) He _________________ French to teenager.
g) (to do) Henry _________________ his homework in the afternoon.
h) (to meet) Sometimes they _________________ their friends at the club.
i) (to buy) We _________________ our clothes in shopping center.
5. Change to negative form.
a) Certain ideas become a fashion hit.
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
b) He studies at home every day.
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
c) The teacher explains every new word.
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
d) They mobilize only the middle classes.
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
e) My mother relaxes after lunch.
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
6. Change to interrogative form.
a) You have a rebellious trait in your personality.
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
b) Youngsters take to the streets to protest.
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
c) I develop my creativity.
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
d) Mary claims for justice.
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
e) Bob does all the work in the shop.
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
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VOCABULARY EXPANSION – VERBS
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_____________________ _______________________
_____________________ _______________________
_____________________ _______________________
SIMPLE PAST TENSE
to lose to put on to want
to buy to win to spill
Simple Past Tense (Regular Verbs)
Affirmative form Interrogative form Negative form
I worked yesterday.
You worked yesterday.
He worked yesterday.
She worked yesterday.
It worked yesterday.
We worked yesterday.
You worked yesterday.
They worked yesterday.
Did I work yesterday?
Did you work yesterday?
Did he work yesterday?
Did she work yesterday?
Did it work yesterday?
Did we work yesterday?
Did you work yesterday?
Did they work yesterday?
I did not work. You did not work. He did not work. She did not work. It did not work. We did not work. You did not work. They did not work.
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a) Forma afirmativa:
• Regra Geral: verbo + ed
The concert started at nine o’clock and finished at midnight.
• Verbos Terminados em e: verbo + d
They closed the store at nine last night.
• Verbos terminados em y, precedido de consoante: y + ied
The children studied for the test two days ago.
• Verbos monossílabos tônicos e dissílabos oxítonos terminados em
consoante + vogal + consoante: dobra-se a última consoante e
acrescenta-se ed. The train stopped at this station at five o’clock.
b) Expressar uma ação completa no passado, geralmente indicada por
advérbios ou expressões adverbiais de tempo (yesterday, a week ago, last
month etc.).
They opened that mark last month.
Simple past tense (irregular verbs)
Affirmative form She saw the movie yesterday.
They met Bob at a restaurant last night.
Interrogative form Did she see the movie yesterday?
Did they meet Bob at the restaurant last night?
Negative form She didn’t see the movie yesterday.
They didn’t meet Bob at a restaurant last
night.
Há uma lista de verbos irregulares no final da apostila.
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Centro de Educação Tecnológica do Amazonas - CETAM
UNIT 9
VOCABULARY EXPANSION – VERBS
_______________________ _____________________
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_______________________ _____________________
Centro de Educação Tecnológica do Amazonas - CETAM
_______________________ _____________________
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to turn off to turn on to share
to give to call to throw away
SIMPLE FUTURE TENSE
Affirmative form Interrogative form Negative form
I will learn.
You will learn.
He will learn.
She will learn.
It will learn.
We will learn.
You will learn.
They will learn.
Will I learn?
Will you learn?
Will he learn?
Will she learn?
Will it learn?
Will we learn?
Will you learn?
Will they learn?
I will not learn.
You will not learn.
He will not learn.
She will not learn.
It will not learn.
We will not learn.
You will not learn.
They will not learn.
Usos:
• Expressa a provável realização de uma ação no futuro:
They will probably keep a laboratory in space.
• Exprime ações futures decididas no momento em que se fala:
Okay! I’ll think about a solution to the problem.
• Além de advérbios ou expressões adverbiais de tempo (tomorrow, next
week, in two months etc.), este tempo verbal é geralmente usado com
palavras que expressam dúvida, como I think, probably, I’m not sure…
EXERCISES 1. Use the simple future.
a) (to study) All of us ________________ hard from now on.
b) (to send) The Jetsons ________________ you a letter from Mexico.
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c) (to open) They ________________ some fashion shops next month.
d) (to get) You ________________ strong muscles if you practice sports.
e) (to play) Artur Moreira Lima ________________ Mozart in next concert.
f) (to have) In a short time we ________________ the money to travel abroad.
g) (there to be) Some day ________________ peace in the world.
2. Change to negative form.
a) I’ll photograph only the beautiful scenes.
…………………………………………………………………………………………....
b) They will come back at 9 o’clock.
…………………………………………………………………………………………....
c) The tourist will visit all the churches in the city.
…………………………………………………………………………………………....
…………………………………………………………………………………………....
d) We’ll travel to London by plane.
…………………………………………………………………………………………....
e) Chess will make you lose weight.
…………………………………………………………………………………………....
3. Change to interrogative form.
a) You will remember to bring me the car.
…………………………………………………………………………………………....
b) He will love her forever.
…………………………………………………………………………………………....
c) The wolf will eat the rabbit.
…………………………………………………………………………………………....
d) There will be a good opportunity for us.
…………………………………………………………………………………………....
4. First change to negative form and, then, complete.
a) He will stay here. (to go back to Bahia)
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He won’t stay here, he will go back to Bahia.
b) Next class we’ll study Spanish. (mathematics)
…………………………………………………………………………………………....
…………………………………………………………………………………………....
c) She will be in Paris next month. (to come back to London)
…………………………………………………………………………………………....
…………………………………………………………………………………………....
d) Tom Cruise will play guitar in his next film. (to sing)
…………………………………………………………………………………………....
…………………………………………………………………………………………....
e) Frank will study to be a doctor. (an engineer)
…………………………………………………………………………………………....
…………………………………………………………………………………………....
f) Tomorrow you will pay 5 dollars for a hamburger. (only 4 dollars)
…………………………………………………………………………………………....
…………………………………………………………………………………………....
VOCABULARY EXPANSION – VERBS
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________________________ _______________________
V
________________________ _______________________
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________________________
__________________________________________________________________ 45
to color to find to look for
to fix to break
FUTURE WITH GOING TO
Form: to be (present tense) + going to + verb
Affirmative form He is going to build a house at the beach.
They are going to build a house at the beach.
Interrogative form Is he going to build a house at the beach?
Are they going to build a house at the beach?
Negative form He is not going to build a house at the beach.
They are not going to build a house at the beach.
Usos:
• Expressa ações que já decidimos ou pretendemos realizar no futuro:
I am going to sell my apartment at the beach next year.
• Expressa ações que achamos que irão acontecer devido a alguma situação
no presente:
She has the money now. She is going to pay the doctor tomorrow.
• É geralmente indicado por advérbios ou expressões adverbiais de tempo,
como: tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, next Sunday, next year, soon.
