B qui tc INCOTERMS khng bao gm ni dung g?Khng c qui nh v quyn s hu i vi hng ha Khng qui nh chi tit v cc ngha v thanh ton (thi hn, phng thc, iu khon m bo thanh ton, chng t thanh ton) Khng qui nh chi tit v yu cu lin quan n tu, cc trng hp bt kh khng, kt thc hp ng, mt kh nng thanh ton. Ni tm li, INCOTERMS khng cu thnh mt hp ng mua bn y m ch l cc qui tc tin li, c quc t cng nhn v vic mua bn hng ha. Nhng qui tc ny pht huy tc dng tt nh mt hp ng s lc cn

phi c c th ha v iu chnh vi nhng iu khon v iu kin thmna.

Ti sao cc qui tc ny li c sa i? phn nh s m rng ca cc khu vc mu dch t do, vic s dng cc phng tin giao tip in t, cc quan nga v an ninh sau s kin

11 thng 9, v nhng bin i gn y trong vn ti v thng mi quct k t ln sa i nm 2000.

Khi no th b qui tc ny c hiu lc?Cc qui tc mi bt u c hiu lc t ngy 1/1/2011.

B qui tc INCOTERMS 2010 c nhng thay i no m bn cn lu ? B 4 iu khon khon bo DEQ phn v a vo thay i i mi 1. 5. Sa i iu (DAF, DES, him v DDU) nh nhng 2 iu khon vi Cc Delivered at Place v chun (Institute Cargo Clauses (DAP -iu khon bo him DAT - Delivered at Terminal). (theo nhng thay i gn y i vi cc iu khon bo him LMA/IUA2 vo nm 2009). 2. Chnh thc to ra hai loi INCOTERMS - (1) cc qui tc p dng cho bt c 6. Phn b cc ngha v tng ng p cc cho trong ng bin v phng thc vn ti no, v (2) cc qui tccadng bn vn tivic cung cp hoc h ni a (INCOTERMS 2000 t loi). ng thy tr ly c cc chngc 4v thng tin cn thit nhm thng quan lin quan n an ninh. 3. Chnh thc tha nhn rng nhng qui tc ny c th s dng c trong thng mi quc t nhim i mi ni a (nu ph hp).hngkhon EXW c ni r 7. Trch v thng vi cc khon ph xp iu ti ga/trm c l phn b r rng.. ch ph hp cho thng mi ni a.

4. 8. Bao tham chiu n vic s dng "cc phng tin ghinhng thng c Nu r gm nghha v "mua" hng ha phn nh chp in t l gi tr tng ng ", bnnh cc bn dy chuyn (mua bn hng c hin nay trong mua nu hng theo ng nh vy, hoc l tp qun thngln tu c ngha l hng trn boong tu). xp mi.

Incoterms a sa i bao nhiu ln? A. 3 B. 5 C. 6 (6 ln sa i, b sung: 1953,1967,1976,1980,1990,2000) D. 8 iu kin Incoterms no ch p dng cho vn ti ng thuy:A. FCA, CFR,DAT,DDP.

B. EXW, FAS, FCA, CIP.C. FAS, FOB,CFR,CIF. D. FAS, CIF, CPT,DAP.

Nhng vn Incoterms khng gii quyt:

Nhng yu t cn tham kho khi quyt nh la chon iu kin giao hng: A. Tinh hinh thi trng. B. Gia ca. C. Kha nng thu PTVT va mua bao him. D. Kha nng lam thu tuc thng quan XNK. E. Cac quy inh hng dn cua nha nc. . F. Tt ca cac yu t trn.

A. Chuyn giao quyn s hu hang hoa.( Incoterms chi la nguyn tc giai thich cac iu kin c s giao hang ma khng giai thich cac iu kin khac trong hp ng.Vic chuyn quyn s hu hang hoa thng qua vic chuyn giao chng t nh vn n ng bin hoc phu thuc vao quy inh cua cac bn ky hp ng ) B. Giai thoat trach nhim hoc min tr trach nhim trong trng hp bt kha khang. C. Vi pham hp ng. D. Ca 3 cu trn u ung.

INCOTERM l vit tt ca?A. International Commerce Term. B. International Commerce of terminal. C. Internation Company Terms D. International Commercial Terms

D. International Commercial Terms

Incoterms l b qui tc do ai pht hnh gii thch cc iu kin thng mi quc t:A. Phng thng mai B. Phng thng mai quc t C. Ca 2 cu trn ung B. Phng thng mi quc t

Khi s dng iu kin giao hng Ex-works, trch nhim ca ngi mua bt u ti:A. Cang bc hang. B. Cang d hang. C. Vn phong ngi giao nhn. D. Kho cua ngi ban.

