IN PURSUIT OF “ABSOLUTE INTEGRITY”- Identifying Causes for Police Corruption - Sinhala

2

“ ndysr idOlhkaf.a iDKd;aul n,mEu yereKqúg"

fmd,sia ¥IKh ms<sn| m%Yakh úi£fï§ yuqjk b;du

nrm;, ndOlh jkafka fmd,sia ld¾hhkaf.a iajNdjhu

yd tla whl= úiska ksyv;djfha ’kS, neïu¶ (Blue Wall)

jYfhka y÷kajk ,o ryiHNdjh" yqol,dNdjh" h:d¾:h

yd tlai;aNdjh nj úfYaI{hka nyq;rhla úiska o

ms<sf.k we;'”

- The Thin Blue Line, Czheslaw Walek

3

’W;aÍ;r fmd,Sishla¶ Wfoidfmd,sia ¥IKhkag fya;=idOl y÷kd.ekSu

g%dkaiafmarkais bkagkeIk,a Y%S ,xld

wdh;kfha m¾fhaIKhla

4

© g%dkaiafmarkais bkagkeIk,a Y%S ,xld

102/11, 1/1, ls;=,aj;a; mdr"

fld<U 08" Y%S ,xld'

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fjí : www.tisrilanka.org

ISBN : 955-1281-14-4

uqøKh :

m<uq uqøKh" 2006

* fuys uq,amsgm; bx.%Sis NdIdfjka ilik ,È' fou< msgm;o g%dkaiafmarkais bkag¾keIk,a

Y%S ,xld wdh;kfhka ,nd.; yel'

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lms, weâj¾ghsiska

fkd( î15" Ô 3 fidhsidmqr"

fudrgqj'

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ck;d fiajfha kshef<k ish¨u • ,dxflah

fmd,sia k,OdrSka fj;

fuu lD;sh

Nla;Hdorfhka mqo flf¾'

6

m¾fhaIK lKavdhu

jHdmD;s wOHCIl ( wfia, oikdhl uhdúY%dñl fcH' fmd' wêldÍ

m%Odk m¾fhaIK ks<OdÍKs ( .ÍId mSßia fukúht,a't,a'î' ^fld<U&

wNHdi,dNS m¾dfhaIK ks,Odßka ( wkqrdë kjr;akï fukúhkS;S{

iqiS ì,sx fukúhwjika jif¾ Wmdê wfmaCIsld"kS;s mSGhfld<U úYaj úoHd,h

wdê;H cd uhdkS;s YsIH"nex.f,darfha bkaÈhdkqcd;sl kS;s úoHd,h

m¾fhaIK iyldr ( wcka;d .uf.a fukúht,a't,a'î' ^fld<U&

7

g%dkaiafmarkais bkag¾keIk,a Y%S ,xld wdh;kfha mKsúvh

Y%S ,xldj we;=¿ fuu l,dmh ;=< jvd;au ¥Is; rdcH wdh;kh fmd,sish njguyck u;h nj g%dkaiafmarkais bkag¾keIk,a Y%S ,xld wdh;kh úiska 2001$2002§ mj;ajk ,o uyck ióCIKhl § fy<s úh' fmd,sisfha j.lSï yd ld¾hNdrhuyckhd fj; Rcqj n,mdk kuq;a" tu n,mEfï iajNdjh l=ula±hs ksYaphlsÍug wjldYhla fmd,sisfha ld¾Hhkaj, Ndrÿr nj ksid Bg fkd,efnkfyhska" g%dkaiafmarkais bkag¾keIk,a Y%S ,xld wdh;kh fuu wOHhkh lsÍfïwNsfhda.h Ndr .;af;ah' by; i|yka u; u. i,ikakg we;s idOl y÷kdf.k";sridr j.lSï y÷kd .ekSfï l%u l%shd;au lr" ;;ajh hym;a w;g yerùufuu m¾fhaIKfha mru wruqKh' i;=gqodhl fjkila we;s lsÍu i|yd m%;sm;a;siïmdolhska yg Ndú; l< yels fhda.H wdOdrlhla jYfhka fuu jd¾;djy÷kajd Èh yelsh'

fuu jHdmD;sh ksu lsrSug wmg ,ndÿka uyÕ= iyfhda.h yd ffO¾hh fjkqfjkafmd,siam;s pkaød m%kdkaÿ uy;d fj; g%dkaiafmarkais bkag¾keIk,a Y%S ,xldwdh;kfha úfYaI ia;=;sh ñka mqo lruq' ta uy;df.a iydh wm fj; fkd,eìKskï fuu wOHhkh lsisfia;a id¾:l fkdjkq we;' fufyhqï lñgqj fj; owmf.a wjxl ia;=;sh mqo lr isáuq' tu lñgqfõ Wmfoia wm fj; fuujHdmD;sh uq¿,af,au ,eìKs' fmd,sis ks,OdrSkaf.a u; úuiSu ms<Sn| iólaKhyd uyck u;h úuiSfï iólaIKh id¾:l f,i meje;a jQ m%§ma mSßia uy;dfj; yd fidaI,a bkaäflag¾ wdh;kfha m¾fhaIK lKavdhu fj; o wmf.alD;{;dj mqolr isáuq' fkdardâ wdh;kfhka ,enqKq wdOdr .ek wms tuixúOdkhg ;=;s mqo lr isáuq'

fuu lghq;a; id¾:l f,i iïmQ¾K lsÍug wmg iydh ÿka jHdmD;s wOHCIlwfia, oikdhl uy;dg;a" m%Odk m¾fhaIK ks<OdßKs" .ÍId mSßia fukúhg;a"wmg kka whqßka Woõ Wmldr l< ish¿ fokdg;a wfma ia;=;s mQ¾jl f.!rjhmqo lr isáuq'

¥IKfhka yd wmrdO j,ska f;dr" ksoyia ,xldjla f.dvke.Sug w;aje,a neo.ksuq `

fþ'iS' je,sswuqKúOdhl wOHCIl26'07'2006

8

fufyhqï lñgqj

uydpd¾h tia'à' fyÜáf.a ( î'ta' ^f.!&" î'*s,a îudc úoHdj&" fld<U ú'ú'"mS'tÉ'ã' ûdkj úoHdj& fudkEIa ú'ú'" íafg%,shdj iudc úoHd fcHIaG uydpd¾h.re wOHCIl" iudc m%;sm;a;s ú.%y yd m¾fhaIK wdh;kh fld<U ú'ú' TyqY%S ,xld cd;sl úoHd mokfï iudc úoHd m¾fhaIK lñgqfõ iNdm;sjrhd f,iyd fld<U ú'ú' iudc úoHd iNdm;sjrhd f,i o lghq;= lrhs' Tyq Y%S ,xldiudc úoHd ix.ufha iNdm;sjrhd o fõ' iudchSh úIu;d" iudchSh m%;sm;a;s";dreKHfha iudc úoHdj" iudchSh .eg¿ yd wOHdmkh hkd§ úúO úIhkams<sn| .%ka: yd m%ldYk úYd, .Kkla Tyq úiska iïmdokh lr we;'

wÑ,sia fcdaYma uhd ( úY%dñl ksfhdacH fmd,siam;s' 1956 isg Y%S ,xldfõ úúOm<d;aj, fiajh lf<ah' fudyq fmd,sia Wiia wNHdi úoHd,fha wOHCIl f,ilghq;= lf<ah' fmd,sia Wmfoia w;afmd;la iïmdokh lr we;' fmd,sia .eiÜksfõok iQÑhla o iïmdokh lf<ah' fmd,sia f;dr;=re ;dCIK wxYh msysgqùui|yd uQ,sl;ajh f.k lghq;= lf<ah' tlai;a rdcOdksfha mqyqKq wdh;kfha ydl<ukdldr úfYaI{ wdh;kfha idudðlfhls' jD;a;suh iñ;s ixúOdkfha fmdÿiqnfi; i|yd kS;s wdOdr lñgqfõ idudðlfhls' g%dkaiafmarkais bkagkeIk,a Y%S,xld wdh;kfha wOHCI uKav,fha idudðlfhls' ,xld Lksc f;,a ixia:dfõudkj iïm;a ixj¾Ok úfYaI{ WmfoaYljrfhls' flhd¾ bkagkeIk,a wdh;kfhayd ,xld úÿ,sn, iud.fï o úfYaI{ WmfoaYljrfhls'

Ydka fiakdkdhl ( t,a't,a'î'" kSks{" úfYaIfhkau udkj ysñlï .ek ydmßirh ms<sn|j Wkkaÿjla olajk kSks{jrfhls' ck;d iqnfi; kS;s mokfïyd kS;sh yd hqla;sh mokfï bÈßfm, l%shdldÍ idudðlfhls' ;jo" Y%S ,xldfõmokï wdh;kfha yd cd;sl <ud wdrCIl wêldßfha iïm;a odhlfhl= f,il%shd lrhs' Y%S ,xld fmd,sia fiajfha yd nkaOkd.dr fomd¾;fïka;=fõ ks,Odßkai|yd kS;s Wmfoia yd wdOdr imhhs' ck;d iqnfi; kS;s mokfï wOHCIjrfhlajYfhka ^1999-2003& yd tys iNdm;sjrhd jYfhka ^2002-2003& l%shd lf<ah'±kg Tyq kS;sh yd hqla;sh mokfï iNdm;s f,i l%shd lrhs'

ffjoHdpd¾h úkahd wdßhr;ak ( ffjoH úoHd wdpd¾h Wmdêh ms,smSkfha o,did,a úYaj úoHd,fha ^1989& uyck fi!LH ms<sn| Y%dia;%m;s Wmdêh tlai;ackmofha fcdaka fydmalskaia úYaj úoHd,fha ^1990& tï'tia'iS' Wmdêh yd m%cdfi!LHh ms<sn| tï'ã' Wmdêh fld<U úYaj úoHd,fha mYapd;a Wmdê ffjoHwdh;kh" ,sjmQ,a ksj¾;k ffjoH úÿyf,a lÓldpd¾h moúhla o ±refõ'2005 § ì%;dkH rch Tyqg fpjksx YsIH;ajh msßkud Tyqf.a Wiia fiajhgWmydr ±laùh' miqj Tyq tlai;a rdcOdksfha ,Sâia úYaj úoHd,fha ffjoH úoHdmSGfha k*S,aâ wdh;khg ne£ fiajh lf<ah' Tyq i¾fjdaoh Y%uodk jHdmdrfhaúOdhl wOHCIljrhd f,i o lghq;= lrhs' ffjoHdpd¾h wdßhr;ak uy;d

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jD;a;suh jYfhka m%cd ffjoH úoHdj$uyck fi!LHh ms<sn| úfYaI{ffjoHjrfhls' uE;l isg Tyq idu m%h;akfha mqfrda.dñhl= f,i lghq;= lrhs'Tyq hqfrdamd úYaj úoHd, mSGfha idu wOHhk flakaøfha o fiajh lrhs' 2004iqkdñ jHjikfhka miq Tyq i¾fjdaoh yÈis m%;spdr wxYfha iïnkaëlrKks,Odßhl= jYfhka l%shd lf<ah' miqj Tyq iuia; m%;sixialrK jHdmdrh Ndrjlghq;= lf<ah'

iS'à' cEkaia uy;d ( î'tia'iS' ^,xld& fudyq nkaOkd.dr flduidßiajrhd f,ifiajh lr we;' ;x.,a, nkaOkd.drfha wú .nvdjg isrlrejka lvd je§nkaOkd.dr ks,Odßka m%dK wemlrejka f,i ;nd.;a isoaêh ms,sn| mÍCIKmj;ajd jd¾;d lsÍug m;a lrk ,o ;%smqoa., lñgqfõ idudðlfhl= yd iNdm;sjrhdf,i lghq;= lf<ah' Nhdkl T!IO j¾. md,k cd;sl uKav,fha iNdm;s" udkjysñlï ld¾h n,ldfha iNdm;s yd mjq,a m%;sixialrK flakaøfha yd udkjhdi|yd mßirh ^Y%S ,xld& wdh;kfha mßmd,l jYfhka o Tyq l%shd lrhs'

wfia, oikdhl uhd ( fu;=ud fuu jHdmD;sfha wOHCIjrhd f,i lghq;=lrhs' 1965 cQ,s udifha§ Y%S ,xld fmd,sia fiajhg ne÷Kq fudyq wmrdO mßCIKfomd¾;fïka;=fõo fiajh lr we;' fmd,sishg Tyq úiska lrk ,o úYsIaGfiajdjka ms<s.ekSula jYfhka 1993 foieïn¾ ui iqm%isoaO mQ¾K N+ñ iïudkhTyq fj; msßkuk ,È' wmrdO mÍCIK fomd¾;fïka;=fõ fiajh l< ld,h;=<§ Tyq kvq lsysmhla iïnkaOfhka tlai;a rdcOdksh" m%xYh" iaúÜi¾,ka;h"fydxfldx yd ;dhs,ka;h jeks rgj,a lsysmhl§u wmrdO mÍCIKj, ksr;jQfhah' fcHIaG fmd,sia wêldßjrhl= jYfhka fiajh lrk w;r;=r Tyq fmd,siafiajfhka úY%du f.k tlai;a cd;Skaf.a hqO wmrdO mrSlaIljrfhl= jYfhkaúfoaY m;aùula Ndr .;af;ah' tu m;aùug wod<j Tyq fndiakshd y¾isf.dùkdfõi¾fþfjda k.rfha;a" fko¾,ka;fha fya.a k.rfha;a fiajfha fh§ isáfhah' Tyq2004 cQks udifha§ tlai;a cd;Skaf.a ix.ufhka úY%du .;af;ah'

geiS fikúr;ak uhd ( fudyq úY%dñl fcHIaG fmd,sia wêldßjrfhls' fmd,siafomd¾;fïka;=j ;=< ld¾hCIu;dj" iodpdrh yd wjxlNdjh ms<sn| fkdle<e,aúYsIag jd¾;djla Tyq ;nd we;' kS;sh n,d;aul lsÍu ms<sn| jir 37 lm,mqreoaola Tyq i;=j we;' úY%du .ekSug fmr Tyq fmd,sia fomd¾;fïka;=fõnqoaê wxYfha m%Odkshd f,i lghq;= lf<ah' 2002 isg 2003 olajd Tyq ol=Kqwdishdfõ ¨yq wú wdhqO jHdmD;s úfrdaë jHdmdrfha le|jqïlre f,i lghq;=lf<ah' fifkúr;ak uy;d g%dkaiafmarkais bkagkeIk,a Y%S ,xld wdh;kfhawOHCIjrfhls'

tï'ã'ta' yer,aâ uhd ( fudyq 1963 § Y%S ,xld rdcH fiajhg ne£ tu fiajfhajir 40 lau .; lf<ah' bka jir 26 lau ú.Kldêm;s fomd¾;fïka;=fõ Tyqfiajh lf<ah' ú.Kldêm;s jYfhka jir 17 la o" iyldr ú.Kldêm;s f,ijir 6 la o" ksfhdacH ú.Kldêm;s jYfhka jir 3 la o Tyq fiajh lf<ah'iïm;a ixj¾Okh" rdcH ksfhdacHdh;k ú.KldêlrKh yd rdcH" m<d;a iNd

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yd m,d;a md,k wdh;k ú.KdêlrKh yd úfoaY wruqo,a wdY%s; jHdmD;s oTyqf.a md,kh hgf;a mej;=Ks' .KldêlrKh ms<sn| Wiia iqÿiqlï .KkdjlaTyq ,nd we;' Tyq Y%S ,xld ixj¾Ok mßmd,k wdh;kfha" rcfha .KldêlrKwdh;kfha iy iemhqï yd NdKav l<ukdldr wdh;kfha lÓldpd¾hjrfhlaf,i o lghq;= lrhs'

fþ'iS' je,swuqK uhd ( fYa%IaGdêlrKfha yd wNshdpkdêlrKfha kS;S{jrfhls'md¾,sfïka;= mk;a" rdcH j.lSï yd udkj ysñlï lvlsÍï wdY%s; iqm%isoaOwdKavql%u jHjia:d kvq lsysmhla i|yd fudyq bÈßm;a úh' Tyq fld<U úYajúoHd,fha kS;s ffjoH úoHd ämaf,daud Wmdêhla ,nd we;' Tyq ,ndf.k we;súfoaY úoHd, Wmdê w;r m%xYfha iag%dian¾.a úYaj úoHd,fhka ,;a cd;Hka;rudkj ysñlï ms<sn| Wmdêhla o fõ' Tyq f,dal nexl=fõ ^fld<U ld¾hd,fha&flá ld,Sk WmfoaYl ;k;=rla o orefõh' udkj ysñlï ms<sn| ol=Kq wdishd;slld¾hxYfha idudðl;ajhla o Tyq orhs' j.lSu yd hymd,kh iy;sl lsÍui|yd fhdað; wdKavql%u jHjia:d ixfYdaOkhka fhdackd lsÍfï ld¾hfha yd¥IK úfrdaë wOHdmk úIh ud,djla ilia lsrSfuys,d Tyq ±kg ksr; ù isáhs'whsikayj¾ YsIH;aj,dNshl= jYfhka je,swuqK uy;d *s,fv,a*shd yd f,diawekac,Sia k.rj, fmd,sia ld¾h l%u yeoEßula o lf<ah' Tyq ±kg g%dkaiafmarkaisbkagkeIk,a Y%S ,xld wdh;kfha úOdhl wOHCIl OQrh Wiq,hs'

11

mgqk

fmrjok 20

1' Y%S ,xldfõ fmd,sisfha b;sydih 24

1'1 fmd,sisfha wdrïNh 241'1'1 ,kafoais hq.h 241'1'2 ì%;dkH hq.h 24

1'2 fmd,sia fiajfha j¾Okh iy m%;sixúOdkh 251'2'1 ksoyig fmr isÿùï 251'2'2 ksoyi ,nd.ekSfuka miq isÿùï 26

1'3 fmd,sia ¥IK fiajh ;=< ÿIKfha wdrïNh 26

2' fmd,sia ¥IK 28

2'1 fmd,sia ¥IKh hkq l=ulao@ 282'2 fmd,sia ¥IKhg jvd;au bv we;s fCI;% 29

3' wdh;ksl jHqyh yd mámdáuh wdlD;sh 32

3'1 OQrdj,sh yd ks,OdÍ ixLHdj 32

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ld¾hdxYh 383'2'6 úfYaI ld¾h n,ldh 393'2'7 .%du wdrCIl fiajh 39

3'3 n|jd.ekSfï mámdáh 39

3'4 mqyqKqj 403'4'1 mqyqKq lsÍfï l%shdoduh 403'5 Wiia lsÍï 42

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3'5'1 Wiia lsÍï mámdáh 423'5'2 foaYmd,kuh wruqKq iys; Wiiaùï §u yd ¥IKh

je<laùug .kq,nk mshjr 44

3'6 ia:dk udre 453'6'1 ia:dk udre mámdáh 453'6'2 wh:d ia:dk udre je<elaùu ioyd úêúOdk 49

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3'8 úkh md,k úê úOdk 543'8'1 f.!rjdNsudk fmd,sia m%;s{dj 543'8'2 fiajd fldkafoais 553'8'3 úkh kS;s ix.%yh 563'8'4 fmd,sishg tfrysj uyck meñKs,s 573'8'5 ovqjï 593'8'6 wNshdpkd 60

4' wdKavql%u jHjia:dfõ 17 jk ixfYdaOkh hgf;a msysgqjk ,ocd;sl fmd,sia fldñiu 62

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4'9 cd;sl fmd,sia fldñifï ;;ajh ^2006 cQks& 68

4'10 cd;sl fmd,sia fldñiu ms<sn|j fmd,sia ks,Odßkaf.ayd uyckhdf.a woyi 69

5' fmd,sisfha ld¾hka yd fmd,sia ¥IKh - jHjia:dms; wdlD;sh 74

5'1 1865 wxl 16 orK fmd,sia wd{d mk; 755'2 1978 fojk ckrc wdKavql%u jHjia:dj 765'3 1974 wxl 11 orK w,a,ia mk; 775'4 1975 wxl 1 orK j;alï yd nerlï m%ldY lsÍfï wd{d

mk; 775'5 w,a,ia fyda ¥IK fpdaokd úu¾Ykh lsÍu i`oyd

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6' fmd,sia fiajfha msßyS we;s njg fmdÿ ckhd w;r we;su;h ms<sn| wkqfndaOh 80

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6'2 wmrdOlrejka kS;sfha /yekg yiqlr .ekSu 866'2'1 mÍlaIK 876'2'2 iq¿ jerÈ iïnkaOfhka kvq mejÍu 906'2'3 wdY%s; wdh;k m%;sixialrKh lsÍu 91

6'3 r:jdyk md,kh 92

6'4 udkj ysñlï W,a,x>K lsrSï 956'4'1 jOysxid lsÍu yd r|jd ;nd .ekSu 956'4'2 n,y;aldrfhka w;=reoykaùu 956'4'3 oafõY iy.; kvq mejÍï 98

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6'5 fmd,sish yd m%cdj w;r in|;dj 98

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8'1 ±kg Y%S ,xldfõ l%shd;aul jk ¥IK u¾ok Wmdh ud¾. 109

8'1'1 cd;sl fmd,sia fldñiu 1098'1'2 w,a,ia fyda ¥IK fpdaokd úu¾Yk fldñiu

^w,a,ia fldñiu& 1118'1'3 úfYaI úu¾Yk tallh 112

8'2 fmd,siam;sjrhd úiska uE;l§ l%shd;aul l<mßmd,kuh fjkialï 113

8'2'1 wNsu;h iSud lsÍu 1138'2'2 taldêldrhka ì| ±óu 1138'2'2'1 ta ta m%foaYhka ;=< fmd,sishg ysñ taldêldrh 1148'2'2'2 fgkav¾ ms<sn| taldêldrh 114

8'2'3 j.lSï y÷kd.; yels l%u moaO;shla msysgqùu 115

15

8'3 Y%S ,xldfõ ¥IK u¾ok Wmdh ud¾. yd f.da,Sh miqìu 115

8'4 ±kg l%shd;aulj mj;sk hdka;%Khkaf.a id¾:l;ajh 116

9' fmd,sia ¥IKhg tfrysj l%shd lsÍu i|yd fjk;a rgj,aj,.kq ,nk l%uhka ms<sn| ;=,kd;aul wOHhkhla 120

9'1 ¥IKh u¾okh lsÍu i|yd Wmfhda.s lr .kakd l%u 120

9'1'1 weußld tlai;a ckmoh ^ksõfhda¾la k.rfha fmd,siafomd¾;fïka;=j& 120

9'1'1'1 ¥IKh yd j.lSu y÷kd.; yelsùu 1219'1'1'2 wNHka;r lghq;= ld¾hdxYh 1229'1'1'3 uyckhdf.ka ,efnk meñKs,s 1229'1'1'4 iajdëkj meje;afjk úu¾Yk 1229'1'1'5 fmd,sia ¥IK u¾ok fldñiu 1239'1'1'6 ¥IK u¾ok wNsfpdaokd ks,Odßka 1249'1'1'7 mqrjeis meñK,s úu¾Yk uKav,h 124

9'1'2 tlai;a rdcOdksh ^uQ,ia:dk fmd,sish - The Metrop--olitan Police) 125

9'1'2'1 ¥IK u¾okh i|yd fhdod .efkk hdka;%Khka 1259'1'2'2 ¥IK u¾ok lKavdhu 1259'1'2'3 wNHka;r úu¾Yk n,weKsh 1269'1'2'4 iajdëk fmd,sia meñKs,s fldñiu 126

9'1'3 fydxfldx rdcHh 1279'1'3'1 fmd,sishg tfrys meñKs,s ld¾hd,h 1289'1'3'2 iajdëk fmd,sia meñKs,s uKav,h 1289'1'1'3 ¥IK u¾ok iajdëk fldñiu 1289'1'4 bkaÈhdj 1299'1'4'1 ¥IKh ms<sn|j l%shd lsÍu i|yd hdka;%Khka 1309'1'4'2 uOHu mÍCIK ld¾hxYh 1309'1'4'3 flar<h 1309'1'5 mlsia:dkh 1319'1'5'1 m%;sixialrK 1329'1'5'2 ¥IK u¾ok l%shdud¾. 133

9'2 Y%s ,xldfõ fmd,sia fomd¾;fïka;=fõ ¥IKh msgq±lSfï Wmdh ud¾. ms<sno yd ;=,kd;aul ú.%yhla 134

9'2'1 iajdëk mÍCIK yd wjxlNdjh úksYaph lrk

16

ksÍCIK 1349'2'2 mqrjeis iudf,dapkh yd iyNd.s;ajh 1359'2'3 mÍCIK meje;aùï ksÍCIKh lsÍu 1359'2'4 foaYmd,k n,mEï 1369'2'5 lKsIaG ks,Odßka wdrCId lsÍu 1369'2'6 ¥IK úfrdaë ixialD;shla Y%S ,xldj ;=< m%j¾Okh

lsÍu 137

10' ks.uk yd ks¾foaY 13810'1 wdh;ksl cd,h jeä ÈhqKq lsÍu 13810'1'1 n|jd .ekSï 13810'1'2 jHqyh 13910'1'3 mqyqKqj 13910'1'4 Wiia lsÍï 13910'1'5 ia:dk udre 14010'1'6 jegqma" fõ;k yd §ukd 14010'1'7 ;s<sK m%odkh yd ovqjï kshu lsÍu 14010'1'8 úkh md,k mámdáh 141

10'2 moaO;s ÿ¾j,;d úi|Su 14110'2'1 udkj ysñlï 14110'2'2 fmd,sish yd m%cdj w;r iïnkaO;d 14210'2'3 wëCIKh m%udKj;a fkdùu ms<sn| úi÷ï 14210'2'4 iïm;a ysÕh 14310'2'5 fjk;a kS;s wdh;k ^wêlrKh" kS;sm;s fomd¾;-

-fïka;=j& iu. iïnkaëlrKh 14310'2'6 ¥IKh msgq ±lSu 14410'2'6'1 cd;sl fmd,sia fldñiu 14410'2'6'2 iajdëk úu¾Yk yd wjxlNdjh úksYaaph lrk mÍlaIK 14410'2'6'3 mqrjeis iudf,dapkh yd iyNd.s;ajh 14410'2'6'4 wNHka;r mÍlaIK lghq;= ksÍlaIK i`oyd

fldñiu - lñgqj 14410'2'6'5 fmd,sia fomd¾;fïka;=j yd cd;sl fmd,sia

fldñiu wëlaIKh lsÍu 14410'2'6'6' wjxlNdjh úksYaph lsÍfï tallhka 14510'2'7 foaYmd,k n,mEï 14510'2'8 fcHIaG ks,Odßka fj;ska ,efnk kS;súfrdaë ksfhda.

yd lKsIaG ks,OdÍka wdrCId lsßu 14610'2'9 m%N+ msßiaj,g wdrCIdj iemhSu 146

10'3 iudma;sh 146

17

flá fhÿï

AG – Attorney General

AHRC – Asian Human Rights Commission

ASP – Assistant Superintendent of Police

CAPO – Complaints Against Police Officers

CBI – Central Bureau of Investigation

CCPC – Commission to Combat Police Corruption

CCRB – Civilian Complaints Review Board

CI – Chief Inspector

CIABOC – Commission to Investigate Allegations of

Bribery and Corruption

CID – Criminal Investigations Division

COMPSTAT – Computerized Database of Crime Statistics

DIG – Deputy Inspector General of Police

DIU – Disappearances Investigations Unit

DL – Driving License

GCE (A/L) – General Certificate of Education (Advanced Level)

GCE (O/L) – General Certificate of Education (Ordinary Level)

IAB – Internal Affairs Bureau

ICAC – Independent Commission Against

Corruption (in Hong Kong)

ICRC – International Committee of the Red Cross

IGP – Inspector General of Police

IP – Inspector of Police

IPCC – Independent Police Complaints Commission

JVP – Janatha Vimukthi Peramuna

LST – Law and Society Trust

MPU – Missing Persons Unit

NGO – Non Governmental Organization

NHRC – National Human Rights Commission

NIBM – National Institute of Business Management

NIC – National Identity Card

NPC – National Police Commission

NYPD – New York Police Department

OIC – Officer In-Charge

PA – Personal Assistant

18

PC – Police Constable

PCA – Police Complaints Authority

PNB – Police Narcotics Bureau

POBO – Prevention of Bribery Ordinance

PP – Passport

PS – Police Sergeant

PSP – Police Service of Pakistan

PTA – Prevention of Terrorism Act

SI – Sub Inspector of Police

SIU – Special Investigations Unit

SP – Superintendent of Police

STF – Special Task Force

TISL – Transparency International Sri Lanka

USA – United States of America

UNICEF – United Nations Children’s Fund

UNHCR – United Nations Human Rights Commission

VIP – Very Important Person

VVIP – Very Very Important Person

WCD – Women’s and Children’s Desk

cd'fmd'fld - cd;sl fmd,sia fldñiu

g%d'b'Y%S',' - g%dkaiafmarkais bkagkeIk,a Y%S ,xld

19

;=;s'''æ

wmf.a wjxl yd yDohdx.u ia;=;sh

� pkaød m%kdkaÿ uy;d - fmd,siam;s

� ksu,a ueÈjl uy;d - ksfhdacH fmd,siam;s" uykqjr fmd,sia n, m%foaYh

� fþ' ;ka.fõ¨ uy;d - ksfhdacH fmd,siam;s" kS;s

� wfYdal úfþ;s,l uy;d - ksfhdacH fmd,siam;s" wmrdO úu¾Yk wxYh

� ã'ta' o f*dkafiald uy;d - ks'fmd,siam;s" fmd,siam;sjrhdf.a mqoa.,sl iyldr

� ,d,a l=,fialr uy;d - fcH'fmd'w'" fmd,siam;sjrhdf.a mqoa.,sl iyldr

� §md,a o,amodÿ uy;d - fcH'fmd'w' wOHCIl" fmd,sia Wiia wNHdi wdh;kh

� isisr fukaäia uy;d - fcH'fmd'w' wOHCIl" wmrdO úu¾Yk wxYh

� ßfhkais fmf¾rd uy;d - fcH'fmd'w' fmd,sia uyck in|;d wxYh

� wdkkao fyÜáwdrÉÑ uy;d - fcH'fmd'w' wkqrdOmqr" fmd'w'ú' ysgmq wOHCIl

� úúO wdldrfhka wmg iyh jQ fjk;a ish¿u fmd,sia ks,OdÍka

� fmd,sia m%cd in|;d ks,OdÍka

� ckdêm;s kS;S{ rxð;a wfíiQßh uy;d

� úY%dñl úksiqre wó¾ biauhs,a uy;d - w,a,ia fldñifï iNdm;s

� mshfiak rKisxy uy;d - wOHCI ckrd,a w,a,ia yd ¥IK fpdaokd ú' fld'

� fkú,a .=ref.a uy;d - m%Odk úu¾Yk ks,OdÍ" w,a,ia yd ¥IK fpdaokd ú'fld'

� flúka flá%þ uy;d - ;dCIKsl WmfoaYl" weursld tlai;a ckmofha

� kkaÈ wurfialr uy;d - wOHCIl" cd;sl ks¾udKlrejkaf.a ixúOdkh" uykqjr

� ir;a chj¾Ok uy;d - YdLd m%Odk" tlai;a cd;Skaf.a ñ;% ix.uh" uykqjr

� pkaøsld u,aldka;s ñh - ksljeráh ldka;d fmruqK

� lkaomamd uy;d - fld,a msáh

� ckiúh iudc Y+NidOl ixúOdkh" wlalrm;a;=j

� iemhqï ióCIK yd uyck wdl,am ióCIKh id¾:l f,i meje;ajQ m%§mamSßia uy;d we;=¿ fidaI,a bkaäflag¾ wdh;kfha Tyqf.a lKavdhu

� wmg iydh oelajQ iy wmj osrsu;a l< g%dkaiafmarkais bkagkeIk,a wdh;kfhald¾h uKav,h

� wmf.a uqøKlre - lms, weâia

� wmg kka whqßka iyfhda.h ÿka ish¿u fokd

úfYaI i|yk

� fkd?â wdh;kh yd u,ardð jkakswdrÉÑ uy;añh - WmfoaYl" fkdardâ^fuu jHdmD;shg ÿka iyfhda.h fjkqfjka&

� ud¾f.damfoaYl lñgqj ^lKavdhu id¾:l f,i fufyhùu fjkqfjka&� geiS fifkúr;ak uy;d - úY%dñl fcH'fmd'w' ^wdrïNl wÈhf¾§

jHmD;sh fufyhùu fjkqfjka& fj; msßkefï'

20

fmrjok

fmd,Sisfha ld¾hhka uyck;djf.a ffoksl Ôú;h yd ne£ mj;S' fmd,Sisfham%uqL;u j.lSu ck;djg fiajh lsÍuhs' ck;djf.a yd iudcfha;a wfmaCIdjkabgq flfrk mßÈ .=Kd;aulNdjfhka Wiia jQ yd mdroDIHNdjfhka hqla; jQfiajhla iemhSu fmd,Sisfhka wfmaCId flf¾'

fmd,Sish Y%S ,xldj we;= fmrÈ. rgj, jvd;au ¥Is; rdcH wdh;kh jYfhkaie<flk nj g%dkaiafmarkais bkagkeIk,a wdh;kh úiska mj;ajk ,o ¥IKhms<sn| m%dfoaYsh l,dmSh ióCIKhl § ^2001-2002& fy<súh' fmd,sia fiajdmoaO;sh jeä ÈhqKq lr" j.lsj hq;a;ka y÷kd.; yels ;sridr hdka;%Khkamsysgqùfï wruqKska" fmd,sia fiajh we;=<; ¥IKhg fya;= jYfhka ie<lsh yelsidOlhka ú.%y lsÍu i|yd ’ fmd,sia fomd¾;fïka;=j ;=< ¥IKh ms<sn|.eUqre ú.%yhla ¶ keue;s jHdmD;shlaa g%d'b'Y%S',' úiska Èh;a lrk ,È'

fuu jHdmD;sfha m%Odk ld¾hhka w;r my; i|yka tajd o úh'

� fmd,sia fiajdj ;=< mj;akd ¥IK uÜgu yd jHdma;sh ms<sn| iúia;rd;auljfM;sydisl yd ixLHd;Sh f;dr;=re tla/ia lsÍu

� ±kg l%shd;aulj mj;sk ld¾h mámdàka yd fr.=,dis wOHhkh lsÍuyd ±kg mj;akd ;;ajhka ¥IKhg wjldY imhkafka flfia±hs ksYaphlsÍu

� ld¾h mámdàka yd fr.=,dis ±kg wkq.ukh flf¾o" ke;fyd;a tajdu.yer lghq;= flf¾±hs m%dfhda.sl f,i ksYaph lsÍu'

