Informatika / …o počítači

Informatika / o potai(zkladn pojmy, jednoduch pedstavy) 2006

CPU, sbrnice, pam, atdjdrem potae je procesor (CPU) - bv umstn na zkladn desce (motherboardu)procesor je prostednictvm sbrnice spojen s pamt; v n je umstn i program tvoen instrukcemi, a data s nimi program pracujeprostednictvm sbrnice jsou dostupn i obvody vstupu a vstupu pro komunikaci s okolm innosti v potai jsou zeny asovm genertorem, co umouje synchronizovat rzn rychl obvodymluvme pak o taktu procesoru, taktu sbrnice, motherboard (zkladn deska)

potabus (sbrnice)CPUMEMORYI/OBUSI/O (input/output) (vstup/vstup)memory (pam)timer (asova)periferieCPU (central processing unit) - procesorCHIPSETchipset adi provozu na motherboardutimer

informacezkladn informan jednotkou je dvoustavov veliina - jeden bithodnotu bitu obvykle interpretujeme jako cifru ve dvojkov soustav, tedy 0/1 (nula/jedna), ale podle poteby i Ne/Ano, Neplat/Plat (False/True), Nesvt/Svt pro vyjden hodnoty jin ne dvoustavov veliiny jsou bity shlukovny do skupin, obvyklou skupinu tvo 8 bit = 1 bytesloitj informace mohou bt kdovny i vtmi bitovmi obrazci (slova o ce 16, 32 a vce bit)bit (BInary digiT)byte (uspodan osmice bit)

pamje tvoena bity, pstupnmi po osmicch (bytech)poloha bytu v pamti je dna jeho poadovm slem (adresou)vyhledn poadovanho msta zajiuje adi pamtipak podle dcho signlu na sbrnici zprostedkuje zpis (data ze sbrnice do pamti) nebo ten (z pamti na sbrnici)10 000110 0000F FFFFF FFFE

1 00031 00021 00011 00000 FFFF0 FFFE

0 00020 00010 00000 0 1 0 0 1 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 1 0 0 1 0 11 1 1 0 0 0 0 1

1 1 1 1 0 1 1 10 1 1 0 1 1 0 00 0 1 0 0 1 0 11 1 1 0 0 0 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 1 0 0 1 0 11 1 1 0 0 0 0 10 kB64 kB1 MBmemory read (ten) memory write (zpis)

pam, sbrnice, CPU10 000110 0000F FFFFF FFFE

1 00031 00021 00011 00000 FFFF0 FFFE

0 00020 00010 00000 0 1 0 0 1 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 1 0 0 1 0 11 1 1 0 0 0 0 1

1 1 1 1 0 1 1 10 1 1 0 1 1 0 00 0 1 0 0 1 0 11 1 1 0 0 0 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 1 0 0 1 0 11 1 1 0 0 0 0 10 kB64 kB1 MBregistr0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0pi ten zstv pvodn obsah pamti zachovn (hodnota se pouze kopruje)0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1

CPUALUflag regaccumulIRSPPCcontrollerMARMDRdataaddressprogram counterstack pointercontrolregistersALU - arithmetic & logic unit(aritmeticko logick jednotka)controller (adi)IR - instruction registerMAR - memory address registerMDR - memory data register

... a jak to funguje

cvrnkadlo

cvrnkadlo doplnmepidme staviteln zarky, jejich polohou meme pohyb kuliky jednoznan vymezovat

cvrnkadlo doplnmepidme staviteln zarky, jejich polohou meme pohyb kuliky jednoznan vymezovat nap.

cvrnkadlo doplnmepidme staviteln zarky, jejich polohou meme pohyb kuliky jednoznan vymezovat nebo

instrukcebitov obrazec, kter je po naten z pamti do procesoru deifrovn a pot definuje jeho dal innost

zpracovn instrukce

m tyto fze: vyhledn instrukce (fetch) dekdovn poadavku (decode) naten operand (load) proveden (execute) uloen vsledku (store)

pam adi ALU10 000110 0000F FFFFF FFFE

1 00031 00021 00011 00000 FFFF0 FFFE

0 00020 00010 00000 0 1 0 0 1 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 1 0 0 1 0 11 1 1 0 0 0 0 1

1 1 1 1 0 1 1 10 1 1 0 1 1 0 00 0 1 0 0 1 0 11 1 1 0 0 0 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 1 0 0 1 0 11 1 1 0 0 0 0 10 kB64 kB1 MBfetch


1 00031 00021 00011 00000 FFFF0 FFFE

0 00020 00010 00000 0 1 0 0 1 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 1 0 0 1 0 11 1 1 0 0 0 0 1

1 1 1 1 0 1 1 10 1 1 0 1 1 0 00 0 1 0 0 1 0 11 1 1 0 0 0 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 1 0 0 1 0 11 1 1 0 0 0 0 10 kB64 kB1 MB0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0fetch