We are going to join the group soon.
EXERCISES
1. Express the future with going to.
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a) (to rest) We are tired. We _______________________ for a while.
b) (to keep) They _______________________ their daily routine.
c) (to study) I _______________________ English this afternoon.
d) (to overcome) She _______________________ her problems.
e) (to go) Your group _______________________ to the museum tomorrow.
2. Change to interrogative form.
a) They are going to meet us at school.
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
b) We are going to play that game again.
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
c) She is going to eat fast food tonight.
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
d) The boys are going to prepare a surprise party.
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
e) His family is going to travel Saturday night.
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
3. First change to negative form and, then, complete.
a) I’m going to the movies. (theatre)
I’m not going to the movies. I’m going to the theatre.
b) I am going to drink a orange juice. (milkshake)
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
c) We are going to visit Pará. (Amazonas)
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
d) You are going to buy a white T-shirt. (purple T-shirt)
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
e) Sam is going to sell his house. (his car) __________________________________________________________________ 46
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…………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
4. Give short answers.
a) Is your dog going to take a bath today?
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
b) Are those boys going to smoke in the classroom?
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
c) Are you going to do this exercises?
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
d) Are the students going to read these sentences?
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
e) Is your colleague going to behave well at school?
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
f) Is your mother going to prepare dinner?
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
UNIT 10
INTERROGATIVE PRONOUNS
What- qual, quais, o que
Exemplo: What is your occupation? __________________________________________________________________ 47
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What is a electric circuit?
What about- que tal
Exemplo: What about going to the theater?
What … like?- Expressão usada para perguntar, sobre aspectos geográficos,
físicos ou psicológicos.
Exemplo: What is Manaus like?
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When- Quando
Exemplo: When does that girl play volleyball?
On Tuesdays and Fridays.
VOCABULARY EXPANSION – DAYS
WEEK
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EXERCISES
Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday
Wake
up late
Go to
school
Go to
school
Go to
school
Go to
school
Go to
school
Work at
a snack
bar.
Have
lunch at
grand-
parents
house
Swim at
a gym
Have
English
class
Swim at a
gym
Have
English
class
work at
a snack
bar
Play
soccer.
Watch
TV
Play
soccer
Go to
the
cinema
Play soccer Watch
TV
Go to a
disco
Go to
the
cinema.
1. Give complete answers about Ronald’s weekly activities.
a) When does Ronald work at a snack bar?
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
b) When does Ronald swim at a gym?
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
c) When does he have lunch at his grandparents house?
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
d) When does he play soccer?
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
e) When does he go to the cinema?
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
f) When does he go to the disco?
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…………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
g) When does he go to school?
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
h) When does he wake up late?
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
i) What was Ronald doing on Monday?
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
j) What was Ronald doing on Tuesday?
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
l) What was the first thing that Ronald did on Saturday?
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
m) What was the last thing that Ronald did on Wednesday?
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
HOW MUCH / MANY ?
Quantifiers
Much / a lot of
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Affirmative There is much / a lot of sugar in the cup.
Negative There isn’t much / a lot of salt in that steak.
Interrogative Is there much / a lot of milk in the glass?
Many / a lot of
Affirmative There are many / a lot of apples in the basket.
Negative There aren’t many / a lot of pears in the dish.
Interrogative Are there many / a lot of oranges in the refrigerator?
Usos:
• Much é usado com substantivos incontáveis.
Is there much cheese in the freezer?
• Many é usado com substantivos contáveis.
There are many watermelons on the table.
EXERCISES 1. Complete the sentences with many or much and the suggested word.
a) (milk) I want to prepare pancakes, but there isn’t ______________________.
Let’s buy some.
b) (apple) There are ______________________ in the refrigerator. Let’s make
a pie.
c) (orange) I am going to make a fruit salad but there aren’t ________________
_____________ in the refrigerator.
d) (rose) Your garden isn’t beautiful now because there aren’t ______________
___________ in it.
e) (sugar) We can’t prepare this pudding because you didn’t bring ___________
_____________.
f) (lettuce) Children don’t like to eat ______________________, but they are
very good for their health.
g) (ham) There isn’t ______________________in the refrigerator, let’s buy
some.
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INTERROGATIVE WORDS
• How much cheese do you need for the pie?
Uncountable noun
• How many melons did you buy yesterday?
Countable noun
EXERCISES 1. Make up questions using how many or how much.
a)…………………………………………………………………………………………
There are three bedrooms in my house.
b) …………………………………………………………………………………………
Jane’s father bought a lot of pears yesterday.
c) …………………………………………………………………………………………
I drink one cup of tea every day.
d) …………………………………………………………………………………………
There were five thieves in the bank last night.
UNIT 11
PRESENT PERFECT TENSE
Present Perfect Tense
Form: To have (present tense) + verb (past participle)
Affirmative form Interrogative form Negative form
I have tried it. He has tried it. She has tried it.
It has tried it.
Have I tried it?
Has he tried it?
Has she tried it?
Has it tried it?
I have not tried it. He has not tried it. She has not tried it.
It has not tried it.
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We have tried it. You have tried it. They have tried it.
Have we tried it?
Have you tried it?
Have they tried it?
We have not tried it. You have not tried it. They have not tried it.
1. Formação (past participle)
• Verbos regulares: verbo + ed / d / ied
to start- started to live- lived to cry- cried
• Verbos irregulares: forma própria (Veja a lista de verbos irregulares no
final da apostila).
to give- given
2. Forma Contrata
I have – I’ve
You have not – You haven’t
She has not – She Hasn’t
3. Usos:
• Expressa ações ou situações que começaram no passado e continuam
até o presente.
We have been here for a long time.
Nesse caso, o present perfect tense é bastante usado com:
o for (durante, por, há), indicando a duração de algum
acontecimento.
I’ve have lived in Brazil for two years.
o since (desde), indicando o início de um período de tempo.
Ann has lived in Brazil since 2005.
• O present perfect tense também é usado com os seguintes advérbios de
tempo indefinido: lately (ultimamente), recently (recentemente), several
times (diversas vezes), many times (muitas vezes).
This problem has happened several times.
• Expressa ações ou eventos passados completamente terminados, desde
que tenham importância no presente.
Sam is well now. He has been to a doctor.
EXERCISES
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1. Complete with the present perfect tense.
a) (to try) I ___________________ a cash machine near here.
b) (to live) Alex ___________________ in Ireland for many years.
c) (to be) We ___________________ friends since childhood.
d) (to buy) Your mother and father ___________________ some interesting
books lately.
e) (to eat) Carol ___________________ a lot of sugar. That’s not good for her
because of the carbohydrates.
f) (to make) My husband and I ___________________ up our minds, we are
going to buy a small house in the country next October.
g) (to work) Susan ___________________ well lately.
h) (to have) You ___________________ a lot of time to study since last year.
i) (to eat) They ___________________ different diets in the last month.