D. Kho cua ngi ban.

Trong iu kin EXW, ngi bn c phi bc hng ln PTVT ca ngi chuyn ch hay khng?Khng C Vi ngi mua phai chiu trach nhim bc d hang hoa ln PTVT, rui ro va chi phi do ngi mua chiu.

S dung cho moi hinh thc vn tai va khi co nhiu phng thc vn tai tham gia ay la iu kin ma nghia vu cua ngi ban la it nht

Ngi mua s chu ton b ph tn v ri ro trong vic a hng t kho ngi bn n im cui cng Ngi bn c trch nhim t hng di quyn nh ot ca ngi mua ti ni giao hng (xng, nh my, nh kho)

FCA - Free Carrier (Giao cho ngi chuyn ch)

im chuyn giao rui ro va chi phi

Ngha v ca ngi bn- Ngi bn s hon thnh trch nhim giao hng khi hng giao cho ngi mua thng qua ngi chuyn ch - Nu a im giao hng nm ngoi c s ca ngi bn th ngi bn khng phi chu chi ph bc hng ln phng tin vn ti, ngc li ngi bn chu chi ph - Ngi bn khng phi k hp ng vn ti v bo him cho l hng XK. Tuy nhin ngi bn phi lm th tc XK cho l hng.

iu kin nay s dung cho nhiu phng thc vn tai va co th co nhiu phng thc vn tai tham giay l iu kin m theo o ngi bn c nghia vu gnh chu rui ro, ph tn v tin cc thu tu ch hng n tn a im nhn hng cua ngi mua. Ngichuyn ch trong iu kin ny l do ngi bn thu.

Ngha V Ngi Bn

Ngha V Ngi Mua

Ngha v chung Cung cp hng ha, ha n thng mi ,nhng chng t, thng ip in t cn thit. Thanh ton tin hng ng quy nh.

Giy php, kim tra, an ninh v cc th tc khc NB chu moi ri ro v chi ph ly bt k giy php xut khu hoc giy php chnh thc khc v lm th tc hi quan trc khi giao hng. NM chu moi ri ro v chi ph ly bt k giy php nhp khu hoc giy php chnh thc khc v lm th tc hi quan trc khi nhn hng.

Hp ng vn ti Ngi bn phi k hp ng vn Ngi mua khng c ngha v. chuyn hng ha t mt a im giao hng tha thun n noi n ch nh.Moi chi ph do ngi bn chu.

Hp ng bo him Ngi bn phi chu chi ph mua bo him ti thiu theo iu kin C.Nu ngi mua yu cu, NB s da vo chi ph ca NM,mua thm mt s iu kin bo him loi tr. Bo him phi bao gm gi hng quy nh trong hp ng cng 10%(tc 110% ) Ngi mua khng c ngha v. Nhng ngi mua phi cung cp thng tin v NM cho NB nu c yu cu mua b sung.

Giao Hng Ngi bn phai giao hng cho ngi

Nhn Hng Ngi mua nhn hng t ngi chuyn

chuyn ch theo ng a im, thi gian ch . quy nh trong hp ng.

Chuyn ri ro Ngi bn chu moi rui ro, mt mt cho Ngi mua chu moi rui ro, mt mt k n khi hng ha c giao cho ngi t khi nhn hng t ngi chuyn ch. Nu NM c quyn quyt nh ni nhn chuyn ch. hng,khi ngi mua khng thng bo cho NB a im nhn hng th ngi mua chu moi rui ro v mt mt.

Ngha v thng bo Ngi bn phai thng bo cho ngi Nu ngi mua c quyn chon a im mua khi hng c giao cho ngi nhn hng, ho phai thng bo iu o vi chuyn ch.Ngoi ra cn phai cung cp 1 ngi bn. s thng tin cn thit ngi mua nhn hng.

