Infrasunete Si Ultrasunete
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Infrasunete si Ultrasunete
~descriere si aplicatii~
de Gherman Mihai
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Introducere~Sunetul~
Definitie:
Unda mecanica longitudinala.
Caracteristici:
frecventa (f)
intensitate (I)
timbru
viteza (v = = ct)
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~Energie, Putere si Intensitate~
• =
• P = =
• I = =
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~Surse si receptori pentru aparate~
Pot utiliza efectul piezoelectric.
Sursele pot fi:
continue
pulsatorii
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~Urechea Umana~
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~Urechea Umana~
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~De ce “infra-” si “ultra-”?~
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Infrasunete
Definitie:
Sunete de frecventa joasa (0,001 – 20 Hz).
Caracteristici:
pot ocoli obstacole fara disipare (v = f λ)
pot traversa distante mari (sunt atenuate greu de catre aer)
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~Surse~
• Fenomene Naturale: cutremure, vulcani, trasnetul
• Animale: balene, elefanti, hippopotami, rinoceri, giraffe, tigrii
• Oameni: explozii, turbine, motoare, aparate speciale
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~“Ghost sightings”~
Cauzat de faptul ca globii ocular rezoneaza la o frecventa de 18 Hz.
Alte obiecte cu o frecventa de rezonanta <20Hz pot fi puse in vibrati de catre infrasunete, fara niciun motiv aparent (pentru ca nu le auzim).
In incaperi ce contin aparate capabile sa produca infrasunete la intensitati mari, se pot chiar produce unde stationare (pentru ca lungimea
de unda este mare).
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~Utilizari~
• Seizmologie (monitorizarea cutremurelor)
• Pasarile migratoare (surse naturale)
• Balistocardiografie (BCG)
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~Utilizari~
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Ultrasunete
Definitie:
Sunete de frecventa inalta (>20 kHz).
Caracteristici:
energie (deci putere si intensitate) mai mare decat in cazul infrasunetelor
frecventa inalta permite formarea imaginilor de mari rezolutii
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~Utilizari~
• Testare Nondistructiva
• Senzori de miscare (usi automate)
• Sonar (distanta observator - obiect)
• Ecolocatie si navigatie (lilieci, insecte, delfini, caini, insecte)
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~Utilizari~
• Ultrasonografie medicala
• Microscopie acustica (λ = )
Fascicul
incident
Fascicul
reflectat
Proba
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Va multumesc pentru atentie
Sfarsit• Bibliografie:• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infrasound• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ballistocardiography• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultrasound• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medical_ultrasonography#Receiving_the_echoes
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultrasonic_sensor• http://biorobotics.harvard.edu/schneider.html• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acoustic_microscopy• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Longitudinal_wave• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sound#Longitudinal_and_transverse_waves• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piezoelectricity