� fuu wOHhkhg odhl ùug yjq,alrejka fj; myiqlï ie<iSu

� fjk;a rgj,a iu. ikaikaokd;aul wOHhkhla lsÍu

� mdrdoDYHNdjh yd j.lSu ms<sn| mrudo¾Y m%ñ;Ska wNsnjd ¥IKhm%uqL;djh .;a ksYaÑ; wjia:d y÷kdf.k tajd mÍCIKhg NdckhlsÍu

� fuu wxYh ;=< m%;sixialrKh i|yd m%Odk fCI;% y÷kd .ekSu fM;sydislyd ixLHd;Sh f;dr;=re fukau fmd,sia fiajfha yd uyckhdf.a wdl,amms<sn|j lrk ,o ióCIKj,ska fy<s jQ f;dr;=re o i<ld n,d"fmd,sia fomd¾;fïka;=j we;=<; mj;akd ¥IKhkag fya;+ka y÷kd.ekSu

21

i|yd ta ms<sn| Wkkaÿjla olajk whg wdOdr lsÍu fuu wOHkfhawruqK fõ'

fuu jHdmD;sfha fldgila jYfhka ’hym;a fmd,sia fiajhla ms<sn| wdl,am¶keue;s ióCIKh meje;aùu iajdëk iudchSh m¾fhaIK wdh;khla jk “fidaI,abkaäflag¾¶ wdh;kh fj; g%d'b'•',x' úiska Ndrfok ,È' tu ióCIKhfldgia follska hqla; úh' m%:u jgh i|yd fmd,sish iyNd.s jQ w;r ^fmd,siaks,OdrSkaf.a u; úuiqu ms<sn| ióCIKh&" fojk jgh i|yd ^uyck u;húuiSu ms<sn| ióCIKh& uyck iyNd.s;ajfhka isÿ lrk ,È'

fmd,sia fomd¾;fïka;=fõ ks,Odßka yg uqyqKmEug isÿjk úúO m%Yak ms<sn|Tjqkaf.a wdl,amhka yd woyia ±k .ekSu i|yd f;dr;=re iemhqï ióCIKhla’g%dkaiafmarkais bkagkeIk,a Y%S ,xld¶ wdh;kh fjkqfjka ’fidaI,a bkaäflag¾¶wdh;kh úiska mj;ajk ,È' úúO miqìï iys; úfYaI{ lKavdhula ^iudcúod{hka" ysgmq fcHIaG fmd,sia ks,OdÍka" kS;s{hska jeks& úiska ilia lrk,o m%Yakdj,shla fhdod .ksñka mj;ajk ,o iïuqL idlÉPdjka ud¾.fhka fuuióCIKh l%shd;aul lrk ,È' fuu ióCIKh 2005 fmnrjdß 05 jk od isg08 jk od olajd yd 2005 fmnrjdß 10 jk od isg ud¾;= 03 jk od olajd;amj;ajk ,È' Bg fmr lsis úfgl fkdmj;ajk ,o wdldrfhka jQ fuu ióCIKhi|yd fiajfha kshqla; fmd,sia ks,OdÍka 770 la wyUq f,i f;dard .kakd ,ow;r" Tjqka yg fomd¾;fïka;=j ;=< uqyqK §ug isÿjk m%Yak yd .eg¿ ms<sn|Tjqkaf.a woyia ksoyia f,i m%ldY lsÍfï wjia:djla bka Tjqkg imhd fok,È'

fmd,sia fiajh iïnkaOfhka uyckhdf.a ;Dma;sh yd woyia úuid n,d" fmd,siafiajh ms<sn| uyck wdl,amh ±k .ekSu i|yd uyck u; úuiSu ms<sn|ióCIKh mj;ajk ,È' úfYaI{ lKavdhula úiska iïmdÈ; m%Yakdj,shlamokï lrf.k mj;ajk ,o fuu ióCIKh 2006 fmnrjdß 14 jk od isg2006 ud¾;= 06 jk od olajd l%shd;aul lrk ,È' by; iólaIK j,ska Wmqgd.kakd ,o fldgia fuu jd¾;djg we;=<;a lr we;'

fuu ióCIKfha§" kqjr" l=reKE., yd ksljeráh we;=¿ Èjhsfka úúO m<d;aj,gf.dia ta ta m%foaYj, m%cd ixúOdk yryd idudkH ck;dj w;ßka f;dard.;amqoa.,hka 1000 la muK iu. idlÉcd lf<uq' tu idlÉcdj, mrud¾:h jQfhafmd,sish yd uyckhd w;r mj;akd iïnkaO;dj ú.%y lsÍu yd uyckhduqqyqKmdk .eg¿ y÷kd .ekSuhs' ta yryd /ia lr .kakd ,o f;dr;=re o fuujd¾;djg we;=<;a lr ;sfí'fuu jHdmD;sh id¾:l f,i l%shd;aul lsÍu i|yd mQ¾K iyfhda.h wm fj;,nd ÿka fmd,siam;s jkaød m%kdkaÿ uy;d fj;;a" fmd,sia uQ,ia:dkfha Tyqf.a

22

ld¾h uKav,h fj;;" fmd,sia ia:dk Ndr ks,OdÍ uy;=ka we;=¿ ish¿u fmd,siaks,OdÍ uy;=ka fj;;a" wmf.a yDohx.u lD;{;dj m%ldY lr isáuq' ;jo

by; ióCIKhka id¾:l f,i meje;ajQ m%§ma mSßia uy;dg yd ’fidaI,a bkaäflag¾¶

wdh;kfha ld¾h uKav,hg;a wmf.a wjxl ;=;sh mqo lr isáuq'

fuu jd¾;dfjka fy<sjk f;dr;=re yd tys ks.ukhka ú.%yhg Ndckh lsÍu

;=<ska" fmd,sia fomd¾;fïka;=j jeä ÈhqqKq lsÍu i|yd wjYH mshjr .ekSug

wjia:djla m%;sm;a;s ;SrKh lrk whg yd wod< fldgiaj,g ,efnkq we;ehs

wms n,dfmdfrd;a;= fjuq' tfia isÿjqjfyd;a" iduh iyÔjkh yd kS;s.rel;ajh

iys; rgla f.dv ke.Sug;a" ;sridr fi!Nd.Hhg ;=vq fok mßirhla we;s

lsÍug;a yels jkq we;'

-m¾fhaIK lKavdhu

24

1 Y%S ,xldfõ fmd,sisfha b;sydih

1'1 fmd,sisfha wdrïNh

1'1'1 ,kafoais hq.h

Y%S ,xld fmd,sisfha b;sydih ,kafoais hq.fha miq Nd.h olajd úysfoa' fld<Uk.rh ;=< kS;sh yd iduh wdrCId lsÍfï j.lSu ,kafoaiska úiska yuqodj fj;Ndr lrk ,È' 1659 § fld<U k.r iNdfõ fhdackdjla wkqj" rd;%S ld,fha§k.rh wdrCId lsÍu i|yd jegqma ,nk wdrCIlfhda m;a lrk ,oy' fuuwdrCIlfhda udisl jegqmla ,enQy' tfyhska fudjqka furg fmd,sisfha fmr .ukalrejka f,i ie<lsh yelsh' m%:u fmd,sia ia:dk ;=k ,kafoaiska úiska fld<Ufldgqfõ" fldgqj yd msgfldgqj hd lrk Èhuxlv yd lhsuka fodrgqfõ msysgqjk,È'1

1'1'2 ì%;dkH hq.h

,kafoaiSka úiska Èjhsk ì%;dkH md,khg Ndrÿka Èk ^1796 fmnrjdß 16 od&isgu kS;sh yd iduh wdrCId lsÍfï j.lSu yuqodj fj; mjrk ,È' 1797 §msial,a ks,OdÍ ;k;=rla msysgqjk ,o w;r" tu ks,Odßhdf.a ld¾h jQfhafmd,sish mßCId lsÍuhs' tfy;a" fmd,sish mßCId lsÍfï ld¾h Ndrh b;du;aNdr¥r jQ fyhska" tu ld¾h ufyaia;%d;ajreka yd fmd,sia úksYaphldrjreka fj;mjrk ,È' fï i|yd ufyaia;%d;ajrekag iydh ùu i|yd ,eialßkajre m;alrk ,oy'

wmrdO je<elaùug yd wmrdO mÍCIKh lsÍug wjYH;djla mek ke.=kq.ïno m%foaY i|yd fmd,sia úodfkajrfhla fyda fmd,sia fldia;dm,a jrfhla m;alrk ,oy'2 fld<U k.rh fldÜGdi 15 lg fnod fjka lrk ,o w;r" ta tlatla fldÜGdih wëCIKh lsÍu i|yd fmd,sia fldia;dm,ajre m;a lrk ,oy'3

fmd,sia mÍCIl OQrh msysgqùu;a iu." ì%;dkH md,kh mej;s m%foaY ;=<id¾:l fmd,sia moaO;shla l%shd;aul úh' fuu moaO;sh hgf;a fldia;dm,ajrekak.r uqr ixpdr l< w;r fmd,sia úodfkajre fyda fldia;dm,ajre .ïnom%foaY ;=< tu ld¾hh bgq l<y'

1 ta'iS' fvma" ,xld fmd,sia fiajfha b;sydih" 1 jk fj¿u" 1982 Y%S foaú" foysj," 6 jk msgqj2 1806 wxl 06 orK fr.=,dish'3 1806 wxl 14 orK mk;4 www.police.lk

25

1805 jk úg fmd,sisfha ld¾hNdrhka meyeÈ,s f,i ks¾jpkh ù ;snQ w;r"uyck wdrCIdj yd iqj myiqj ie<iSu" wmrdO je<elaùu yd wmrdO mÍCIKhiy kS;sh yd iduh mj;ajdf.k hdu Bg we;=<;a úh'4

1'2 fmd,sia fiajfha j¾Okh yd m%;sixúOdkh

1'2'1 ksoyi ,eîug fmr isÿùï

uq¿ Èjhsku tlu md,khla hg;g f.k wd hq;= njg 1833 fld,anDDlafldñiu ks¾foaY lf<ah' tu ks¾foaYh wkqj lghq;= lrñka mßmd,kuhld¾hka i|yd;a fmd,sia ld¾hhka i|yd;a ,xldj m<d;a 5 lg fnod fjka lrk,§'5 fmd,ssish wëCIKh lsÍfï n,hla Èid úksYaphldrjreka fj; ysñ úh'

fmd,sia ld¾hNdrhka ixúOdkh lsÍug yd wëCIKh lsÍug n,h we;s j.lsjhq;= ks,Odßhl= iys; fmd,sia fiajhla msysgqùu i|yd fhdackdjla fld<U uyk.r iNdj úiska tu jif¾§u iïu; lr .kakd ,È' ta wkqj" tjlgw.%úksYaphldrjrhdf.a f,alï ;k;=r biqÆ o f;dauia Tiaúka uy;d m%:ufmd,sia wêldßjrhd ^iqmsßkafgkavkaÜ& f,i m;a lrk ,È'

fmd,sia fiajfha m%Odkshdf.a ;k;=re kduh m%Odk fmd,sia wêldßjrhd f,iye÷ka jQ kuq;a" 1867 § fmd,sia w{d mk; ixfYdaOkh lr tu moúkduhfmd,siam;s hkqfjka fjkia lrk ,È' bkamiq ld,fha§ hdmkh" ;%sl=Kdu,h".d,a," ukakdru" l=reKE.," inr.uqj iy uykqjr hk k.rj, fmd,siaia:dk msysgqjd fmd,sia fufyhqï ld¾hhka mq¿,a lrk ,È'6 1858 È taldnoaOfmd,sia fiajhla msysgqjk ,ÿj" 1865 jk úg furg fmd,sia ia:dk 55 la muKmsysgqjd ;snqKs' 1916 § Èjhsk mqrd fmd,sia ia:dk 138 la ;sìK' fuf,iska" Y%S,xld fmd,sia fiajh m%dfoaYSh uÜgul isg cd;sl fiajdjl ;;ajhg j¾Okhúh'

fmd,sia ks,OdÍkaf.a n,;, yd j.lSï kshu lsÍu i|yd 1865 § fmd,sia wd{dmk; mkjk ,o w;r" 1870 § wmrdO úu¾Yk wxYh ^CID& msysgqjk ,È'weÕs,s i<l=Kq .ekSu" cdhdrEm.; lsÍu jeks kj l%u y÷kajd §u ;=<ska iyfmd,sish ÿria; ikaksfõok moaO;shla imhd§fuka yd cx.u fiajd i|yd

5 ta'iS' fvma" ’,xld fmd,sia fiajfha b;sydih¶ " 1 jk fj¿u" 1982 Y%S foaú" foysj," 186 jk msgqj6 1813 wxl 06 orK fr.=,dish'

26

myiqlï iemhSfuka o fï ld, mßÉfþoh ;=< § fmd,sish kùlrKh úh' taw;ru wmrdO jd¾;d úu¾Ykh yd mÍCIK lghq;= jvd;a l%udkql+, lrk ,È'tys m%:sm,hla f,i fmd,Sish kj uqyqKjrla .eksKs'

1'2'2 ksoyi ,nd .ekSfuka miq isÿùï

1948 § ksoyi ,eîu;a iu. yd m%:u Y%S ,dxlsl fmd,siam;sjrhd f,i Y%Su;aßpâ w¿úydf¾ uy;d m;a lsÍu;a iu. kj mshjrhka lsysmhlau .kakd ,È'kj mqyqKq l%u" fmd,sia ks,Odßkaf.a fiajd myiqlï jeä ÈhqKq lsÍu" úu¾Ykh"wmrdO je<elaùu yd mÍCIKh ms<sn| kùk l%u y÷kajd §u"7 uyck in|;d;r lsÍu8 yd ldka;d fmd,sia fiajh wdrïN lsÍu9 tu kùlrK mshjr w;riuyrls' ffjoH m%;sldr" ÿïßh m%jdykh" m%Odk mÍCIl fY%aKshg wvq fYa%Ksi|yd f.j,a l=,S §ukd f.ùu" m%jdyk §ukd f.ùu iy fiajfhka úY%du.ekSfï§ úY%du jegqma f.ùu hkd§ jrm%ido 1955 isg fmd,sia ks,OdÍka fj;m%odkh lrk ,È'

1956 ka miq fmd,sisfha ld¾hNdrh jHqyuh jYfhka yd wdl,amSh jYfhka ofjkia úh' tys ld¾hNdrh kS;sh yd iduh wdrCId lsÍug iy wmrdOje<elaùug yd mÍCIKhg muKlau iSud fkdù" fiajh i|yd lemjqKQ wdh;khlanjg m;a fõ'

fmd,sia Wiia wNHdi wdh;kh 1978 § wdrïN lrk ,È' fmd,sia úfYaI ld¾hn,ldh 1983 § msysgqjk ,È' fmd,sisfha f;dr;=re ;dCIK YdLdj 1993 §msysgqjd" 1998 § fmd,sisfha fjí wvúh wdrïN lrk ,È'

,kafoais hq.fha§ k.r wdrCIl fiajhla f,i wdrïN lrk ,o ,xld fmd,siafiajh j¾udkh fmdÿ ck wdrCIdj yd iqj myiqj iemhSu" wmrdO je<elaùuyd mÍCIKh yd kS;sh yd iduh mj;ajd .ekSu hk m%Odk ld¾hka bgq lrkcd;sl fiajdjla f,i jeä ÈhqKq ù we;' fuu wdh;kfha j¾Okh i|yd kjmshjr /ilau .kakd ,o nj meyeÈ,sh'

1'3 fmd,sia fiajh ;=< ¥IKfha wdrïNh

fiajd Wiiaùï fukau jegqma j¾ê;hka m%odkh lsÍu i|yd;a iQÿ fmd<j,a ydn,m;% rys; wrlal= wf,ú ie,a i|yd bv§u i|yd;a úêu;a igyka rys;j

7 1972 wf.daia;= 01 jk od fmd,sia mrSlaIK ld¾hdxYh msysgqjk ,È' 1973 § fld<U jxpd úu¾Yk ld¾hdxYh wrUk ,È' ikaksfõok lghq;= i|yd VHF .=jka úÿ,s hka;% Ndú;h werôKs8 1966 Tlaf;dïn¾ 01 jk od fmd,sia uyck iïnkaO;d wxYh;a" 1969 ud¾;= udifha§ ixpdrl fmd,sia fiajh iy kS;súfrdaë wd.uk wxYh;a msysgqjk ,È9 1952 § m%:u j;djg ldka;dfjda fmd,sia fiajhg n|jd .kakd ,oy

27

fmd,sia w;awvx.=jg .kakd ,o mqoa.,hka uqod yeÍu i|yd;a w,a,ia .ekSuisÿjk njg idCIs 1856 § mjd ;sìK' mÍCIK meje;aùfuka miq jroldÍks,OdÍkaf.a fiajh w;aysgqjk ,È'

f,dkavka wdKavqldrjrhdf.a fiajd ld,fha§ fmd,sia fiajh ;=< ¥IKh ydwld¾hCIu;d ;snQ njg fpdaokd t,a, úh' 1879 mßmd,k jd¾;dj wkqjwld¾hCIu;djkag fya;=j jYfhka jeä jYfhkau fmkajd fok ,oafoa kqmqyqKqks,OdÍka fiajhg m;a lsÍuhs'10

,xld fmd,sia fiajh ;=< w,a,ia .ekSu isÿfõ±hs hkak 1883 § Y%Su;a tiaukaâúiska ì%;dkH uyck uka;%S uKav,fha§ m%Yakhla k.k ,È'11 fuu m%Yakhgms<s;=re jYfhka leïn,a wdKavqldrjrhd mjid isáfha ;sia jirl Tyqf.aw;a±lSï ;=< ,xld fmd,sish ;rï w,a,ia .ekSu wvq fjk;a wdh;khla Tyqfkdo;a njhs' w,a,ia .kakd whg kshu flfrk ±ä ovqjï tu ;;ajhg fya;=jQ nj m%ldY flßKs' ^ksoiqkla kï w,a,ia .;a wh uy;a wjudkhg m%d;% lrfiajfhka wia lrk ,oS&

fmd,sia fiajh ;=< ¥IKh ms<sn| fpdaokd lsÍu i|yd 1906 fmd,sia fldñiu m;alrk ,È' iema;eïn¾ 3 jk od isg Tlaf;dn¾ 13 jk od olajd fldñiu ieisjdr12 la mj;ajd idCIslrejka 60 fofkl= úNd. l<y' fldñifï ks.ukh jQfhamy< fY%aKsj, ks,Odßka kS;úfrdaê ;=gqmqvqre ,nd .kakd njhs'

1912 § lr;a;lrejkaf.a jevj¾ckfhka miq fmd,sisfha ¥IKh mej;=K njm%isoaêfhau ms<s.eksK' ^fld<U k.rfha ùÓj,§ fmd,sia fldia;dm,ajreka úiskaßlafIdalrejkaf.ka kS;súfrdaë uqo,a whlsÍï ,nd .kakd njg fpdaokd t,a,úh12&

¥IK l%shd je<elaùu i|yd fcHIaG ks,Odßka úiska b;d ±ä l%shd ms<sfj;lawkq.ukh lrk ,È' 1910 § w,a,ia ,nd .ekSfï fpdaokd u; fmd,sia ks,Odßyq213 fofkla fiajfhka fkrmk ,oy'

by; i|yka lreKqj,ska fmkS hkafka ,xld fmd,sia fiajfha wdrïNfha§ jqjo¥IKh mej;s njhs' tfia jqjo ¥IKh msgq ±lSu i|yd .kakd ,o mshjr wkqj¥IKfha nrm;,lu ld,fhka ld,hg wvq jeä úh'

10 ta'iS' fvma ’,xld fmd,sia fiajfha b;sydih¶ " 2 jk fj¿u" 1866-1913" fld<U - 251 jk msgqj11 ta'iS' fvma ’,xld fmd,sia fiajfha b;sydih¶ " 2 jk fj¿u" 1866-1913" fld<U - 251 jk msgqj12 1912 wf.daia;= 13 od “The Time” mqj;am;

28

2 fmd,sia ¥IK

hï wdh;khla ¥Is; fõkï foaYmd,kuh wd¾Óluh yd iudchSh Ôú;húlD;s lsÍu ;=<ska oßø;djh mq¿,a f,i me;srS hhs'13 hï wdh;khla fydamqoa.,hl= ¥Is; fõ kï mqoa.,sl jdish i,ld ñi fmdÿ Y=N isoaêh i,ld ;SrK.kq fkd,nhs' fuys m%;sM,hla jYfhka m%cd;;ak;%jdoh fukau wdh;khkaf.akS;s.relNdjh o ÿ¾j, ù uyck úYajdih yd iyfhda.h ySk fõ' ta iu.uudkj ysñlï yd fmdÿ ckhd i;= iudchSh yd wd¾Ól whs;sjdislï W,a,x>khùug u. mE§ wjxl Ôúldjla lr .ekSfï ñksia whs;sjdislu lv fõ' ^fuhúfYaIfhkau ixj¾Okh fjñka mj;akd rgj,a iïnkaOfhka wod< fõ& fujeks;;ajhka hgf;a m%cd;ka;%jdoS iudchla ;=< kS;shg yd iduhg úYd, ndOdjlawe;s fõ' tfyhska ¥IKh m%cd;ka;%jdoh ÿ¾j, lrkq ,nkjd muKla fkdjY=NidOl rdcHhl wruqK jk uyck Y=N isoaêhgo ydkshla we;s lrk njmeyeÈ,sh'

fmd,Sish ¥Is; kï Bg uyck iyfhda.h ,nd .; fkdyelsh' uyck iyfhda.hfkdue;sj fmd,Sishg lsisfia;a ish lghq;= id¾:lj bgql< fkdyel'14

2'1 fmd,sia ¥IKh hkq l=ula o@

fmdÿ ks¾jpkh wkqj fmd,sia ¥IKh hkq ;uka fj; fyda fjk;a whl= fj;mqoa.,sl jdishla ,nd .ekSfï fÉ;kdfjka fmd,sia ks,Odßhl= úiska ;u n,;,wksis f,iska Wmfhda.s lr .ekSuhs'15 fmd,sia ¥IKfha m%Odk;u ,CIKh ’n,;,wksis f,i Wmfhda.s lr .ekSu¶ nj meyeÈ,s fõ' n,;, wksis f,i Wmfhda.slr .ekSfï m%;sM,h jkafka tu n,;, m%odkh lsÍfï wruqK bgq fkdùu fydafmd,sia ld¾hkaf.a w¾:,dNshd úh hq;= fmdÿ ckhd fj; wys;lr m%;sM,hlawe;s ùuhs'

fukhska n,k úg ¥IKh fya;= fldgf.k kS;s úfrdaë ls%hd md,kh lsÍugfmd,sishg we;s yelshdj ÿ¾j, jk nj muKla fkdj fmd,sia fiajfha.=Kd;aulNdjh jeä ÈhqKq lr .ekSug .; yels iEu mshjrlau wvd, jk njo meyeÈ,s f,i wjfndaO fõ'

13 mSg¾ whs.ka - iNdm;s" ’g%dkaiafmarkaia bkagkeIk,a ¶ m;%sldj14 1970 21 jk ieis jd¾;dj - 1970 cQ,s ui fmd,sia fldñifï wjidk jd¾;dj ^niakdhl fldñIka jd¾;dj& rcfha uqøKd,h15 y¾uka f.d,aâiaghska" “Policing a Free Society” m%:u ixialrKh" flaïì%þ" 1977

29

rfÜ kS;sj,g .re lrk f,ig;a tu kS;s ms<smÈñka Ôj;ajk f,ig;auyckhdf.ka wdhdpkh lr isàug kS;s l%shd;aul lrkakka jYfhka fmd,sishgwhs;sjdislula we;' kS;s lvlrkakka w;awvx.=jg .ekSug;a" ßudkaâ Ndrfhar|jd ;nd .ekSug;a" Tjqka Widú fj; bÈßm;a lsÍug;a n,;, fmd,sish fj;mjrd we;' fuu ld¾hh id¾:l f,i bgq lsÍug kï" fmdÿ ckhd w;rfmd,sish ms<sn| m%;srEmh jvd hym;a f,i ;sîu w;HjYH fõ' ¥IKh u.skafmd,sisfha úYajdikShNdjh ÿ¾j, fõ' tjeks ;;ajhla hgf;a kS;s.rel iudchlahkq yqÿ isyskhls'

fmd,sishg jegqma f.ùu i|yd uqo,a ,ndfok nÿ f.jkakka fmd,sisfhka wfmaCIdlrkafka kS;sh lv lsÍu je<elaùuhs' kuq;a w,a,ila ,nd .kakd fmd,sia ks,Odßhdwe;a; jYfhkau kS;sh lv lsÍu Èßu;a lrhs' w,a,ia .eksug weíneys jQfmd,sia ks,Odßyq iudc úfrdaê .;s mej;=ï m;=rej;s' fmd,sia ks,Odßhl= ndysrmd¾Yajhl uqo,a n,hg hg;a ù isàkï fmd,sisfha úêu;a mßmd,k jHqyhÿ¾j, fõ'16 ¥Is; fmd,sia ks,Odßyq fmd,sia ld¾hhka bgq fkdlr;s' Tjqkaf.awruqKq ck;djf.a wNsjDoaêhg lghq;= lsrSu fkdjkq we;' fmd,sisfha fcHIaGks,Odßhl= ¥Is; kï Tyq hgf;a isák fiajlhka md,kh lsÍug Tyq wiu;a fõ'tys m%;sM,hla jYfhka mßmd,kh ì| jeà uq¿ fmd,sia fiajfhau m%;srEmhflfrys whym;a n,mEula we;s lrhs'

tu ksid wm rfÜ m%cd;ka;%jdoh jvd Yla;su;a lsÍug;a" fmdÿck whs;sjdislïwdrCId lsÍug;a" fmd,sish ;=< ¥IKh uev meje;aùu b;d jeo.;a fõ'

2'2 fmd,sia ¥IKhg jvd;au bvlv we;s fCI;%

fmd,sia ¥IKfha m%fNao /ils' ish¿ oE ,ehsia;=.; lsÍu Wlygh' bka b;duiq,N fCI;%hla kï iellrejka w,a,ia u; kS;sh bÈßhg f.k tafuka je<lSisàuhs'17 îu;aj ßh meojQ mqoa.,hkaf.ka w,a,ia ,nd f.k Tjqka kS;sfha /yekg yiq fkdlrf.k ksoyfia isàug bv yeÍu ms<sn| wjia:d úYd, ixLHdjlajd¾;d ù we;'

fmd,sia ¥IKfha ;j;a tla iajrEmhla kï úu¾Ykhla fyda mÍCIKhla iïmQ¾Kùug fmr w;ayer ±óug tlÕ ùuhs'18 fuys m%;sM,h jkafka wmrdO jeäùu ydfmd,sish flfrys uyck úYajdih ySk ùuhs' úu¾Ykhla w;r ueo kj;d ±ófukajrolreg ovqjï §u je<flkq muKla fkdj whym;a wdo¾Yhla o we;s fõ'

16 iekaä iañ;a" “You Can’t Expect Police on the Take in Take Order” iÕrdj" 1968 foieïn¾ 06" 40 jk msgqj17 y¾uka f.d,aâiaghsk a ” “Policing a Free Society” m%:u ixialrKh" flaïì%þ" 197718 y¾uk a f. d, aâi agh sk a " “Policing a Free Society” m %:u ixi alrKh" flaïì%þ" 1977

30

tf,iu kS;sh yd iduh lv flfrk njg ljqre;a okakd ia:dk fukau fmd,siaks,Odßhl= isáhfyd;a kS;súfrdaê l%shd wvq jk njg okakd ia:dk o" mÍCIKhgNdckh lsÍfuka je<lS isàu o fmd,sia ¥IKh ksid isÿ fõ' ksoiqkla jYfhka±lajqjfyd;a uqo,a w,a,ila fyda hï mqoa.,sl jdishla wmrdOlrejka fj;ska,nd .kakd fmd,sia ks,Odßka iuyrúg wmrdOlrejka .ejfik njg okakdia:dkj,g wjYH fõ,djkag uqr ixpdr fkdlr isáh yelsh'

fmd,sia ¥IKh isÿúh yels ;j;a fCI;%hla kï fpdaokdjl nrm;,lu wvqlsÍug fm<öuhs' uqo,a w,a,ila ,nd .ekSu ksid fyda fjk;a mqoa.,sl m%fhdackhla;ld fyda tfia;a ke;fyd;a jrolre yd fmd,sia ks,Odßhd w;r mj;akd mqoa.,slin|;djla ksid l< jrog jvd wvq jrolg fpdaokd bÈßm;a flf¾'19 fuysm%;sM,hla jYfhka jrolreg Tyq l< jro i<ld n,k úg idfmaCIj wvqovqjula kshu flf¾'

fmd,sia ¥IKh olskakg yels ;j;a wjia:djla kï wjYH m%udKhg jvd wêljQ fmd,sia wdrCIdjla iemhSug lghq;= lsÍuhs'20 fuys m%;sM,h kï fmd,siaks,Odßka ysÕh fya;=fjka jvd jeo.;a fmd,sia ld¾Hhka u. yeÍhduhs'

fmd,sishg wh;a foam, wksis f,i mßyrKh lsÍu wo fndfyda úg olakg,efí' ksoiqkla f,i .;fyd;a fmd,sia r:jdyk ks;r ks;r fmd,sia rdcldßfkdjk fjk;a lghq;= i|yd fhdod .efka' kshu fmd,sia rdcldß i|yd wjYHr:jdyk fï ksid ,nd.; fkdyels ;;ajhla Woa.; fõ'

fomd¾;fïka;=fõ ryiH ,sms f,aLk ,nd §u yd tu ,sms f,aLk jxpdldß f,ifjkia lsÍuo fmd,sia ¥IKfha ;j;a me;slvls'21 fmd,sia jd¾;dj, ryiHNdjhì£fuka fmd,sisfha ryiH nqoaê f;dr;=re wxYh ÿ¾j, úh yelsh'

19 ta'fla' jkaøldka;" ^ysgmq ksfhdacH wOHCI ckrd," CIABOC& úiska bÈßm;a lrk ,o" ’w,a,i yd¥IKh je<elaùu” keue;s foaYk m;%h¶ 01'01'200420 y¾uka f.d,aâiaghska" “Policing a Free Society” m%:u ixialrKh" flaïì%þ" 197721 ta'fla' jkaøldka;" ^ysgmq ksfhdacH wOHCI ckrd,a" CIABOC& úiska bÈßm;a lrk ,o’w,a,i yd¥IKh je<elaùu¶ keue;s foaYk m;%h" 01'01'2004

32

3 wdh;ksl jHqyh yd mámdáuh wdlD;sh

fmd,sia fiajh ;=< ¥IKh me;sÍ we;s m%udKh ;lafiare lsßug kï fmd,sisfhawdh;ksl jHqyh yd mámdáuh wdlD;sh ms<sn| ukd wjfndaOhla ;sîu b;dwjYHh' fmd,sisfha wdh;ksl jHqyh" Wmpdrhka yd mámdáka iy wNHka;rfr.=,dis yd ksfhda. fuu mßÉfþofha úia;r flf¾'

3'1 OQrdj,sh yd ks,OdÍ ixLHdj

2005'12'31 Èk fmd,sia fiajfha idudðl ixLHdj 63"79722 la úh'

iaÓr fiajl ixLHdj

.eiÜ lrk ,o fcHIaG ks,OdÍ ;k;=re

fmd,siam;s1

fcHIaG ksfhdacH fmd,siam;s6

ksfhdacH fmd,siam;s28

fmd,sia wêldß ;k;=re

fcHIaG fmd,sia wêldßka83

fmd,sia wêldßka - 144ldka;d fmd,sia wêldÍjrshka - 1

iyldr fmd,sia wêldßka - 197ldka;d iyldr fmd,sia wêldÍjßhka - 9

.eiÜ lrk ,o ks,Odß ;k;=re

m%Odk fmd,sia mÍCIljreka - 249ldka;d m%Odk fmd,sia mßCIljßhka - 6

fmd,sia mÍCIljreka - 1691ldka;d fmd,sia mÍCIljßhka - 52

Wm fmd,sia mÍCIljreka - 4830ldka;d Wm fmd,sia mÍCIljreka - 562

.eiÜ fkdlrk ,o ks,Odß ;k;=re

fmd,sia ierhka fïc¾jreka68

fmd,sia ierhkajre - 8434ldka;d fmd,sia ierhkajßhka - 811

fmd,sia fldia;dm,ajreka - 42"378ldka;d fmd,sia fldia;dm,ajßhka - 4247

22 2005'12'31 Èkg wod< ixLHd - fmd,sia uQ,ia:dkfha mqoa., yd jd¾;d wxYh ^fuf;la m%ldYhg m;a lr ke;&

33

3'2 lD;Hd;au

3'2'1 wmrdO mÍCIK fomd¾;fïka;=j

wmrdO je<elaùu yd wmrdO úu¾Ykh lsÍu fmd,sisfha m%Odk ld¾hka fõ'23 Y%S,xldfõ fmd,sia fiajfha wmrdO úu¾Yk wxYh nrm;, wmrdO ms<sn| úu¾Yklghq;= bgq lrhs' wmrdO úu¾Yk wxYfha m%Odk ld¾hhka my; i|yka fõ'24

� nrm;, wmrdO iy wdrCIdjg wod< wmrdO mÍCIK lsßu

� remsh,a ñ,shk 3 lg wêl jdKscuh wmrdO" nqoaêuh foam,j,giïnkaO wmrdO yd uqo,a wh:d f,i mßyrKh lsÍï ms<sn| mÍCIKlghq;= lsÍu iy uQ,Huh .Kqfokq jd¾;d lsÍu

� wmrdO úu¾Yk wxYfha iydh b,a,k ,ÿj" tu iydh imhk f,ifmd,siam;sjrhdf.a ksfhda. ,;a úg wmrdO úu¾Yk wxYh mÍCIKlghq;= i|yd ta ta fmd,sia wxYhkag Wmldr fõ' fï yereKq úgcd;Hka;r fmd,sia ixúOdkhkag iydh ùuo tys ;j;a ld¾hls'

� nrm;, ;%ia;jd§ wmrdO mÍCIKh" ;%ia;%jd§ l%shd ms<sn| ryiHf;dr;=re ,nd .ekSu yd ;%ia;jd§ka uqo,a ,nd .kakd l%u ms<sn|jf;dr;=re /ia lsÍu

� ckdêm;sjrhd" ksfhdacH wdrCIl weu;sjrhd" wdrCIl wud;HxYfhaf,alïjrhd iy fmd,siam;sjrhd fj;ska ,efnk ksfhda. wkqj fjk;a´kEu jeo.;a lreKla úu¾Ykh lsÍu'