2. Write sentences using for:
a) I am here (one hour)
I’ve been here for one hour.
b) Parents advises us to eat more vegetables. (sometimes)
………………………………………………………………………………………….....
c) She does her best to help you. (a long time)
………………………………………………………………………………………….....
d) Steven Spielberg is an excellent movie director. (many years)
………………………………………………………………………………………….....
3. Write sentences using since:
a) Paul is very shy. (he was a little boy)
………………………………………………………………………………………….....
b) Your girlfriend loves you. (she was 13 years old)
………………………………………………………………………………………….....
………………………………………………………………………………………….....
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c) Eric has some duties at home. (last years)
………………………………………………………………………………………….....
ADVERBS USED WITH THE PRESENT PERFECT TENSE
• Already: in affirmative and interrogative sentences.
We have already lived in Scotland.
Have you already lived in Scotland?
• Always: in affirmative sentences
We have always lived in Scotland.
• Ever: in interrogative sentences
Have you ever lived in Scotland?
• Yet: in interrogative and negative sentences
Have you lived in Scotland yet?
We haven’t lived in Scotland yet.
• Never: in affirmative sentences with negative idea
We have never lived in Scotland.
EXERCISES 1. Answer the questions in full using already or never.
a) Has she ever been to Houston?
No,……………………………………………………………………………………......
b) Have they ever driven so fast?
No,……………………………………………………………………………………......
c) Has she ever eaten pretzels?
Yes,……………………………………………………………………………………….
d) Have you ever read “O Principe”?
Yes,……………………………………………………………………………………….
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2. Complete de dialogs using already, always, ever, never or yet.
a) Have you _________________ studied for your English test?
No, I haven’t studied for it _________________.
b) Are you the author of this book?
Yes, I am.
It’s such a pleasure to meet you. I have _________________ wanted to talk
to you.
c) Has your friend _________________ been to Australia?
Yes, he _________________ taught Portuguese there. He is a great
teacher.
What about you?
Oh, I’ve _________________ been to Australia.
UNIT 12
PAST PERFECT TENSE
Past Perfect Tense
Form: had + verb (in the past participle)
Affirmative I (you, he, she, it, we, you, they) had found a solution before
he came up with a new idea.
Interrogative Had they found a solution before he came up with a new
idea?
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Negative They had not found a solution before he came up with a new
idea.
Usos:
• Expressa uma ação que ocorreu antes de uma outra, no passado.
When my parents arrived home, I had already gone out.
EXERCISES 1. Complete the sentences with the past perfect tense of the verbs in
parentheses.
a) (come back) I ____________________ to school before the teachers arrived.
b) (teach) Mr. Block ___________________ English in Japan before he went
back to England
c) (hear) The neighbors ___________________ never ___________________
of any problems with the nuclear power plant before the accident happened.
d) (run away) When the police entered the houses, the criminals
___________________ already ___________________.
e) (remind) Before I talked to the family, some friends ___________________
me of the problems I might face.
f) (decide) Mary ___________________ to drop by her friend’s house before I
called her.
2. Rewrite the sentences.
a) First she studied, and then she played with her friends.
After she had studied, she played with her friends.
b) First we hung the menorahs in the windows, and then we went out.
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
c) First the children broke the mirror, and then they carried the pieces outdoors.
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
d) First she cleaned the house, and then she took a shower.
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……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
e) First you agreed with the congressmen, and then you complained about their
political plans.
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
f) First my cousin gave all his things to a poor family, and then he disappeared.
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
g) First they ate dinner at a restaurant, and then they left for a movie theater.
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
UNIT 13
PLURAL OF NOUNS
1. Regra Geral: Acrecenta-se S aos substantivos:
Boy- boys husband- husbands
2. Com Substantivos terminados em s, z, sh, ch, x, o, acrescenta-se es.
Beach- beaches potato- potatoes
Dish- dishes match- matches
• Exceções: acrecenta-se apenas s aos substantivos: __________________________________________________________________ 58
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o Terminados em o, precedidos de vogal ou que forem de origem
estrangeira:
Radio- radios photo-photos
Zoo- zoos piano- pianos
o Terminados em ch com som de k:
Monarch- monarchs epoch- epochs
3. Com substantivos terminados em y antecedidos de consoante, elimina-se o
y e acrescenta-se ies:
Strawberry- strawberries city- cities
4. Com substantivos terminados em f ou fe, elimina-se o f ou fe e acrescenta-
se ves.
Life- lives wife-wives knife-knives
Half-halves leaf- leaves thief- thieves
5. Alguns substantivos formam o plural de modo irregular:
Child- children person- people
Man- men foot- feet
Woman- women tooth- teeth
Ox- oxen goose- geese
mouse- mice
EXERCISES 1. Change to plural form.
a) policeman- _________________
b) dishwasher-_________________
c) thief-______________________
d) grandchild-_________________
e) piano- ____________________
f) chief-______________________
g) tooth-_____________________
h) sandwich-__________________
i) hand-______________________
j) fox-________________________
l) strawberry-__________________
m) tomato-____________________
n) stomach-___________________
o) pockets-___________________
p) process-____________________
q) typist-______________________
r) cowboy-____________________
s) housewife-__________________
t) boss-______________________
u) mouse-____________________
2. Change to the singular form.
a) The women are driving their children to school.
………………………………………………………………………………...................
b) These babies have two teeth.
………………………………………………………………………………...................
c) Those men are waiting for you.
………………………………………………………………………………...................
d) There are people waiting to see her now.
………………………………………………………………………………..................
VOCABULARY EXPANSION - ADJECTIVES
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60
__________________ _____________________
__________________ _____________________
__________________ _____________________
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strong / weak beautiful / ugly boring / funny
heavy / light slow / fast big / small
DEGREES OF ADJECTIVES
Degrees of Comparison – Simple Degree
Affirmative sentences
As + adjective + as Joe is as rich as Mary
Bob is as poor as Joe.
Negative sentences
Not + as/so + adjective + as Jane is not as young as Pamela.
Susan is not so old as Carol.
Degrees of Comparison – Comparative degree
One syllable
Adjective + er + than
Helen is shorter than Julie.
This bike is cheaper than that one.
Two or more syllables
More + adjective + than
This appliance is more expensive than that one.
This problem is more difficult than the other one.