0 1 1 0 1 1 0 010 000110 0000F FFFFF FFFE

1 00031 00021 00011 00000 FFFF0 FFFE

0 00020 00010 00000 0 1 0 0 1 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 1 0 0 1 0 11 1 1 0 0 0 0 1

1 1 1 1 0 1 1 10 1 1 0 1 1 0 00 0 1 0 0 1 0 11 1 1 0 0 0 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 1 0 0 1 0 11 1 1 0 0 0 0 10 kB64 kB1 MB0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0decodepam adi ALU


1 00031 00021 00011 00000 FFFF0 FFFE

0 00020 00010 00000 0 1 0 0 1 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 1 0 0 1 0 11 1 1 0 0 0 0 1

1 1 1 1 0 1 1 10 1 1 0 1 1 0 00 0 1 0 0 1 0 11 1 1 0 0 0 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 1 0 0 1 0 11 1 1 0 0 0 0 10 kB64 kB1 MB0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0decode

10 000110 0000F FFFFF FFFE

1 00031 00021 00011 00000 FFFF0 FFFE

0 00020 00010 00000 0 1 0 0 1 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 1 0 0 1 0 11 1 1 0 0 0 0 1

1 1 1 1 0 1 1 10 1 1 0 1 1 0 00 0 1 0 0 1 0 11 1 1 0 0 0 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 1 0 0 1 0 11 1 1 0 0 0 0 10 kB64 kB1 MB0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0executepam adi ALU

10 000110 0000F FFFFF FFFE

1 00031 00021 00011 00000 FFFF0 FFFE

0 00020 00010 00000 0 1 0 0 1 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 1 0 0 1 0 11 1 1 0 0 0 0 1

1 1 1 1 0 1 1 10 1 1 0 1 1 0 00 0 1 0 0 1 0 11 1 1 0 0 0 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 1 0 0 1 0 11 1 1 0 0 0 0 10 kB64 kB1 MB0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0storepam adi ALU


1 00031 00021 00011 00000 FFFF0 FFFE

0 00020 00010 00000 0 1 0 0 1 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 1 0 0 1 0 11 1 1 0 0 0 0 1

1 1 1 1 0 1 1 10 1 1 0 1 1 0 00 0 1 0 0 1 0 11 1 1 0 0 0 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 1 0 0 1 0 11 1 1 0 0 0 0 10 kB64 kB1 MBfetch1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1


1 00031 00021 00011 00000 FFFF0 FFFE

0 00020 00010 00000 0 1 0 0 1 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 1 0 0 1 0 11 1 1 0 0 0 0 1

1 1 1 1 0 1 1 10 1 1 0 1 1 0 00 0 1 0 0 1 0 11 1 1 0 0 0 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 1 0 0 1 0 11 1 1 0 0 0 0 10 kB64 kB1 MB1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1decode


1 00031 00021 00011 00000 FFFF0 FFFE

0 00020 00010 00000 0 1 0 0 1 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 1 0 0 1 0 11 1 1 0 0 0 0 1

1 1 1 1 0 1 1 10 1 1 0 1 1 0 00 0 1 0 0 1 0 11 1 1 0 0 0 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 1 0 0 1 0 11 1 1 0 0 0 0 10 kB64 kB1 MB1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1execute

10 000110 0000F FFFFF FFFE

1 00031 00021 00011 00000 FFFF0 FFFE

0 00020 00010 00000 0 1 0 0 1 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 1 0 0 1 0 11 1 1 0 0 0 0 1

1 1 1 1 0 1 1 10 1 1 0 1 1 0 00 0 1 0 0 1 0 11 1 1 0 0 0 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 1 0 0 1 0 11 1 1 0 0 0 0 10 kB64 kB1 MB1 1 1 1 0 1 1 11 0 1 1 0 1 0 1storepam adi ALU

10 000110 0000F FFFFF FFFE

1 00031 00021 00011 00000 FFFF0 FFFE

0 00020 00010 00000 0 1 0 0 1 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 1 0 0 1 0 11 1 1 0 0 0 0 1

1 1 1 1 0 1 1 10 1 1 0 1 1 0 00 0 1 0 0 1 0 11 1 1 0 0 0 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 1 0 0 1 0 11 1 1 0 0 0 0 10 kB64 kB1 MB1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1fetchpam adi ALU

CPUALUflag regaccumulIRSPPCcontrollerMARMDRdataaddressprogram counterstack pointercontrolregistersALU - arithmetic & logic unit(aritmeticko logick jednotka)controller (adi)IR - instruction registerMAR - memory address registerMDR - memory data register

dotazy?

Informatika / …o počítači

Documents

Transcript of Informatika / …o počítači