� kS;sm;sjrhd" wêlrK wêldßka yd úfYaI ckdêm;s fldñIka iNd úiska;uka fj; fhduq flfrk lreKq mßCId lsÍu'

� rcfha fiajfha ks,Odßka w;r ¥IKh yd cd;sl wd¾Ólh fj; n,mEyels ¥IK lghq;= úu¾Ykh lsßu

23 fmd,sia wd{d mkf;a 56 jk j.ka;sh24 1998 jir i|yd fmd,siam;sf.a mßmd,k jd¾;dj ^2003 § m%ldYhg m;a lrk ,o& iy wmrdOúu¾Yk wxYfha fcHIaG ks,OdÍka yd mj;ajk ,o iïuqL idlÉPdjla

34

3'2'2 fmd,sia u;aøjHkdYl wxYh

úI u;aøjH Wjÿr iudchg nrm;, ;¾ckhla njg m;aj we;' th fi!LHuhiudchSh yd wd¾Ól .eg¿ we;s lrhs' uyd mßudK fydr cdjdrïlrejka ksidúI u;aøjH Wjÿr b;d iS>%fhka me;sfrñka mj;S' fuu fydr cdjdrïlrefjdacd;Hka;r jYfhka l%shdldÍ fj;s' fuu Wjÿr u¾okh lsÍfï jeo.;alujgydf.k 1973 wfm%a,a 01 jk od fmd,sia u;aøjHkdYl wxYh msysgqjk ,È'

1936 fha úI øjH" wìx iy Nhdkl T!IO wd{d mk;g yd 1984 wxl 13 orKtu wd{d mkf;a ixfYdaOkhkag iïnkaO ish¿u lghq;= fufyhùu ydiïnkaêlrKh lsÍu fmd,sia u;aøHkdYl wxYh úiska isÿ flf¾' fuu wd{dmk; hgf;a úI u;aøjH kS;s n,d;aul lrk ks,OdÍka fj; mq¿,a n,;,mejÍ ;sfnkq muKla fkdj tu kS;s W,a,x>kh lrk wh fj; b;d ±ä ovqjïkshu lr we;' fmd,siam;sjrhdf.a ksfhda.hla ,ofyd;a úI øjH" wìx ydNhdkl U!IO wd{d mk; hgf;a ´kEu m%foaYhl meje;afjk úu¾Yk lghq;=;uka fj; mjrd .ekSug n,h fuu ld¾hxYhg ysñ fõ'25

úI u;aøjH wdY%s; wmrdO je<elaùu" fidaÈis lsÍu iy Y%S ,xldj ;=< fukauúfoaYj,o tu wmrdO yd wmrdOlrejka ms<sn| ryiH f;dr;=re tla/ia lsÍufmd,sia úI u;aøjH ld¾hxYfha ld¾hNdrhg wh;a fõ'26 úI u;aøjH ms<sn|l%shd lrk uOHu tallh jYfhka úI u;aøjH kS;s n,d;aul lsÍu ms<sn|ish¿u ld¾hka iïnkaëlrKh lsÍu fuu ld¾hdxYfha j.lSu fõ' fï yereKqúg kS;sm;s fomd¾;fïka;=j iu.;a úI u;aøjH u¾okfha fh§ isák f¾.=j"iqrdnÿ fomd¾;fïka;=j hkd§ rcfha úúO wxYhka iu.;a tla ù úI u;aøjHfidaÈis lsÍfï lghq;= j, o fuu ld¾hxYh ksr; fõ' Bg wu;rj úI u;aøjHkS;s n,d;aul lrk cd;Hka;r ixúOdk iu. o iyfhda.fhka l%shd lrhs'fmd,sia u;aøjHkdYl wxYfha tallhla fld<U nKavdrkdhl cd;Hka;r .=jkaf;dgqfmdf<a o msysgqjd we;'

wod< o;a; yd ixLHd f,aLk tla /ia lsÍu" wod< jd¾;d ksis f,i mj;ajdf.khdu tajd ú.%yhg Ndckh lsÍu iy jeo.;a f;dr;=re cd;sl yd wka;¾cd;slksfhdacHdh;k iu. fnod .ekSu fmd,sia u;aaøjHkdYl wxYfha hq;=lï fõ'

mdie,a" úYaj úoHd," rcfha ixúOdk yd rcfha fkdjk ixúOdk jeks iudcfhaúúO wxYhkaj, isiqka yd fmdÿ ckhd fjkqfjka foaYk u;aøjH úfrdaê jHdmdr"Ñ;% m%o¾Yk jeks jevigyka u.ska úI u;aøjH Ndú;fha wdÈkj wjfndaO lr§ug fuu wxYh lghq;= lrhs'

25 www.police.lk26 www.police.lk

35

3'2'3 ldka;d yd <ud ld¾hdxYh

´kEu rgl wmrdOj,g f.dÿre ùug bvlv we;s jvd;au lKavdhï kï ldka;djkayd orejkah' iudch ;=< Tjqkg ysñjk wvq ;;ajh Tjqka Ndckh jk wmyiq;diy Tjqkg iudk whs;sjdislï fkd,eîu fuu ;;ajhg m%Odk fya;+ka f,i ms<s.efka'27

ldka;djkag yd orejkag uqyqK mEug isÿjk úfYaI m%Yak .ek fmd,sisfhaie<ls,a, fhduq ùug wdrïN jQfha b;d uE;l§h' 1970 fõ oYlhg fmrwmrdOhkag f.dÿre jQ ldka;djka fyda orejka fj; lsisÿ úfYaI ie<ls,a,lafkdolajk ,È' wmrdOj,ska ldka;djka yd orejka wdrCId lr .ekSfï wjYH;djms<sn|j bÈßm;a lrk ,o ;¾l yd cd;Hka;r n,mEïj, m%;sM,hla jYfhka1979 § fld<U k.rh ;=< ldka;djka yd <uqka fjkqfjka ld¾hd,hla msysgqjk,È' ldka;djkag yd <uqkag tfrysj isÿ flfrk wmrdO .ek fuu úfYaIld¾hdxYh fj; meñKs,s l< yels úh' fuu ld¾hdxYh ldka;d fmd,siaks,OdßKshka úiska fufyhjkq ,nk ksid meñKs,s lsÍug meñfKk ldka;djkagyd <uqkag wdrCIdj yd ksis u. fmkaùï ,nd .ekSu myiq fõ' ;jÿrg;a mshjr.ekSu wjYH fõ kï Tjqyq wod, fomd¾;fïka;= fj; fhduq flfr;s'

ldka;djkag yd <uqkag muKla fjka lrk ,o ldka;d yd <ud tallhla iEufmd,sia ia:dkhlu msysgqùfï b;d jeo.;a mshjrla 1994 § fmd,sia uQ,ia:dkhúiska .kakd ,È'28 m%:u ldka;d yd <ud tallh msysgqjk ,oafoa .,alsiai fmd,siaia:dkfhah' fuu úfYaI tallhkaf.a id¾:l;ajh iy;sl lsÍfï woyiska fjkufmd,sia wxYhla fld<U k.rh ;=< msysgqjd tu wxYh fcHIaG fmd,siawêldßjrhl=f.a hg;g m;a lrk ,È'29 fuu úfYaI wxYh <uqka ;reK;reKshka yd ldka;d wmfhdack je<elaùfï ld¾hdxYh hkqfjka ye¢kafõ' fuuld¾hxYfha m%Odk hq;=lï my; i|yka fõ'

� ldka;djkag ;reK ;reKshkag yd <uqkag tfrysj isÿ flfrk wmrdOúu¾Ykh lsÍu

� by; i|yka wmrdO iïnkaOfhka fmd,sia ia:dk u.ska .kq ,nk mshjrms<sn|j miq úmrï ld¾hh bgq lsÍu yd wëCIKh lsÍu

� fuu wmrdO .ek u. fmkaùï yd Wmfoia wjYH jk úg fmd,siaia:dkj,g tu Wmfoia ,nd §u

� fujeks wmrdO je<elaùu i|yd uyckhd w;r ±kqj;alu m%j¾OkhlsÍu'30

27 www.police.lk28 wxl 1117$94 orK fmd,siam;sf.a pl%f,aLh yd wxl 13$94 orK wmrdO wxY pl%f,aLh ^1'11'94&29 1998'08'04 yd wxl 1416$98 orK fmd,siam;sf.a pl%f,aLh30 www.police.lk

36

fuu úfYaI tall ish,a,u jdf.a l%shd;aul jkafka ldka;d fmd,sia ks,OdÍKshkahgf;ah' Tjqkaf.ka jeäfokd ldka;d lghq;= wud;HdxYh" hqksfi*a wdh;khfyda ldka;djka yd <uqka wdY%s; rdcH fkdjk ixúOdkhka úiska fufyhjkúfYaI mqyqKq mdGud,d ;=klaj;a yeoErE ldka;d Wm-fmd,sia mÍCIljßfhda fj;s'

Èjhsk mqrd ±kg <ud yd ldka;d ld¾hdxY tall 36 la msysgqjd ;sfnk w;rtajd wëCIKh lsÍu i|yd iydhl fmd,sia wêldßyq 36 fofkla isá;s'31

uyck wdl,amhka ióCIKhl§ fy<s jQ mßÈ <uqkaf.a yd ldka;djkaf.a m%YakhkaiïnkaOfhka wjYH mshjr .ekSu i|yd fmd,sia ia:dkj, fjku wxYhlamsysgqùu ’b;d jeo.;¶ nj ióCIKhg iyNd.s jQ whf.ka nyq;rhla ^72’1]&úYajdi lr;s' ^my; i|yka j.=j n,kak&

fmdÿfõ i<ld n,k úg iEu m<d;lu nyq;r ck;dj úfYaI <ud yd ldka;dwxYhla ;sîu jeo.;a fia i<l;s' tfia jqjo tu jeo.;alu W!j ^96'4]&inr.uqj ^83'4]& ol=Kq m<d; ^76'1]& jhU ^74'9]& yd niakdysr ^68'5]& b;dby<ska ie<flk w;r W;=re ueo m<df;a 56'9]& iy uOHu m<df;a 60'9]& tysidfmaCI jeo.;alu t;rï by<ska fkdie<lsKs'

fjku <ud yd ldka;d wxYhla ;sîu jeo.;a nj m%ldY lrkaakkaf.a ;¾lh kïtjeks úfYaI wxYhla ;sîfuka <uqkaf.a yd ldka;djkaf.a iqrCIs;Ndjh iy;sljk nj yd ldka;djka yg ks¾Nhj yd ksoyia f,i ;u meñKs,s bÈßm;a l<yels njhs' Bg wu;rj my; i|yka fya;+ka o i|yka flreKs' mqoa.,sliajNdjhla .kakd m%Yak idlÉPd lsßug ksoyi ;sîu ldka;djl úiska lrk ,omeñKs,a,la .ek f;dr;=re ,nd .ekSu myiq ùu" ldka;djkg Tjqkaf.a m%Yakj,g

31 www.police.lk

f md, si a i a: dk ; =< < u qk a y d l dk a; dj k a i | y d f j k u wxY h l a ; sî u f l ; r ï j eo. ; a o@

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b;d jeo.;a ;rula jeo.;a ms<s;=re

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fldfy;aujeo.;afkdfõ

fmd,sia ia:dk ;=< <uqka yd ldka;djka i|ydfjku wxYhla ;sîu fl;rï jeo.;ao@

37

blauka úi÷ula ,nd .ekSug yels ùu ldka;djkaf.a yd <uqkaf.a m%Yak fj;jeä wjOdkhla fhduq lsßug yels ùu" meñKs,a,la lsÍu i|yd jeä ksoyilayd wd;au úYajdihla ,nd §u'

±kg Èjhsk mqrdu tjeks úfYaI <ud yd ldka;d wxYhka we;af;a 36 la muKs'tfyhska iEu fmd,sia ia:dkhlgu úfYaI <ud yd ldka;d wxYhla ne.ska msysgqùuks¾foaY flf¾'

mqyqKq ldka;d fmd,sia ks,OdßKshka fiajhg n|jd .; hq;= nj;a iy TjqkgTjqkaf.a rdcldß ms<sn| jeäÿr mqyqKqjla Èh hq;= njo b;d wjOrkfhkaaks¾foaY lrkq ,efí' wmrdOj,g f.dÿre ù iydh m;d meñfKk ldka;djkagyd <uqkag iykh ,nd §ug yelsjk mßÈ fuu ldka;d ks,OdßKshka ygWmfoaYkh yd ufkda úoHdj ms<sn| mqyqKqjla §u b;d wjYHh'

;jo fuu <uqka yd ldka;djka ms<sn| úfYaI wxYj, rdcldß lghq;=j,m%.;sh we.hSu i|yd udisl mÍCIK meje;aaúh hq;= h'

3'2'4' udkj ysñlï wxYh

jeäfjñka mj;akd udkj ysñlï W,a,x>kh lsÍï fj; wm%udo wjOdkh fhduqlsÍu i|yd Y%S ,xld rch úiska udkj ysñlï ms<sn| fmd,sia wxYh msysgqjk,oafoa ’udkj ysñlï ms<sn|j wud;Hjrekaf.a l%shdldß lKavdhu¶ úiska lrk,o ks¾foaYhla wkqjhs'

udkj ysñlï ms<sn| fmd,sia wxYfha rdcldß lghq;= w;rg my; i|yka tajdwe;=<;a fõ'

� fmd,siam;sjrhd ud¾.fhka ’udkj ysñlï ms<sn| weu;sjrekaf.a l%shdldßlKavdhu¶ úiska fuu wxYh fj; fhduq flfrk udkj ysñlï wdY%s;lreKq fj; wm%udo ie<ls,a, fhduq lsÍu

� furg fmd,sia ks,OdÍka w;r udkj ysñlï ms<sn| ±kqj;alu m%j¾OkhlsÍu

� cd;sl yd cd;Hka;r udkj whs;sjdislï ixúOdkhka w;r iïnkaëlrKlghq;= bgq lsÍu

� furg udkj ysñlï W,a,x>kh lsÍï ms<sn| jd¾;d mj;ajd .ekSu� udkj ysñlï wdY%s; wOHdmksl jd¾;d mj;ajd .ekSu32

fmd,sisfha udkj ysñlï wxYh fmd,siam;sjrhdf.a fmdÿ wëlaIKhla hgf;al%shd lrhs'

32 www.police.lk

38

fmd,sish fj; mejÍ we;s n,;, .ek i,ld n,k úg fmd,sisfha rdcldßlghq;= lsÍu iïnkaOfhka udkj ysñlï iq/lSu .ek úfYaI wjOdkh fhduqúhhq;=h' tfyhska udkj ysñlï ms<sn| ±kqj;anj fmd,sia ks,Odßka w;r j¾OkhlsÍu fuu wxYfha úfYaI ld¾h fõ'

fmd,sia ks<OdÍka w;r udkj ysñlï ms<sn| ±kqu ;j ;j;a jeä ÈhqKq lsÍu;a"fuu wxYh Èjhsk mqrd jHdma; lsrSu;a" jvd Yla;su;a lsÍu;a" udkj ysñlïW,a,x>kh lrk fmd,sia ks,OdÍka ms<sn|j wm%udoj úkh mshjr .ekSu;a"b;d wjYH nj ks¾foaY lrkq ,efí'

udkj ysñlï yd ta wdY%s; lreKq .ek fmdÿ ckhdf.a ±kqj;alu j¾Okh l<hq;= nj o ;jÿrg;a ks¾foaY lrkq ,efí'

3'2'5 wmrdO je<elaùu iy uyck in|;d ms<sn| fmd,sia ld¾hdxYh

fmd,sia fomd¾;fïka;=fõ fiajdjka .ek jvd hym;a wdl,amhla yd ñ;%YS,SwjfndaOhla we;s lsÍfï wruqKska fmd,sish yd fmdÿ ck;dj w;r in|;djhjeä ÈhqKq lsÍu i|yd uyck in|;d wxYh msysgqjk ,È' fï úIhg wod<jfmd,sia ks,Odßka i|yd jevigyka fukau fmdÿckhd yd mdie,a isiqka i|ydfoaYk o fuu wxYh u.ska ixúOdkh flf¾'

fmd,sia uyck iïnkaO;d ld¾hdxYhg wu;rj fmdÿ ckhd iu. iïnkaëlrKlghq;= bgq lsÍu i|yd Èjhsk mqrd fmd,sia ia:dkj, fiajh i|yd fmd,siauyck in|;d ks,Odßka jYfhka WmdêOdÍyq 400 la fofkl= m;a lrkq ,enisá;s'

iïm;a ysÕlu" úfYaIs; mqyqKqjla u|lu" wvq uÜgfï jegqma yd iuyr m%foaYj,fmd,sia ia:dkj, ks,Odßkaf.ka iydh fkd,eîu hkd§ ÿIalr;djka lsysmhlgu;uka uqyqK md isák nj uykqjr m%foaYfha fmd,sia uyck iïnka|;d ks,OdÍkaiu. mj;ajk ,o iïuqL idlÉPdj,§ fy<s úh'

m%cdj fj; fuu ks,Odßkaf.ka isÿjk fiajh Wmßu lr .ekSfï mrud¾:hwe;sj Tjqkayg úfYaI mqyqKqjla yd jegqma jeä lsÍula ,ndÈh hq;= njgks¾foaY lrkq ,efí' ;jo fuu ks,Odßkaf.a ld¾hNdrh jeo.;a f,i ms<sf.kfudjqka iu. iyfhda.fhka l%shdlrk f,ig fmd,sia fiajfha ks,Odßka fj;Wmfoia Èh hq;=fõ'

39

3'2'6 úfYaI ld¾h n,ldh

fmd,sia úfYaI ld¾h n,ldh Y%S ,xld fmd,sia fiajfha w¾O yuqod tallh f,iie,lsh yelsh' fuu n,ldh fhdojkq ,nkafka úfYaIfhkau ;%ia;jd§ u¾oklghq;= yd ler,s u¾ok ld¾hka i|yd iy m%N+ mqoa.,kayg wdrCIdj ie<iSui|ydh'33 fmd,sia úfYaI ld¾h n,ldh 1983 § msysgqjk ,È' fuu n,ldh i|ydtjlg fmd,sia fiajfha kshqla; jQjka f;dardf.k Tjqkg wú Ndú;h ms<sn|j yd’jk.; fufyhqï¶ ms<sn|j úfYaI mqyqKqjla yuqodj úiska ,nd fok ,È'

miqj" fmd,sia úfYaI ld¾h n,ldfha idudðl ixLHdj jeälrk ,ÿj" fld<UÈia;%slalfha w;sYh jeo.;a ia:dk wdrCId lsÍu yd ckdêm;s" w.ue;s ydleìkÜ weu;sjreka yg mqoa.,sl wdrCIdj iemhSu o fuu n,ldfha ld¾hkanjg m;a úh'

3'2'7 .%dudrCIl fiajh

1980 oYlfha uq,a Nd.fha n,mej;ajQ ler,sldr ;;ajh fya;= fldgf.k .ïnom%foaYj, wdrCIdj i|yd l=vd Ng lKavdhï msysgqjd tajdfha idudðlhka fj;wú iemhSfï l%shd ud¾.hla rch úiska l%shd;aul lrk ,È'34 fuu .%dudrCIlfiajh ±kg wdrCIl wud;HdxYh hgf;a l%shd;aul fõ' 1987 j¾Ifha wfm%a,audih jk úg Èjhsk mqrd .%dudrCIl Nghka 12"000 la isá nj jd¾;d fõ'

3'3 fmd,sia fiajhg n|jd .ekSfï mámdáh

fmd,sia fiajfha my; i|yka ;k;=re i|yd iDcq m;a lsÍï isÿ lrkq ,efí (35

� wOqksl iyldr fmd,sia wêldß� wOqksl Wm fmd,sia mÍCIl� fmd,sia fldia;dm,a� ldka;d fmd,sia fldia;dm,a� fmd,sia fldia;dm,a ßhÿre

fmd,sia fjí wvúfha ±lafjk mßÈ fmd,sia fldia;dm,ajrhl= jYfhka fmd,siafiajhg n|jd .ekSu i|yd wju iqÿiqlu jkafka m%:u j;dfõ úIhka 05 lskaidud¾:hka iu. .Ks;h yd udOH NdIdj we;=¿ úIhka 06 lska ^02 g fkdjeäjdr .Kkl§& wOHhk fmdÿ iy;sl m;% ^idudkH fm<& úNd.h iu;a ùuhs'

33 www.police.lk34 allrefer.com/country.guide-guidesri-lanka/sri-lanka177.html35 www.police.lk

40

fmd,sia Wm-mÍCIljrhl= jYfhka fmd,sia fiajhg we;=¿ ùug wjYH wjuiqÿiqlï jkafka .Ks;h" udOH NdIdj yd ;j;a úIhhka folla i|yd iïudkidud¾:hka iys;j udOH NdIdj yd .Ks;h we;=¿j úIhka yhlska wOHhkfmdÿ iy;sl m;% idudkH fm<& úNd.h tla jrl§ iu;a ùu iy wOHhk fmdÿiy;sl m;% ^Wiia fm<& úNd.h tla jrl§ úIhka 3 lska iu;a ùu'

iyldr fmd,sia wêldß ;k;=rej,ska 25]la újD; ;r. úNd.hl m%;sM, u;mqrjkq ,efí' fuu úNd.h i|yd bÈßm;a úh yelafla ms<s.;a úYaj úoHd,hlWmdêOdÍkag muKs' úNd. flduidßia ckrd,ajrhd úiska meje;afjk ,sÅ;mÍCIKhlg yd rdcH fiajd fldñIka iNdj úiska m;a flfrk iïuqL mÍCIluvq,a,la bÈßfha meje;afjk iïuqL mÍCIKhlgo iyNd.s ùug wfmaCIlhkagkshu fõ' m%Odk fmd,sia mÍCIljreka yd jir 10 l fiajd ld,hla we;s fmd,siamÍCIljreka i|yd meje;afjk iSñ; ;r. úNd.hl m%;sM, wkqj mqrmamdvqj,ska;j;a 25] la mqrjkq ,efí' fuu úNd.h o ,sÅ; mÍCIKhlska yd iïuqLmÍCIKhlska iukaú; fõ' mqrmamdvqj,ska 50] la mqrjkq ,nkafka ;u ;k;=rej,iaÓr lrk ,o m%Odk fmd,sia mÍCIljreka w;sßks' fudjqka o iïuqL mÍCIKhlgfmkS isáh hq;= fõ'36

fmd,sia fiajdfõ .=Kd;aulNdjh jeä ÈhqKq lsÍugkï fmd,sishg n|jd .efkkks,Odßkaf.a .=Kd;aulNdjh ^miqìu wdÈh& o Wiia úh hq;= nj meyeÈ,s fõ'tf,fiu n|jd .ekSfï mámdáka o mdroDYH úh hq;=h'37

3'4 mqyqKqj

3'4'1 mqyqKq lsÍfï l%shdoduh

m%Odk fmd,sia wNHdi úÿy, l¿;r" lgql=rekafoa msysgd we;' Bg taldnoaO jQYdLd ;=kla we,amsáfha" ksljeráfha yd jeyer msysgd ;sfí' fuu YdLdj, om%Odk wNHdi úÿyf,a isÿ flfrk ld¾hhkau isÿ flf¾'

w¨;ska fiajhg n|jd .efkk wdOQksl iyldr fmd,sia wêldrjreka" wdOqkslWm-fmd,sia mÍCIljreka$jßhka" fmd,sia fldia;dm,ajreka$jßhka" fmd,siafldia;dm,a ßhÿrka yd wdrCIl iydhlhka i|yd wjYH mqyqKqj fuu úÿy,aj,oSiemfhk w;r" l%shdldÍ fiajh i|yd Tjqyq iQodkï lrkq ,efí' iyldrwêldÍka" Wm-mÍCIlhka" fldia;dm,ajreka" fldia;dm,a ßhÿrka yd wdrCIliydhlhka i|yd wdrïNl mdGud,d fuys§ meje;afõ'

36 wdrCIl wxYh" n|jd.ekSfï yd Wiia lsÍfï jevms<sfj, - fmd,sia fomd¾;fïka;=fõ .eiÜ lrk,o fcHIaG ks,OdÍka 1998'08'2037 iïuqL idlÉPdj - weÑ,sia fcdaYma uhd" úY%dñl fcHIaG ksfhdacH fmd,siam;s" ud¾f.damfoaYl ldrliNd idudðl

41

fï yereKq úg" m%N+ wdrCIdj yd l%shdkaú; rdcldß ms<sn| mqyqKq mdGud,djkjuq mdGud,d" m%j¾Ok mdGud,d iy wmrdO úu¾Ykh" iqúfYaI úu¾Yk iyr:jdyk md,kh ms<sn| úfYaI mqyqKq mdGud,d o fuys meje;afõ' fmd,siaffjoH fiajhg wh;a ffjoHjreka fjkqfjka o mqyqKq mdGud,d mj;ajkq ,efí';jo fuu úÿy,a N+ñfha msysá fiajdia: l%shdkaú; mqyqKq wxYh hkqfjka ye¢kafjkúfYaI tallh u.ska úúO ;k;=re orK fmd,sia ks<OdÍka i|yd wú wdhqONdú;d lsÍfï mqyqKqj ,nd foa'

uQ<sl fmd,sia mqyqKqjg wu;rj úúO fCI;%j, mqyqKqjla o fmd,sia ks,Odßyq,nd .ks;s' fuu úfYaI mqyqKq fCI;%hka iuyrla kï ( wmrdO úu¾Ykh"r:jdyk md,kh" weÕ,s i<l=Kq" wYajdfrdayl wxYh" úI u;aøjH" m%N+ wdrCIdj"ikaksfõokh" m%jdykh ^hdka;%sl&" f;dr;=re ;dCIKh" nyq udOH" fmd,sia jdollKavdhu ^ix.S;&" úfYaI ld¾h n,ldh" w¾O yuqod tall" ffjoH fiajd" kdjqlfiajd" cSú; wdrlaIl fiajd" fmd,sia iqkL wxYh" kS;s wxYh hkdoS fõ''38

;u ;ukaf.a wOHdmk uÜgu jeä ÈhqKq lr .ekSu i|yd;a mqyqKqj i|ydúfoaY YsIH;aj ,nd .ekSu i|yd;a úúO fCI;%hkays iajfoaYSh mqyqKq mdGud,dj,gne£ug;a wjia:d ;sfí'

fmd,sisfha Wiia wNHdi wdh;kh Wm-fmd,sia mÍCIl fY%aKsfha isg Bg by<fYa%Ksj, fmd,sia ks,Odßka i|yd mqyqKq mdGud,d mj;ajhs' tu mdGud,d my;i|yka úIh fCI;%hkag wod< fõ' mßmd,kh" l<ukdlrKh yd wëCIKh"udkj ysñlï" ldka;d yd <ud whs;sjdislï" kS;sh ms<sn| uQ,O¾u" nqoaêuhfoam," f;dr;=re ;dCIKh" uQ,H l<ukdlrKh wdÈh'39

fuu ks,Odßka i|yd kejqïlrK mdGud,d o meje;afõ' fuu mqyqKq mdGud,dmj;ajkq ,nkafka Y%S ,xlsl fukau úfoaYSh wdh;kj, o fufyhùfuks' ksoiqkla±lajqjfyd;a kS;s wdOdr moku úiska ¥IK u¾okh yd wdY%s; ud;Dld ms<sn|tlaÈk mdGud,djla ia:dk Ndr ks,OdÍka i|yd mj;ajk ,È'

Wiia wNHdi wdh;kfha mdGud,d jeä jYfhkau mj;ajkafka isxy, udOHfhks'bx.%Sis udOHj, mdGud,d o iuyrúg meje;a fõ'40

fou< udOH mdGud,d fkdmeje;aùu úYd, wvqmdvqjla f,i fmkajd Èh hq;=h' 2006j¾Ih ;=<§ kshdul jHdmD;shla f,i läkï fou< NdId mdGud,djla hdmkfhAwdrïN lsÍug wdishd moku úiska ±kg lghq;= iQodkï lrñka ;sfí'

38 www.police.lk39 fmd,siam;sf.a mßmd,k jd¾;dj" 1998" fld<U" rcfha m%ldYk wxYh" 200340 fmd,siSfha Wiia wNHdi wdh;kh" wOHCIl fcHIaG fmd,sia wêldÍ §md,a o,amodÿ uhd iu. fmd,siauQ,ia:dkfha§ 2006'02'13 Èk mj;ajk ,o iïuqL idlÉPdjlska

42

fou< udOH mdGud,d o meje;aùug lghq;= fhdok f,i ñka ks¾foaY lrkq,efí' uyck iïnkaO;d .ek;a" udkj ysñlï .ek;a mdGud,d y÷kajd Èhhq;=h' ;jo ld¾hCIu;d jeä ÈhqKq lsßfï jevigyka yd jd¾Isl kejqïlrKmdGud,d o y÷kajd Èh hq;= fõ'

3'5 Wiia lsÍï

3'5'1 Wiia lsÍï mámdáh

hï ;k;=rl jir 5 l fiajd ld,hla iïmQ¾K lrk kEu fmd,sia ks,OdßfhlaWiia ùula ,eîug iqÿiqlï ,nhs'41 Wiia lsßï l%uj;a lsÍu i|yd Wiia lsßïms<sn| mámdá kshu lr we;' ksoiqkla olajf;d;a" 2 jk fY%aKsfha fmd,siawêldß OQrhg Wiia lrkq ,eîug kï iyldr fmd,sia wêldß OQrfha jir 8l fiajr lr ;sîu;a tu OQrfha iaÓr lrkq ,en isàu;a yd fkdle,e,ajd¾;djla ;sîu;a w;HjYH fõ' wfmaCIlhka f;dard .kq ,nkafka rdcH fiajdfldñIka iNdj úiska m;a lrk ,o iïuqL mÍCIl uKav,hla úiska iïuqLmÍCIKhla ;=<sks'42 2 jk fY%aKsfha fmd,sia wêldÍjrhl= f,i jir 5 lafiajh iïmQ¾K l< úg" fcHIaG;d moku u;" 1 fY%aKsfha fmd,sia wêldßOQrhg Wiia lrkq ,eîug iqÿiqlï ysñ fõ' fï yd iudk mámdáka fmd,siafiajfha wka iEu ;k;=rlgu Wiia lsÍu i|yd kshu lrkq ,en we;'

fmd,sia fiajhg ne÷Kq od isg ljod fyda Tn

Tõ ke;

41 fmd,siSfha Wiia wNHdi wdh;kh wOHCIl fcHIaG fmd,sia wêldÍ §md,a o,amodÿ uhd iu. fmd,siauQ,ia:dkfha§ 2006'02'13 Èk mj;ajk ,o iïuqL idlÉPdjlska42 wdrCIl wxYh n|jd.ekSfï yd Wiia lsÍfï jevms<sfj, - fmd,sia fomd¾;fïka;=fõ .eiÜ lrk,o fcHIaG ks,OdÍka

43

fmd,sia fiajhg ne£fuka miq ;ukag Wiia ùula ,enqKq nj m%ldY lf<aióCIKhg Ndckh lrk ,o fmd,sia ks,OdÍkaf.ka 39'4] la muKs' nyq;rhla^60'6]& lshd isáfha fiajhg ne£fuka miq Tjqka lsisÿ Wiia ùula fkd,enQ njhs'43

by; i|yka lrk ,o Wiia lsÍï mámdàka kshu lr ;sfnk kuq;a" ióCIKfhkafy<s jkafka Bg jvd fjkia ;;ajhla we;a; jYfhkau mj;sk njhs' fuhwjOdkh fhduq úh hq;= úYd, m%Yakhls' tjeks fjkia ;;ajhla ;sîu ksidfmd,sia ks<OdÍkaf.a /lshd ;Dma;sh ySk jkq muKla fkdj" ¥IKh i|ydud¾.ho bka újr fõ'

;jo Wiia ùï ,enqKq nj mjik fmd,sia ks,Odßka jeäfokd §¾> ld,hlafiajfha isá wh nj iemhqï iólaIKhg wkqj fmkS hhs' jir 21 yd 25 w;rld,hla fiajfha kshqla;j isá whf.ka 86'4] la yd jir 26 lg wêl fiajhlawe;s whf.ka 84'6] la o" fiajhg ne£fuka miq Wiiaùï ,enQ nj mji;s' jir5 la fyda Bg wvq ld,hla fiajfha kshqla; whf.ka 6'4] la" jir 6 yd 10 w;rld,hl fiajh iys; whf.ka 7'7] la o" fiajhg ne£fuka miq Tjqkg Wiiaùï,enqKq nj mji;s' jir 5 la fyda Bg wvq ld,hla fiajh l< whf.ka 93'6]la yd jir 6 yd 10 w;r ld,hl fiajhla iys; whf.ka 92'3] la lshdisákafka fiajhg ne£fuka miq Tjqka lsisu Wiiaùula fkd,;a njhs'44

fmd,sia fomd¾;fïka;=j ;=< l%shd;aul flfrk WiialsÍï mámdáh .ek 60'2];rï úYd, ixLHdjla l<lsÍ isák nj wkdjrKh úh' tu mámdáh .ekiEySulg m;aj isákafka 30'7] la muKls'45

43-45 fiajfha isák ks,OdÍka 770 la wyUq f,i f;dard iïuqL idlÉPd meje;aùfuka 2005 fmnrjdß 05isg 08 Èk olajd;a" fmnrjdß 10 isg ud¾;= 03 olajd ’fidaI,a bkaäflag¾¶ wdh;kh úiska ’g%dkaiafmarkaisbkagkeIk,a wdh;kh¶ fjkqfjka mj;ajk ,o iemehqïldr ióCIKh

j¾;udk Wiia lsßï mámdáh .ek Tn fl;rï

ÿrg iEySulg m;ajkafkao@

iEySulgm;aj we;

l<lsÍwe;

iEySulg m;aù fyda l<lsÍ

fkdue;