1. Adjetivos monossílabos:
• Terminados em e acrescenta-se apenas r: Joan is nicer than Susy.
• Terminados em consoante + vogal + consoante, dobram a consoante final
e acrecenta-se er: Sally is fatter than Jim, so Jim is thinner than Sally.
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2. Adjetivos dissílabos:
• Na sua memória, formam o grau comparativo usando more + adjetivo + than. Alguns adjetivos de duas sílabas, tais como stupid, gentle, polite,
quiet, simple, common, clever, narrow e pleasant, admitem as duas
formas: adjetivo + er + than ou more + adjetivo + than. Your son is more polite / politer than mine.
3. Adjetivos terminados em y precedidos de consoante, elimina-se o y e
acrescenta-se ier: This exercises is easier than that one.
The boys are uglier than the girls.
• Exceção: shy- shyer
4. Formas irregulars:
Life today is better than in the past.
Good – better
Bad – worse
EXERCISES 1. Make sentences.
a) John / tall / Bob
John isn’t as tall as Bob.
So John is shorter than Bob.
b) Mary / fat / Jane.
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
c) Cristina / fat / Jane
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
d) This problem / difficult / that problem
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63
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
e) This watch / bad / that watch
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
VOCABULARY EXPANSION – ADJECTIVES
___________________________
_____________________________
____________________________ _______________________________ ____________________________ _______________________________ ____________________________ __________________________
Superlative
One syllable The + adjective + est Tom is the tallest boy of his group
Two or more syllables
The most + adjective Helen is the most careful girl of her group.
Jane is the most outgoing girl in the school.
clean / dirty easy / hard empty / full high / low
old / new wet / dry close / far long / short
Obs.: o grau superlativo segue as mesmas regras de formação do grau
comparativo.
• Formas irregulares:
This game is the best of the year.
Good – the best
Bad – the worst
EXERCISES 1. Complete the sentences with the given adjectives in the superlative:
a) (expensive) This is ________________________ computer of them all.
b) (new) This is ________________________ book on the store.
c) (small) This is ________________________ house on the street.
d) (polite) Carol is ________________________ girl in the school.
e) (sad) Herbert is ________________________ boy of them all.
f) (smart) This is ________________________ dog on the street.
g) (careful) My brothers is ________________________ boy I know.
2. Choose the correct alternative:
a) Jack is _____________ friend I have.
( ) better than
( ) the best
( ) as good as
b) This is _____________ math problem.
( ) the worst
( ) worse than
( ) as bad as
c) My grandfather is _____________ my grandmother.
( ) as tall
( ) taller than
( ) the tallest
d) This jacket is _____________ that one.
( ) as good
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( ) the best
( ) better man
e) This refrigerator is _____________ that dishwasher.
( ) more expensive than
( ) the most expensive
( ) expensive as
f) Helen is _____________ woman in my family.
( ) the older
( ) the oldest
( )older than
g) My cat is _____________ your dog.
( ) uglier
( ) uglier than
( ) the ugliest
h) The supermarket near your house is _____________ the supermarket near
my house.
( ) as big
( ) the biggest
( ) bigger than
i) Rio de Janeiro is one of _____________ cities in the world.
( ) the most beautiful
( ) more beautiful than
( ) as beautiful as
UNIT 14
PREPOSITIONS
Prepositions of Time
• At – Com horas, momentos, festividades
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I’ll be there at 2 o’clock.
He’s working at this moment.
• On – com dias da semana, dias do mês.
I play tennis on Sundays.
He was born on may 23rd.
• In – com anos, meses, estações de tempo, partes do dia.
He graduated in 2003.
She is going to México in the summer.
He goes to school in the mornings.
• During – com substantivos, para mostrar quanto dura uma ação.
He slept during the film.
• For – Com expressões adverbiais de tempo, para mostrar quanto dura uma
ação.
He has slept for 2 hours.
• From – com um ponto de início quase sempre seguido de till, until ou to
para mostrar por quanto tempo a situção continua.
I studied German from 2002 till / untill / to 2004.
EXERCISES 1. Complete with the correct prepositions:
a) Bob will meet his girlfriend __________________ 8 o’clock.
b) I play football __________________ Saturdays.
c) Carol will stay in London __________________ the summer.
d) He slept __________________ the flight to Caracas.
e) We worked in Teresina __________________ June __________________
October.
f) Susy will go to Paris __________________ January 22nd.
2. Ask and answer the questions:
a) you / 12 / 24
When were you born?
I was born on December twenty-fourth.
b) Douglas and Michael / 8 / 13
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……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
c) Richard / 9 / 5 / 1998
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
d) your girlfriend / 11 / 28 /1989
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
3. Ask and answer the questions?
a) Jane / mornings
When did Jane study English?
Jane studied English during / in the mornings.
b) Paul / January / July
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
c) the boys / April
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
d) John / Monday / Saturday
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
VOCABULARY EXPANSION – PREPOSITIONS
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_________________ __________
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_____________________ _______________ _______________ ________________ _____________________________________________________
behind in front in by
between under on over Prepositions of place and direction
• In – com cidades, estados, países.
She works in Curitiba.
He studies in Texas.
He lives in the United States.
• On – com endereços incompletes
Betty lives on Madison Avenue.
• At – com endereços completes.
Betty lives at 456 Madison Avenue.
• Across – do outro lado
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Sam is across the avenue.
• Next to, Beside – ao lado
She lives next to Jane.
• Out – para for a, sem complemento.
Go out!
• Out of – para fora, com complemento.
Go out of the room.
• In – Para dentro, sem complemento
Come in.
• Into – para dentro, com complemento
Come into the room.
• Inside – do lado de dentro.
She is inside the car.
• Outside – do lado de for a
He is outside the car.
• Through- através de.
They are passing through the tunnel.
• Towards- com sentido de direção
They went towards the place of the accident.
• To- com sentido de destino
They went to the party.
• Beyond - além de, do outro lado
The farm is beyond the city.
• Above- You can see a helicopter above the mountains.
You can see a helicopter above the mountains.
• Bellow – abaixo de, mais baixo do que
The antique vase is bellow that big picture.
EXERCISES 1. Make up sentence with the given words. Put the verbs in the correct verb
tenses:
__________________________________________________________________ 67a) Bill / be / Manaus / now
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…………………………………………………………………………………………….
b) I / buy a house / Regent Street / last year
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
c) The movie theater / be / the avenue / the drugstore
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
d) The bus / go / Floripa / now
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
e) Sally / live / 30 Oxford Street
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
f) The train / Rio de Janeiro / leave / afternoon.