Phn chia ph tn Moi chi ph lin quan n hng ha cho Moi chi ph lin quan n hng ha k t khi n khi giao hng cho ngi chuyn ch. hng c giao t ngi chuyn ch. Cc ph, chi ph pht sinh trong hp Moi chi ph lin quan ti hng ha trong qu ng vn tai,chi ph xp hang,d hng ti trnh vn tai, tr khi n do ngi bn chu theo hp ng vn tai. cang n. Chi ph d hng nu ngi bn khng tra. Chi ph bao him Tt ca chi ph pht sinh thm do vic ngi Chi ph thu tuc hai quan xut khu, mua khng thng bo cho NB.( vi k l hng thu, l ph # .Chi ph vn chuyn qua bt trong hp ng). k nc no trong hp ng vn tai. Chi ph thu tuc hai quan nhp khu, thu , l ph #.Chi ph qu canh qua nc khc nu NB khng tra. Chi ph mua bao him b sung ( nu c ).

Chng t giao hng Chu chi ph cung cp chng t vn tai Ngi mua phai chp nhn cc chng

thng thng cho ngi mua. t quy nh bn. Chng t vn tai phai ghi r hng ha cua hp ng, ngy giao hng, cho php ngi mua khiu ni ngi chuyn ch va cho php ngi mua bn hng trong qu trnh vn chuyn. Phai pht hnh ban gc cho ngi mua.( c th chuyn nhng c ).

Kim tra-ong gi-bao b-k m hiu Ngi bn chu cc chi ph kim tra cn Ngi mua phai tra cc chi ph cho vic

thit giao hng v thng quan. kim tra bt buc trc khi gi hng, Ngi bn chu chi ph ong gi hng ngoi tr vic kim tra cua c quan c ha ( tr khi hng ha khng cn ong gi thm quyn nc xut khu. ) .Ngi bn phai ong gi ph hp vi phng thc vn tai tr khi ngi mua yu cu khc.

H tr thng tin v chi ph lin quan Ngi bn phai gip ngi mua Thng bo kp thi cho ngi bn

ly cc chng t v thng tin, k ca thng tin an ninh cho vic nhp khu v vn tai. Hon tra cho ngi mua ton b chi ph pht sinh t vic h tr cho ngi bn.

nhng thng tin an ninh. Hon tra cho ngi bn ton b chi ph pht sinh t vic h tr ngi mua. Gip ngi bn ly cc chng t, thng tin cn vn tai, xut khu hng ha.

Ti sao nu cc bn khng c nh giao hng qua lan can tu th nn chuyn iu kin CIF v iu kin CIP?i vi iu kin CIP: vic c th s dung mi phng tin vn tai s em lai s thun li nht inh cho ngi bn, anh ta c th s dung hoc kt hp bt k phng tin no sao cho thch hp nht vi mnh. i vi iu kin CIF, ngi bn phai bc hng ln tu tai cang bc v khi hng qua lan can tu, anh ta cn c trch nhim d hng tai cang d. iu ny c th gy ra nhiu rui ro cho ngi bn. Bn CIP nu nhiu ngi chuyn ch th rui ro s giao cho ngi chuyn ch u tin, cn rui ro cua CIF th phai i khi hng qua lan can tu.

Ngha v ca ngi bn

Ngha v ca ngi mua

Ngha v chung Ging CIP Ging CIP

Giy php, kim tra an ninh v th tc khc Ging CIP Ging CIP

Hp ng vn ti Ging CIP Ging CIP

Hp ng bo him Ngi bn khng c ngha v vi ngi Ngi mua khng c ngha v i vi

mua v k hp ng bo him.Tuy vy nu ngi mua yu cu v chu ri ro, chi ph, ngi bn phi cung cp cho ngi mua nhng thng tin cn thit mua bo him.

ngi bn v k hp ng bo him.Tuy vy khi ngi bn yu cu, ngi mua phi cung cp cho ngi bn thng tin cn thit mua bo him.

Giao Hngtin vn ti v sau phi giao hng bng quy nh. cch t hng ha di quyn nh ot ca ngi mua ti bn ch nh trong thi

Nhn Hng

Ngi bn phi d hng khi phng Ngi mua phi nhn hng theo ng

Phn Chia Chi Ph Moi chi ph lin quan n hng ha cho Moi chi ph lin quan hng ha k t

n hng c giao cho ngi mua.Ngoi tr, nhng chi ph pht sinh t vic khng thng bo hoc khng hon thnh th tc kim tra an ninh kp thi. Chi ph th tc hi quan, thu,xut khu, chi ph vn chuyn qua cc nc khc.

khi nhn hng. Cc chi ph pht sinh m ngi bn chi, pht sinh t vic khng thng bo v khng hon thnh th tc kim tra an ninh kp thi ca ngi mua. Chi ph th tc hi quan, thu,nhp khu.