44

3'5'2 foaYmd,kuh wruqKq iys; Wiiaùï §u yd ¥IKh wdÈh je<elaùu

i|yd .kq ,nk mshjr

foaYmd,kuh fya;+ka u; Wiia ùï §u yd wka;fkdau;sl wdldrfha Wiiaùïj,gtfrysj flfrk igfka jvd;au m%.;sYS,s mshjr f,i cd;sl fmd,sia fldñiumsysgqùu ie<lsh yelsh' cd;sl fmd,sia fldñifï n,;, w;r fmd,sia ks,OdÍka^fmd,siam;s yer& Wiia lsrSfï n,ho fõ'

tfia jqjo" fmd,siam;sjrhdf.a fomd¾;fïka;=j md,kh lsÍu Tyqgu NdrÈhhq;=h hk úYajdih u; msysgd" fmd,siam;s hg;a ks,OdÍka ms<sn| úkhdkql+,md,kh Tyqgu Ndr§ug cd'fmd'fld' úiska .kakd ,o ;SrKh ksid fldñiums<sn| wdrïNfha§u we;s jQfha n,dfmdfrd;a;= ì| jegqKs' fuf,i Wiia lsÍïyd ia:dkudre ms<sn|j l%shd lsÍug iajdëk fmd,sia fldñiula m;a lsÍu i|yd17 jk ixfYdaOkh u.ska we;s lrk ,o fjkialï j,ska lsisÿ m%;sM,hlafkd,eìKs' 2003 jif¾ cQ,s udih olajd cd'fmd'fld' úiska bgq lrk ,oafoameñKs,s Ndrf.k" tajd úu¾Ykh i|yd fmd,sish fj; fhduq lsÍu muKls'46

tfy;a 2004 j¾Ifha ueo §" fmd,siam;sjrhd yereKq úg" wfkla ish¿ufmd,sia ks,OdÍka iïnkaOfhka 17 jk ixfYdaOkh u.ska úOdkh lrk ,on,;, mejÍu fldñiu' úiska wfydais lrk ,È'47 fuys m%;sM,hla jYfhkafmd,siam;sjrhdf.a n,;, iSud jQ w;r" tu fya;=fjka fmd,siam;sjrhd ydfldñiu w;r hï wukdmhla f.dv ke.=Ks'

fldñifï wdhq ld,h 2005 jif¾ fkdjeïn¾ udifha§ wjika úh' kj cd'fmd'fld'm;al, wdldrh jeros iy.; iy w;a;fkdau;sl nj fndfyda fokdf.a u;hhs'

Wiia lsÍï mámdá mdroDYH úh hq;= njg;a" Wiia ùï §fï§ cd'fmd'fld'l%shdldÍ ld¾h Ndrhla bgq l< hq;= njg;a" ñka ks¾foaY lrkq ,efí' fïyereKq úg" iEu fmd,sia ks, uÜglu ksfhdað;hl= ne.ska iukaú; yrialD;Hd;aul uKav,hla yd fmd,siam;sjrhd úiska kï lrk ,o WmfoaYlhkatla/ia ù Wiia lsÍï ms<sn| m%;sm;a;s flgqïm;a iïmdokh l< hq;=h'48

ks,OdÍkaf.a ld¾hCIu;dj we.hSfï§" ufkda uQ,sl úksYaphka u; fkdj" úIhuQ,sl Wmudkhka u; mokï lrk rdcldß bgq lsÍï-l<ukdlrKh l%ufõohlawkq.ukh l< hq;=fõ' ’i;=gqodhlhs¶ ’fyd|hs¶ yd ’úYsIaGhs¶ hk jpkiïmQ¾Kfhkau mqoa.,sl úksYaphka u; mokï ù ;sfnkq ñi" lsisÿ úIh uQ,slidCIs u; r|d fkdmj;S'49 fujeks mqoa.,sl úksYaphka u; fok ,o Wiia lsÍïfY%IaGdêlrKh úiska m%Yak lsÍïj,g Ndckh lr we;' fï l%uh hgf;a"fmd,sia ks<OdÍka Wiia lsÍu" ia:dk udre yd my;a ;k;=rej,g ±óu

46 l%sId,s mskafgda chj¾Ok ( Y%S ,xld cd;sl fmd,sia fldñiu( iaj¾Kuh wjia:djla wysñ lr .kS' fmdÿrdcH uKav, udkj ysñlï uQ,sl;ajh" m%jD;a;s ,smsh" fjMu 12-l,dm 4" kj È,a,sh" isisr iD;=j 200547 kS;sh yd iudc moku" wdishd udkj ysñlï fldñiu yd jOysxidj,g tfrys c.;a ixúOdkhtaldnoaOj ixúOdkh l< idlÉcdjl§ cd'fmd'fld' iNdm;s ckdêm;s kS;s{ rxð;a wfíiQßh uhd úiskafï nj wf.daia;= 20 jk od m%ldYhg m;a lrk ,È48-49 ud¾f.damfoaYl ldrl iNsl úY%du,;a fcH'ks' fmd,siam;s weÑ,sia fcdaYma uhd iu. mj;ajk ,oiïuqL idlÉcdjla

45

fY%IaGdêlrKh úiska isÿ lrk ;;ajhla Wod ù we;' óg fya;=j kï" ±kgfmd,sia fiajh ;=< l%shd;aul jk rdcldÍ bgq lsÍï l<uKdlrK l%ufhamj;akd ÿ¾j,lï ksjerÈ lsÍug cd'fmd'fld' wid¾:l ùuhs' fuys m%;sM,hlajYfhka úkh msßySula olakg we;' ulaksidoh;a" by< moú orK fcHIaGfmd,sia ks,OdÍka flfrys my< uÜgfï wh ;=< lsisÿ úYajdihla fkd;sîuhs'Wiia ùï ,eîug wjYH iqÿiqlï we;s fmd,sia fldia;dm,ajreka" Wm fmd,siamÍCIljreka" fmd,sia mÍCIljreka hkd§ iEu ;rd;srul fmd,sia ks,OdÍkaudisl we.hSulg ,la lrk wLKav rdcldÍ bgq lsÍï l<uKdlrK l%uhla;sfíkï" th b;d M,odhs jkq we;' fmd,sia fiajhg tjeks l%uhla w¨;a fohlafkdfõ' ulaksidoh;a" tu l%uh oYl lSmhla ;=< § tys l%shd;aul úh' tu l%uhm%;sfCIam fldg" ta fjkqjg Wiia lsÍï i|yd úNd. y÷kajd fok ,oafoauE;l§h'

3'6 ia:dk udre

3'6'1 ia:dk udre mámdáh

cd;sl fmd,sia fldñiu úiska fmd,sia uQ,ia:dkh fj; ksl=;a flfrk u.fmkaùïj,g wkql+,j fmd,sia fomd¾;fïka;=j ;=< ia:dk udre lsÍï isÿ úhhq;=h' fmd,sia mÍCIl OQr yd Bg my< OQrhkag wh;a fmd,sia ks,Odßkaf.aia:dk udre lsßï ms<sn| u. fmkaùï fuys§ idlÉPd flf¾'

tu OQr Wiq,k fmd,sia ks,OdÍkaf.a ia:dk udre lsÍï my; i|yka fya;+kai|yd l< yelsh'

� fmdÿ ksfhda. hgf;a

� fiajfha wjYH;djka wkqj

� úkhdkql+, fya;=ka u;

� fi!LHuh fya;+ka u;

� Wiia lsÍï ksid

� l%shdkaú; m%foaY ;=< rdcldß i|yd

� jrm%ido u;

� idkqlïms; fya;+ka u;

¥IKh je<elaùu i|yd wjYH mshjr fuu u.fmkaùï ;=< olakg we;' fuuu. fmkaùï wkqj" hï ks,Odßhl= Tyqf.a$wef.a ;k;=frys iaÓr flfrk ;=reyd Tyq$weh l%shdkaú; m%foaY ;=< wvqu jYfhka ;u m%:u fiajd ld,iSudjwjika lrk ;=re lsisÿ úfYaI wxYhlg m;a fkdl< hq;= fõ' ;jo l%shdkaú;

46

m%foaY ;=< rdcldÍ fufyhúh hq;= wdldrh o tu u. fmkaùïj, úia;r lrwe;'50

fmd,sia ks,Odßhl= tlu m%foaY ;=< jir ;=klg jvd r|jd ;eîu je<elaùug^jH;sf¾lhkag hg;aj& úê úOdk fhdod we;af;a tfia tlu m%foaYfha isàu¥IKj,g u. mEÈh yels ksidh' b;d iqúfYaIs wjia:dj,§ muKla tla m%foaYhlisáh yels Wmßu ld, iSudj jir 4 olajd jeä l< yelsh' ^fuu fr.=,dishúfYaI tallj, fiajh lrk wh fj; n, fkdmdhs& ia:dk udre lsÍfï§o Tjqkahdno m%foaYhlg heùu o ;ykïh' fuu fr.=,dishg tlu jH;sf¾lh kïffjoH fya;+ka u; fokq ,nk iykhkah' ta i|yd fmd,sia Y,H ffjoHjrhdf.ajd¾;d we;=¿ ffjoH idCIs wjYHh' fuys§o iyk ld,h tla jirlg iSud fõ&tfia jqj;a" újdyl wUq ieñ hqj,la iïnkaOfhka kï" fofokdu tlu fmd,sian, m%foaYhg ia:dk udreùï iïnkaOfhka o by; i|yka kS;s n, meje;afõ'ta wkqj Wiia ùï ,nk ks,OdÍka Tjqka fiajh l< m%foaYj,ska msg;g yd Bghdno m%foaYfhka msg;g o heúh hq;= fõ'

50m%:u fiajd ld,h W;=re m%foaAYfha hdmkhg$jkaks n, m%foaYfha jjqkshdjg úh hq;=h' fojk fiajdld,h kef.kysr n, m%foaYfha ;%sl=Kdu,hg" lka;f,ag yd wïmdrg úh hq;=h' f;jk fiajd ld,h W!jn, m%foaYfha fudKrd.,g" W;=re ueo n, m%foaYfha fmdf,dkakrej yd wkqrdOmqrhg iy jhU n,m%foaYfha y,dj;g úh hq;=h' i;r jk fiajd ld,h by; i|yka l%shdkaú; m%foaY w;ßka" mqrmamdvq;sfnk" ´kEu ia:dkhla f;dard .ekSug wod< ks,Odßhdg ksoyi we;'

W;=re n, m%foaYfha" jkaksfha yd uvl,mqj n, m%foaYfha fldfy;au fiajh lr fkdue;s ks,Odßkal%shdkaú; m%foaYj,g m;a lrkq ,enq úg" tu n, m%foaY ;=< fiajh l< hq;= fõ'

hï ks,Odßhl= úkhdkql+, fya;+ka u; l%shdkaú; m%foaYj,g ia:dk udre lrk ,o úg yd fiajfha yosiswjYH;d moku u; hï ks,Odßhl= l%shdkaú; m%foaYhlg udre l< hq;= njg fmd,siam;sjrhd b,a,disák úg by; i|yka mámdáh fkdi<ld yeßh hq;=fõ' kshu lrk ,o tla wjqreÿ ld, iSudj ;=<§ta ta m%foaY ;=< wjuh jYfhka Èjd$rd;%S 300 la .; l< hq;=fõ'

úkhdkql+, fya;+ka ksid fyda fiajfha yosis wjYH;djka ksid fyda ñi" jhi 55 blau jQ ks,Odßyql%shdkaú; m%foaYj, rdcldßj,ska ksoyia lrkq ,nhs' tfy;a l%shdkaú; m%foaYj, Bg fmr fldfy;aufiajh lr fkdue;s ks,OdÍka yg tu ksoyi fkd,efí'

úfYaIs; tallj, fiajh lrk ks,Odßka o l%shdkaú; m%foaYj, wod< ld,h i|yd fiajh lsÍu wfmaCIdflf¾' Wiiaùï ,nd .ekSu i|yd i,ld ne,Sfï§ tu m%foaY ;=< fiajh lr ;sîu wu;r iqÿiqlula f,iie<fla'

m%udKj;a fou< NdId ±kqula we;s fmd,sia ks,OdÍkaf.a W.% ys.hla W;=re yd kef.kysr m<d;aj,mj;ska neúka" ±kgu;a l%shdkaú; m%foaYj, fiajfha kshq;= tjeks ks,OdÍka iïnkaOfhka 3 jk yd 4jk fr.=,dis l%shd;aul fkdflfrkq we;' iEu ;=ka jirla wjidkfha§" tu m<d;a fol ;=< fjk;a fmd,sian, m%foaYj,g Tjqka udre lr heúh yel' iqúfYaI wjia:dj,§ tjeks udre lsÍï jir 4 lg jrla l<yelsh'

l%shdkaú; m%foaYj, kshu flfrk ld, iSudjla fiajh lsÍfï fldkafoaish u; fiajfha m%;sIaGdmkhflfrk yd kej; m;aùï ,nk wh tu ld, iSudj ;=< l%shdkaú; m%foaYj, fiajh l< hq;=h' fuu kS;shlsisfia;a fjkia fkdflf¾'

47

tf,iu tlu fmd,sia n, m%foaYhla ;=< jir 5 lg jeä ld,hla fiajh l<ks,OdÍka o yels muK blaukska udre l< hq;= fõ' tu n,m%foaYh ;=<gu fydafjk;a hdno m%foaYhlg Tjqka m;a lsÍu ;ykï fõ'

;jo ks,Odßhl=f.a mÈxÑh msysá n, m%foaYhg ia:dk udre ,eîu je<elaùugoúê úOdk we;' fmd,siam;sjrhd úiska meyeÈ,s f,i úia;r flfrk iqúfYaIfya;=ka u; ñi" lsisÿ fmd,sia ks,Odßhl= Tyqf.a$wef.a fiajfha m%:u oi jirwe;=<;§ Tyqf.a$wef.a mÈxÑh msysá n, m%foaY ;=<g m;a fkdl< hq;= fõ'mÈxÑh msysá n, m%foaYh ;=<g ia:dk udrejla Èh yelafla kshu lrk ,ojir ;=kl ld,h i|yd muKla yd oi jirlg tla jrla muKla ne.sks' ^fïi|yd iajdñmqreIhd yd ìß| ;ks tallhla f,i ie<fla& mÈxÑh msyssá n,m%foaYhg ia:dk udrejla ,eîug m%:ufhka wod< ks,Odßhd l%shdkaú; m%foaYj,;u rdcldß ld,h wjika l< hq;= fõ' fuu úê úOdk we;a; jYfhkautf,iu l%shd;aul flf¾ kï" mÈxÑ m%foaYhg ia:dk udre ,eîu ;=<ska isÿ ùugbv we;s ¥IK l%shdjka je<elafjk nj i|yka l< hq;=fõ'

ks,Odßhl= fiajh lr wjika jQ n, m%foaYhla ;=<g" fiajd wjYH;djka i|ydñi" ;j;a wjqreÿ 10 la blau hk;=re" kej; m;a l< fkdyel' fiajd wjYH;djkai|yd tfia ia:dk udre lsÍug fmr" tu ia:dk udrejg wod< fya;+ka ms<sn|jd¾;djla fmd,siam;s jrhdf.ka ,ndf.k" i<ld ne,Su i|yd ia:dkudre whÿuiu. bÈßm;a l< hq;= fõ' ;uka Bg fmr fiajh lr we;s n, m%foaYhlgia:dk udrejla m;k ish¿u ks,OdÍka l%shdkaú; m%foaYj, ;u fiajd jdrhwjika lr ;sìh hq;= fõ'

by; i|yka ia:dk udre mámdá ;sfnk kuq;a" fmd,sia ks,Odßyq iEfyk ixLHdjlaia:dk udre l%shdj,sh .ek;a" fuu mámdàka .ek;a Tjqkaf.a wúYajdih m%ldYlr isá;s’

ióCIKhg iyNd.S jQ fmd,sia ks,OdÍka w;ßka 44'9] la m%ldY lr isáfhaTjqkaf.a ia:dk udrelsßï iïnkaOfhka Tjqkg hï widOdrKhla ú¢kakg isÿ jQnjhs' tfyhska ia:dkudre mámdàka ms<sn| iel u;= fõ' tfia jqj;a" nyq;rh^55'1]& m%ldY lr isáfha ;u n, m%foaYhka we;=<; fyda tajdhska msg;g fydaia:dk udre ,eîfï§ Tjqkg lsisÿ widOdrKhla fkdisÿ jQ njhs’51

51 fiajfha isák ks<OdÍka 770 la wyUq f,i f;dard iïuqL idlÉcd meje;aùfuka 2005 fmnrjdß 05 isg08 Èk olajd;a" fmnrjdß 10 isg ud¾;= 03 olajd;a ’fidaI,a bkaäflag¾¶ wdh;kh úiska ’g%dkaiafmarkaisbkagkeIk,a wdh;kh¶ fjkqfjka mj;ajk ,o iemehqïldr ióCIKh'

48

±kg fmd,sia fomd¾;fïka;=j ;=< l%shd;aulj mj;sk ia:dk udre l%uh .ekfl;rï ÿrg iEySulg m;ajkjd±hs úuid n,k úg" 63'8] la ;uka iEySulgm;a fkdjk nj;a" 26'6] la ;uka iEySulg m;ajk nj;a" 9'6] la ;uka iEySulgm;a jkafka fyda iEySulg m;a fkdjkafka fyda ke;s nj mejiQy'52 ^my; i|ykaj.=j n,kak&

Tn ia:dk udre ,eìfï§" Tng hïwidOdrKhla ú¢kakg isÿjQfhao@

Tõ ke;

±kg l%shd;aul jk ia:dk udre l%uh .ek Tnfl;rï ÿrg iEySulg m;a jkafkyso@

iEySulgm;aj we;

iEySulg m;a ùfyd l<lsÍfkdue;

l<lsÍwe;

51-52 fiajfha isák ks<OdÍka 770 la wyUq f,i f;dard iïuqL idlÉcd meje;aùfuka 2005 fmnrjdß 05isg 08 Èk olajd;a" fmnrjdß 10 isg ud¾;= 03 olajd;a ’fidaI,a bkaäflag¾¶ wdh;kh úiska ’g%dkaiafmarkaisbkag¾keIk,a wdh;kh¶ fjkqfjka mj;ajk ,o iemehqïldr ióCIKh'

49

orK ;k;=r l=ula jqj;a" fmd,sia ks,Odßyq nyq;rhla ±kg l%shd;aulj mj;skia:dk udre l%uh .ek wi;=gq fj;s' fuu wi;=g jvd;au mj;skafka m%Odkfmd,sia mÍCIl yd Wm fmd,sia mÍCIl fY%aKs we;=<; fõ'53 ^my; i|yka j.=n,kak&

3'6'2 wh:d ia:dk udre je<elaùu i|yd úêúOdk

wdKavql%u jHjia:dfõ 17 jk ixfYdaOkfha 155 Ô'3 j.ka;sh fufia kshu lrhs'’wjYH fyda WÑ; fyda f,ig l,ska l,g fldñiug yefÕk ia:dkudre isÿlsÍfï§ wkq.ukh l< hq;= m%ñ;Ska fldñiu úiska we;s fldg kshu flfrkqwe;¶

fmd,siam;s OQrhg my< OQrj, fmd,sia ks,Odßkaf.a ia:dk udre lsÍfï n,;,cd;sl fmd,sia fldñiu i;=jk w;r" fuu n,;, fmd,siam;s yd iu. idlÉPdfjkal%shd;aul l< hq;= fõ'

fmd,sia ks,Odßka w;r mj;akd w;Dma;shg ms<shula jYfhka ia:dk udre lsÍïj,gwod<j mámdáhla y÷kajd Èh hq;= njg ñka ks¾foaY lrkq ,efí' ;j o"fmd,sia ks,OdÍkaf.a úYajdih jv jvd ,nd .ekSu i|yd cd;sl fmd,sia fldñifïld¾hNdrh jvd mq¿,a l< hq;= fõ'54

±kg l%shd;aul jk ia:dk udre l%uh .ek Tnfl;rï ÿrg iEySulg m;a jkafkyso@

l<lsÍ we;

iEySulg m;aù fyd l<lsÍfkdue;iEySulg m;aaj we;

fmd'fld' ierhka 'fmd'm m%'fmd'm'

53 fiajfha isák ks,OdÍka 770 la wyUq f,i f;dard iïuqL idlÉcd meje;aùfuka 2005 fmnrjdß 05isg 08 Èk olajd;a" fmnrjdß 10 isg ud¾;= 03 olajd;a ’fidaI,a bkaäflag¾¶ wdh;kh úiska’g%dkaiafmarkais bkagkeIk,a wdh;kh¶ fjkqfjka mj;ajk ,o iemehqïldr ióCIKh54 wdKavql%u jHjia:dfõ 17 jk ixfYdaOkfha 155 Ô '1 ta fþoh fufia kshu lrhs' ’fmd,siam;sjrhdf.a yerwfkla fmd,sia ks<OdÍkaf.a m;a lsÍï¶ Wiia lsÍï” ia:dk udre lsÍï yd úkh md,k fldñiu fj; mejf¾'Wiia lsÍï” ia:dk udre lsÍï” úkh md,kh yd fiajfhka wialsÍu ms<sn| n,;, fldñiu úiskafmd,siam;sjrhd iu. idlÉPdfjka bgq flfrkq we;'

50

3'7 jegqma" §ukd" fjk;a jrm%ido yd ;E.s §ukd

3'7'1 udisl jegqma

2003 jif¾ wxl 15 orK rd'm' pl%f,aLh wkqj 2004'01'01 isg fmd,siafldia;dm,ajrhl=f.a wjuh jd¾Isl jegqm re' 68"160'00 la yd Wmßu jd¾Isljegqm re' 116"400 la fõ' g%d'b'Y%S ,xld wdh;kh úiska iïuqL idlÉcdjla i|ydle|jk ,o jir ;=kl fiajd ld,hla we;s fmd,sia fldia;dm,ajrhl= ßhÿfrla&m%ldY l< mßÈ Tyqf.a udisl jegqm re' 12"130'00 ls' ^§ukd yer&

by; i|yka pl% f,aLh wkqj fmd,sia ierhkajrhl=f.a wjuh jd¾Isl jegqmre 79"440'00 la jk w;r th re' 124"500'00 olajd jeä fõ' Wm fmd,siamÍCIljrhl=f.a wju jegqm re' 85"650'00 ls’ th re 142"920'00 olajd by<hhs' fmd,sia mÍCIljrhl=f.a wjuh jd¾Isl jegqm re' 100"440'00 ls' th re'161"940'00 olajd jeä fjhs'

Ôjk úhou yd idfmaCIj jegqmaj, m%udKj;a nj ms<sn|j fmd,sia ks<OdÍkaf.a;Dma;sh b;d my;a nj ióCIKfhka fy<s úh' iEu ;dkdka;rhlu fmd,siaks,OdÍka nyq;rhla mejiqfõ Tjqkaf.a jegqm ðjk úhoï mshjd .ekSug m%udKj;afkdjk njhs' fuu woyi jeä jYfhkau mj;skafka ierhka OQr ork whw;rh' ^77'6]& ^my; j.=j n,kak&

Tfí yd Tn mjqf,a whf.a Ôjk wjYH;d yd fjk;awjYH;d i|yd Tfí jegqm m%udKj;a o@

fmd'fld' ierhka W'fmd'm fmd'm' m%'fmd'm'

;rula wm%udKj;ah

b;du wm%udKj;ah

;rula m%udKj;ah

b;du m%udKj;ah

51

;jo jegqma jeä ùula ;=,ska jvd hym;a fiajhla bgqjkq we;hs ck;djf.ka44'3] la is;k nj uyck u; úuiSu ms<Sn| iólaIKfhka fy<súh' 27'9]lf.a u;h jQfha jegqma jeäùula u.ska jqj o jvd hym;a fiajhla bgq fkdjknjhs' ^my; i|yka j.=j n,kak&

f md, si a k s, OdÍ k af . a j egqma j eä l sßul sk a f i aj f ha ; ; aj h j vd hym; a f õhehs Tn f l d; r ï ÿr g t l Õ j k af k ao@

14.3

30.1

13.4 14.5

24.8

3.0

0

20

40

60

80

100

%

;Èkau tlÕfjñ

;rulaúreoaO fjñ

;ÈkaaúreoaO fjñ

ms<s;=rlafkd,eìKs

;rula tlÕfjñ

fkdoksñ$iaÓrf,i lsjfkdyel

fmd,sia ks,OdrSkaf.a jegqma jeä lsrSulska fiajh jvd hym;a fõ hhsTn fld;rï ÿrg tl. jkafkao@

55 fiajfha isák ks,OdÍka 770 la wyUq f,i f;dard iïuqL idlÉcd meje;aùfuka 2005 fmnrjdß 05isg 08 Èk olajd;a" fmnrjdß 10 isg ud¾;= 03 olajd;a ’fidaI,a bkaäflag¾¶ wdh;kh úiska’g%dkaiafmarkais bkagkeIk,a wdh;kh¶ fjkqfjka mj;ajk ,o iemehqïldr ióCIKh

52

tfyhska ish¿u fY%aKsj, fmd,sia ks,Odßkaf.a jegqma jeä lsÍu jeo.;ah'fmd,sia fiajfha jegqma ;%súO yuqodjkaf.a ^yuqodj" kdúl yuqodj yd .=jkayuqodj& jegqma yd iu. fkdiefi|k nj;a" fmd,sia jegqma rdcH fiajl jegqmaj,g iudkj mj;sk nj;a" fmd,sia ks,Odß lsysmfofklau fmkajd ÿkay' fmd,siafiajfha jeo.;alu;a" Tjqkaf.a fiajfha iajNdjh;a ksoiqkla ±lajqjfyd;a fmd,siaks,Odßhl=f.a fiajfha Èklg meh .Kkla fyda i;shg Èk .Kkla fydajYfhka iSud ù fkd;sfí& i<ld n,k úg" fmd,sisfha jegqma o ;%súO yuqodjkaf.ajegqma ;,hg Wiia lsÍu w;HjYHh'

;jo ±kg l%shd;aul jk jegqma j¾Ol mámdáh .ek fmd,sia ks,Odßyq buy;awi;=gla ±lajQy' fmd,sia ks,Odßkaf.ka 24'4] la jegqma j¾Ol mámdáh .ekfndfyda fia i;=g m< l<y' 42'1] la ;rul m%idohla m%ldY l<y' wêl i;=glafmkajQfha 7'2 ] la muKs'55

3'7'2 §ukd

jegqmaj,g wu;rj" my; i|yka §ukd o f.jkq ,efí'56

ÿIalr §ukd re' 600'00 ^ish¿u ;k;=re i|yd&

0

10

20

30

40

50

24.2

41.7

4.9

21.1

Very Satisfied Somewhat

Satisfied

Neither

Satisfied or

Dissatisfied

Somewhat

Dissatisfied

How satisfied are you with the increment procedure of

the Police Department

%

7.2

Very

Dissatisfied

fmd,sia fomd¾;fïka;=fõ jegqma j¾Ol mámdáh .ekTn fldf;la ÿrg iEySulg m;a jkafkao@

wêl f,iiEySulgm;afjñ

;rulaiEySulgm;a fjñ

iEySulg fydafkdiEySulgm;a fkdfjñ

;rulafkdiEySulgm;a fjñ

wêl f,ifkdiEySulgm;a fjñ

56 uQ,dY%h - ixLHdf,aLk wxYh" fmd,sia uQ,ia:dkh57 fiajfha isák ks,OdÍka 770 la wyUq f,i f;dard iïuqL idlÉPd meje;aùfuka 2005 fmnrjdß 05isg 08 Èk olajd;a' fmnrjdß 10 isg ud¾;= 03 olajd;a ’fidaI,a bkaäflag¾¶ wdh;kh úiska’g%dkaiafmarkais bkagkeIk,a wdh;kh¶ fjkqfjka mj;ajk ,o iemehqïldr ióCIKh

53

3'7'3 fjk;a jrm%ido

jegqm fjk;a §ukdj,g wu;rj" iEu fmd,sia ks,Odßfhlau fjk;a jrm%idoj,go ysñlï lshhs' fuu wu;r jrm%ido iuyrla kï" fkdñ,fha ,efnk ks,we÷ï" ffjoH myiqlï" .uka jdr m%fõY m;%" ks, ksjdi hkdÈhhs'58

3'7'4 ;s<sK ,nd §fï l%uh

,xld fmd,sia fldia;dm,a w;afmd; wkqj59" m%Odk fmd,sia mÍCIl ;k;=r yd Bgmy< ;k;=re orK iEu fmd,sia ks,Odßfhlau" uqr fiajfha" uqr ixpdrfha fydaúfYaI fiajdfõ fh§ isáh§ wmrdOhla isÿ lsÍula w,a,d .ekSu we;=¿ oCIl%shdldß;ajhka i|yd;a" wmrdOhla ms<sn| úu¾Yk ld¾hhka id¾:l f,i bgqlsÍug Wmldßjk f;dr;=rla fyda NdKavhla ,nd .ekSu i|yd;a" ie.ù isákmqoa.,hl= fidhd .ekSu i|yd;a" w;a wvx.=jg .ekSfï§ m%o¾Ykh lrk ks¾NS;Ndjhi|yd;a" Èfha .s,S ñh hkakg ióm mqoa.,hl= fírd .ekSu i|yd;a" .skakla uevmeje;aùfï§ isÿ lrk úfYaI fiajdjka i|yd;a" nrm;, wmrdO je<elaùugiqúfYaI lemùï i|yd;a" iq¿ wmrdO ms<sn|j Woafhda.Su;aj lghq;= lsÍu i|yd;a"id¾:l m%:udOdr §u i|yd;a" Èjd ? fkd;ld isÿ lrk úfYaI fiajdjka i|yd;a"úfYaI ;s<sK ,nd .ekSug iqÿiqlï ,nhs'

58 fmd,Sisfha Wiia mqyqKq lsÍfï wdh;kfha wOHCI fcHIaG fmd,sia wêldÍ §md,a o,amodÿ uy;d iu.2006'02'13 Èk fmd,sia uQ,ia:dkfha§ mj;ajk ,o iïuqL idlÉcdjla 59 4 jk ixialrKh

0

10

20

30

40

50

17

42.8

3.4

23.1

Very Satisfied SomewhatSatisfied

NeitherSatisfied or

Dissatisfied

SomewhatDissatisfied

If “Yes” how satisfied are you with the presentallowance system ?