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
g) Tom / be / the street.
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
h) Marcelo’s car / be / the fence.
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
UNIT 15
REFLEXIVE PRONOUNS
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I Myself
You Yourselves
He Himself
She Herself
It Itself
We Ourselves
They Themselves
Usos:
• Como pronomes reflexivos, em que pratica e sofre a ação:
Stay away from the fire. You are going to burn yourself.
• Como pronome enfático, significando “mesmo(a)”, “próprio(a)”. Nesse
caso, pode ser usado logo após o sujeito ou logo após o complemento
verbal:
John himself repaired the TV.
John repaired the TV himself.
• Antecedido pela preposição by, significa sozinho(a):
She did the math exercises by herself.
EXERCISES 1. Complete the sentences with reflexive pronouns:
a) I think she was angry with ___________________ because she was getting
fatter.
b) We usually enjoy ___________________ when we go to the beach.
c) Julie and Sarah are going to live by ___________________ in Rome.
d) What’s the problem with you and Maggie? You are repeating
___________________.
e) The movie ___________________ was very good, but the artist weren’t.
f) She repaired the machine by ___________________.
g) My son cut ___________________ when he was playing in the yard.
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2. Complete the dialogs using reflexive pronouns:
a) A: Who cleaned the office?
B: I cleaned it ___________________.
A: What about Betsy?
B: She ___________________ asked me to do that.
b) A: I think those man are going to talk to the president __________________.
B: The secretary ___________________ told Mr. Todd to talk to them.
A: Look, Mr. Todd ___________________ is calling them to go into his
office.
c) A: Shirley doesn’t have much tome to buy the things for the party.
B: Yes, she ___________________ said she will be on vacation.
A: Who will buy the things for the party?
B: We will buy the things ___________________.
REVIEW EXERCISES
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ARTICLES
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Choose the correct answer. 1. Can you tell me how to get to ___ bank from here?
a) a b) an
c) the d) (Nothing)
2. ___ city museum is closed today.
a) a b) an
c) the d) (Nothing)
3. He is one of ___ smartest people I know.
a) a b) an
c) the d) (Nothing)
4. I recommend you eat ___ apple pie at this restaurant.
a) a b) an
c) the d) (Nothing)
5. ___ milk is good for you.
a) a b) an
c) the d) (Nothing)
6. Would you like to see ___ movie?
a) a b) an
c) the d) (Nothing)
7. ___ apple a day keeps ___ doctor away.
a) a b) an
c) the d) (Nothing)
8. I can't believe I failed ___ yesterday's test!
a) a b) an
c) the d) (Nothing)
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9. Do you have ___ dictionary that I can borrow?
a) a b) an
c) the d) (Nothing)
10. Is there ___ public telephone near here?
a) a b) an
c) the d) (Nothing)
11. Please speak ___ little louder.
a) a b) an
c) the d) (Nothing)
12. He has ___ my car today.
a) a b) an
c) the d) (Nothing)
13. May I have your ___ phone number?
a) a b) an
c) the d) (Nothing)
14. Please tell me your ___ address.
a) a b) an
c) the d) (Nothing)
15. This is ___ easy question.
a) a b) an
c) the d) (Nothing)
16. I have never seen ___ UFO.
a) a b) an
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c) the d) (Nothing)
17. What is ___ name of the next station?
a) a b) an
c) the d) (Nothing)
18. David is ___ best student in our class.
a) a b) an
c) the d) (Nothing)
19. I went ___ sea during my summer vacation.
a) a b) an
c) the d) (Nothing)
OBJECT PRONOUNS
Choose the correct answer.
1. Is she writing to Leonardo di Caprio?
a) her b)him
c) his d) it
2. John is making a lot of noise!
a) him b) it
c) its d)her
3. Please tell Mrs. Smith to come in.
Sorry, I don't know ___.
a) her b) him
c) she d) he
4. I can't find my glasses!
You are wearing ___!
a) them b) there
c) they d) him
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5. Do you like bananas?
I love ___ !
a) hers b) its
c) them d) they
6. Why is he always talking about Pamela Anderson?
He obviously likes ___ !
a) her b) him
c) she d) he
7. Where is my book? Oh, dear! I've lost ___ !
a) him b) it
c) its d) he
8. Is that Mary's new boyfriend?
Don't ask me, ask ___!
a) her b) his
c) it d) its
9. What is the title of that song?
I'm afraid I can't remember ___.
a) him b) it
c) them d) they
10. Why is David so happy?
His friends gave ___a guitar for his birthday!
a) him b) it
c) them d) they
11. What are you going to do with those old papers?
I'm going to recycle ___.
a) their b) them
c) they d) him
12. Let's see the latest Spielberg movie!
I have seen ___ already!
a) him b) it
c) there d) they
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13. How are your parents? I haven't seen ___ for some time now!
a) them b) there
c) they d) him
14. Have you met Tom and Lisa?
No, I have never met ___ .
a) its b) the
c) them d) they
POSSESSIVE PRONOUNS
Choose the correct answer.
1. It belongs to me, it's ___
a) mine b) hers
c) his d) its
2. It belongs to my father, it's ___
a) his b) mine
c) hers d) its
3. It belongs to her, it's ___
a) theirs b) ours
c) hers d) his
4. It belongs to Mr. and Mrs. Smith, it's ___
a) theirs b) ours
c) yours d) its
5. It belongs to me and my wife, it's ___
a) yours b) mine
c) thers d) ours
6. It belongs to my mother, it's ___ .
a) mine b) hers
c) his d) theirs
7. It belongs to him, it's ___ .
a) his b) hers
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c) theirs d) mine
8. It belongs to you, it's ___ .
a) mine b) ours
c) yours d) theirs
9. It belongs to the dog, it's ___ .
a) its b) yours
c) hers d) mine
10. It belongs to them, it's ___ .
a) mine b) its
c) yours d) theirs
POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES
Choose the correct answer.
1. John Anderson forgot ___ book.
a) my b) his
c) her d) your
2. Mary and Susan talk like ____ mother.
a) my b) your
c) our d) their
3. Alex and I were late for ___ class .
a) its b) my
c) our d) their
4. Princess Caroline is wearing ___ new Gucci gown.
a) him b) her
c) your d) their
5. Where are ___ keys? I can't find them. MY
a) my b) his
c) her d) ours
6. Where do you keep ___ money, in the bank? YOUR
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a) their b) my
c) our d) your
7. Everyone should bring ___ signed receipt. HIS/HER
a) his b) her
c) your d) our
THERE IS/ARE
Complete with is or are.