Thng Bo Ngi bn phi thng bo cho ngi Khi c quyt nh, ngi mua phi mua cc thng tin cn thit cho vic nhn thng bo cho ngi bn v a im, thi hng. gian giao hng.

Chng T Giao Hng Bng chi ph ca mnh, ngi bn phi Ngi mua phi chp nhn nhng cung cp cho ngi mua cc chng t cn chng t giao hng ph hp t ngi bn. thit cho vic nhn hng.

Kim Tra, ng Gi, Bao B V K M Hiu Ging CIP

Ging CIP

H Tr Thng Tin V Chi Ph Lin Quan Ging CIP Ging CIP

Ngha v ca ngi bn

Ngha v ca ngi mua

Ngha v chung Ging CIP Ging CIP

Giy php, kim tra an ninh v th tc khc Ging CIP Ging CIP

Hp ng vn ti Ging CIP Ging CIP

Hp ng bo him Ging DAT

Ging DAT

Giao Hnghng ha di qyn nh ot ca ngi quy nh. mua trn phng tin vn ti ch n v sn sng d ti a im v thi gian tha thun.

Nhn Hng

Ngi bn phi giao hng bng cch t Ngi mua phi nhn hng theo ng

Chuyn Ri Ro Ging DAT Ging DAT

Phn Chia Chi Ph Moi chi ph lin quan n hng ha cho Moi chi ph lin quan hng ha k t

n hng c giao cho ngi mua.Ngoi tr, nhng chi ph pht sinh t vic khng thng bo hoc khng hon thnh th tc kim tra an ninh kp thi. Chi ph th tc hi quan, thu,xut khu, chi ph vn chuyn qua cc nc khc. Chi ph d hng ti ni n theo hp ng vn ti.

khi nhn hng. Cc chi ph pht sinh m ngi bn chi, pht sinh t vic khng thng bo v khng hon thnh th tc kim tra an ninh kp thi ca ngi mua. Chi ph th tc hi quan, thu,nhp khu. Chi ph d hng cn thit ti ni nhn hng, tr khi ngi bn chu chi ph ny theo hp ng vn ti.

Thng Bo Ging DAT Ging DAT

Chng T Giao Hng Ging DAT Ging DAT

Kim Tra, ng Gi, Bao B V K M Hiu Ging CIP

Ging CIP

H Tr Thng Tin V Chi Ph Lin Quan Ging CIP Ging CIP

CFR

Ngha v ca ngi mua

Chp thun vic giao hng gi khi c ha n v chng t vn ti. Tip nhn hng t ngi vn ti khi hng n cng bc quy nh. Tr chi ph d hng trong trng hp cc chi ph ny khng nm trong cc ph vn chuyn. K hp ng bo him v tr ph bo him nu thy cn thit. Chu mi ri ro v tn tht k t khi hng giao xong ln tu ti cng bc quy nh. Thng quan NK Lm cc th tc cn thit qu cnh qua nc th 3 nu c.

CFRN Bn TN RR

Cost and Freight ( Tin hng v cc ph)

Thng quan xut khu

Thng quan nhp khu

CFR

Ngui mua

Vn tai quc t

CP

+Fim ti hn (Xp xong trn tau) im ti hn (Cang n) CFR

CP

FCAEXW CY FAS FOB

DDP -Delivered Duty PaidL iu kin ti a trach nhim cua ngi ban iu khon ny khng phn bit hnh thc vn chuyn

DDP -Delivered Duty Paidim chuyn giao rui ro va chi phi

y l iu kin m rngca iu kin DDU, theo ngi bn khng nhng phi a hng n tn ni quy nh giao cho ngi mua m cn phi chu c ri ro v chi ph hon thnh th tc nhp khu hng ho cng nh cc khon thu nu c

. Ti sao ngi mua,ngi bn s dng iu kin DDP?Ngi mua: Khng c phng tin vn tai v ngun nhn lc Mun chuyn ton b rui ro cho ngi bn Khng c ti chnh - Khng cn lm thu tuc xut nhp khu, hp ng vn tai, tn km chi ph, c th chuyn v vic cua cng ty m khng lm cc hoat ng v thu tuc ngoi kinh doanh. - DDP c s dung khi hng c giao n mt ia im su trong ni ia (sau khi d hng cang bin haysn bay, ngi bn phai chiu thm phn chuyn ch vo su trong ni ia)