%

13.6

Very Dissatisfied


’Tõ¶ kï j¾;udk §ukd l%uh .ek Tn fld;rï ÿrgiEySulg m;a jQfhao@

;rulaiEySulg m;a

fjñ


;rulafkdiEySulg m;a

fjñ


54

ióCIKhg iyNd.s jQ fmd,sia ks,OdÍkaf.ka 21]la muKla fuu úfYaI ;s<sKm%odkh lsÍfï mámdáh .ek b;d iEySulg m;a jQ nj;a" 37'9] la ;rula ÿrgiEySug m;a jQ nj;a ióCIKfhka fy<sfõ' wm%idoh m< lrk whf.ka 22'9];rula ÿrg fkdiEySug m;a jQ nj yd 13] la iïmQ¾Kfhkau wm%idohg m;a jQnj fmksKs'60

3'8 úkh md,k úê úOdk

3'8'1 f.!rjdNsudk fmd,sia m%;s{dj

fmd,sia fiajh we;=<; ks;e;skau mj;akd úkh md,k úê úOdk fmd,sisfhaf.!rjdNsudk m%;s{dj u.ska ms<sìUq fõ' ;u jD;a;sh" f.!rjh" pß;h fydafmdÿ ck;dj fmd,sish fj; ;nd we;s úYajdih mdjd fkd§ug;a" fmd,Sisfhawdpdr O¾u ix.%yh wkqj ;uka yd fiajfha fjk;a who j.lSug hg;alsÍug;a" rfÜ kS;s ia:dmkh lsÍug;a" fuu m%;s{dj wkqj fmd,sia fiajfhakshqla; jQ wh ne£ isá;s'61

0

10

20

30

40

50

21

37.9

5.2

22.9


NeitherSatisfied or

Dissatisfied


How satisfied are you with the reward procedure of the Police Department

%

13

Very Dissatisfied

b;duiEySug m;a

fõ

;rula ÿrgiEySugm;afjñ

fmd,sia fomd¾;fïka;=fõ ;s<sK m%odk mámdáh .ekTn fldf;la ÿrg iEySug m;a jkafkao@

wêl f,ifkdiEySugm;a fjñ

;rula ÿrgfkdiEySug m;a

fjñ

iEySug fydfkdiEySug m;a

fkdfjñ

60 fiajfha isák ks,OdÍka 770 la wyUq f,i f;dard iïuqL idlÉcd meje;aùfuka 2005 fmnrjdß 05isg 08 Èk olajd;a" fmnrjdß 10 isg ud¾;= 03 olajd;a ’fidaI,a bkaäflag¾¶ wdh;kh úiska’g%dkaiafmarkais bkagkeIk,a wdh;kh¶ fjkqfjka mj;ajk ,o iemehqïldr ióCIKh61 ud lsisu wjia:djl udf.a jD;a;sh" udf.a wjxlNdjh" udf.a pß;h fyda uyck úYajdih fkdìoSug;a"’wdpdr O¾u ix.%yhg¶ wkql+,j" udf.a iy wm ieuf.a l%shdjkag j.lSug;a ieu úgu ffO¾hu;a ùug;audf.a uõìu" kS;sh iy ud fiajh kshq;= fmd,sia n,ldh" ieu úgu fkdie,S ord isàug;a wjxlj iyf.!rjdNsudkj m%;s{d foñ'

55

fmd,sish fj; uyck úYajdih jv jvd j¾Okh jk mßÈ ;u wjxlNdjh;a"rfÜ kS;sh;a k.d isgqùug iEu fmd,sia ks,Odßhl=u iïmQ¾Kfhkau ne£ isáknj mejiSu wjYH fkdfõ' tfyhska" ;u m%;s{djg mgyeKsj l%shd lrk fmd,siaks,Odßfhla Tyqf.a fiajd fldkafoais W,a,x.kh lrhs'

,xld fmd,sia w;afmd; wkqj o úkh wdrCIl úê úOdk kshu lr we;' tajdmy; idlÉPdjg ,la fõ'

3'8'2 fiajd fldkafoais

fmd,sia w;afmdf;a kshu lr we;s fiajd fldkafoais fmd,sisfha lS¾;skduh wdrCIdlsÍu i|yd mkjd we;s ±ä úkh kS;s Í;s ms<sn| lÈu ksoiqka f,i ie<lshyelsh' iEu fmd,sia ks,Odßfhl=u Tyqf.a uq¿ ld,hu lemùfuka yd wjlxjfmd,sia fiajhg muKlau fhoúh hq;= nj;a meyeÈ,s f,i wjir ,ndf.k ñiwka lsisÿ fj<|dul fyda jD;a;shl fyda fkdfhÈh hq;= nj;a" Tyq iy Tyqf.amjq,o" wka whf.a f.!rjhg md;% jk fia lghq;= l< hq;= nj;a" 1 jk kS;shkshu lrhs'

Tyq ish¿u fmd,sia kS;sj,g yd ksfhda.j,g wjk; úh hq;= nj 2 jk kS;shmjihs' iEu fmd,sia ks,Odßhl=u iudch fj; fiajh lsÍfï§ wjxl úh hq;=nj;a" ish¿u fmd,sia kS;s yd ksfhda. ms<smeÈh hq;= nj;a" bka meyeÈ,sj fmfka';jo" Tyq Tyqf.a mjqf,a who Tyq fiajh lrk iudch fj; hym;a wdo¾Yhlaúh hq;=h'

8 jk kS;sh hgf;a" fmd,sia wêldßjrhdf.ka ,nd.;a meyeÈ,s wjirhla u;ñi" lsisÿ fmd,sia ks,Odßfhla" lsisÿ wjia:djl fyda lsisÿ fya;=jla u;" iDcq fydajl%j" lsisÿ mqoa.,hl=f.ka lsisÿ ;Hd.hla" mdßf;daIs;hla fyda .dia;=jla .ekSfukafyda ms<s.ekSfuka je<lsh hq;=fõ' kEu wdldrhl w,a,ila .ekSu fiajd fldkafoaisW,a,x.kh lsÍula nj tfyhska meyeÈ,s fõ'

iEu fmd,sia ks,Odßfhlau rfÜ n,OdÍka fj; f.!rjh yd wjk;Ndjh;a"ish¿u ckhd fj; bjiSu" lreKdj yd úkS;Ndjh;a ±laúh hq;= njg kshulsÍfuka fmd,Sish yd m%cdj w;r hym;a in|;djla mj;ajd .ekSfï jeo.;alufiajd fldkafoais u.ska fmkajd fohs' ^9 jk kS;sh&

úIudpdrhla iïnkaOfhka jerÈlre jk fmd,sia ks,Odßfhla ovhlg fydafjk;a ovqjulg hg;a lrkq ,eìh yelsjd muKla fkdjks' kqiqÿiq nj" rdcldßmeyeryeÍu fyda úIudpdrhla u;" fmd,siam;sjrhd úiska fyda ksfhdacHfmd,siam;sjrhd úiska fyda wod< fmd,sia wêldßjrhd úiska Tyq jydu fiajfhkawia lsÍug fyda mylsÍug fyda yelsfõ' ;jo" m<d;a fmd,sia wêldßjrhdg fyda

56

m<d;" Èia;%slalh fyda n, m%foaYh Ndr iyldr wêldrjrhdg Tyq jev ;ykulgo ,la l< yelsh' ^10 jk kS;sh&62

fmd,sia ks,OdÍka w;r úkh mj;ajd .ekSu i|yd l%shdl< yels úkh md,kúêúOdk fiajd fldkafoais ;=< uekúka ms<sìUq fõ'

3'8'3 úkh kS;s ix.%yh

wmlS¾;sh f.k fok p¾hdjla"63 rdcldÍ meyeryeÍula"64 úYajdih lv lsÍula"65

¥Is; l%shdjla"66 wmrdOhlg fyda jrolg fodaIs;hl= njg kshu lrkq ,eîu"67

úkh lv lsÍulg wjiydhl=ùu68 hk l%shdjka i|yd jrolre lrk ,o kEufmd,sia ks,Odßfhla úkh kS;s lv l< mqoa.,hl= f,i ie<fla'

62 1948 foieïn¾ 08 jk Èk yd wxl 4953 orK fmd,sia .eiÜ m;%fha 2 fldgfia 175 msgqj yd 1951 cQ,s11 Èk yd wxl 5083 118 jk msgqj n,kak'63 1 jk j.ka;sh" tkï" Tyq fkdukd f,i fyda hym;a úkhg w.;shla úh yels ´kEu f,ilg fyda fmd,siafiajfha lS¾;shg le<,la úh yels f,ilg l%shd l<fyd;a64 4 jk j.ka;sh" tkï" Tyq

^w& fmd,sia ks,Odßhl= f,i Tyqf.a rdcldßh jk hula wm%udoj yd iïm%ckH f,i bgq lsÍu fyda l%shd;aul lsÍu fkdi<ld yeßhfyd;a fyda^wd& rdcldß fõ,djka ;=< w,ij isáhfyd;a" fyda^we& Tyqg ksfhda. lrk ,o rdcldß ia:dkfhka ksis wjir fkdue;sj neyer .shfyd;a" fyda^wE& wmßiaiu fyda fkdie<ls,su;alu fya;=fjka isrlrejl=g fíÍ m,d hdug bv ÿkfyd;a" fyda^b& okajd isàug Tyq ne£ isák hula ±kaùug wiu;a jqjfyd;a" fyda^B& hï ks, f,aLkhl fyda fmd;l wjYH igyka we;=¿ lsßu u. yeßhfyd;a" fyda^W& jrolrejl= fyda ie.ù isák mqoa.,hl= isák ia:dkh ±k ±k;a" ta nj ±kaùug wiu;ajqjfyd;a fydaTyq kS;sfha /yekg yiq lr .ekSug ksis W;aidyhla fkd±rejfyd;a

65 6 jk j.ka;sh" tkï" Tyq^w& ryiH f,i ;nd .ekSug ne£ isák hula wkdjrKh l<fyd;a" fyda^wd& fmd,sia fiaj yd iïnkaO hï lreKla ksis wjirhlska f;drj fmdÿ mqj;a j,g fyda n,h fkd,;a mqoa.,hl= fj; okajd isáhfyd;a" fyda^we& fmd,sia fiajhg iïnkaO hï lreKla idlÉPd lsrSu i|yd n,h ,nd fkd.;a /iaùula leojqjfyd;a fyda tjeks /iaùulg iyNd.S jqjfyd;a fyda^wE& fmd,sia fiajhg iïnkaO hï lreKla iïnkaO ms<sn| fm;aiula" m%ldYhla fyda ksfõokhla th w;aikalrk ,o jQj;a fyda" ks¾kdñl jQj;a fyda" w;aika l, fyd;a fyda" fmd,siam;sjrhd fj; ksishdldr f,iska ,smshjk ud¾. j,ska ñi tjeks f,aLkhka fnod yersfhda;a fyda^b& ksishdldr wjir ,nd fkdf.k hï ks, f,aLkhl msgm;la .;fyd;a fyda tjeks msgm;la ,Õ ;nd.;fyd;a

66 7 jk j.ka;sh" tkï" Tyq^w& fiajfha isáh § fyda fiajfhka neyerj isáh § fyda Tyqf.a whs;sfha mj;sk uqo,a fyda foam, iïnkaOfhka i;=gqodhl meyeÈ,s lssÍula iemhSug wfmdfydi;a jqjfyd;a" fyda^wd& Tyqf.a ks, ;;ajh lrK fldgf.k Tyq fj; ,enqkq hï uqo,la fyda foam,la iïnkaOfhka i;=gqodhl meyeÈ,s lsßula iemhSug wfmdfydi;a jqjfyd;a fyda tajd wm%udoj yd i;H f,i wdmiq Ndr §ug wfmdfydi;a jqjfyd;a" fyda^we& fmd,siam;sjrhdf.a wjirh fkdue;sj iDcq f,iska fyda jl% f,ilska hï mdßf;daIs;hla" ;s<sKhla fyda odhl uqo,la ,nd .;fyd;a" fyda^wE& Tyqf.a rdcldß bgq lsÍug ndOdjla úh yels f,i hï mqoa.,hl= fj; hï uQ,Huh ne£ulg hg;a jqjfyd;a" fyda^b& fmd,sia ks,Odßhl= jYfhka Tyqf.a ;;ajh fyda ;k;=r Tyqf.a mqoa.,sl jdish i|yd whq;= f,ifhdod.;fyd;a

67 15 jk j.ka;sh" tkï" wêlrKhla úiska wmrdOhla fyda jrola iïnkaOfhka Tyq fodaI úksYaphg Ndckhlrk ,ofyd;a fyda wmrdO mámdá ix.%yfha 325 jk j.ka;sfha úê úOdk hgf;a Tyq iïnkaOfhka l%shd lrk,ofyd;a68 16 jk j.ka;sh" tkï" fuu ix.%yh hgf;a jrola fyda úkh lv lsÍula ms<sn|j Tyq bvyerSu fyda ±k±ku wkqn, ÿkfyd;a

57

wdKavql%u jHjia:dfõ 17 jk ixfYdaOkfha 155 Ô'3 j.ka;sh wkqj" fmd,siafiajfha p¾hd kS;s ix.%yh fldñiu úiska iïmdokh lr kshu l< hq;= fõ'

Y%S ,xld wdKavql%u jHjia:dfõ 17 jk ixfYdaOkh u.ska cd;sl fmd,sia fldñiumsysgqùfï uQ,sl mrud¾:h jQfha ld¾hCIu fmd,sia fiajdjla msysgqùu yd tysúkh md,kh ksis f,i l%shd;aul lsÍug wjYH úêúOdk kshu lsÍuhs' úkhmd,k n,;, fldñiu fj; mjrk ,È' cd;sl fmd,sia fldñifï ks, ld,h2005 fkdjeïnrfha wjika jQ w;r" th ±kg l%shd úrys; ;;ajhl mj;S'fmd,siSfha úkh md,k n,;, iys; tu fldñiu tfia wl¾ukH ùu fya;=fjkaúkhdkql+, mámdá l%shd;aul lsÍfï§ wld¾hCIu;djka we;s ùug bv we;'69

3'8'4 fmd,Sishg tfrysj flfrk uyck meñKs,s

fmd,sia ks,Odßkaf.a úIudjdr ms<sn| meñKs,s" ia:dk Ndr ks,OdÍka úiskaw;sYh jeo.;a lreKq f,i ie<lsh hq;= fõ'70

fmd,sishg úreoaOj fmd,sia ia:dkh fj; flfrk iEu meñKs,a,la ms<sn|ish¿u úia;r fmd,sia f;dr;=re igyka fmdf;a jd¾;d lrkq ,efí' ia:dkNdrks,Odßhd tu meñKs,a, .ek mqoa.,slju jydu mÍCIKhla meje;aúh hq;=fõ' kS;shg mgyeksj jrola isÿ ù we;s njla tu mÍCIKfha§ ks.ukhjqjfyd;a" túg jrolreg úreoaOj kvq mejÍug whs;sjdislula meñKs,slreg;sfnk nj Tyqg okajkq ,efí' Èia;%slalh fyda n,m%foaYh Ndr iyldr fmd,siawêldßjrhd túg ta .ek mÍCIKhla mj;ajd uQ,sl jYfhka idOdrK meñKs,a,lalr weoa±hs ;SrKhlg t<fUhs' bkamiq ish¿u wod< ,shlshú,s yd fpdaokdm;% flgqïm;la m<d; Ndr wêldßjrhdg fyda iyldr fmd,sia wêldrSjrhdghjkq ,efí' túg" mÍCIKh i|yd kshu flfrk Èkh" fõ,dj yd ia:dkhmeñKs,slre fj; yd mÍCIK uKav,fha idudðlhka fj; okajd hjkq ,efí'71

idudkH mqoa.,hl= úiska lrk ,o kï Tyqg úreoaOj kvq mejßh yels j¾.fhajrola fmd,sia ks,Odßhd úiska isÿ ù we;s nj fyda" Tyq" ±k ±ku yd ys;du;dTyqf.a n,;, blaujd l%shdlr we;s nj" fyda Tyq" ;uka hgf;a isá mqoa.,hl=fj; whq;= mqoa.,sl ysxidjla lr ;sfnk nj" fyda" wod< wêldßjrhd fydaiyldr wêldßjrhd ks.ukh l<fyd;a" túg iïmQ¾K mÍCIKhka mj;ajdjrolreg úreoaOj Widúhl § kvq mjrkq we;' tfy;a tjeks ks.ukhlgt<U ke;fyd;a fyda meñKs,slre úêu;a kvqjla mejÍug wlue;sj fomd¾;fïka;=mÍCIKhla b,a,d isáhfyd;a" túg mÍCIKh Ndr .eiÜ lrk ,o ks,Odßhdmsgq 28 i|yka wxl 21 jk ksfhda.h wkqj idCIs jd¾;d lr" mÍCIKhwm%udoj mj;ajd wjidk l< hq;= fõ' fy<s jQ lreKq yd ;Skaÿj ,sÅ;j igykalr" .kakd ,o l%shdud¾. meñKs,slre fj; ,sÅ;j ±kqï fokq ,efí'

69 wdishdkq udkj ysñlï fldñifï m%ldYkhla" Y%S ,xldj ( Y%S ,xldfõ wmrdO uq,skqmqgd ±óu m|ydcd;sl fmd,sia fldñiu mK .ekaùu w;HjYH fõ" 2006 ckjdß 0370 fmd,sia w;afmd;" 4 jk ixialrKh" 195371 1979 fmnrjdrS 26 Èk yd wxl 4963 orK fmd,sia .eiÜ m;%fha 2 jk fldgi

58

mÍCIK uKav,hg m%foaYh Ndr iyldr fmd,sia wêldßjrhd" ia:dkNdr ks,Odßhdyd uyckhd w;ßka f;dard.;a whl= jYfhka ;sfofkl=f.ka iukaú; jk w;r"i'fmd'wêldßjrhd iNdm;s jYfhka lghq;= lrkq we;' ia:dkNdr ks,OdßhdpQÈ;hd fyda idCIslrefjla fõkï" m<d; Ndr fmd,sia wêldßjrhd fyda iyldrfmd,sia wêldßjrhd" Èia;%slalfha iyldr fmd,sia wêldßjrhd yd fmdÿckksfhdað;fhla hk ;sfokdf.ka mÍCIl uKav,h iukaú; ù" fmd,sia wêldßjrhdfyda m<d;$m%foaYh Ndr iyldr wêldßjrhd iNdm;s jYfhka l%shdlrkq we;'^1950 cQks 14 Èk wxl 5"028 orK fmd,sia .eiÜ m;%fha 2 jk fldgi n,kak&fmdÿ ckhd ksfhdackh lsÍu i|yd mqoa.,fhla mÍCIl uKav,fha isák ksid"meñKs,slreg fjk;a flfkl= mÍCIK uKav,hg f.k hEug fyda fjk;awhl=f.a iydh ,nd .ekSug wjir fokq fkd,efí' pQÈ; fmd,sia ks,Odßhdg otu kS;sh wod< fõ' ^1949 cqks 23 wxl 4" 963 orK fmd,sia .eiÜ m;%fha 2fldgi n,kak&

fm;aiula u.ska meñKs,a,la bÈßm;a lrk úg" ,Õ we;s fmd,sia ia:dkh fj;f.dia" fm;aiu ;uka úiska hjk ,o njg yd tys wvx.= lreKq ;ud úiskabÈßm;a flfrk njg m%ldY lsÍug fm;aiïlreg okajd heúh hq;= fõ'mÍCIKh mj;ajkq ,nkafka by; i|yka mßÈu 1950 cqks 14 jk Èk wxl5028 orK fmd,sia .eiÜ m;%fha ^105 jk msgqj& yd 1949" fmnrjdß 23 wxl4" 963 orK fmd,sia .eiÜ m;%fha 2 fldgfia i|yka wdldrhgh'

fï yereKq úg" cd;sl fmd,sia fldñiu fj; uyck meñKs,s bÈßm;a lsÍfïl%uhla wdKavq l%u jHjia:fõ 17 jk ixfYdaOkh u.ska y÷kajd fok ,È'fmd,sia ks,Odßkag tfrysj yd fmd,sia fiajhg tfrysj meñKs,s Ndr .ekSug;a"mÍCIKhg Ndckh lsÍug;a" m%;sl¾u fh§ug;a mámdáhla cd;sl fmd,siafldñiu úiska msysgqúh hq;= njg tys 155 Ô 2 j.ka;sh kshu lrhs' tfy;atjeks l%shdldÍ uyck meñKs,s Ndr .ekSfï l%uhla wdrïNfha§ fkd;snqKs' tafjkqjg we;a; jYfhkau isÿjQfha tjeks meñKs,s cd;sl fmd,sia fldñiu úiskakej; fmd,siam;sjrhd fj; fhduq lsßuhs' fmd,siam;sjrhd úiska túg tumeñKs,s .ek l%shd lsßu úfYaI úu¾Yk wxYh fj; Ndrlrk ,È' ñka isÿjQfha merKs l%uh fj; kej; hEuh' tfia jqjo" meñKs,s iïnkaOfhka l%shdlsÍu i|yd cd'fmd'fld' m%dfoaYSh iïnkaëlrK ks,OdÍka 10 fokl= muK m;alr we;' fudjqkg fjku ld¾hd,hla ,nd fok ;=re Tjqyq cd;sl udkj ysñlïfldñifï m%dfoaYSh ld¾hd,j, isg ;u lghq;= fufyhj;s'

uE;l§" kvq lsysmhl§u fY%aIaGdêlrKh úiska cd'fmd'fld' fj; ksfhda. ksl=;alrñka úkhdkql+, mÍCIK mj;ajk f,i kshu lr we;' ;jo" úkh mj;ajd.ekSu yd ;uka hgf;a isák ks,Odßka úiska udkj ysñlï W,a,x.kh lsÍïje<elaùu fcHIaG ;k;=re orK fmd,sia ks,Odßkaf.a j.lSu nj fY%aIaGdêlrKhúiska wjOdrKh lrk ,È'72

72 udkj ysñlï fldñiu fj; ,enqKq fmd,sishg úreoaO meñKs,s ms<sn|j id¾:l mámdáhla msysgqùuiïnkaOfhka Y%S ,xld cd;sl fmd,sia fldñifï ld¾hNdrh keue;s m%ldYh - mqj;am;a ksfõokh" 2004wfm%a,a 05

59

3'8'5 o`vqjï

lKsIaG fmd,sia ks,OdÍka fj; my; i|yka ovqjï kshu l< yelsh' iyldrfmd,sia wêldß ;k;=rg my< ;k;=rla orK lsisÿ fmd,sia ks,Odßhl= ygfjk;a fmd,sia ks,Odßhl= fj; ovqjï kshu lsÍfï n,hla ysñ fkdfõ'

wjjdo lsÍu ( ,sÅ;j wjjdo lsÍu - fuh fmd,sia ld¾hd,fmdf;a yd wod< ks,OdÍhdf.a ,sms f.dkqfõ,sÅ;j igyka lrkq ,efí'

;rfha wjjdo lsÍu ( fuh by; i|yka wjjdo lsÍug jvd nrm;,h'

ovqjï wNHdi ( jrolre yg Èk 7 lg fkdjeä kshu flfrk Èk.Kkl YdÍßl wNHdi kshu flf¾' fuu wNHdil< hq;af;a iïmQ¾K ks, we÷ï lÜg,fhka ieriSisáh§h' ierhkajrhl=f.a wëCIKh hgf;ah' fuuwNHdi Èklg mehl ld,hla blauúh fkdhq;=h'

wu;r nr jev ( Ng ksjdi ^ne/lal& Y=oaO mú;% lsÍu yd fmd,siaia:dkfha ,S NdKav yd hka;%iQ;% hkdÈh mú;% lsÍuwu;r rdcldßhla f,i jrolre fj; mejf¾' fuuovqju o Èk 7 lg fkdjeä ld,hla i|yd muKs'

Ng ksjdifhka ( Èk 7 lg fkdjeä ld,hlg ne/lalfhka msgùumsgùu ;ykï lsÍu ;ykï flf¾' fï ld< iSudj ;=< § jrolreg msg

ù hd yelafla ierhkajrhd fj; jd¾;d lsrSfukamuKs'

widOq igyka ( nrm;,lu wvqu ovqjï j¾.h widOq igyka §uhs'fïjd fiajd f,aLkfha igyka lrkq ,efí' fouilwLKav ld, mßÉfþohla ;=< hym;a l,a l%shdfjkahq;=j rdcldß bgq lsÍfuka tla widOq igyka wfydaisfõ' wfydais fkdlr.;a widOq igyk ,l=Kq ;sîu'Wiiaùïj,g ndOdjla úh yelsh' fouil wLKavhym;a fiajh u.ska widOq igyka wfydais jk kuq;a"tu widOq igyka ,nd.;a nj fiajd f,aLkfha i|ykajmj;S' tu widOq igyk ;k;=r fyda fY%aKsh my<±óula fkdjqjo" tajd wjjdo lsÍï f,i ie<fla'widOq igyka 10 la ,eîu fiajfhka mylrkq,eîug ;=vq Èh yelsh'

ov .eiSu ( ksjdvq ,nd fkdf.k rdcldßhg fkdmeñKSu ydfkdie<ls,su;alu ksid rcfha foam, ke;s ùuiïnkaOfhka muKla ov kshu lrkq ,efí'

60

jegqma j¾Ol m%udo lsÍu$keje;aùu

Wiia lsÍï wvq lsÍu fyda wysñ lsÍu ( fuh b;d nrm;, ovqjuls' ;k;=ßkamy<g fy,kq ,enQ fmd,sia ks,Odßhdyg" tla tla;k;=f¾ kshñ; ld,fhka wvla ne.ska fiajh lr";ukag wh;a kshu ;k;=f¾ kej; fiajfha msysgqjkq,eìh yelsh' tfy;a ta i|yd Tyqf.a fiajh ydl,al%shdj hym;a úh hq;=h'73

wld¾hCIu;dj u; fiajfhka úY%du heùu ( fuu l%shdj,sh .kq ,nkafka ;uks, rdcldÍ lghq;= ld¾hCIu f,i bgq lsßugwfmdfydi;a f,ig ie<flk fmd,sia ks,OdßkaiïnkaOfhks' iuyr wjia:dj,§ wvq lrk ,oúY%du hEfï §ukdjla f.ùug bv we;'

fiajfhka uqod yeÍu ( Tjqkaf.a l,a l%shdj wkqj" fmd,sia fiajfha r|jd.ekSug kqiqÿiq fia ie<flk fmd,sia ks,OdÍkaiïnkaOfhka fuu l%shd ud¾.h wkq.ukh flf¾'

fiajfhka my lsÍu ( nrm;, jerÈj,g jrolre lrkq ,eîu fya;=fjkarcfha fiajh i|yd ;jÿrg;a kqiqÿiq fmd,siaks,OdÍka iïnkaOfhka fuu l%shdud¾.h .kq ,efí'

3'8'6 wNshdpkd

ksfhdacH fmd,siam;sjrhl= úiska ksl=;a lrk ,o ksfhda.hla iïnkaOfhka bÈßm;aflfrk wNshdpkd ms<sn|j fmd,siam;sjrhd l%shd lrkq we;' tf,iu" fmd,siawêldÍjrhl=f.a ksfhda.hka iïnkaO wNshdpkd .ek ksfhdacH fmd,siam;sjrfhlao" iyldr wêldrjrhl=f.a ksfhda. iïnkaO wNshdpkd .ek wêldÍjrfhla ol%shd lrkq we;'

mÍCIKh meje;aùfï§ wkq.ukh lrk ,o mámdáfha hï wl%ñl;djla ;snQwjia:dj,§ muKla" m%:u wNshdpkh fhduq l< ks,Odßhdg jvd fcHIaGks,Odßhl= fj; fojk wNshdpkhla bÈßm;a l< yels fõ'

73 igyk ( Wiia lsÍula uila we;=<; isÿùug kshñ; fõ kï" tu Wiia lsÍu udi 6 lg fkdjeäld,hlg keje;aúh yelsh' fuu ovqju .ek fiajd f,aLkfha igyka lrkq ,efí' fï ovqju ksid jegqmawysñ jkafka Wiia lsÍu kj;ajk ,o ld, iSudj fjkqfjka muKls' kshñ; Èkg Wiiaùu ,eîug fmd,siaks,Odßhl= kqiqÿiq njg ;SrKh l< úg" fiajd f,aLkfha ta .ek igyka lrkq fkd,efí" ta fjkqjg äfmda;=Kavqjla hjkq ,efí" fuu ovqju kshu lrk ,o úg" ks,Odßhd kej; iqÿiq jk ;=re jegqma ydfcHIaG;ajh wysñ fõ" fmd,sia ks,Odßhl=f.a Wiia ùu wjjdo lsÍula f,i w;aysgqúh yelsh" tfiake;fyd;a Tyqf.a Wiia ùu ks¾foaY lsÍug fmr Tyqf.a rdcldß lghq;= yd yeisÍu hï ld, iSudjla;=< ksÍCIKhg Ndckh lsÍu kqjKg yqre nj ks.ukh l< úg o Wiia lsÍu w;aysgjkq ,efí'ks,Odßhdg úreoaOj kvqjla fyda mÍCIKhla ,efnñka mj;sk úg o Wiia lsÍu w;aysgjkq ,efí' fuys§jegqma fyda fcHIaGNdjh wysñ ùula isÿ fkdfõ' ulaksidoh;a Tyqg bÈßld,fha§ Wiia ùu ,enqKq úg"wysñ jQ jegqm kej; ,efí'

62

4 wdKavql%u jHjia:dfõ 17 jk ixfYdaOkh hgf;a msysgqjk

,o cd;sl fmd,sia fldñiu

4'1 wruqKq

fmd,sia fiajh we;=¿ iuia; rdcH fiajhu wêl f,i foaYmd,k n,mEugf.dÿre ù we;s njg foaYmd,k mCI" isú,a iudc ixúOdk yd mqoa.,hka úiskafmkajd fokq ,ÿj" rdcH fiajh foaYmd,kSlrKfhka uqod .ekSu i|yd hïw¾:j;a m%;spdrhla olajk f,i rcfhka b,a,d isák ,È' wdKavql%u jHjia:djg17 jk ixfYdaOkh 2001 § wka;¾.; lrk ,oafoa tu miqìu hgf;ah'

ckiïu;jd§ ,CIK jv jvd mq¿,a lr" rg ;=< hym;a md,k ffY,shlaYla;su;a f,i msysgqjd" foaYmd,kuh weÕs,s .eiSïj,ska f;dr iajdëk yd m%n,rdcH fiajhla msysgqùu 17 jk ixfYdaOkfha m%Odku wruqK úh' fuu ixfYdaOkhu.ska jHjia:d uKav,h msysgqjk ,È' cd;sl fmd,sia fldñiu ^cd'fmd'fld'&we;=¿ ;j;a uKav, lsysmhla i|yd idudðlhka f;dardf.k Tjqka .ek lreKqmßCId lr" Tjqka tu uKav,j,g m;a lsÍfï ld¾h jHjia:d uKav,h fj;mjrd we;' fuu úê úOdkfha wruqKq jQfha cd;sl fmd,sia fldñiug wjxltä;r mqoa.,hka m;a lsÍuh'

4'2 ixhq;sh yd /ljrKh

jHjia:d uKav,fha ks¾foaYh u; ckdêm;sjrhd úiska m;a flfrk idudðlhkai;a fofkl=f.ka cd'fmd'fld' iukaú; fõ' idudðlhka wjqreÿ 3 l ld,hlai|yd m;a flfrk w;r" ;j;a wjqreÿ 3 l tla wu;r ks, ld,hla i|ydkej; m;a lrkq ,eîug TjqyQ iqÿiafida fj;s' Tjqka bj;a l< yelafla jHjia:duKav,fha ks¾foaYhla u; ckdêm;sjrhd yg muKls' tfyhska ys;=u;h wkqjbj;a lsÍula fkdisÿjk njg idudðlhka fj; iy;slhla we;' cd'fmd'fldñifïfyda tys ´kEu idudðlfhl=f.a ;SrKhla flfrys iDcq fyda jl% n,mEula lsÍufyda tfia lsÍug W;aidy lsÍu fyda tu ;SrKhla ms<sn| ueÈy;aùu" 155 t*afþoh wkqj" uydêlrKfha§ kvq mejßh yels yd y;ajirl isr ovqjula iu.remsh,a ,CIhl ovhla ,eìh yels jrols' tfiajqjo" 155 t*a fþohcd'fmd'fldñiug yd tys ´kEu ldrl iNdjlg wka whf.a ueÈy;aùïj,skawdrCIdj ,ndfok kuq;a" tu wdrCIdj fmd,siam;sjrhdg fyda 155 fþ fþohhgf;a mejfrk n,;, yd l¾;jHhka bgq lrk fjk;a ks,OdÍka fj; fyda,nd § fkdue;' tfyhska tu ld¾hka bgq lrk fmd,sia ks,OdÍka fj; foaYmd,kn,mEï t,a,ùfï bvlv ;ju;a we;'

63

4'3 cd;sl fmd,sia fldñifï n,;,

fmd,siam;sjrhd iïnkaOfhka yereKq úg" wfkla ish¿u fmd,sia ks,OdÍkaf.am;a lsÍu" ia:dk udre lsßu" Wiia lsÍu" úkh md,kh yd fiajfhka my lsÍums<sn| n,;, cd'fmd'fld' fj; mjrd we;' fuu n,;, cd'fmd'fld' úiskafmd,siam;sjrhd yd iu. idlÉPdfjka l%shd;aul lrkq ,efí'74 w;Dma;shg m;a´kEu fmd,sia ks,Odßhl= yg fmd,siam;sjrhdf.a fyda ldrl iNdjl fyda fmd,siaks,Odßhl=f.a ksfhda.hg úreoaOj cd'fmd'fld' fj; wNshdpkh lsßfï whs;shwe;' tu ksfhda. ixfYdaOkh lsÍug úreoaOj cd'fmd'fld' fj; wNshdpk lsÍfïwhs;sh we;' tu ksfhda. ixfYdaOkh lsÍug" fjkia lsÍug fyda wj,x.= lsÍugn,h cd'fmd'fld' i;=j we;'75 cd'fmd' fldñifï ;SrKhka yd tlÕ fkdjkwhl=g mßmd,k úksYaph iNdj fj; wNshdpkd l< yelsh'76 mßmd,kuhmámdá iïmdokh we;=¿ fmd,sia mßmd,k lghq;=" fmd,sia fiajfha iajdëk;ajhyd ld¾hCIuNdjh jeä ÈhqKq lsÍu" cd;sl yd m<d;ano n, m%foaY i|ydwjYH wú wdhqO" fjä WKav yd hka;% iQ;%j, iajNdjh yd j¾.h ksYaph lsÍums<sn| ;SrK .ekSu o cd'fmd' fldñiug wh;a ld¾hka fõ'77

uyck meñKs,s Ndr.ekSug yd tajd .ek l%shd lsÍug o n,;, cd'fmd'fld'fj; ysñfõ' uyck meñKss,s Ndr .ekSug;a" tajd mßCIKhg Ndckh lsÍug;a"fmd,sia ks,Odßhl=g tfrysj fyda fmd,sia fiajhg tfrysj fyda w;Dma;hg m;awhf.a meñKs,s Ndrf.k mÍCIKhg Ndckh lsÍug wjYH mámdá kshu lsßutfyhska cd'fmd'fldñifï ld¾hNdrhls'78

4'4 cd'fmd'fld' fj; yd mßmd,kuh wNshdpkd úksYaph iNdj fj; wNshdpkd lsßu

29 jk j.ka;sh wkqj" cd'fmd'fld' úiska fok ,o kEu ksfhda.hla iïnkaOfhkaw;Dma;shg m;a fmd,sia ks,Odßhl=g 17 jk ixfYdaOkh hgf;a msysgqjk ,omßmd,kuh wNshdpk úksYaph iNdj fj; wNshdpkd l< yels fõ'79 2002jif¾ wxl 04 orK mßmd,kuh wNshdpk úksYaph iNd mk; wkqj" fuuiNdj wêlrK fiajd fldñiu úiska m;a lrk ,o idudðlhka ;sfofkl=f.kaiukaú; jk w;r" tu idudðlhka rcfha fiajfha jir 20 lg wêl m<mqreoaolawe;s wh fyda jir 10 l kS;s jD;a;suh m<mqreoaola we;s wh úh hq;=h'

74 155 Ô' j.ka;sh75 155 fla' j.ka;sh76 155 t,a j.ka;sh" mßmd,kuh úksYaph iNdj wêlrK fiajd fldñIka iNdj úiska m;a lrkq ,efí77 155 Ô' ^3& j.ka;sh78 155 ^2& j.ka;sh79 59 jk j.ka;sh

64

4'5 md¾,sfïka;=j fj; j.lsj hq;= ùu

tys n,;," rdcldß yd l%shdldß;ajh ms<sn|j md¾,sfïka;=j fj; j.lSugcd'fmd'fld' ne£ isáhs' ;u l%shdldß;ajhka iïnkaOfhka jd¾;djla wjqreÿ m;dmd¾,sfïka;=jg bÈßm;a lsÍug o th ne£ isáhs'80 uQ,sl whs;sjdislï iïnkaOfhkayer" wêlrK kvqlrj,ska fmdÿ úks¾uqla;shla ysñh'81

cd'fmd'fld' weu;sjrhl= hgf;a ;nd fkdue;s ksid" tu fldñiu md¾,sfïka;=jfj; j.lSug ne£ fkdue;s njg fndfyda úg úfõpk t,a, lrkq ,efí'^fldñiu weu;sjrhl= hgf;a fkdmj;sk fyhska" fmd,sisfha l%shdjka ms<sn|jmd¾,sfïka;=j fj; ksis j.lSula fkdue;s jkq we;'& fmd,sisfha l%shdkaú; rdcldßcd'fmd'fld' fj; mejß ;snqKs kï" fuu úfõpkh ;rula ÿrg idOdrK jkakgbv ;snqKs' tu ld¾hka we;a; jYfhkau fmd,siam;sjrhd fj; yd fmd,siaks,OdÍka fj; mejÍ we;' md¾,sfïka;=j fj; j.lSu úksYaph lrk ñkqïoKav jYfhka weu;sjrhl= yryd j.lSu Ndú;d l<fyd;a" lsisÿ wdh;khlgiajdëkj l%shdl< fkdyels ;;ajhla Wodjkq we;' md¾,sfïka;=fõ ia:djr ksfhda.j,úê úOdkj,g wkql+,j cd'fmd'fld' md¾,sfïka;=jg j.lsj hq;=h' ms<s;=re Èhhq;=h' cd'fmd'fld' wëCIKh lsÍu iy;sl lsÍu i|yd iajdëk fldñika iNdj,gwod<j lghq;= lrk ksYaÑ; md¾,sfïka;= ldrl iNdjla fkdue;s nj ie<lshhq;=h'

4'6 n,;, mejÍu

´kEu ;k;=rlg wh;a fmd,sia ks,OdÍka m;a lsÍu" Wiia lsÍu" ia:dk udrelsÍu" úkh md,kh lsÍu iy fiajfhka my lsÍu ms<sn| ;u n,;,"fmd,siam;sjrhd iu. idlÉcd lr" fmd,siam;sjrhd fj; fyda fjk;a fmd,siaks,Odßhl= fj; mejÍfï whs;sjdislu cd'fmd'fld' i;= fõ'82