1. There _____ many animals in the zoo.
2. There _____ a snake in the window.
3. There _____ a zebra in the grass.
4. There _____ lions in the zoo, too.
5. There _____ many baby lions near their parents.
6. There _____ a bird next to the tree.
7. There _____ many monkeys in the trees.
8. There _____ an elephant in the zoo.
9. There _____ some water in the lake near the elephants.
10. There _____ birds in the zoo.
11. There _____many people visiting the animals today.
12. There _____many children, too.
13. There _____a gorilla in the tree.
14. There _____ some grass under the tree.
15. There _____bananas in the tree with the gorilla.
16. There _____ many birds near the gorilla.
17. There _____ a rock near the tree.
18. There _____ many sharks in the aquarium.
19. There _____ an eel in the aquarium, too.
20. There _____ lots of water for the fish.
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INFINITIVE OR PRESENT CONTINUOUS
Choose the correct answer.
1. Karen is fond ___ chocolate.
a) of eating b) to eat
2. Dan objected to ___ sent home early
a) Being b) Be
3. Debbie succeeded ___ the tournament.
a) to win b) in winning
4. Helen is busy ___ Sunday dinner.
a) to prepare b) preparing
5. It is no use ___ after 9:00.
a) Calling b) to call
6. Clarence gave up ___ cigarettes but not cigars.
a) Smoking b) to smoke
7. I have the pleasure ___ the next guest.
a) to introduce b) of introducing
8. Not everyone enjoys ___ tennis.
a) to play b) playing
9. Bad weather prevented the team ___.
a) to play b) from playing
10. The new museum is worth ___.
a) Visiting b) to visit
11. Fumi is used to ___ natto for breakfast.
a) Eat b) Eating
12. There is no harm ___ the truth.
a) in telling b) to tell
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WAS / WERE
Choose the correct answer.
1. A man ___ walking his dog.
a) was b) were
2. A lot of people ___ shopping.
a) was b) were
3. Tom and Sarah ___ watching television.
a) was b) were
4. Two teenage boys ___ fighting.
a) was b) were
5. Sally ___ jogging with her friend this morning.
a) was b) were
6. Another man ___ watching her.
a) was b) were
7. The students ___ using the computer lab.
a) was b) were
8. The young newly weds ___ sleeping.
a) was b) were
9. A baby ___ crying.
a) was b) were
10. A lot of people ___ working.
a) was b) were
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SIMPLE PAST OR PAST CONTINUOUS
Complete with simple past or past continuous.
1. Complete the dialogue with simple past or past continuous.
A: Hi, Mary. I ___ (see/neg.) you at school last Monday.
B: Hello, Bob. I ___ (come/neg.) on Monday. I wasn't ___ (feel) well, so I ___
(decide) to go to the doctor.
A: Oh! ___ (be) it serious?
B: No, the doctor ___ (examine) me and ___ (tell) me I ___ (have) the flu. He
___ (prescribe) some medicine and ___ (tell) me to go home and rest.
A: ___ you ___ (stay) home all day last Monday?
B: No, only in the morning. I ___ (have) to work in the afternoon, and guess
what?
A: What?
B: When a friend ___ (drive) me home, he ___ (crash) his car. He ___
(see/neg.) the red light.
A: ___ anyone ___ (get) hurt?
B: Thank God, nobody ___ (do).
A: I'm happy to hear that. Well, Mary, I have to rush now. While I ___ (listen) to
your story, I ___ (remember) that my wife ___ (ask) me to go to the mechanic to
get our car. See you later. Take care.
B: You too. Bye.
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SIMPLE PRESENT VERBS
Choose the correct answer.
1. She ___ four languages.
a) speak b) speaks
2. Jane is a teacher. She ___ French.
a) teach b) teaches
3. When the kettle ___, will you make some tea?
a) boil b) boils
4. I always ___ the window at night because it is cold.
a) close b) closes
5. Those shoes ___ too much.
a) cost b) costs
6. The food in Japan is expensive. It ___ a lot to live there.
a) cost b) costs
7. His job is great because he ___ a lot of people.
a) meet b) meets
8. He always ___ his car on Sundays.
a) wash b) washes
9. My watch is broken and it ___ to be fixed again.
a) need b) needs
10. I ___ to watch movies.
a) love b) loves
11. I ___ to the cinema at least once a week.
a) go b) goes
12. They never ___ tea in the morning.
a) drink b) drinks
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13. We both ___ to the radio in the morning.
a) listen b) listens
14. He ___ a big wedding.
a) want b) wants
15. George ___ too much so he's getting fat.
a) eat b) eats
16. The earth ___ round the sun, doesn't it?
a) go b) goes
17. The shops in England ___ at 9:00 in the morning.
a) open b) opens
18. The post office ___ at 5:30 pm.
a) close b) closes
19. Jackie ___ two children now.
a) has b) have
20. Mr. Smith ___ too much. He always has a cigarette in his mouth.
a) smoke b) smokes
21. When the phone ___, please answer it.
a) ring b) rings
DO / DOES / DID
Choose the correct answer.
1. I don't like ice-cream, but he ___.
a. do
b. does
c. did
2. You don't need glasses, but I ___.
a. do
b. does
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3. Sally didn't enjoy the movies, but everyone else ___.
a. do
b. does
c. did
4. Dave doesn't want to go out tonight, but his girlfriend ___.
a. do
b. does
c. did
5. My parents don't live in England, but I ___.
a. do
b. does
c. did
6. She doesn't smoke, but he ___.
a. do
b. does
c. did
7. I don't know her very well, but my friends ___.
a. do
b. does
c. did
8. This car doesn't go as fast as my old one ___.
a. do
b. does
c. did
9. I don't type very well, but my boyfriend ___.
a. do
b. does
c. did
10. He said he would do it and he ___.
a. do
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b. does
c. did
DON’T / DOESN’T / DIDN’T
Choose the correct answer.
1. Tom likes curry, but his family ___.
a. don't
b. doesn't
c. didn't
2. My sister works in a bank, but I ___.
a. don't
b. doesn't
c. didn't
3. John and Mary went to the movies last night, but I ___.
a. don't
b. doesn't
c. didn't
4. Mr. Jones eats meat, but his wife ___.
a. don't
b. doesn't
c. didn't
5. He wants to, but they ___.
a. don't
b. doesn't
c. didn't
6. I went, but he ___.
a. don't
b. doesn't
c. didn't
7. They bought it, but we ___.
a. don't __________________________________________________________________ 84
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b. doesn't
c. didn't
8. I want to go to Paris for my honeymoon, but she ___.
a. don't
b. doesn't
c. didn't
9. He said he would ring, but I ___ think he will.
a. don't
b. doesn't
c. didn't
10. My wife needs glasses now, but her mother still ___.
a. don't
b. doesn't
c. didn't
GOING TO
Choose the correct answer.