Ngi bn: C nhng thun li trong vic lm thu tuc nh: c mi quan h tt vi hai quan hoc Forwarder c th giam c chi ph so vi khi ngi mua lm. C th thu c nhngchi ph pht sinh t hp ng, vn chuyn

FAS - Free Along side Ship (giao dc mn tu)Theo iu kin ny, ngi bn s hon thnh trch nhim giao hng khi hng c t dc mn tu ti cng bc hng quy nh. Ngi bn khng phi k hp ng vn ti v bo him cho l hng XK. im chuyn giao rui ro va chi phi

Ngi bn s hon thnh trch nhim giao hng khi hng c chuyn hn qua lan can tu ti cng bc hng quy nh. Ngi bn khng phi k hp ng vn ti v mua bo him cho l hng XK. Tuy nhin ngi bn phi lm th tc XK cho l hng. Lu khi lan can tu khng cn c ngha thc t (nh vn chuyn bng cc tu Container) th hai bn nn tho thun p dng iu kin khc.

im chuyn giao rui ro va chi phi

Trong iu kin c s giao hng no, trch nhim

ca ngi bn l thp nht?a) CFR - COST AND FREIGHT

b) EXW - EX WORKSc) FAS - FREE ALONGSIDE SHIP d) FCA - FREE CARRIER e) FOB - FREE ON BOARD

b) EXW - EX WORKS

Trong iu kin FOB, ai l ngi tra ph THC(Terminal Handling Charges) ?A. Ngi ban tra phi THC tai cang xut. B. Ngi mua. A. Ngi ban tra phi THC ti cang xut.

Trong iu kin CIF, ai l ngi tra ph THC ti cng n?A. Ngi mua tra phi THC va cac chi phi cu cang ( port fees) B. Ngi ban. ap n: A

Khi bn hng trong container, ngi bn hng nn chuyn t bn FOB sang bn FCA.Vi sao?Vi khi ban FCA; ngi ban chi chuyn hang hoa trong container n bi.Nu ban FOB, ngi ban phai tn thm chi phi bc hang hoa trong Container ln tau. Cu 10.Trong iu kin FAS, trch nhim ca ngi bn l giao hng doc theo mn tu.Trong trng hp tu ngi mua qu ln, khng cp cu cng c, thi ngi bn lm th no giao hng?Trong TH trn, thi tau ngi mua u, ngi ban phai thu tau nho + cht hang ln o ch n dc man tau cua ngi mua va tin hanh giao hang.Cfi thu tau nay, ngi ban phai chiu.Do o, tranh TH nay, ngi ban cn ht sc quan tm n tau cua ngi mua, va thng bao trc tinh hinh cang cho ngi mua.

Nu xut khu theo iu kin FOB m ngi mua mun ngi bn i thu tu c ko? Gii thch?Xut FOB l qua can tu ngi bn ht trch nhim nhng ngi mua c th tha thun vi ngi bn gip ngi mua thu tu gim nhng ngi mua s chiu chi ph ny, trong L/C v vn n c 1 muc cc ph ai tra: l cc ph tra sau tc khi vn chuyn ti cang ngi mua th ngi mua tra tin cho hng tu. v rui ro ngi mua s phai chiu lun nu c tn tht th ngi mua s phai i kin tung ko hai ngi bn.

Ti sao nu cc bn khng c nh giao hng qua lan can tu th nn chuyn iu kin FOB sangiu kin FCA?.Vi khi ban FCA; ngi ban chi chuyn hang hoa trong container n bi.Nu ban FOB, ngi ban phai tn thm chi phi bc hang hoa trong Container ln tau.

CIF

Cost, Insurance and Freight ( Tin hng, ph bo him v cc ph)Ngha v ca ngi mua

Ngha v ca ngi bn

Ging nh iu kin CFR. C tng thm ngha v k hp ng bo him v tr chi ph bo him trong sut thi gian hng c vn chuyn n cng ch quy nh.

tng ng vi vic tng thm ngha v ca ngi bn l vic gim bt ngha v ca ngi mua. Trong iu kin CIF, ngi bn phi k HBH vi mc bo him ti thiu theo iu kin C. Ngi mua c th a ra bt k mt quy nh no v vic mua bo him vi chi ph tng thm do ngi mua chu.