4'7 m%:u cd;sl fmd,sia fldñifï id¾:l;ajh

4'7'1 foaYmd,k fya;+ka u; kshu lrk ,o ia:dkudre úYd, .Kkla wfydais lsÍu

foaYmd,kuh n,mEï u; isÿ flfrk ia:dk udre lsÍï fmd,sia fomd¾;fïka;=j;=< w;S;fha§ b;d iq,N úh' 2002 jif¾ foieïnrfha§ ia:dkudre ksfhda.60 la cd'fmd'fld' úiska m%;sfCIam lrk ,o nj jd¾;d fõ' fuu ia:dk udreksfhda. iyldr fmd,sia wêldÍka yd ia:dkNdr ks<Odßka iïnkaOfhka jQ w;r"tajd wNHka;r lghq;= Ndr weu;sjrhdf.a kshuh wkqj fmd,sia fomd¾;fïka;=j

80 155 (N) j.ka;sh81 155 (C) j.ka;sh82 155 (J) j.ka;sh

65

úiska ks¾foaY lr ;sìK'83 foaYmd,k fya;=ka u; kshu lrk ,o fuu ia:dkudre ksfhda. úYd, ixLHdjla m%;sfCIAm lsÍfï cd'fmd'fldñifï ks¾NS; l%shdjwe;a; jYfhkau w.h l< hq;= fõ'

4'7'2 Wiia lsÍï

2002 jif¾ fkdjeïnrfha§ cd'fmd'fld' msysgqjk ,o wjia:dfõ isgu tysrdcldß j,ska b;d úYd, fldgila Wiia lsÍï yd iïnkaO lghq;= jQ njidlÉPdj,§ rxð;a wfíiQßh uy;d fy<s lf<ah' tu lghq;=j,ska jeä fldgila"Bg fmr meje;s mßmd,k l%uh hgf;a WodiSk;dj fya;=fjka mqrmamdvqj ;snQm%Odk ;k;=re 4000 la Wiia lsÍï ud¾.fhka msrùu ms<sn|j úh'84

4'7'3 uyck meñKs,s iïnkaOfhka l%shd lsÍug hdka;%Khla

tf,iu" fmd,sishg úreoaOj ,efnk meñKs,s ms<sn| úê úOdk o l%shdjgmßj¾;kh lsÍu i|yd cd'fmd'fld' úiska iïnkaëlrK ldrl iNd 7 lamsysgqjk ,È' fïjdfha wruqK Èia;%sla uÜgfï§ uyck meñKs,s .ek jvd;aM,odhs mshjr .ekSuhs' fld<U yd .ïmy Èia;%slal ;=< msysá fmd,sia ia:dkj,yd fjk;a fmd,sia ld¾hd,j, fiajfha kshq;= fmd,sia ks,OdÍkaf.a rdcldßj,gwod<j hï meñKs,s fjf;d;a tajd bÈßm;a lrk f,ig uyckhd fj; b,a,Sulalrñka m%pdrl jHdmdrhla 2003 jif¾ cQ,s udifha§ Èh;a lrk ,È' fuum%pdrhg m%;spdr jYfhka f;i;shla ;=<§ meñKs,s 26 la uyckhdf.ka ,enqKqnj iema;eïn¾ udifha§ mj;ajk ,o mqj;am;a idlÉPdjl § cd'fmd'fld'iNdm;sjrhd wkdjrKh lf<ah' lsisÿ foaYmd,kuh fyda fjk;a mCI.%dyS;ajhlskaf;drj" mÍCIK meje;afjk nj o Tyq mejiqfõh'85

4'8 cd'fmd'fldñifï n,;, mejÍu (Delegation)

4'8'1 n,;, mjrd §ug wod< m%Yak yd j¾;udk ;;ajh

fmd,sia ks,Odßka m;a lsÍu" Wiia lsÍu" ia:dk udre lsÍu" úkh md,kh ydfiajfhka my lsÍu ms<sn| ;u n,;, fmd,siam;sjrhd fj; fyda" Tyq iu.idlÉPd lsÍfuka miq fjk;a fmd,sia ks,Odßhl= fj; fyda mjrd§fï whs;shcd'fmd'fldñiug ysñ fõ' 2003 ud¾;= 26 jk Èk orK fmd,siam;sjrhdf.a

83 ’fâ,s ñr¾¶ mqj;am; - 2002 foieïn¾ 24" ia:dkudre ,ehsia;=j ilia lrk ,oafoa iuyrweu;sjrekaf.a yd wdKavq mCIfha md¾,sfïka;= uka;%Sjrekaf.a b,a,Su mßÈh' óg wu;rj iuyr ia:dkudre ksfhda. lrk ,oafoa t'cd'm' " Y%S',x'uq'fld' " ,x'l'fld' iy ø'cd'ix' hk mCIj, b,a,Su wkqj njwNHka;r lghq;= Ndr wud;HdxYh m%ldY lf<ah'84 wdishdkq udkj ysñlï fldñiu - Y%S ,xld - fmd,Sisfha úkh md,kh iy;sl lsÍfï kj l%shd ms<sfj;ams<sn| i;=g m< fõ" 2004 wf.daia;= 25 Èk orK m%ldYh85 ’fâ,s ksjqia mqj;am;¶ - 2003 iema;eïn¾ 09

66

pl%f,aLhg wkql+,j" fmd,sia ks,OdÍkaf.a ia:dk udre ms<sn| ;u n,;,iuyrla fldñiu úiska fmd,siam;sjrhd fj; mjrd fok ,È' fuys m%;sM,hlajYfhka" fmd,sia fiajh ;=< ´kEu ;rd;srul ks,Odßhl= ia:dk udre lsÍfïn,h fmd,siam;sjrhd fj; ysñ fõ' tfia jqjo" .eiÜ lrk ,o fcHIaG fmd,siaks,OdÍkaf.a yd ia:dkNdr ks,OdÍkaf.a ia:dk udre cd'fmd'fld' iu. idlÉPdfldg l%shd;aul flfrkq we;' wfkla ia:dk udre idudkH kS;shla jYfhkafldñiu úiska wkqu; lrk ,o ia:dkudre l%uhg wkql+,j l< hq;= fõ'86

fufia n,;, mjrd§u lreKq lsysmhla hgf;a úfõpkhg Ndckh l< yelsh'm%Odk n,;, fjk;a whl= fj; mejf¾ kï" cd'fmd'fld' msysgqùfï mrud¾:hw¾: Y+kH jk nj m%:ufhka lsj yelsh' cd'fmd'fld' msysgqùfï m%Odk wruqKjQfha fmd,sisfha mßmd,kh fj; t,a, úh yels foaYmd,kuh n,mEï je<elaùfïmshjrla jYfhka fmd,siam;sjrhd fj; yd fcHIaG ks,OdÍka fj; ysñlïksYaÑ; n,;, Tjqka fj;ska bj;a lsÍuh' tfiajqj o" we;a;jYfhkau n,meje;afjk ;;ajh kï" 60"000 lg wêl ks,Odß ixLHdjlska iukaú; jQ cd;slfmd,sia fiajfha mßmd,k ld¾hka bgq lsÍfï yelshdjla cd'fmd'fld' fj; fkd;sîuh'

tfyhska ñka isÿ jkafka l,ska mej;s ;;ajhgu wdmiq .uka lsrSuls' tjeks;;ajhla hgf;a" mjrk ,o n,;, wh;a fmd,sia ks,OdÍka foaYmd,{hka i;=gqlsÍug ´kEu f,ilg l%shd lSÍu je<elaúh fkdyels ;;ajhla Wodjkq we;'87

tfiajqjo" m%Odk fmd,sia mÍCIl ;k;=rg by< ;k;=re orK fmd,sia ks,OdÍkaiïnkaOfhka" Bg by;§ lrk ,o n,;, mejÍfï 2003'07'30 Èk orK w;súfYaI .eiÜ m;%fha m%isoaO lrk ,o ksfhda.hla u.ska ksIam%N lr" tu n,;,m%Odk jYfhka" úY%dñl uydêlrK úksYaphldrjrhl=f.a m%Odk;ajfhka hqla;jQ ;%smqoa., lñgqjla fj; mjrd fok ,ÿj" fmd,siam;sjrhd fj; tu n,;,mejÍu iSud lrk ,È'

cd'fmd'fld' fj; ksis n,;, fmd,siam;sjrhd fj; mjrd§ug mCIj bÈßm;alrk ,o ;¾lh jQfha j¾;udk cd'fmd' fldñifï idudðlhka w;r úênoaO±kqula iys; mqoa.,hl= fkdisàuhs' jHjia:d uKav,fha úYajdih Èkd.;a úY%dñlfcHIaG fmd,sia ks,Odßhl= we;=<;a lsßu Bg jvd WÑ; jkq we;'88 jHjia:dms;ld¾hhka ksis f,i bgq lsÍug kï" cd'fmd' fldñifï yelshdj jvd;a m%n, l<hq;=fõ'

86 2003 ud¾;= 26 Èk yd wxl 1703$2003 orK pl% f,aLh - Wm f,aLkh" ^w& fþoh87 tâjâ .=Kj¾Ok - wmrdO wpdrO¾u ix.%yh iy fmd,sia fldñiu - ’whs,kaâ¶ mqj;am; - 2003cQks 2988 rxð;a wfíiQßh uhd - cd'fmd'fld' iNdm;s geiS fifkúr;ak uy;d úiska Wmqgd .kakd ,È' ’ikafâwhs,kaâ¶ mqj;am; 2003 wfma%,a 13

67

cd'fmd'fld' i;= n,;, wka wh fj; mjrd §u ms<sn|j lemS fmfkk ;j;am%Odk ,CIKhla kï" cd'fmd' fldñifï fyda tys ldrl iNdjl fyda ;SrKhlafj; n,mEï lsÍu ovqjï ,eìh yels jrola njg m%ldY lrk 155 t*a& fþohfmd,siam;sjrhd fj; fyda fjk;a fmd,sia ks,OdÍka fj; fyda wod< fkdùuh'fï ;;ajh hgf;a" wdKavq l%u jHjia:dfõ 17 jk ixfYdaOkh w¾:Y+kH njgm;a ù" foaYmd,kuh ueÈy;aùïj,g fodrgq iïmQ¾Kfhkau újD; fõ'

4'8'2 fmd,siam;sjrhd m;a lsÍu

fmd,sia fomd¾;fïka;=fõ m%Odkshd jk fmd,siam;sjrhd m;a lsÍfï ld¾hhiïnkaOfhka cd'fmd'fld' lsisÿ ld¾hla bgq fkdlrhs' fmd,siam;sjrhd m;a lrkq,nkafka jHjia:d uKav,fha ks¾foaYh wkqj ckdêm;sjrhd úisks'89 155 ^Ô&j.ka;sh wkqj" m;alsÍï" Wiialsßï" úkh md,kh yd fiajfhka my lsÍums<sn| ;u n,;, cd'fmd'fld' l%shd;aul l< hq;af;a fmd,siam;sjrhd wjxlNdjhiy;sl lr .ekSu i|yd Tyqf.a m;a lsÍu .ek cd'fmd'fld' yd iu. idlÉPdlsÍfï wjYH;dj meyeÈ,sj fmfka' tfy;a" fmd,siam;sjrhd m;a lsÍfï§ jHjia:duKav,hg cd'fmd'fld' iu. idlÉPd lsÍfuka lghq;= lsÍug 17 jk ixfYdaOkhu.ska úêúOdk fhdod fkd;sîu lK.dgqjg lreKls'

4'8'3 fjk;a iSudjka

4'8'3'1 l%shdkaú; fiajd ms<sn| iSudjka

fmd,sia fomd¾;fïka;=fõ l%shdkaú; lghq;= iïnkaOfhka cd'fmd' fldñiug lsisÿld¾hla bgq lsÍug fkdyels ùu ^foaYmd,k ueÈy;aùï& meyeÈ,sj fmfkkakg;sìh§;a yd l%shdkaú; rdcldßj,§ wl%ñl;d isÿjk njg fpdokd ;sìh§;a lemSfmfkk jHqyuh ÿn,;djhls' ish¿u wmrdO je<elaúu" fidhd .ekSu ydmÍCIKh fukau" 1979 wxl 15 orK wmrdO kvq úodk ix.%yh hgf;akS;sm;sjrhdf.a n,;,j,g hg;aj" tu wmrdO iïnkaOfhka wod< wêlrKhkayskvq mejÍu o fmd,Sisfha j.lSu fõ' fï wkqj" fmd,Sisfha l%shdkaú; n,;,meyeÈ,s f,i fjka lr" tajd fmd,siam;sjrhd fj; mjrd fokq ,en we;'

4'8'3'2 idCIslrejka le|ùfï n,;,

fmd,sia ks,OdÍkaf.a úkhdkql+, md,kh ms<sn|j l%shd lsÍug n,;, cd'fmd'fld'fj; we;' úkhdkql+, mÍCIK meje;aùfï n,h o tu n,;,j, fldgila njmeyeÈ,sh' tfiajqjo" fmd,sia fiajfhka ndysr idCIslrejka le|ùug fldñiugwjYH jqjfyd;a" tfia lsÍug ksYaÑ; kS;suh n,;, Bg ysñ fkdfõ' wod<,shlshú,s yd wjYH idCIslrejka le|ùfï n,;, fkdue;s ksid fldñifïúu¾Yk n,;, iSud ù we;'

89 wdKavql%u jHjia:dfõ 41 ^we& j.ka;sh

68

Y%S ,xldj ;=< ¥IKh yd foaYmd,kSlrKh jHdma; ùug tfrysj flfrkigfka fM;sydisl mshjrla f,i cd'fmd'fld' msysgqùu ie<lsh yelsh' fuufldñiu kS;sfha m%uqL;dj k.d isgqjhs' foaYmd,k w; fmùïj,g tfrysjmshjr .ekSfï mq¿,a n,;, fldñiu i;=j we;' uyck;djf.a wfmaCIdjka ì|±uQ wdh;ksl ÿ¾j,;d bj;a lsßfï yelshdj o Bg we;' wjYH uQ,sl mshjrf.k we;s fuu wjia:dfõ§" uyck úYajdih f.dvkef.k mßÈ j.lSfukahqla;j l%shd lsÍug cd'fmd'fld' iEu m%h;akhlau ±Íu b;d jeo.;ah'

4'9 cd;sl fmd,sia fldñifï ;;ajh ^2006 cQks&

cd'fmd'fld' msysgqùu iajdëk fmd,sia fiajhla we;s lsÍu i|yd .kakd ,o b;dum%.;YS,S mshjr fõ' tfy;a" fmd,sia fomd¾;fïka;=fõ mßmd,kh fmd,siam;sjrhdfj; NdrÈh hq;=h hk ;¾lh u;" lKsIaG fmd,sia ks,OdÍka úkdhdkql+, md,klghq;= fmd,siam;sjrhd fj; mjrd§ug .;a ;SrKh ksid" cd'fmd'fld' fj; ;enQwfmaCIdjka ì| jegqkq nj úpdrlfhda mji;s'

uyck meñK,s iïnkaOfhka" 2003 cQ,s olajd l%shd;aul jQ l%uh jQfha cd'fmd'fld'úiska meñKs,S Ndrf.k" tajd úu¾Ykh i|yd fmd,Sish fj; fhduq lsÍuhs'90

tfia jqjo" fmd,siam;sjrhd yereKq úg" wfkla ish¿u ;rd;srïj, fmd,siaks,Odßka iïnkaOfhka 17 jk ixfYdaOkh u.ska ksfhda. lrk ,o n,;,mejÍï 2004 jir ueo § cd'fmd'fld' úiska wj,x.= lrk ,È'91 fï ksidfmd,siam;sjrhdf.a n,;, iSud úh' tu fya;=j ksid fmd,siam;sjrhd yd cd'fmd'fld'w;r wukdmhla yg .;af;ah'

cd'fmd' fldñifï ks, ld,h 2005 fkdjeïnrfha§ wjika úh' idudðlhkaf;dard .ekSfï n,h ysñ jHjia:d uKav,h wl¾ukHj mej;Sfï fya;=fjkaw¨;a fldñiula jHjia:dkql+,j m;a fkdflßKs' cd'fmd' fldñiuo tf,i wl¾ukHj;sìh§ iEu ;k;=rla i|yd Wiia lsÍï úYd, ixLHdjla fmd,siam;sjrhd úiskalsisÿ jHjia:dodhl wêldÍ n,hla rys;j l%shd;aul lrk ,È' fmd,sish ;=<kej; jrla foaYmd,kShlrKh isÿjk njg iEu ;ekskau flreKq fpdaokduOHfha úfYaIfhkau ia:dkNdr ks,OdÍkaf.a ia:dkudre we;=¿ ia:dkudre úYd,ixLHdjla rg mqrdu l%shd;aul lrk ,È' 92

90 l%sId,s mskafgda chj¾Ok - Y%S ,xldfõ cd;sl fmd,sia fldñiu ( iaj¾Kuh wjia:djla wmf;a yßhs'Commonwealth Human Rights Initiative – Newsletter, Volume 12 Number 4, New Delhi, Winter 200591 kS;sh yd iudc moku" wdishd udkj ysñlï fldñiu yd jOysxidj,g tfrys c.;a ixúOdkhtaldnoaOj ixúOdkh l< idlÉPdjl§ cd'fmd'fld' iNdm;s ckdêm;s kS;s{ rxð;a wfíiQßh uhd úiskafï nj wf.daia;= 20 jk od m%ldYhg m;a lrk ,È'92 fuu ia:dk udre iuyrla ßÜ wd{d wheÿïj,§ wNshdpkdêlrKh úiska w;aysgqjk ,È'

69

17 jk ixfYdaOkfha mrud¾:hg iïmQ¾Kfhkau msgqmd l%shd lrñka uyskaordcmCI ckdêm;s;=ud cd'fmd' fldñifï idudðlhka m;a lsÍu wjdikdjka;isÿùula f,i ie<lsh hq;=h' fuu m;aùï lrk ,oafoa iEu ;ekskau t,a, jQúfrdaOhka yd fy<d ±lSï uOHfhah' cd'fmd'fld' idudðlhka ckdêm;sjrhdf.afia lsisÿ mdroDYHNdjhlska f;drj m;a lrk ,o njg fpdaokd t,a, úh'fmd,sia fiajh foaYmd,k{hkaf.a .%yKfhka uqod .ekSfï wdKavql%u jHjia:dfõb,lalh fj; cd'fmd'fldñiug ,Õd úh yels±hs úYd, m%Yakhls'

4'10 cd'fmd'fld' ms<sn|j fmd,sia ks,OdÍkaf.a yd uyckhdf.a woyi

2002 jir wjidkfha§ muK l%shdldß;ajhg meñKs cd'fmd'fldñifïwmCImd;sNdjh ms<sn| fmd,sia ks,OdÍkaf.aa woyia we.ehSu i|yd" cd;slfmd,sia fldñiu wmCImd;S fõ" hk m%ldYhg Tjqka tlÕ fj;ao" ke;fyd;atlÕ fkdfj;a±hs 2005 jir wdrïNfha§ úuik ,È'93 iuia;hla jYfhka .;al<" cd'fmd'fld' wmCImd;S f,i l%shd lrk nj 44'8] la m%;sfCIAm l<y' 21]la tu woyig ;rula úreoaO jQ w;r" 23'8] la Bg ;Èkau úreoaO jQy'cd'fmd'fld' wmCImd;S nj 25'7] la ;rula ÿrg ms<s.;a w;r" 10'1] la muKlafndfyda ÿrg ms<s .;ay' ^my; i|yka j.=j n,kak& flfia jqjo" ta jk úgcd'fmd'fld' jir ;=kl ld,hla muKla l%shd;aulj ;snQ nj;a" tjeks iSñ;ld,hla ;=<§ 1972 ;rï wE; ld,hl isg rcfha fiajh ;=< uq,anei ;snQfoaYmd,kuh ms<sldj uq,skqmqgd ±óu ÿIalr nj;a" isys ;nd .; hq;=fõ' my;i|yka we.ehSï foi ne,sh hq;af;a tu moku isys ;nd .ksñks'

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

10.1

25.7

7.9

21

Strongly

Agree

Somewhat

Agree

Neither

Agree nor

disagree

Somewhat

Disagree

The National Police Commission is impartial. To what

extent do you agree with this ?

%

23.8

11.4

Strongly

Disagree

No Response

’cd'fmd' fldñiu wmCImd;S f,i l%shd lrhs¶' Tnfldf;la ÿrg fuu m%ldYhg tlÕ jkafkao

ms<s;=reke;

m%n, f,iúreoaOfjñ

;rulaúreoaO fjñ

tlÕjkafkaj;atlÕ

fkdjkafkaj;ake;

m%n, f,itlÕ fjñ

;rula ÿrgtlÕ fjñ

93 fiajfha isák ks,OdÍka 770 la wyUq f,i f;dard iïuqL idlÉPd meje;aùfuka 2005 fmnrjdß 05isg 08 Èk olajd;a" fmnrjdß 10 isg ud¾;= 03 olajd;a ’fidaI,a bkaäflag¾¶ wdh;kh úiska’g%dkaiafmarkais bkagkeIk,a wdh;kh¶ fjkqfjka mj;ajk ,o iemehqïldr ióCIKh'

70

úúO ;k;=re wkqj ne¨jfyd;a" fmd,sia mÍCIljrekaf.ka 58'7] la yd m%Odkfmd,sia mÍCIljreka 50] la cd'fmd' fldñiu wmCImd;S nj ms<s .kakd w;r"ierhkajre 54'5] la yd fldia;dm,ajre 53'7] la tu woyi m%;sfCIam lr;s'94

iïuqL idlÉPdjg iyNd.S jQ ks,Odßkaf.ka 6'8] la mjikafka cd'fmd' fldñifïid¾:lNdjh ms<sn|j Tjqka fndfydaÿrg ;Dma;su;a njhs' 33] la mejiqfõ Tjqka;rula ÿrg ;Dma;su;a njhs' wfkla w;g" ;uka b;du w;Dma;su;a nj 24'2] lamejiQ w;r" ;uka ;rula w;Dma;su;a nj 24'7] la mejiQy'95

0

25

50

75

100

125

53.7 46.7 38.7 46.9

PC SI IP

The National Police Commission is impartial. To what extent doyou agree with this ? - By Rank

10.510.9

35.8 23.3 44.9 58.7 50

Satisfied

Nether Satisfied nor

dissatisfied

Dissatified

54.5

8.42.7

3.1

Sergeant CI

’cd'fmd'fld' wmCImd;S fõ¶ fldf;la ÿrg Tnfuu m%ldYhg tlÕjkafkao@ ;k;=re wkqj

m%'fmd'm'fmd'm'ierhkafmd'fld' W'fmd'm'

iEySulg m;aj we;

iEySulg m;a ù fyda

l<lsÍ fkdue;

l<lsÍ we;

0

10

20

30

40

50

6.8

33

11.3

24.7


NeitherSatisfied or

Dissatisfied


How satisfied are you with the effectiveness of the National Police Department

% 24.2

Very Dissatisfied

cd'fmd' fldñifï id¾:lNdjh ms<sn|j Tnfldf;la ÿrg iEySug m;a jkafkao@

;rulafkdiEySulgm;a fjñ




;rulaiEySulgm;a fjñ

94 -95 fiajfha isák ks,OdÍka 770 la wyUq f,i f;dard iïuqL idlÉPd meje;aùfuka 2005 fmnrjdß 05 isg08 Èk olajd;a" fmnrjdß 10 isg ud¾;= 03 olajd;a ’fidaI,a bkaäflag¾¶ wdh;kh úiska ’g%dkaiafmarkaisbkagkeIk,a wdh;kh¶ fjkqfjka mj;ajk ,o iemehqïldr ióCIKh

71

jvd fcHIaG ;k;=re orK wh" tkï" fmd'm' yd m%'fmd'm' cd;sl fmd,siafldñifï id¾:lNdjh$l%shdldß;ajh ms<sn|j jeä iEySug ^ms<sfj<ska 58'1] yd48'5]& m;aj we;s w;r" fldia;dm,ajre' ierhkajre yd Wm fmd,sia mÍCIljrejeä wm%idohla ^ms<sfj,ska 50'7]" 51'9]" 53'7]& olaj;s'

cd;sl fmd,sia fldñiula ;sfnk njg uyckhd w;r ±kqu b;d wvq nj uyckwdl,am ióCIK m%;sM,j,ska fmfka'

ióCIKh meje;ajQ ld,fha§ ^2006 ud¾;=& cd'fmd'fld' l%shd;aulj fkdmej;=Kqkuq;a" tu fldñiu .ek Tjqka wid ;snqfKa±hs uyckhdf.ka úuik ,È'nyq;rhla ^49'1]& fldñiu .ek wid ;snQ kuq;a" iEfyk ixLHdjla ^37'8]& ta.ek wid fkd;snQ nj mejiQy' ^my; j.=j n,kak&96

’

cd'fmd' fldñifï id¾:lNdjh ms<sn|j Tnfldf;la ÿrg iEySug m;a jkafkao@

fkdiEySug m;ajQ wh

iEySug fydafkdiEySug m;a jQwh

iEysug m;a jQ wh

m%'fmd'm'fmd'm'ierhkafmd'fld' W''fmd'm'

96 uyck wdl,am ióCIKh 2006 fmnrjdß 14 yd ud¾;= 06 w;r ld,h ;=< wyUq f,i f;dard.;amqoa.,hka 1400 l iyNd.s;ajfhka mj;ajk ,È' fï i|yd" úfYaI{ lKavdhula úiska ilia lrk ,om%Yakdj,sh Ndú;d lrñka iïuqL idlÉPd mj;ajk ,È'

72


fkdoksñ$lsjfkdyel

iïmQ¾Kfhkauwid¾:lhs

;rulawid¾:lhs

;rulaid¾:lhs

b;did¾:lhs

cd;sl fmd,sia fldñiu .ek Tn wid ;sfío@

ke; fkdoksñ$iaÓr f,i

lsj fkdyelTõ

cd;sl fmd,sia fldñiu .ek wid ;snQ whf.ka tys id¾:lNdjh ms<sn|jTjqkaf.a woyia úuik ,È' ’fmd,sia ks,OdÍkaf.a rdcldÍ ìfhka f;drj ydwmCImd;Sj bgq lsÍug Tjqkg iydh ùfï¶ fldñifï wruqK uqÿkam;a lr.ekSug fldñiu fldf;la ÿrg id¾:l ù we;a±hs úuik ,È' 33'5] l woyijQfha tys wruqKq bgqlr .ekSfï§ fldñiu id¾:l ù we;s njhs' fldñiug tyswruqKq bgq lsÍug fkdyels jQ nj 31'5] la úYajdi lr;s'97

Tfí woyi wkqj" cd;sl fmd,sia fldñiu tys wruqKq bgq lr.ekSfïoS fldf;la ÿrg id¾:l ù we;ao@

74

5 fmd,sisfha ld¾hhka iy fmd,sia ¥IKh - jHjia:dms; wdlD;sh

fmd,sisfha j.lSï m%Odk jYfhka i|yka lr ;sfnkafka 1865 fmd,sia wd{dmKf;ah'98 fï yereKq úg" fmd,sish fj; n,h mjrd fok yd fmd,sish fj;j.lSï kshu lrk fjk;a jHjia:d .Kkdjla o we;' fmd,sia ld¾hka ydfmd,sia ¥IKh iïnkaOfhka wod< jeo.;a jHjia:d lsysmhla my; i|yka fõ'

5'1 1865 wxl 16 orK fmd,sia wd{d mk;

fmd,sia fiajfha hq;=lï yd j.lSï m%Odk jYfhka kshu lrk ,oafoa fmd,siawd{d mkf;a 56 isg 80 olajd j.ka;s u.sks' fuu j.ka;s wkqj" wd{d mkf;amrud¾:hkag wod<j iEu fmd,sia ks,Odßhl=u ksr;=reju fiajfha fh§ isákf,ig;a" Y%S ,xldfõ iEu fldgila ;=<u fmd,sia ks,OdÍ n,;, i;=jk f,ig;ai<lkq ,efí'

fmd,sia ks,OdÍkaf.a m%Odk rdcldÍ lghq;= wd{d mkf;a i|yka fõ' ta wkqj"’ish¿u wmrdO¶ jerÈ yd fmdÿck lror je<elaùug" iduh wdrCId lsÍug"l,n, we;s lrk yd iel lghq;= mqoa.,hka w;a wvx.=jg .ekSug" kS;sh lvlrk whj¨ka fidhd w;awvx.=jg .ekSug" fmdÿ iduhg ndOd jk foa .ekf;dr;=re fidhd tajd okajd isàug" iy ksis n,OdÍka úiska ;uka fj; kS;Hdkql+,jksl=;a lr fhduq flfrk ksfhda. yd jfrka;= l%shd;aul lsÍug ;u Wmßum%h;akh yd yelshdj fh§u iEu fmd,sia ks,Odßhl=f.au hq;=lu jkafkah'99

wmrdO je<elaùfuka yd iduldónj wdrCId lsÍfuka kS;sh yd iduh mj;ajd.ekSu fmd,sia ks,OdÍhl=f.a m%Odku hq;=lu nj taksid meyeÈ,s fõ' fukhskai<ld n,k úg" fmd,sia fiajdfõ id¾:lNdjh yd fmd,Sish ;=< ;sìh yels¥IK lghq;= wOHhkh lsÍfï§ by; i|yka fmd,sia ld¾hka isysfha ;nd .;hq;=h' fmd,sia fiajh msysgqùfï§ jHjia:d iïmdolfhda by; i|yka wruqKqfmd,Sisfhka bgq úh hq;= njg wfmaCId l<y'

’fkdie<ls,a, yd wmfhdackh je<elaùug;a' tys hq;=lï bgq lsÍfï§ fmd,Sishld¾hCIu lsÍug;a hf:daÑ; f,i Tyqg yefÕk" kS;s iïmdokh lsÍfï n,h55 jk j.ka;sh fmd,siam;sjrhd fj; m%odkh lrhs' tu j.ka;shg wkqj" tukS;s fyda fr.=,dis fkdi,ld yßk fyda W,aa,x>kh lrk fyda fuu kS;sh u.skafyda fjk;a kS;shla u.ska Tyq kshu flfrk hï rdcldßhla fkdi<ld yßkfyda meyer yßk iEu fmd,sia ks,Odßfhlau tu jrog jrolre fõ'

98 1865 wxl 16 ^ixfYdaê;&99 j.ka;s 56 ^w& - ^B&

75

rdcldß lv lsÍulg fyda fr.=,dis fyda kS;Hdkql+, ksfhda. is;du;d lvlsÍulg fyda w;miq lsÍulg jerÈlre jk kEu fmd,sia ks,Odßhl= oKavkhlgiy$fyda isr ovqjulg Ndckh l< yels nj wd{d mkf;a 82 jk j.ka;shi|yka lrhs'

tu j.ka;sh my; i|yka fmd,sia ks,Odßyq o tjeksu oKavkhlg iy$fyda isrovqjulg hg;a fj;s'

1' wjir fkd,nd fyda fuu kS;sfha i|yka f,i fouil ±kqï §ulska f;drj;u ks,fha rdcldß bgq lsßu kj;ajk wfhla"

2' ;u fmd,sia rdcldß j,g wu;rj" wjir fkd,nd fjk;a /lshdjl kshqla;jk wfhla"100

3' wêlrKfha kvqjl§ i;H jika lsrSug jerÈlre jk mqoa.,fhla fyda4' oafõYiy.;j yd ksis fya;=jla rys;j hï mqoa.,hl=g tfrysj wi;H"

mSvdldrS fyda ksiaidr fpdaokd fyda f;dr;=re t,a, lrk fyda ±k ±ku" ÿIaGfÉ;kdjla iys;j ;u n,;, blaujd l%shd lrk wfhla"

5' idjoH fkdie,ls,su;a f,i ;u hq;=lï meyer yßñka /|jqï jfrkaa;=jlafkdue;sj hï mqoa.,hl= w;a wvx.=fõ ;ndf.k fuys by; i|yka mßÈ tumqoa.,hd ufyaia;%d;ajrhl= fj; bÈßm;a fkdlsÍu ms<sn|j jrog m;a lrk,o wfhla"

6' ;u w;awvx.=fõ isák mqoa.,hl=yg fíÍ m,d hdug bv ÿka wfhla"7' ;u w;awvx.=fõ miqjk hï mqoa.,hl= yg whq;=f,i mqoa.,sl ysxidjka

isÿl< wfhla 101

5'2 1978 fojk ckrc wdKavql%u jHjia:dj

ck;djf.a uQ,sl whs;sjdislï ks.ukh lrk Y%s ,xld wdKavql%u jHjia:dfõf;jk mßÉfþoh ksielfhkau fmd,sishg wod< fõ' YdÍßl jOysxidj,skaksoyiaj isàfï whs;sh" wka;fkdau;sl f,i isrNdrhg .ekSfuka" r|jd .kq,eîfuka yd ovqjïj,ska ksoyiaj isàfï whs;sh hkd§ uQ,sl whs;sjdislïW,a,x>khka fyda iuQmiaÓ; W,a,x>khka iïnkaOfhka fY%aIaGdêlrKh fj;wheÿï lsÍfï ysñlu wdKavql%u jHjia:dfõ 17 jk yd 126 jk j.ka;s iEumqoa.,hl=u fj; m%odkh lrhs' fuu uQ,sl whs;sjdislï i|yka lr ;sfnk ksidfmd,sia n,;, wmfhdackh lsÍu we;a; jYfhkau iSud fõ' fukhska i<ldn,k úg" uQ,sl whs;sjdislï m%ldY lr" tajd n,d;aul lrk hdka;%Khla oimhk wdKavql%u jHjia:dfõ f;jk mßÉfþoh fmd,sia ¥IKj,g yd fmd,sian,;, wmfhÿug ksj¾;lhka f,i l%shd lrhs'