1. What ___ this weekend?
a. you are going to do
b. are you going to do
c. your gonna do
2. I'm not sure. ___ anything special?
a. Are you going to do
b. You are going to do
c. Is going to do
3. My friend Melissa and I ___ a party. Would you like to come?
a. am going to
b. are going to go to
c. go to
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4. I'd love to! ___?
a. What's it going to be
b. Who's go to be
c. Where's it going to be
5. It is ___ to be at Ruth's house.
a. go
b. going
c. gonna
6. What time ___ start?
a. is it going to
b. it's going to
c. it
7. At 10 P.M.
___ invite?
a. Who are you going to
b. What you're going to
c. When you going to
8. I don't know. I think ___ anyone.
a. I'm going invite
b. I'm not go invite
c. I'm not going to invite
PLURAL FORMS AND IRREGULAR NOUNS
1. How many__________ (person/people) study English as a second
language?
2. Five__________(woman/women) opened a computer services company.
3. Even__________ (child/children) enjoy learning on the Internet.
4. Most basketball players are 6__________ (foot/feet) tall or more.
5. My__________ (tooth/teeth) are sensitive to the cold.
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6. At daylight savings time, we have to change our__________
(watch/watches).
7. There are 10__________ (man/men) in the Maintenance Department.
8. The__________ (wife/wives) keep their__________ (knife/knives) on
the__________ (shelf/shelves).
WHAT / WHEN / WHERE
Complete with What, where or when
1. ______ is the name of the President of the United States of America?
2. ______ month is the Chinese new year?
3. ______ is Christmas Day?
4. ______ did Neil Armstrong say when he first landed on the moon?
5. ______ did he first land?
6. ______ did the Americans drop the atomic bomb on Hiroshima?
7. ______ is New York city?
8. ______ is that called in English?
9. ______ are the Hawaiian islands?
10. ______ are you doing this afternoon?
HOW MUCH / HOW MANY
Complete with how much or how many
1. How ___ apples did you buy?
2. How ___ do you weigh?
3. How ___ does it cost to fly to America? __________________________________________________________________ 87
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4. How ___ brothers and sisters do you have?
5. How ___times a day do you brush your teeth?
6. How ___ was your computer?
7. How ___ photos did you take?
8. How ___ water did he drink?
9. How ___ people did you invite?
10. How ___ mistakes did you make on the test?
SHORT ANSWERS
Give the short answers
1. Are you busy?
Yes, ____________.
2. Do you live in New York?
No, ____________.
3. Can Sylvia ride a bike?
Yes, ____________.
4. Does your father read the newspaper every day?
Yes, ____________.
5. Do you and your friends play soccer on Saturday?
No, ____________.
6. Is your sister a doctor?
No, ____________.
7. Can Jack and Brian play the piano?
Yes, ____________.
8. Is Paris big?
Yes, ____________.
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9. Are you thirsty?
No, ____________.
10. Does Robert like pepperoni pizza?
No, ____________.
11. Are the students listening to music?
No, ____________.
12. Is the supermarket next to the post office?
No, ____________.
13. Is Leonardo di Caprio Vietnamese?
No, ____________.
14. Is your mother sleeping?
No, ____________.
15. Can you speak Portuguese?
Yes, ____________.
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LISTS
LIST OF IRREGULAR VERBS
Present Tense Simple Past Past Participle Tradução
arise arose arisen surgir; erguer-se
awake awoke awoken despertar
be was; were been ser; estar
bear bore borne suportar; dar a luz
beat beat beaten bater
become became become tornar-se
begin began begun começar
behold beheld beheld contemplar
bend bent bent curvar, entortar
bet bet bet apostar
bid bid bid oferecer, fazer uma oferta
bind bound bound unir; encadernar
bite bit bitten morder
bleed bled bled sangrar
blow blew blown soprar; explodir
break broke broken quebrar
breed bred bred procriar, reproduzir
bring brought brought trazer
broadcast broadcast broadcast irradiar, transmitir (via TV ou rádio)
build built built construir
buy bought bought comprar
cast cast cast arremessar, atirar
catch caught caught pegar, apanhar
choose chose chosen escolher
come came come vir
cost cost cost custar
creep crept crept rastejar
cut cut cut cortar
deal dealt dealt negociar, tratar
dig dug dug cavar
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do did done fazer
draw drew drawn desenhar
drink drank drunk beber
drive drove driven dirigir (veículo)
eat ate eaten comer
fall fell fallen cair
feed fed fed alimentar
feel felt felt sentir
fight fought fought lutar
find found found encontrar
flee fled fled fugir, escapar
fly flew flown voar; pilotar
forbid forbade forbidden proibir
forget forgot forgotten esquecer
forgive forgave forgiven perdoar
freeze froze frozen congelar
get got gotten obter
give gave given dar
go went gone ir
grind ground ground moer
grow grew grown crescer; cultivar
have had had ter
hear heard heard ouvir
hide hid hidden esconder
hit hit hit bater, atingir
hold held held segurar; abraçar
hurt hurt hurt ferir, machucar; magoar
keep kept kept manter
know knew known saber; conhecer
lay laid laid pôr; botar ovos (Compare "LIE" com "LAY")
lead led led liderar
leave left left deixar, partir
lend lent lent emprestar (Compare "LEND" com "BORROW")
let let let deixar
lie lay lain deitar (Compare "LIE" com "LAY")
lose lost lost perder
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make made made fazer, fabricar
mean meant meant significar
meet met met encontrar; conhecer
overcome overcame overcome superar
overtake overtook overtaken alcançar; conseguir
pay paid paid pagar
put put put pôr, colocar
quit quit quit desistir, abandonar
read /riid/ read /réd/ read /réd/ ler
ride rode ridden cavalgar; andar (de bicicleta); passear
ring rang rung tocar (campainha)
rise rose risen erguer-se (Compare "RISE" com "RAISE")
run ran run correr; concorrer (em eleição) saw sawed sawn serrar
say said said dizer
see saw seen ver