CIFN Bn TN RR

Cost, Insurance and Freight ( Tin hng, ph bo him v cc ph)Thng quan xut khu Thng quan nhp khu

CIF

Ngui mua

Vn ti quc t

CPim ti hn

+F+Iim ti hn(Cng n)

(Xp xong ln tu)

CIF

CP

FCA EXW CY FAS FOB CFR

Mt s lu khi s dng iu kin giao hng CFR v CIF CFRp dng: vn ti bin hoc vn ti thy ni a im chuyn giao ri ro: Ngi bn hon thnh ngha v giao hng khi giao hng ln tu ti cng i ( ging FOB) ch khng phi khi hng ti cng n. Khc vi Incoterms 2000, coi lan can tu nh l im giao hng; iu khon FOB, CFR v CIF phn nh chnh xc hn thc t thng mi hin i v trnh hnh nh li thi ca vic tng tng ri ro ang treo l lng v ung a qua li mt ng tng tng (l lan can tu). Ri ro v chi ph c chuyn giao ti hai im khc nhau Khng ph hp khi hng ha c giao cho ngi chuyn ch trc khi hng c giao ln tu ( VD: hng ng trong cont) , m thng l giao hng ti bn, bi. Nu cc bn khng c nh giao hng qua lan can tu th nn s dng iu kin CPT Gi CFR = gi FOB + F Khng ph hp khi hng ha c giao cho ngi chuyn ch trc khi hng c giao ln tu ( VD: hng ng trong cont) , m thng l giao hng ti bn, bi. Trong trng hp ny nn s dng iu kin CIP

CIF

Gi CIF = (FOB+F)/[1-R(1+p)]= FOB + F+I= CFR+I

Ngi bn k hp ng bo him v tr chi ph bo Ngi bn khng c ngha v phi mua bo him cho him trong sut thi gian hng c vn chuyn n hng ha. Ngi mua s k H bo him v tr ph bo cng ch. Gi tr mua bo him mc ti thiu ( gi him nu thy cn thit CIF + 10% gtH) v bng ng tin ca H

Cng ty A ki hp ng nhp khu g t Indonesia, vi gia tr hp ng l 2 500 000 USD.Mua theo gia CIF cng Quy Nhn, Vn.S lng 10000KG. .Tnh n gia ca l hng ny, khi cng ty ki hp ng mua theo iu kin FOB.Bit cc ph vn chuyn t cng Indonesia n cng Quy Nhn l 19USD/MT.Ti l ph bo him theo iu kin C l 0,4%. ap n: Ta co : 10000kg=10MT. CIF= 2 500 000/10=250000USD/MT. FOB=CIF [ 1-R(1+P)] F = 250 000 [ 1-0,4% ( 1+10%)] 19 = 248 881 USD/MT

DAP, DDP - ti im giao hng cui cng, chi ph d hng thuc v . DAP, DDP - ti im giao hng cui cng, chi ph d hng thuc v CIP - Chi ph vn ti ni a nc nhp khu cho n im giao hng CPT Chi ph thu tc qu cnh trong qu trinh chuyn ch hng hoa FAS Chi ph bo him trong qu trinh chuyn ch hng hoa

FOB Chi ph d hng ra khi PTVT ti ni i( nc XK)EXW Chi ph bc hng ln PTVT ti ni i FCA Thu, l ph va chi ph thng quan nhp khu CIF Chi ph xp hng ln PTVT chuyn tip nc nhp khu

Chon iu kin c s giao hng no cho ngi xut khu theo cc tinh hung sau: Ngi nhp khu t lo th tc thng quan xut khu cho hng Ngi xut khu s thu phng tin vn chuyn, mua bo him nhng ri ro chuyn giao cho ngi nhp khu ngay khi giao hng cho ngi vn chuyn (xp xong trn tu) ti ni i ( nc ngi xut khu) Ngi xut khu thng quan nhp khu cho hng ho v giao hng cho ngi NK ti nc ngi NK Ngi xut khu giao hng cho ngi NK bn n, hng hoa c t trn

PTVT , sn sng c d xung Ngi xut khu giao hng cho ngi NK bn n, hng hoa c d xung ti bn n Ngi XK thu PTVT, mua bo him, nhng ri ro chuyn giao ngay cho ngi NK khi hng hoa c giao cho ngi VT u tin Ngi XK giao hng trn PTVT ch ti cho ngi vn ti u tin do ngi NK ch nh, ri ro chuyn giao khi hng c giao cho ngi VT u tin o