100 j.ka;s 82 ^wd& ^1& iy ^2&101 j.ka;s 82 ^we&-^W!&

76

5'3 1974 wxl 11 orK w,a,ia mk;

w,a,ia l%shd je<elaùu i|yd yd w,a,ia l%shdj,g ovqjï §u i|yd wjYH úêúOdk w,a,ia mkf;a wvx.= fõ' w,a,ia mk; yd wdKavql%u jHjia:dj w;r fydatu mk; yd fjk;a kEu ,sÅ; kS;shla w;r wix.;;djla mj;sk wjia:dj,§w,a,ia mk; tajd wNsnjd ms<s.; hq;= nj w,a,ia mkf;a 2 jk j.ka;sh kshulrhs' fï wkqj" rfÜ fjk;a ´kEu ,sÅ; kS;shla u.ska meñKsh yels ndOdjlafkdue;sj ish¿u w,a,ia fpdaokd ms<sn| mÍCIK fufyhùug yd meje;aùugn,h w,a,ia flduidßia fj; ysñ fõ' tfy;a" md¾,sfïka;= uka;S%jreka ydwêlrK ks,Odßka iïnkaOfhka Tyqf.a n,;, ;rula iSud fõ'102

fmd,sia ks,Odßka wdY%s; w,a,ia yd ¥IK .ek fuu mk; úfYaI wjOdkh fhduqlrhs' 16 jk fþoh fufia kshu lrhs' ^w& ´kEu fmd,sia ks,Odßhl=g iduks,Odßhl=g fyda jro lrk whg kvq mejßug fyda jro lrk wh fidhdovqjï meñKùug fiajfha fh§ isák fjk;a ´kEu rcfha fiajlhl=g fydaWidúfha ks,Odßhl=g hqla;sh ksis f,i mis|,Su tu ks,Odßhd fyda fiajlhd ,jdndOd lsßug fyda hï jrola isÿ lsÍug fyda th isÿ lsÍu myiq lsÍug fyda hïwmrdOhlska wdrCIdj ,nd .ekSug fyda jrola isÿ lrkakd kS;shg yiq lsÍug ydovqjï §fuka wdrCId lsÍug fyda Tyqf.a ks,fha n,;, hï mqoa.,hl= ygysxidjla fyda w.;shla isÿ lsÍfï woyiska wmfhdackh lsÍug leue;s lrjd.ekSug hï mdßf;daIs;hla msßkukakdjQ wd& by; i|yka j¾.hg wh;a ks,Odßhl=fyda fiajlhl= jYfhka fiajfha fh§ isáñka" by; w& ys i|yka ndOd lsÍula" isÿlsÍula" myiq lsÍula" wdrCIdjla fyda ,nd .kakd fyda mqoa.,fhla" 10 jirlgfkdwvq nrm;< jev iys; isr ovqjula yd re' 5000 g fkdjeä ovhlg Ndckhl< yels jrolg jrolre fõ'

;jo" by; i|yka ks,Odßhl=f.a fiajlhl= foam,la w;am;alrf.k ;sfíkï"tu foam, Tyqf.a m%ldYs; wdodhñka ,nd.; fkdyels kï" túg" tu foam,w,a,ia ud¾.fhka w;am;alr.;a njg úksYaph lsÍug w,a,ia mk; bv fohs'tu foam, w,a,iaj,ska ,nd fkd.;a nj ikd: lsÍfï Ndrh tu ks,Odßhd fj;mejf¾'103 fuf,i w,a,i Wml,amkh lsÍfuka ^tfia fkdjk nj ikd: lrk;=re& iy th w,a,ia u.ska ,nd.;a foam,la fkdjk nj ikd:lsÍu pQÈ;hdf.aj.lSu lr ;sîfuka fmkS hkafka w,a,ia je<elaùug b;d ±ä mshjr f.k;sfnk njhs'

fmd,sia fiajh ;=< w,a,ia yd ¥IKh o b;d ±ä f,i ie<eflk nj meyeÈ,sh'fmd,sia ks,OdÍka úiska w,a,ia ,nd .ekSu i|yd;a" w,a,ia §ug ;e;a lsßui|yd;a b;d ±ä ovqjï kshu lr we;'

102 j.ka;s 3^1&103 j.ka;s 23 w ^1&

77

5'4 1975 wxl 1 orK j;alï yd nerlï m%ldY lsÍfï wd{d mk;

fuu wd{d mk; hgf;a hï hï mqoa.,hkayg Y%S ,xldj ;=< yd bka msg; ;uj;alï yd nerlï l,ska l,g m%ldY lsÍu wksjd¾h fõ' fuu kS;shg hg;a jkmqoa.,hkag tfrysj hï meñKs,s ,enqkfyd;a" wod< wêldÍka yg tu j;alïnerlï m%ldY úu¾Yk i|yd m%fhdackj;a fõ'104 fuu wd{d mkf;a úê úOdkckdêm;sjrhd úiska m;a flfrk úksYaphlrejkag yd rcfha ks,OdÍkag" wud;HuKav,h úiska m;a flfrk rcfha ks,OdÍkag" wêlrK fiajd fldñiu úiskam;a flfrk wêlrK ks,OdÍkag iy wud;HdxYj, yd rcfha fomd¾;fïka;=j,udKav,sl ks,OdÍkag wod< fõ" hhs mkf;a 2^1& fþofha i|ykaa fõ' tfyhskafmd,sia ks,OdrSkago tu fþoh wod< fõ' fuu kS;sh hg;g .efkk iEumqoa.,fhlau ;udf.a;a" ;u ìß|f.a$iajdñmqreIhdf.a yd orejkaf.a j;alï ydnerlï m%ldYhg m;a l< hq;= fõ'105

5'5 w,a,ia fyda ¥IK fpdaokd úu¾Ykh lsÍu i|yd iajdëk fldñiu - 1994

wxl 19 orK wd{d mk;

fuu wd{d mk; wkqj fldñiu idudðlhka ;sfofkl=f.ka iukaú; úh hq;=fõ' Tjqkaf.ka fofofkla fY%AIaGdêlrKfha fyda wNshdpkdêlrKfha úY%dñlúksYaphldrjreka úh hq;= w;r" wfkla idudðlhd wmrdO úu¾Ykh yd kS;sn,d;aul lsÍu ms<sn| mq¿,a m<mqreoaola we;s mqoa.,hl= úh hq;=h'

wud;HdxY" fomd¾;fïka;=" jHjia:dms; wêldÍ uKav," m<d;a md,k wdh;kjeks ish¿u rcfha wdh;k yd rcfha fiajlfhda o fuu fldñifï úIhmd;%;djg hg;a fj;s' 1994 foieïn¾ 15 jk od fldñiu jevlghq;= wdrïNlf<ah'

fuu fldñiu j.lsj hq;af;a md¾,sfïka;=jg muKs' fldñifï idudðlhl= bj;al< yelafla ikd: lrk ,o úIudpdrhla fyda fkdyelshdj hk fya;=ka u;md¾,sfïka;=fõ ks¾foaYhlska miq ckdêm;sjrhd úiska ksl=;a flfrk ksfhda.hlskamuKls' fldñifï idudðlhka ;sfokdf.ka tla wfhla iNdm;s f,i l%shd lrkqwe;'

w,a,ia l%shd yd ¥IK je<elaùu i|yd uyck iyfhda.h f.dvke.Su iy wod<wêlrKhkays kvq mjrk mqoa.,hka wêfpdaokd lsÍu fldñifï ld¾hkagwe;=<;a fõ' is;du;du wjq,a iy.; lrk ,o .Kqfokq .sKqï úi£u msKsi yd¥IK ud¾.fhka w;am;alrf.k iÕjd ;sfnk j;alï y÷kd.ekSu msKsi nexl=.sKqï mßCId lsÍug yd jdKscHuh yd mqoa.,sl ,smsf,aLk fidaÈis lsßug n,h

104 1975 wxl 1 mkf;a m%ia:djkdj105 1975 wxl 1 mkf;a3 ^1& fþoh

78

fldñiu fj; fuu wd{d mk;ska m%odkh flf¾' iellrejka w;awvx.=jg.ekSug" r|jd ;nd .ekSug yd wem u; uqod yeÍug n,m;% rys;j r|jd ;nd.ekSug iy Widú ksfhda.hla u.ska .uka n,m;% mß.%yKh lsÍug fydaiellrejl=f.a foam, m%;sndOkh lsÍug n,h o Bg we;'

hï mqoa.,hl= úiska w,a,ia mk; hgf;a fyda j;alï yd nerlï m%ldY lsÍfïkS;sh hgf;a hï jrola l< njla úu¾Ykfhka wk;=rej fldñiug yeÕ=fkd;a"fldñifï wjirh we;sj" ufyaia;%d;a Widúfha§ fyda uydêlrKfha§ wêfpdaokdlghq;= wdrïN lrkq ,efí'106

5'6 1883 wxl 2 orK oKav kS;s ix.%yh ^ixfYdaê;&

’´kEu mqoa.,hl= úiska ;uka fjkqfjka fyda fjk;a whl= fjkqfjka hï ks,rdcldßhla bgq lsßu i|yd fyda bgq lsÍfuka je<lSu i|yd fyda ks, rdcldßbgq lsÍfï§ hï mqoa.,hl= fj; Wmldrhla fyda wm%idohla we;s lsÍu i|ydfyda lsÍfuka je<lS isàu i|yd fyda" hï mqoa.,hl=g fiajhla fyda wjevlalsÍu i|yd fyda lsÍug W;aidy lsÍu i|yd wNsfm%arKhla jYfhka fyda ;s<sKhlajYfhka fyda kS;Hdkql+, mdßY%ñlh yereKq úg fjk;a mdßf;dais;hla rcfhafiajlhl= úiska ms<s.ekSu" ,nd .ekSu" ms<s .ekSug fyda ,nd .ekSug tlÕùu¶oKav kS;s ix.%yh hgf;a jrola fõ'107

tfyhska" oKav kS;s ix.%yfha úê úOdk wkqj" fmd,sia ¥IKhg tfrysj kvqmejßh yels nj b;d meyeÈ,sh'

106 www.icac.org.lk w,a,ia ¥IK yd fpdaokd úu¾Yk Y%S ,xld fldñiu - úksiqre mS'tÿiQßh107 j.ka;s 158

80

6 fmd,sia fiajh msßyS we;s njg fmdÿ ckhd

w;r we;s u;h

g%dkaiafmarkais bkagkeIk,a wdh;kh úiska mj;ajk ,o ióCIKhl§ wkdjrKhjQ mßÈ iuia; wmrdO hqla;s moaO;sfhau ld¾hCIu;dj ms<sn|j iEfyk w;Dma;shlaolakg we;'108 wmrdO hqla;s moaO;sfha id¾:lNdjh .ek wm%idoh m< lrkwhj¨kaf.ka 70'4] la mjikafka fuu ;;ajhg fmd,sish j.lsj hq;= njhs'109

tfia jqjo" wmrdO hqla;sl moaO;sfha wid¾:l;ajh" kS;sh yd iduh mj;ajd.ekSu yd rfÜ iuia; jYfhka mj;sk wkdrCIs; yeÕSu hkd§ m%Yakhkaßla;lhla ;=< isáñka ;SrKh fkdl< hq;= nj isys ;nd .ekSu jeo.;ah'ish¨u fmdÿck u;hka mßisoaêh jYfhka i;H fkdjk nj yd tu wkqfndaOhkafndfydaúg ikaksfõok udOHhkaf.a n,mEu u; yev .efik nj isys;nd .ekSub;d jeo.;ah' fï yereKq úg" fmd,sish iu. iïnkaO;d mj;ajd ;sfnkwhf.ka fndfyda fokdf.a fmd,Sish ms<sn| w;a±lSï u;=msgg muKla iSud jQw;a±lSï muKls' fmd,sish ms<sn|j fmdÿck we.ehSï idl,Hjd§ mokula u;fkdj" fmd,sisfhka Tjqka ,nd .ekSug wfmaCId lrk fiajdjka u; muKlamokï jQ we.ehSïh'

fmd,sia fiajfha msßySu ms<sn|j idlÉPd lsßug fmr" rfÜ fndfyda wmrdOj,gwod, i;H ;;ajh i<ld ne,Su jeo.;ah' miq.sh oYlh ;=< isÿ lrk ,owmrdO fndfydauhla w;s ìysisKq tajd jQ fya;=fjka rg ;=< buy;a wdkafoda,khlatajd u.ska mek ke.=Ks' ;jo tu n, wmrdO fndfydauhla isÿ lrk ,oafoa ;%súOyuqodj,ska m,d.sh wh úisks' fndfyda j¾;udk wmrdOlrejkag fmd,sish fj;fkdue;s w;s kQ;k wê ;dCIKsl wú wdhqO yd WmlrK we;' tfyhska w;S;wmrdOj,g jvd j¾;udkfha isÿflfrk wmrdO kQ;k ,CIK fmkajhs' ta ksid"fmd,sia ks,OdÍkayg wê ;dCIK mqyqKqjla ,nd Èh hq;=hs u;hla mj;S'' wmrdOfCI;%h ;=< isÿjk fuu fjkialïj, tla m%;sM,hla kï" fmd,sish yuqodlrKShùuhs' tys m%;sM,hla jYfhka m%cd iïnkaO;d ì| jeà wmrdO wkqmd;slh by<hhs' fuf,iska m%Yakfha iajNdjh pl%Sh fõ' fuu úIu pl%h ì£ug kï" fmd,siafomd¾;fïka;=jg b;d ±ä w;=reld,Sk mshjr .ekSug isÿ fõ' ;jo" wd¾ÓlÿIalr;d W;aikak ùu" È<s÷lu yd mßfNdackjdoh o wmrdO jeäùug fya;= ùwe;' fï w;r" kd.ßl È<s÷ ck;djf.a mqkre;a;dmkh i|yd fjka lr we;sm%foaY wmrdO yd iudc úfrdaë l%shdldß;ajhka i|yd lÈu f;da;ekakla njgm;aj we;'110 fï miqìu hgf;a" wmrdO je<elaùu iïnkaOfhka fmd,Sish wid¾:lù we;s njg wkqfndaOhla fmdÿ ckhd w;r me;sÍ ;sfí'

108 ióCIK ksheÈfhka 50] lg wvq ixLHdjl yeÕSu jQfha wmrdO hqla;sl moaO;sh id¾:l njhs'- uyck wdl,am ióCIK n,kak109 uyck wdl,am ióCIKh110 uydpd¾h fyÜáf." wxY m%OdkS” iudc úoHd fomd¾;fïka;=j" fld<U úYaj úoHd,h

81

fmd,sish ;=< msßySula olakg ,efnk úúO fCI;% fuu mßÉfþoh u.ska i<ldnef,a' wmrdO yd uyck mSvdjka je<elaùu" iduh wdrCId lsÍu" l,n,ldÍ ydiel lghq;= mqoa.,hka w;awvx.=jg .ekSu" wmrdO .ek fidhd ne,Su ydwmrdOlrejka kS;sh bÈßhg meñKùu" fmdÿ iduhg ndOdjla úh yels hula.ek f;dr;=re ,eî we;s úg tajd okajd isàu yd ksis n,Odßhl= úiska ksl=;alrk ,o ksfhda. ls%hd;aul lsßu fmd,sisfha rdcldßj,g wh;a fõ'111 wmrdOje<elaùu" kS;sh yd iduh wdrCId lsßu iy wmrdO úu¾Ykh w;r fjkila±lSug W;aidy lsÍu yqÿ lD;%suh fjkila we;s lsÍula jkq we;' ulaksidoh;a"tla ld¾hhl id¾:l;ajh fyda wid¾:l;ajh wfkla ld¾hhkays id¾:l;ajhfyda wid¾:l;ajh yd iu. w;Hka;fhkau ne£ mj;S' tfia jqjo meyeÈ,sNdjhwdrCId lsÍfï wjYH;dj fya;=fldgf.k ta ta ld¾hhka fuu mßÉfþofha§fjk fjku i<ld nef,a' ^moaO;sh ÿ¾j,;d 8 jk mßÉfþofha§ o" w,a,ia yd¥IKh" tys m%;sM,h yd Bg tfrysj .efk mshjr 9 jk mßÉfþofha§o i<ldnef,a&

6'1 wmrdO je<elaùu

’rg ;=< kS;sh yd iduh wdrCId lsßu¶ ’udkj ysñlï wdrCId lsÍu¶ ’wmrdOje<elaùu¶ yd ’uyd ud¾. u; wdrCIdj¶ hk fCI;%hka iïnkaOfhka fmd,sial%shdldß;ajh ms<sn| ;u ;Dma;s m%udKh olajd isák f,i uyckhdf.ka wheoisá wjia:dfõ§" Tjqka jvd;au l<lsÍug m;aj we;af;a wmrdO je<elaùu ms<sn|fmd,sisfha l%shdldß;ajh .ek nj Tjqyq m%ldY l<y'112 Y%S ,xldj ;=< wNHka;rwdrCIK ;;ajh i;=gqodhl fkdjk nj ióCIKhg yjq,a jQ fmd,sia ks,OdÍkaf.ao woyi úh' Y%S ,xldfõ wNHka;r wdrCIK ;;ajh ld¾hCIu fkdjk njgflfrk m%ldYhg ióCIK ksheÈfhka 55'4] la ;rula tlÕ jQ w;r” 17'9]la tu m%ldYhg m%n, f,i tlÕ jQy' ;j o" Y%S ,xldfõ wmrdO wkqmd;slhby< hñka mj;sk njg ks,OdÍyq 90'3] la tlÕ jQy'113 fuu wld¾hCIu;djgiy l<lsÍug uQ,sl fya;= i<ld ne,Su yd ;;ajh hym;a w;g yerùug .;hq;= ls%hd ud¾. fhdackd lsÍu fuu fldgi u.ska isÿ flf¾'

6'1'1 kS;sh yd iduh wdrCId lsßu

kS;sh yd iduh wdrCId lsßu wmrdO je<elaùfï tla ud¾.hls' kS;sh muKlafkdj" ’iduldóNdjh’ o n,d;aul lsÍug W;aidy ±Íu wmrdO hqla;sl moaO;shgwh;a fCI;%hka Tíng hEuls' fuu ;;ajh fndfyda úg ’Y+kH iykYS,s;ajm%;sm;a;sh¶ jYfhka ye¢kafõ' fukhska i<ld n,k úg" ksoiqka fmkajd ÿkfyd;a"

111 1864 fmd,sia wd{d mkf;a 56 jk j.ka;sh112 ksheÈfhka 32'5] la fmd,sisfha wmrdO je<elaùfï ld¾h .ek wêl f,i l<lsßula fmkajQy113 fiajfha isák ks<OdÍka 770 la wyUq f,i f;dard iïuqL idlÉPd meje;aùfuka 2005 fmnrjdß 05 isg08 Èk olajd;a" fmnrjdß 10 isg ud¾;= 03 olajd;a ’fidaI,a bkaäflag¾¶ wdh;kh úiska ’g%dkaiafmarkaisbkagkeIk,a wdh;kh¶ fjkqfjka mj;ajk ,o iemehqïldr ióCIKh

82

li< nd,aÈ Ndú;h ;=<ska uyd ud¾. mqrd li< ±óu je<elaùug;a" ì;a;sj,mdg wdf,am lsßfï§ Odrd úiqreùfï ^’iafm%a¶& l%uh je<elaùug;a" úfrdaO;dfm<md,s iduldó f,i mj;ajd .ekSug;a yd ud¾. kS;s ms<sme§u iy;sl lr.ekSug;a m%h;ak orkq ,efí' weÑ,sia fcdaYma uy;d úiska mjik ,o mßÈ jirlsysmhlg by; § id¾:l;ajfha ryi jQfha fuu l%uhhs' iq ÿmrdO bjisuúYd, jYfhka l%shd;aul ùfï m%;sM,hla jYfhka" fmd,Sisfha m%;sl%shd b;dukao.dó nj okakd wmrdOlrejka oreKq wmrdO fj; fmd<Ujkq ,enQy'

weußld tlai;a ckmofha iy fjk;a rgj, o lrk ,o wOHhkhka ;=<skawkdjrKh jQfha rg ;=< kS;sh yd iduh wdrCId lsÍu wmrdO wkqmd;slhflfrys n,mEula we;s lrk njhs' ksõfhda¾la k.rfha Wux ÿïßh ud¾.ia:dkj,ska hdplhka yd kslrefka ld,h .; lrk wh bj;a lsÍu yd ud¾.msßisÿ lrk WmlrKj,ska u.Skag myr§u keje;aùug b;d ±ä mshjr .ekSuksoiqkah' ì;a;s l=regq .Eu .ek l%shd;aul jQ ksõfhda¾la fmd,sish ì;a;s kej;mska;dre lsÍfuka l=regq .Eï lrk wh wffO¾hg m;a l<y'114 fuu mshjrm%;sM,hla jYfhka nrm;< wmrdO fndfyda ÿrg wvq úh' fukhska i<ld n,kúg" ksõfhda¾la k.rdêm;s .=hs,dks uy;d fmkajd fok mßÈ kS;shg wkql+,jjdih lrk iudchla we;s lsÍu wmrdO fu,a, lsßfï uQ,sl ud¾.h fõ'

miq.sh jir ;=<È kS;sh yd iduh ms<sn|j hï jeä ÈhqKqjla we;s jQ njgfmdÿ wkqfndaOhla we;s ù ;sîu i;=gg ldrKhls'115 miq.sh jir ;=<§ Y%S ,xldfmd,sia fomd¾;fïka;=j úiska wmrdO je<elaùfï Wmdh ud¾. lsysmhlau Èh;alrk ,È' rd;%S uqr ixpdrj,g yd fjk;a iSreudre mshjrj,g wu;rj"’wuq;a;kaf.a rd;%sh¶ keue;s kj l%shd ud¾.hla l%shd;aul fõ' wuq;a;kaf.a rd;%shhkq ndOl wgjd mÍCId fufyhùuhs' fuu fufyhqïj,§ kS;sfhka m,d.sh wh"úI u;aøjH Ndú;d lrkakka yd iEu j¾.hlu wmrdOlrejka fiùug fmd,sishW;aidy lrhs' wmrdO je<elaùu w;ska fuu fufyhqï w;sYh id¾:l ù we;'116

óg wu;rj" úI u;aøjH wmfhÿug weíneys jQjka w,a,d .ekSfï jevms<sfj,lao fmd,sish úiska uE;l isg l%shd;aul lrkq ,efí' fuu fufyhqï uyd mßudKúI u;aøjH ixúOdkj,g yd md;d, u;aøjH f,dlalkag tfrysj muKla fkdj"iq¿ fjf<kaokag o tfrysj l%shd;aul flf¾'117 fydr u;ameka wf,ú lrk iq¿fjf<kaoka o kS;shg yiqlr .ekSug fmd,sish lghq;= wrUd we;' w;S;fha§fydr u;ameka w,ú lrk iq¿ fjf<kaoka fndfyda úg fmd,Sisfha wjOdkhgfhduq fkdjQy' fmd,sish jeä wjOdkhla fhduq flf<a úYd, ’fudareka¶ fj;muKls' tu ;;ajh ±kg fjkia ù ;sfí' úI u;aøjH yd fydr u;ameka u¾okh

114 fl,sx" Ô't,a iy flda,aia" iS'tï Fixing Broken Windows; Restoring Order and Reducing Crime in OurCommunities, 1997, Rockrfeller Center, New York115 óg fya;=j ud¾. kS;s lv lsÍu i|yd ov uqo,a jeä lsÍu nj rplhdf.a woyihs116 Y%S ,xld fmd,sisfha úY%dñl fcH'fmd'w' wfia, oikdhl uy;d iu. mj;ajk ,o iïuqL idlÉPdjl§,nd.;a f;dr;=rls117 óg m%Odk fya;=j úI u;aøjH fufyhqïj, uQ,ia:dk fjk;a rgj, msysgd ;sîu nj fmd,siam;s pkaødm%kdkaÿ uy;d i|yka lf<ah'

83

lsÍu" ñkS ueÍu yd ia;%S ¥IKh jeks nrm;, wmrdO je<elaùfï id¾:ll%uhla nj fuys§ fmkajd Èh hq;= fõ'

kS;sh yd iduh id¾:l f,i mj;ajd .ekSug fmd,sisfha yelshdj fj; ndOdmuqKqjk fya;= idOl jYfhka y÷kdf.k we;s lreKq lsysmhla kï" fmd,sisfhaiajdëk;ajh iSud ùu" iïm;a ysÕh" fmdÿck iyfhda.h fkd,eîu" by< ;dkd;a;rorK fmd,sia ks,OdÍkaf.a iydh fkd,eîu yd wjYH mqyqKqj fkd,eîuh'

6'1'1'1 fmd,sisfha iajdëk;ajh iSud ùu

wmrdO je<elaùu wid¾:l ùug fya;=jla jYfhka ,l=Kq 10 mßudKh wkqj"fmd,sia ks,OdÍka úiska ’foaYmd,kuh n,mEu¶ i|yd 5'8 l jákdlula § we;'fmd,sisfha iajdëk;ajh iSud ù ;sîu uyckhd úiska o tys wid¾:l;ajhgfya;=jla jYfhka y÷kdf.k we;'

iuyr wmrdOlrejka kS;sh bÈßhg f.k wdjfyd;a foaYmd,{hka úiska ;ukafjk;a m%foaYj,g udrelr hjkjdg we;s ìh ksid tjeks wmrdOlrejkaiïnkaOfhka l%shd lsÍfuka ;uka je<lS isák nj fmd,sia ks,OdÍka iu.mj;ajk ,o iïuqL idlÉPd fy<súh'118

fmd,sish wmrdO je<elaùug fkdyels ù we;af;a l=ulaksid±hs Tn is;kafka o@ ^,l=Kq 10 fha mßudKh&

iïm;aysÕh

mqyqKqjfkd,eîu

foaYmd,kn,mEï

fcHIaGks,Odßiydh

fkd,eîu

uyckiyfhda.hfkd,eîu

118 cd'fmd'fld' m;a lrk ,oafoa fuu ia:dk udre fjkia lsÍug jqjo" my< fYa%Ksj, fmd,sia ks,Odßkaw;r cd'fmd'fld' flfrys t;rï úYajdihla ke;'

84

;jo fndfyda fmd,sia ks,OdÍka fiajhg n|jdf.k we;af;ao foaYmd,kn,mEï u;h' Tjqyq foaYmd,{hkaf.a fyd| ys; Èkd.ekSug l%shd lr;s' tfyhskatjeks foaYmd,{hka yg ksoyfia yeisÍug bvfokq ,efí' ;=jlal= wfudard.;afoaYmd,{ mq;=ka yjq,a jQ isoaëka .ek wikakg ,efnkafka fï ksidh'119

;u fcHIaG ks,OdÍka fndfydaúg foaYmd,{hka iu. yjq,a nj;a" tfyhska;uka úiska w;a wvx.=jg .efkk mqoa.,hka fjkqfjka tu foaYmd,{hkaf.kaÿrl:k mKsjqv ,enQ jydu Tjqka uqodyeÍug isÿjk nj;a" bkamiqj ;ukagfkdfhla lrorj,g uqyqKmdkakg isÿjk nj;a" lKsIaG ks,OdÍyq m%ldY l<y'

;j;a m%Yakhla kï fmd,sish úúO mßmd,k Èia;%slalj, fnod ;sîuhs' fuul%uh ksid" hï Èia;%slalhl fmd,sia ia:dkj, ks,OdÍka yg Tjqfkdjqkaf.aÈia;%slal ;=< ;;ajh iïnkaOfhka taldêldÍ n,hla ysñ fõ' tfyhska ;uÈia;%slalfha foaYmd,{hka iu. lghq;= lsÍug isÿjk fmd,sia ks,OdÍkayg tufoaYmd,{hkaf.a leue;a;g bv §ug isÿ fõ' fuu ;;ajh ksid fmdÿ ckhdf.an,dfmdfrd;a;= iqka fõ' fuu ;;ajhg úi÷ula jYfhka mßmd,k Èia;%sla ;=<mj;akd taldêldrh ì| ±ófï woyiska Èia;%sla mokula iys; fufyhqï fjkqjguOHu fmd,sia n,ldhla Èjhsk mqrd fhdod .ekSug mshjr f.k we;'

kS;suh mshjr .ekSu je<elaùu i|yd fm<Uùula jYfhka fokq ,nk w,a,iayd fjk;a mdßf;dIs;hka fmd,sia ks,OdÍka úiska ms<s.efkk njg o úúOfpdaokd yd wjia:d o wikakg ,efí' Bg;a jvd nrm;, fpdaokdjla kï" fmd,siaks,OdÍka jHdmdrj,ska jegqma yd iudk ld,Sk f.ùï ,nd .kakd njhs' fuul%uh hgf;a furg kS;s moaO;shg wjk; fkdjk ’wdrCIs; mx;shla¶ ìys ùwe;' ;jo" fmd,sia ks,Odßyq fndfydaúg mqoa.,hkaf.a ;rd;sru yd n,j;aNdjh.ek ìhg m;aj Tjqkag ;rjgq lsÍfuka yd Tjqka w;awvx.=jg .ekSfuka je<lSisá;s'

md;d,f,dalfha

Okj;amqoa.,hkaf.a

fcHIaGks,OdÍkaf.a

whq;=foaYmd,k

úfYaI ie<ls<s,nd .ekSug

fmd,sia ks,OdrSka yg Tjqkaf.a rdcldrS iajdëk f,i bgq lsrSug fkdyels;;ajhla we;s ùug jvd;au jeo.;a fya;= ^,l=Kq 10 fha mrsudKh&

119 Wod ( u¾úka is,ajd uy;df.a mq;%hd .ek mqj;am;a jd¾;d n,kak

85

fmd,sish md;d, f,dalh iu. ióm in|;d meje;a jQ nj fmkajk f,aLk.;wjia:d o we;' fmd,sish tjeks in|;d we;a;jYfhkau mj;ajk nj 3] laúYajdi lr;s' 44'6] la mjikafka md;d, f,dalh yd fmd,Sish w;r iïnkaO;djkamj;sk njla Tjqkg iaÓr jYfhka lsj fkdyels njh' fmd,sisfha iajdëk;ajhiSud lrk fya;= idOlhla f,i md;d,h iu. mj;akd iïnkaO;d jeo.;a njlajeä fokd fkdis;;s ^4'4]& tfia jqjo" md;d,h yd iu. iïnkaO;d meje;aùufmd,sisfha iajdëk;ajh iSud lrk m%Odk fya;=jla fkdjk njla ñka woyiafkdfõ' fmd,sia ¥IKfha fuu wxYh .ek flfia fyda fmdÿ ckhd w;r t;rï±kqula ke;' ta ksidu" fuu wxYh t;rï úfõpkhg Ndckh fkdfõ'

6'1'1'2 iïm;a ysÕh

wmrdO je<elaùug fmd,sishg fkdyelsùug m%Odk;u fya;=jla f,i iïm;aysÕh fmd,sish úiska y÷kd.kakd ,È' fuu ks,OdÍka iu. mj;ajk ,oidlÉPdj,§ ñksia iïm;a ysÕh yd m%jdyk myiqlï ysÕh .ek úfYaIfhkaui|yka lrk ,È' fmd,sia ks,OdÍka fj; m%udKh blaujd rdcldß lghq;= mjrd;sfnk nj;a" tu rdcldß ksisf,i bgq lsÍu Tjqkg ld,fõ,djla fkdue;s nj;a"m%cd iïnkaO;d ks,OdÍyq fndfydafofkla mejiQy'120

6'1'1'3 fmdÿ ck;djf.a iyfhda.h fkd,eîu

fuho wmrdO je<elaùug ndOd lrk idOlhla f,i y÷kdf.k we;' wi,m%foaYhl iel lghq;= mqoa.,hl= .ejiqkfyd;a fyda <ud wmfhdackhla fyda <udfiajlhl= ms<sn| f;dr;=re we;akï" tajd .ek fkdjrojdu fmd,sishg ;ukaokajd isák nj ióCIKhg iyNd.s jQ 62] la muK fokd lshd isáhy' wi,m%foaYh ;=< fydr u;ameka ksIamdokh$wf,úh isÿ fõkï" ta .ek ;uka fmd,sishgjd¾;d lrk njg lshd isáfha 41] la muKlah' ;uka iaÓr jYfhkau fmd,sishgiydh jk nj ol=fKa whf.ka 74] la m%ldY l<y' niakdysr m<df;a 45] lgwêl msßila lshd isáfha Tjqka lsisodl fmd,sishg iyhla fkdfok njhs'121

fmd,sishg iydh §ug bÈßm;a jQ wh mjd mjid isáfha" Tjqka fmd,sish fj;f;dr;=re iemhsug bÈßm;a jQj;a" idCIslrejka jYfhka l%shd lsÍug kïbÈßm;a fkdjk njhs' fmd,sishg iydh fkdfok nj lshd isá mqoa.,hkaf.ka59'5] la mejiqfõ fmd,sishg f;dr;=re iemhSu ksid Tjqkayg lrorj,guqyqKmEug isÿúh yels njh' fmd,sishg f;dr;=re iemhQj;a" tu f;dr;=re u;l%shd lsÍug fmd,sish bÈßm;a fkdjk nj 23] la m%ldY l<y' ñka fmkS hkafkafmd,sishg fmdÿck iyfhda.h fkd,efnkafka jeä jYfhkau fmd,sish yd m%cdjw;r iïnkaO;djkag wod< moaO;sh ÿ¾j,;d fya;=fjka njhs'

120 fmd,sia m%cd iïnkaO;d ks,Odßka iu. l=reKE.,§ yd uykqjr§ meje;a jQ idlÉcd121 uyck wdl,am ióCIKh 2006 fmnrjdß 14 yd ud¾;= 06 w;r ld,h ;=< wyUq f,i f;dard.;amqoa.,hka 1400 l iyNd.s;ajfhka mj;ajk ,È' fï i|yd" úfYaI{ lKavdhula úiska ilia lrk ,om%Yakdj,sh Ndú;d lrñka iïuqL idlÉPd mj;ajk ,È'

86

wmrdOj,g fya;=jk iudchSh lreKq fidhd ne,Su o jeo.;a fõ' iuyrmqoa.,hka kS;súfrdaë l%sshdj, ksr;jkafka ;u mjq,a kv;a;= lsÍu i|ydhs' ;j;aiuyreka úI u;aøjH ,nd .ekSug o tfia lr;s' fujeks wjia:dj,§ fmd,sish

yd rch tla ù wmrdOj,g uq,ajk fya;= idOl bj;a fldg kS;sh wkqj Ôj;aùug mqoa.,hkag yelsjk ;;ajhla we;s l< hq;= fõ' fuu m%Yak úi£ug hïwdOdr l%uhla we;s lsÍu fj; wjOdkh fhduq úh hq;=h' fukhska i<ld n,k

úg" iuyr wjia:dj,§ wmrdO je<elaùu i|yd mqkre;a:dmk lghq;= ydÈ<sÿlu msgq ±lSfï jHdmdr o wjYH nj meyeÈ,s fõ' tfyhska wmrdO je<elaùfïj.lSu fmd,sish fj; muKla mejÍu idOdrK fkdfõ' fï .ek rcfha wjOdkh

fhduq úh hq;=h'