seek sought sought buscar; procurar
sell sold sold vender
send sent sent enviar
set set set pôr, colocar; ajustar
shake shook shaken tremer
shed shed shed derramar
shine shone shone brilhar, reluzir
shoot shot shot atirar; filmar
show showed shown mostar, exibir
shrink shrank shrunk encolher
shut shut shut fechar
sing sang sung cantar
sink sank sunk afundar
sit sat sat sentar
slay slew slain matar, assassinar
sleep slept slept dormir
slide slid slid deslizar, escorregar
speak spoke spoken falar
spend spent spent gastar
spin spun spun fazer girar
spit spit / spat spit / spat cuspir
Centro de Educação Tecnológica do Amazonas - CETAM
spread spread spread espalhar; disseminar, difundir spring sprang sprung saltar
stand stood stood ficar em pé; suportar
steal stole stolen furtar
stick stuck stuck fincar, enfiar
sting stung stung picar, ferroar
stink stank stunk feder
strike struck struck golpear; atacar
strive strove striven esforçar-se
swear swore sworn jurar
sweep swept swept varrer
swim swam swum nadar
swing swung swung balançar
take took taken tomar
teach taught taught ensinar; lecionar
tear tore torn rasgar
tell told told contar
think thought thought pensar
throw threw thrown jogar, atirar
undergo underwent undergone submeter-se a
understand understood understood entender
uphold upheld upheld sustentar; apoiar
wear wore worn vestir; usar (roupa)
win won won vencer
write wrote written escrever
LIST OF CARDINAL NUMBERS
11- eleven
12 – twelve
13 – thirteen
14 – fouteen
15 – fifteen
16 – sixteen
17 – seventeen
18 – eighteen
19 – nineteen
20 – twenty
30 – thirty
31 – thirty-one…
40 – forty
50 – fifty
60 – sixty
70 – seventy
80 – eighty
90 – ninety
100 – one hundred
200 – two hundred
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21 – twenty-one
22 – twenty-two
23 – Twenty three…
1.000 – Thousand
2.000 – Two thousand…
1.000.000 – one million
FALSES COGNATES
Palavra em ingles…
significa em português… e não… que em ingles é…
Actually
Adept
Amass
Anticipate
Application
Appointment
Appreciation
Argument
Assist
Assume
Attend
Audience
Balcony
Baton
Beef
Cafeteria
Camera
Carton
Cigar
Collar
College
Commodity
Competition
Comprehensive
Compromise
Contest
Convenient
Costume
Data
Deception
Design
Editor
na verdade ..., o fato é que ...
especialista, conhecedor
acumular, juntar
aguardar, ficar na expectativa
inscrição, registro, uso
hora marcada
gratidão, reconhecimento
discussão, bate boca
ajudar, dar suporte
presumir
assistir, participar de
platéia, público
sacada
batuta (música), cacetete
carne de gado
refeitório tipo universitário
máquina fotográfica
caixa de papelão
charuto
gola, colarinho, coleira
faculdade, ensino de 3º grau
artigo, mercadoria
concorrência
abrangente, amplo, extenso
entrar em acordo
competição, concurso
prático
fantasia (roupa)
dados (informações)
fraude, o ato de enganar
projetar, criar; projeto, estilo
redator
Atualmente
Adepto
Amassar
Antecipar
Aplicação
Apontamento
Apreciação
Argumento
Assistir
Assumir
Atender
Audiência
Balcão
Batom
Bife
Cafeteria
Câmara
Cartão
Cigarro
Colar
Colégio
Comodidade
Competição
Compreensivo
Compromisso
Contexto
Conveniente
Costume
Data
Decepção
Designar
Editor
nowadays, today
supporter
crush
to bring forward
investment
note
judgement
reasoning, point
to attend, to watch
to take over
to help; to answer
interview
counter
lipstick
steak
coffee shop
tube (de pneu)
card
cigarette
necklace
high school
comfort
contest
understanding
appointment; date
context
appropriate
custom, habit
date
disappointment
to appoint
publisher
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Educated
Emission
Enroll
Eventually
Exciting
Exit
Expert
Exquisite
Fabric
Genial
Grip
Hazard
Idiom
Injury
Intend
Intoxication
Jar
Journal
Lamp
Legend
Library
Location
Lunch
Magazine
Mayor
Medicine
Moisture
Motel
Notice
Novel
Office
Parents
Particular
Pasta
Pretend
Pull
Push
Range
Realize
instruído
descarga (de gases, etc.)
inscrever-se
finalmente, conseqüentemente
empolgante
saída, sair
especialista, perito
belo, refinado
tecido
afável, aprazível
agarrar firme
risco, arriscar
expressão idiomática, linguajar
ferimento
pretender, ter intenção
embriaguez, efeito de drogas
pote
periódico, revista
luminária
lenda
biblioteca
localização
almoço
revista
prefeito
remédio, medicina
umidade
hotel de beira de estrada
notar, aperceber-se
romance
escritório
pais
específico, exato
massa (alimento)
fingir
puxar
empurrar
variar, cobrir
notar, perceber, dar-se conta
Educado
Emissão
Enrolar
Eventualmente
Excitante
Êxito
Esperto
Esquisito
Fábrica
Genial
Gripe
Azar
Idioma
Injúria
Entender
Intoxicação
Jarra
Jornal
Lâmpada
Legenda
Livraria
Locação
Lanche
Magazine
Maior
Medicina
Mistura
Motel
Notícia
Novela
Oficial
Parentes
Particular
Pasta
Procurar
Pular
Puxar
Ranger
Realizar
well-mannered
issuing
to roll; to curl
occasionally
thrilling
success
smart, clever
strange, odd
plant, factory
brilliant
cold, flu, influenza
bad luck
language
insult
understand
poisoning
pitcher
newspaper
light bulb
subtitle
book shop
rental
snack
department store
bigger
medicine
mix, mixture, blend
hot-pillow joint
news
soap opera
official
relatives
personal, private
paste; folder.
to intend, to plan
to jump
to pull
to creak, to grind
to accomplish
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96
Recipient
Requirement
Résumé
Stupid
Support
Tax
Trainer
Turn
Vegetables
recebedor, agraciado
requisito
curriculum vitae, currículo
burro
apoiar
imposto
preparador físico
vez, volta, curva; virar, girar
verduras, legumes
Recipiente
Requerimento
Resumo
Estúpido
Suportar
Taxa
Treinador
Turno
Vegetais
container
request, petition
summary
impolite, rude
can stand
rate; fee
coach
shift; round
plants
Comparative & Superlative
Adjective Comparative Superlative
Bad
Clever
Far (distance)
Far (more, additional)
Good
Hot
Little
Many
Much
Narrow
Pretty
Shy
Worse
Cleverer
Farther / further
Further
Better
Hotter
Less
More
More
Narrower
Prettier
shyer
the worst
the cleverest
the farthest / the furthest
the furthest
the best
the hottest
the least
the most
the most
the narrowest
the prettiest
the shyest