6'1'2 ksjdrK mshjr

ksjdrK mshjr hkq wmrdO isÿ lsÍug ìhla Wmojd" tu ìh ud¾.fhka wmrdOje<elaùug l%shd lsÍuhs' fuu ìh m%Odk jYfhkau we;s l< yelafla wmrdOúu¾Yk lghq;= id¾:l lr .ekSfuka yd wmrdOlrejka kS;sh bÈßhg f.ktafukah' wmrdO isÿ lsÍug yelsjk wjia:d bj;a lsÍu o ksjdrK l%uhls'w÷re ùÓ wdf,dalu;a lsÍu" wmrdO iq,N m%foaYj, fmd,sia uqr ixpdr isÿ lsÍuyd jeg,Sï ixúOdkh lsÍu tjeks ksjdrK ld¾h i|yd ksoiqkah'

wi, m%foaY ;=< fmdÿ wdrCIKh iy;sl lsÍu i|yd fmd,sia uqr ixpdrjeo.;a njg fmdÿ úYajdihla mj;S' fmd,sia uqr ixpdr b;d jeo.;a nj 70'4]la úYajdi lr;s' tajd ;rula jeo.;a nj 23'3] la mji;s' fmd,sia uqr ixpdrwjYH nj 94] la u mjik kuq;a" fmd,sia uqr ixpdr ks;r isÿ flfrk njmjikafka 16] la muKs' tajd iuyr úg isÿ flfrk nj 24'2] la mjik w;r"28'3] la mjikafka uqr ixpdr b|ysg isÿ flfrk njhs' wmrdOlrejka wffO¾u;alsÍu i|yd m%udKj;a uqr ixpdr isÿ fkdlrk nj 47'5] mejiQ w;r" ;um%foaYj, m%udKj;a fmd,sia uqr ixpdr isÿ flfrk nj 31'1] la úYajdi lr;s'

fmd,sia uqr ixpdr" wmrdOlrejka fj; ksjdrlhla f,i l%shd lrk njgúYajdihla mj;sk kuq;a" th ieuúgu tfia fkdjk nj o isys ;nd .ekSujeo.;ah' fï iïnkaOfhka ksõfhda¾la kqjr isÿ l< wOHhkhlska fy<sjQfhafmd,sish hï ;ekl isá muKskau wmrdO je<elaùula fkdisÿjk njhs' fndfydawjia:dj,§ m%cdj úiska fmd,sia ld¾hka bgq lsÍu jvd id¾:l jQ nj fmfkkakg;sfí' tfia jqjo" ìysiqKq wmrdO uy oj,a isÿjk j¾;udk miqìu hgf;akï"b;d ±ä w;=re mshjr .ekSug isÿ úh yelsh'

87

wmrdOj,ska je<lS isàug m%Odk fm<Uùu jkafka wmrdOhla l<fyd;a ovqjï,eîug;a .e,úh fkdyels njg mj;sk m%n, úYajdihhs" jrola isÿ lsÍufjkqfjka ovqjï ,nd §u iy;sl njg mj;akd úYajdih ksh;j ;sìh hq;=h'122

ud¾. kS;s lv lsßu i|yd uE;l isg l%shd;aul jk ov l%uh óg ksoiqkls' tuov uqo,a jeä lsÍfuka miq ud¾. kS;s lv lsÍu fndfyda ÿrg wvq ù we;'wkjir ia:dkj, jdyk kj;d ;eîu iïnkaOfhka o fmd,sish ±ka ±ä mshjr.kS' fï yer u;ameka mdkfhka miq jdyk meoùu i|yd fmd,sis î%;,hsi¾mÍCIKh ±ka l%shd;aul lrhs'

ie<lsh hq;= ;j;a jeo.;a idOlhla kï wmrdO je<elaùfï ld¾h i|yd jehjk uqo,a m%udKh yd ld,fõ,djhs' fuu jd¾;dj wdrïNfha§ ksÍCIKh lrk,o tla lreKla kï" wmrdOlrejka w,a,d .ekSu yd Tjqka Widúhg bÈßm;alsÍu ms<sn| fmd,sisfha Wkkaÿj wmrdO je<elaùu ms<sn| Wkkaÿjg jvdfndfyda fia wêl jQ njhs' tfyhska" fmd,sisfha rdcldßj,ska jeä m%uqL;djla,eìh hq;af;a fuu rdcldß foflka l=ulg±hs hk m%Yakh u;= fõ' fmd,siam;spkaød m%kdkaÿ uy;d iu. uE;l§ mj;ajk ,o idlÉPdj,ska meyeÈ,s jQfha iq¿wmrdO .ek ±ä f,i l%shd lsÍu ;=<ska nrm;, wmrdO isÿ lsÍu je<elaùfïl%shd ud¾.hla ±ka wkq.ukh flfrk njh'123 tfy;a fuu kj Wmdh ud¾.fhaid¾:l;ajh .ek ±kau i|yka l< fkdyelafla th l%shd;aul lrk ,oafoa b;duE;l isg muKla fyhsks'

kS;sh n,d;aul lsÍug fmd,sishg iydhjk jHdmD;sj,g wu;rj" wmrdO isÿlsÍug fya;= ms<sn|jo fmd,sisfha wjOdkh fhduq lsÍu jeo.;ah' ;jo" m%cdjf.aiydh fkdue;sj" wmrdO je<elaùfï ld¾h fmd,sishg ;ksju id¾:l f,i bgql< fkdyelsh' fï iïnkaOfhka" fndfyda rgj, ’m%cd fmd,sia fiajd¶ l%uhlal%shd;aul fõ' fuu l%uh hgf;a wmrdO .ek iSreudrefjka isàfuka wmrdOj<lajd .ekSug idudkH mqrjeis ixúOdk fmd,sishg l%shdldÍ f,i wdOdr lrhs'fuu l%uh hgf;a ’wi,ajeis m%foaY uqr lsÍfï¶ iñ;s msysgqjd .efka' ;jo" wjgm%foaYh .ek fidaÈisfhka yd fiú,af,ka isàu i|yd lKavdhï m;a lr .efka'

6'2 wmrdOlrejka kS;sfha /yekg yiq lr .ekSu

6'2'1 mÍCIK

j¾;udk wmrdOlrejka b;d kQ;k l%u Ndú;d lr;s' ;dCIKsl jYfhka Tjqyqfmd,sishg jvd bÈßfhka isá;s' fmd,sishg meñKs,a,la l< úg" ta ms<sn|jWidúfha kvq mejÍug jir lsysmhla .;jk nj ljqre;a oks;s' tmuKla ofkdfõ' f.j,a ì£ula isÿjqkfyd;a" th ÿrl;kfhka fmd,sish fj; ±kaùfuka

122 ksoiqkla jYfhka isx.mamQrefõ ±ä ov m%;sm;a;sfha m%;sM, foi n,kak123 fuu l%u jd¾;dfõ 8 jk mßÉfþofha§ idlÉPd flf¾'

88

muKla lsisjla isÿ fkdfõ' f.ysñhd fmd,sish fj; f.dia" fmd,sia ks,Odßhdf.org le|jd f.k wd hq;=h' weÕ<s i<l=Kq lKavdhï wmrdO ia:dkh fj;meñfKkafka isoaêh isÿ ù meh .Kklg miqjh' Y%S ,xldj jeks rgl tjeks;;ajhla hgf;a isÿjkafka weÕs<s igyka ;dCIK ks,OdÍkayg wmrdOlrejkaf.aweÕs<s i<l=Kq fjka fldg y÷kd.; fkdyels ùuhs' weÕs<s i<l=Kq úfYaI{hkaf.ameñKsug fmr wmrdOh isÿ jQ ia:dkhg meñfKk hd¿ ñ;%fhda ksid tu weÕs<si<l=Kq uelS hkakg bv we;'

;jo" mQ¾K wmrdO úu¾Ykhla meje;aùu i|yd wjYH ish¿u myiqlï fndfydaúgfmd,sishg fkd,efí' iïm;a ysÕh úu¾Yj,g ndOd we;s lrhs' ã'tka'ta' ;dCIKhyd b;du kQ;k weÕs<s i<l=Kq ;dCIKh uE;l§ Y%S ,xld fmd,sish fj; ,eîwe;' tfy;a" tajdfha m%;sM,hla jYfhka fmd,sisfha ld¾hCIu;dj fldf;laÿrgÈhqKq fõ±hs ;ju lsj fkdyelsh' úu¾Yk wid¾:l jkafka iïm;a ysÕh ksidunj mejiSu t;rï idOdrK fkdfõ' foaYmd,k jYfhka wdkafoda,khla we;s l<yd blauka l< hq;= wmrdO mÍCIK iïnkaOfhka b;d id¾:l m%;sM, fmd,sishúiska ,ndf.k we;'124

fmd,sishg ¥IK m%Yakhg uqyqK mdkakg isÿjkafka jeä jYfhkau wmrdOúu¾Yk mj;ajk wjia:dfõ§h' fuu m%Yakh fndfydaúg t,a,jkafka foaYmd,kuhn,mEï jYfhka yd fmd,sisfha by< uÜgïj, n,mEï jYfhks' fuu n,mEïksid úu¾Yk fkdmeje;aùug fmd,sishg Wmfoia ,efí' ’idCIs fkdue;s ksid¶wod< ,smsf.dkq jid oukq ,efí' wmrdO iïnkaOfhka mÍCIK mj;ajk iuyrfmd,sia ks,OdÍkag kvq ±óu ms<sn| kS;sh .ek wjfndaOhla fkdue;s nj;a"Tjqka iuyrúg kS;s úfrdaê f,i idCIs ,nd .kakd ^tajd wkjYH fõ& nj;a"fcHaIG fmd,sia ks,Odßka iu. meje;ajq idlÉPdj,§ wkdrjKh jQjo ;jo"uyck iyfhda.h fkd,efnk ksid wmrdO mÍCIK ÿIalr fõ' fmd,sishguyck iyfhda.h jvd;au wjYH jkafka wmrdO mÍCIK meje;aùfï§h' uyckiyfhda.h fufia fkd,eî hkafka fmd,sish yd m%cdj w;r mj;akd in|;dì|jeàu ksid nj fmfka'

pQÈ;hka w;ßka 13] lg yd w;awvx.=jg .kakd ,o fyda r|jd ;nd .kakd ,owh w;ßka 26'2] lg ;uka l;d lrk NdIdfjka fiajd ,nd .ekSug fkdyels jQnj uyck wdl,am ióCIKfha§ fy<s úh' ;j o" ;ukaf.a .eg¿j f;areïlr§u i|yd m%udKj;a ld, fõ,djla Tjqkg ,nd fkdÿka nj pQÈ;hskaf.ka26'8 la yd w;awvx.=jg .kakd ,o fyda r|jd ;nd .kakd ,o wh w;ßka 42]la mejiQy'125 ^NdId m%Yakh jvd;a W.%j n,mj;ajk W;=f¾ yd kef.kysruyck wdl,am ióCIKh fkdme;aúK' tfyhska wm%idoh m<l, whf.a m%;sY;hwe;a;jYfhkau by; i|yka ixLHdj,ska ±lafjk m%udKhkag jvd wêlh'&

124 Ígd fcadkaia" úksiqre ir;a wfòmsáh yd frdah,a md¾la ñkSuereï ksoiqkah125 uyck wdl,am ióCIKh 2006 fmnrjdß 14 yd ud¾;= 06 w;r ld,h ;=< wyUq f,i f;dard.;amqoa.,hka 1400 l iyNd.s;ajfhka mj;ajk ,È' fï i|yd" úfYaI{ lKavdhula úiska ilia lrk ,om%Yakdj,sh Ndú;d lrñka iïuqL idlÉPd mj;ajk ,È'

89

fuu m%;sM, ufkdauQ,sl nj mejiqj yels jqjo" tkï ’m%udKj;a ld, fõ,djla¶hkq ksYaph jYfhkau fldmuK ld,hla o hk j. meyeÈ,sj ks¾jpkh fkdjQksid" fuu m%;sM,j,ska ms,sìUq jk m%Yakh nrm;,h' fuu .eg¿ fol mqoa.,hkaf.aisú,a ksoyia whs;sjdislïj,g wod< fõ' tjeks ÿ¾j,;d l%shdldÍ m%cd;dka;%slrgl fkd;sìh hq;=h' ;jo" pqÈ;hl=g ms<s;=re iemhSug m%udKj;a ld,hlafkd,efíkï fyda Tyqg$wehg f;areï .; yels NdIdjlska mÍCIK isÿ flf¾kï" th l=uk j¾.fha mÍCIKhla±hs hk m%Yakh wikakg isÿ fõ'

;jo" wmrdO mßCIKh mj;ajk w;r YdÍßl jO ysxid isÿlrk ,o fndfydawjia:d o we;' fujeks foaj,a jeä jYfhkau isÿjkafka fmd,sia ks,OdÍkagkshñ; úu¾Yk l=I,;d fkd;sfnk ksidh' mÍCIK meje;aùug wod< ffk;sllreKq ms<sn| wjfndaOhla fmd,sia ks,OdÍkag fkdue;s njo idlÉPdj,§ fy<súh' mÍCIK meje;aùfï§ u;=jk fujeks ÿ¾j,;d ksid" kvq id¾:l ùu iSudfõ'

wmrdO w,a,d .kakd m%Odk l%u folls' tkï" uyckhdf.ka ,efnk meñKs,s ydfydavqjdjka iys; f;dr;=re iy fmd,sish úiska fufyhjk jg,Sïh' uyck;djfmd,sish fj; úYajdih fkd;nk ksid" ;u m%foaYj, isÿjk kS;súfrdaë l%shdms<sn|j fmd,sishg fydavqjdj,a iemhSug Tjqyq idudkHfhka ìh fj;s' fuhlK.dgqodhl ;;ajhls' uyckhd iu. mj;ajk ,o idlÉPdj,ska fy<s jQfha"fmd,sish wmrdOlrejka iu. ióm in|;d mj;ajk nj Tjqka úYajdi lrknj;a" tfyhska fmd,sish fj; f;dr;=re iemhqjfyd;a Tjqkaf.a kï .ï fmd,sishwmrdOlrejkag fok ksid" wmrdOlrejkaf.ka Tjqkg ;¾ck yd m,s.ekSït,a, jk njh'

meñKs,sj,g yd f;dr;=re iemhSïj,g m%;spdr ±laùug wu;rj" l,n, we;slrk yd iel lghq;= mqoa.,hka fidhdf.k f.dia Tjqka kS;sh bÈßhg f.ktau" fmdÿ iduhg ;¾ckhla úh yels lreKq .ek f;dr;=re /ialr" tu ryiaf;dr;=re wod< ia:dkj,g ±kaùu o fmd,sisfha rdcldßj,g wh;a fõ'126 fuuld¾hhka bgq lrkafka jeg,Sï u.ska yd ndOl fhdod fidaÈis fufyhSï l%shd;aullsÍfukah'127 óg wu;rj" fmd,siam;s pkaød m%kdkaÿ uy;d úiska ’uOHu fidaÈisldrl iNdjla¶ msysgqjk ,È' fuu ldrl iNdj rgmqrd l%shd;aul jk w;r"úúO mßmd,kuh m%foaY ;=< lghq;= lrhs'

fmdÿ ck;dj iu. jvd ióm iïnkaO;djla f.dvk.d .ekSu ;=<ska fuum%Yakh úi¢h yels nj fmkajd fokq ,efí'128 fuys§ wod< lreKla kï wmrdOmÍCIKh" ksjdrK lghq;= yd wmrdO je<elaùu i|yd fhdod .kakd fmd,siaks,OdÍka ixLHdjhs' ks,OdÍka ysÕh yd fjk;a iïm;a ysÕh fya;=fjka" uyckhdf.a

126 fmd,sia wd{d mkf;a 56 jk j.ka;sh127 ’wuq;a;kaf.a rd;%sh¶ ksoiqkls128 ’fmd,sia m%cd in|;d¶ hgf;a fuh u;= idlÉPd flf¾

90

yÈis wjYH;d i|yd fmd,sia ks,Odßkag bÈßm;a úh fkdyels ùu we;a;jYfhkaulK.dgqjg lreKls' fuu m%Yakh moaO;sh ÿ¾j,;d úia;r flfrk mßÉfþofha§idlÉPd flf¾' tfiajqjo" tla lemS fmfkk ksoiqka wjia:djla fuys§ i|ykal< hq;=fõ'

fuu isoaêh wkdjrKh jQfha fmd,sia fomd¾;fïka;=fõ m%cd iïnkaO;d ks,OdÍkayd m%cd ixúOdkhka w;r mj;ajk ,o /iaùfï§h' Èkla ;u ksjig fidfrl=lvd jeÿKq nj fuu /iaùug iyNd.S jQ ldka;djla mejiqjdh' fidrd tlaldurhlg fldgqlr tu ldurh jid w.=¿ ,Eug wehg yels úh' tfia lsßfukamiq wE fmd,sishg ÿrl;k mKsjqvhla ÿkakdh' fmd,sish túg lshd isáfhafmd,sisfha ðma r:h ta wjia:dfõ§ tys fkd;snqKq nj;a" tneúka wehg WmldrlsÍug Tjqkag fkdyels nj;a yd weh úiska fidrd fmd,sish fj; /f.k wd hq;=nj;ah' fuh we;a;jYfhkau isÿ jQ nj fmd,sish ms<s.kakd w;r" th ienEm%Yakhla nj;a tfy;a fmd,sishg ta wjia:dfõ§ l< yels jQ fohla fldfy;aufkd;snQ nj;a mjik ,È' ;jo" fmd,sishg ,ndfok ãSi,a bkaOk m%udKhTjqkaf.a m%foaYh uqr ixpdrh lsÍug m%udKj;a fkdjk nj;a" fmd,sia ks,Odßkagl< fkdyels ;rï rdcldß lghq;= mgjd ;sfnk nj;a fmkajd fok ,È'

fmd,sia rdcldÍ lghq;= w;ßka lskï rdcldß i|yd m%uqL;dj ysñúh hq;=±hshk m%Yakh fï ksid u;= fõ' yÈis wjYH;d .ek lghq;= lsÍug mjd ld,fõ,djlafkdue;s fmd,sia ks,Odßka wmrdO je<elaùfï lghq;=j, yd m%cd iïnkaO;dÈhqKq lsÍfï lghq;=j, ksr; jkafka flfiao@

6'2'2 iq¿ jerÈ iïnkaOfhka kvq mejÍu

wmrdO iïnkaOfhka mÍCIK isÿ lrkafka fmd,sish úisks' nrm;, wmrdOiïnkaOfhka kï mÍCIK jd¾;d ,sms f.dkq kS;sm;s fomd¾;fïka;=j fj; hjkq,efí' iq¿ wmrdO iïnkaOfhka wNsfpdaokd bÈßm;a lrkafka fmd,sish úisks'mÍCIK lghq;=j, .=Kd;aulNdjh b;d mq¿,a nj;a" ta fya;=fjka fndfydawjia:dj,§ kvq mejÍula fkdisÿjk njg fpdaokd t,a, fõ' fndfyda fmd,siaks,OdÍkag wNsfpdaokd ms<sn| l=i,;d fkdue;s ksid” wmrdOj,g Ndckh jQmd¾Yajhg jvd fndfyda m%n, f,i wmrdOldr md¾Yajh Widúfha§ ksfhdackhjk njg o fpdaokd we;' fï yereKq úg" fcHIaG fmd,sia ks,OdÍkayg kvqÈkj,g wêlrKhg hEug fkdyels jQ úg" Tjqka úiska lKsIaG ks,Odßkahefjk wjia:d o we;s nj fmkajd fokq ,efí'

kvq mejßfï§ uqyqK mEug isÿjk my; i|yka ndOlj,g wod<j fmd,siaks,Odßka ,l=Kq 10 l mßudKh wkqj tajdfha jeo.;alu fuf,i m%ldY l< njg%dkaiafmarkais bkag¾keIk,a wdh;kfha ióCIKfhka fy<s fõ'

91

kvq mejÍfï lghq;= fufyhùfï ld¾hka i|yd muKla fjku fmd,sia ks,OdÍkaixLHdjla f;dardf.k Tjqkg m%udKj;a mqyqKqjla ,nd §fuka fuu m%Yakhúi£ug l%shd l< hq;= nj ks¾foaY flf¾' fï yereKq úg" kS;suh iSudjka ksidwmrdOlrejka fj; kvq mejÍug ;ukag we;s yelshdj ÿ¾j, jk wjia:djla;sfíkï" tajd cd'fmd'fld' fj; bÈßm;a lr" cd'fmd'fld' ud¾.fhka wjYHixfYdaOkhka jHjia:dodhlh ,jd iïu; lr .; hq;h' kvq ish,a,lau wid¾:ljkafka fmd,sisfha jrÈka fkdjk nj isys;nd .ekSu jeo.;ah' wid¾:l;ajhgfya;=jk fjk;a idOl o ie<ls,a,g .; hq;=h'

6'2'3 wdY%s; wdh;k m%;sixialrKh lsÍu

wmrdO je<laùu i|yd wdh;k m%;sixialrKh lsÍu o wjYH fõ' fufiam%;sixialrKhg Ndckh úh hq;= m%Odk wdh;k folla kï nkaOkd.drh ydWidúh fõ' Widú frðiag%d¾ ld¾hd, yd wmrdOlrejka w;r iyfhda.Sl%shdldß;ajhla mj;sk nj;a" tu.ska ,smsf.dKq whq;= f,i fjkia flfrk nj;a"jd¾;dj,ska fy<sfõ'129

iïm;a y

sÕh

mqyqKqj uolu

uyck i

yfh

da.h

fkd,eîu

iu ;

;ajfh

a ks,Odßkaf.

aiyfh

da.h fk

d,eî hdu

kS;s m

ámdáuh

m%udoh

ffk;sl i

Sudjka

udkj i

n|;d uqo,a f

r.=,dis

ms<sn| ±

kqu i

Sud ùu

fcHaI

aGhkaf.

a ihfh

da.h

fkd,eîu

foaYmd,k n

,mEï

129 flauisß l=udr l,afoard kvqj (S.C.T.R.) wheÿï wxl 343/99, SCM 6/11/2001 ,sms f.dkq yd idCIsjd¾;d whq;= f,i fjkia lsÍu ks;r ks;r isÿjk nj fuys§ Widúh úiska i|yka lrk ,È

wNsfpdaokd ilia lsÍfï§ Tn uqyqKmdk ÿIalr;dljf¾o@ ^,l=Kq 10 mßudKh&

92

tfyhska" fmd,sia ¥IKh .ek idlÉPd lrk úg" fmd,sish muKla .ek wjOdkhfhduq lsÍfuka m%fhdackhla fkdfõ' ¥IK lghq;= i|yd fmd,sish iu. tla ùlghq;= lrk wfkla wdh;k fj; o ie<ls,a, fhduq l< hq;=h' ta wfklawdh;kj, iïnkaO;dj fkdue;sj fmd,sish muKla talmd¾Yúlj ¥IK lghq;=j,ksr;ùu t;rï myiq fkdfõ'

j¾;udk ld¾h mámdáh hgf;a wmyrKh" ;e;s.ekaùu" iq¿ ;=jd, lsÍï hkd§ir, yd iDcq lreKq mjd kS;sm;s fomd¾;fïka;=j fj; fhduq flf¾' b;dnrm;, yd ixlS¾K kvq .ek l%shd lrk kS;sm;s fomd¾;fïka;=fõ jevlghq;=fï ksid f.dv .eiS hqla;sh mis|,Su b;d m%udoldÍ l%shdoduhla njg m;afõ'tfia jqjo" kS;s{hkaf.ka iukaú; jQ fmd,sia fomd¾;fïka;=fõ kS;s wxYhg fï.ek lsisjla l< fkdyelafla uka±hs hk m%Yakh fuys§ mek k.S' m%udoùïje<elaùu i|yd;a" fmd,Sisfha kS;s wxYfhka Wmßu m%fhdack .ekSu i|yd;a"b;du ir, yd iDcq kvq tu wxYh úiska fufyhúh hq;= njg ñka ks¾foaYlrkq ,efí'

6'3 r: jdyk md,kh

r: jdyk md,k fCI;%h miq.sh jir lsysmh ;=<oS ixj¾Okh ù we;';dCIKfha iS>% ÈhqKqj" ud¾.j, .uka lrk r: jdyk ixLHdj jeä ùu" ud¾.moaO;sh iS>%fhka ixj¾Okh ùu yd ixj¾Ok uxikaê we;s ùu hkd§ idOlfya;=fldg f.k fmd,sishg kqmqreÿ m%Yakhlg uqyqK §ug isÿ ù we;' fmd,sishyd uyckhd jeä jYfhkau uqK .efikafka fuu fCI;%h ;=<§h' tfyhskafmd,sish ms<sn| uyck u;h jeä jYfhkau yev .efikafka fuu fCI;%hwdYfhks'

ud¾. wdrCIdj msßyS we;s njg;a" ud¾. wk;=re úYd, f,i jeä ù ;sfnknjg;a" fmdÿ tlÕ;ajhla we;s nj fmfka' fuu ;;ajhg jeä jYfhkau j.lshhq;af;a ßhÿrka nj o fmdÿfõ úYajdi flf¾' ud¾. wk;=re je<elaùu iïnkaOfhkafmd,sisfha l%shdldß;ajh b;d i;=gqodhl nj uyck;dj w;r 12'7] la o";rula i;=gqodhl nj 57'5] la o" ;rula wi;=gqodhl nj 16'9] la o" b;dwi;=gqodhl nj 4'4 la o mejiQy' wk;=re je<elaùfï ld¾h ms<sn|j fmd,sisfhal%shdldß;ajh wi;=gqodhl nj m%ldY l< whf.ka 66] la úYajdi lf<a tu;;ajhg fya;=j fmd,sish w,a,ia ,nd f.k ßhÿrkag ov ;=Kavq ksl=;a fkdlsÍuyd kvq fkdmejÍu njh' wfkla w;g" uyd ud¾.j, wdrCIdj iy;sl lsÍug;ukag fkdyels jkafka iïm;a ysÕh 6'2'3&" ud¾.j, bv lv uÈ ùu 79'4& yduyck iyfhda.h fkd,eîu ^42'5& hk fya;+ka ksid nj fmd,sish mji;s' fuuo;a; /ialrk ,oafoa ud¾. kS;s lv lrk ßhÿrkaf.ka wh lrk ov uqo,ajeä lsßug fmr yd ud¾. kS;s lv lrk ßheÿrkag tfrysj ±ä mshjr.ekSug fmr nj isys ;nd .; hq;=h'

93

±kg mj;akd ud¾. kS;s b;d ±ä f,i l%shd;aul lsÍu fmd,sish uE;l isgmgka f.k we;' kS;súfrdaê f,i .d,a lr ;efnk jdyk weof.k hEu"wêfõ.S ßh meoùï je<elaùu yd u;ameka mdkfhka miq ßh meoùug tfrysjlghq;= lsÍu fuu ±ä ms<sfj; hgf;a isÿ flf¾' tf,iu ud¾.j, .uka lrkr: jdyk mßir ys;ldó iy Odjkhg iqÿiq nj iy;sl lsÍug o fmd,sish ±kamshjr .kS' fuu fmd,sia l%shdldß;ajh meiiqug ,la l< hq;=h'

flfia fj;;a" r: jdyk fmd,sish w,a,ig yd ¥IKhg hg ù we;s njfkdryils' óg m%Odk fya;+ka kï wëCIKhla fkdue;slu" j.lSu ksYaph f,iNdrlr fkd;sîu yd l%shd l< hq;= wkaou .ek wNsu;h fmd,sia ks,OdÍka fj;Ndrlr ;sîuh' fï wkqj ov ;=Kavq ksl=;a lrkq fjkqjg" iuyr wjia:dj,§ßhÿrkag wjjdo §ug ksoyila fmd,sia ks,OdÍkag we;' ovuqo,a f.ùug isÿùfuka ú¢kakg jk lrorj,ska fíÍu i|yd fndfyda ßhÿrka fmd,sishgw,a,ia uqo,a fo;s' fuu w,a,ia mqreoao wm iudcfha fldf;la ÿrg uq,a neif.kweoaohs lsjfyd;a" fndfyda ßhÿrka ;u ßh Odjk n,m;%h ieuúgu remsh,aishfha fkdaÜgqjl ojgd ;nd .ks;s' túg fmd,sia ks,Odßhl= n,m;%h b,aÆ úgth myiqfjkau Èh yelsh' fmd,sia ks,Odßka uqo,aj,ska ´kEu fohla lsÍugfyda fkdlsÍug fmd,Ujd .; yels njg uyck u;hla f.dvke.S we;af;a fuuw,a,ia mqreoao ksidh' iuyr úg" w,a,ia ,nd .ekSfï fÉ;kdfjka iuyrfmd,sia ks,OdÍyQ ßhÿrkag fndre fpdaokd t,a, lr;s'

uyck wdl,am ióCIKh uyckhd fmd,sia ks,OdÍkag w,a,ia §ug bÈßm;ajkwjia:d ms<sn|j& wkqj" ud¾. kS;s lv lsÍu iïnkaOfhka fmd,sish iu.m%;sl%shd ±la jQ whf.ka 38'2] la fmd,sia ks,OdÍka fj; hï w,a,ila §ugbÈßm;a ù we;' fudjqkaf.ka 55'2] la mejiqfõ fmd,sish hï w,a,ila b,aÆnjhs' b;sß 44'8] m%ldY lf<a ;uka w,a,ila ms<s.eka jQ njh'130 ud¾. kS;slevQ whf.ka 38'2] la fmd,sishg hï w,a,ila §ug bÈßm;a jQy' ^my;±lafjk j.=j n,kak&


94

ud¾. kS;s leãu i|yd ov uqo,a uE;l§ 10 .=Khlg;a wêl f,i jeälrk ,È' fï ksid fmd,sia ks,OdÍka fj; w,a,ia §ug uyckhd jeäjYfhka fm<fU;s' r: jdyk fmd,sish úiska w,a,ia ms<s.ekSu wvq ùwe;a±hs fyda jeä ù we;a±hs ks.ukh lsÍu ÿIalrh' fï ms<sn| ixLHduhf;dr;=re fkdue;' tksid ú.%yhkag mokï ù we;af;a fmdÿck wdl,am ydmqoa.,sl w;a±lSïh' tfyhska fjkila isÿ ù±hs ;SrKh l< yelafla uycku;h ie<ls,a,g .ekSfuks' ksjerÈ uyck u;hla f.dv ke.Sug iEfykld,hla .;jkq we;' fuu fCI;%fha fmd,sia ¥IKh b;d m%n, f,i yd È.=ld,Sk f,i iuia; fmd,sish ms<sn| wdl,amhka flfrys n,mEï we;s lrhs'

fmd,sia fomd¾;fïka;=j ;=< mj;ska ñksia iïm;a ysÕh .ek i<ld n,kúg" isyshg kef.k ;j;a m%Yakhla kï r:jdyk md,kh i|yd fmd,siaks,OdÍka jqjukdjg jeä ixLHdjla fhdod ;sfío hkakhs' r: jdyk md,khjeks fCI;%hka ;=< fmd,sia ks,OdÍka fjkqjg isú,a jeishka fhdojd.;yels njg fhdackd bÈßm;a ù we;' fuys§ kef.k m%Yakhla kï" tjekswhf.a j.lSu yd md,kh fl;rï ÿrg l%shd;aul l< yels o hkakhs'fmd,sia ks,Odßka yd isú,a jeishka taldnoaOj l%shd lrk jevigyka .eki<ld ne,Su jà' úkh" md,kh yd uQ,Huh iïm;a ms<sn| m%Yak flfiajqj;aie<ls,a,g Ndckh lsÍug isÿ fõ'

Tn fmd,sishg ljod fyda hï w,a,ila ms<s.kajd ;sfío@

meñKs,a,lalsÍug

fmd,siajd¾;djla

,nd.ekSug

pß;iy;slhla,nd

.ekSug

cd'ye'$.ukan,m;%h$ßhÿren,m;%hms<sn|j

ud¾.kS;s lvlsÍu

mss<sn|j

pQÈ;hl=jYfhkams<s;=re§ug

w;awvx.=jg$r|jd;eîug.ekSfï§

Tõ ke;

95

6'4 udkj ysñlï W,a,x>kh lsrSï

udkj ysñlï ms<sn| wjOdkh131 j¾Okh ùu ksid;a" ta ms<sn| ckudOfhaie,ls,su;aNdjh j¾Okh ùu ksid;a" fmd,sish úiska miq.sh oYlh ;=<§ udkjysñlï W,a,x.kh l< wjia:djka .Kkdjlau wkdjrKh ù we;' udkj ysñlïixúOdk úiska olajk Wkkaÿj m%udKh blaujd hEula nj;a" tla;rd uÜguljOysxid wjYH nj;a" fmd,sish we;a; jYfhkau úYajdi lrk ksid"132 udkjysñlï W,a,x.kh lsÍï iïnkaOfhka t;rï m%;spdrhla olajd fkdue;' fuhlK.dgqjg lreKls' iudchg wys;lr wmrdOlrejl= w,a,d Tyqg tfrysj kvqmejÍu i|yd udkj ysñlï tla;rd m%udKhlg W,a,x>Kh lsÍu idOdrK njgfmd,sia ks,OdÍka 42'7] la ;rula ÿrg tlÕ jk w;r" fmd,sia ks,OdÍyq 24'8]la imqrdu tlÕ fj;s' fuh o lK.dgqjg lreKls' wmrdOlrejkaaf.a udkjysñlï wdrCId lsÍug jvd iudch wdrCId lsÍu b;d jeo.;a njg 59'2] lam%n, f,i tlÕ jk w;r" 24'2] la iu m%udKhlg tlÕ fj;s'

ckudOH jvd;a wjOdkh fhduq lrkafka fmd,sia ia:dk we;=<; § isÿjk jOysxidfj; jqj;a" udkj ysñlï W,a,x>kh jk tlu wjia:dj th fkdfõ' tjeksjOysxid j,g wu;rj" wjdisodhl f,i ie<lSu" wjYH mshjr .ekSfukaje<lS isàu" w;a;fkdau;sl f,i w;awvx.=jg .ekSu yd r|jd ;eîu iy fjk;amSvdjka o fmd,sia ks,OdÍka úiska mqreoaola jYfhka lrkq ,efí'

6'4'1 jOysxid lsÍu yd r|jd ;nd .ekSu

w;awvx.=fõ isáh§ ñhhEï yd fmd,sia ia:dk we;=<; § isÿjk jOysxid lsßï.ek mqj;am;a jd¾;d u.ska ks;r wikakg ,efí'133 fcrdâ fmf¾rd yd <udfyajf.a ,d,a wdY%s; isoaëka tjeks jOysxid ms<sn| w;sYh ìysiqKq ksoiqkah' ,d,aurKhg m;a jQfha flfi,a leka folla fidrlï l< njg iel msg ßudkaâNdrfha isáh§ myr fokq ,eîfuks' f;dr;=re ,nd .ekSug;a" mdfmdaÉpdrK ,nd.ekSug;a fmd,sish iellrejka fj; jOysxid muqKqjk nj mejfia' urKhgm;ajk ;rug iellrejl=g myr§u jOysxid lsÍula nj kEu fmd,sia ks,Odßhl=okakd kuq;a" iellrejl= m%;sndOkh lsÍu i|yd kS;Hdkql+, n,d;aldrh fh§uiy lDr;r" wudkqIsl yd wjuka wdldrhg ie<lSu w;r fjki jgyd .ekSugTjqyq wiu;a fj;s' fuu ;;ajhg m%Odk fya;=j wjYH mqyqKqj fkd,eîu iyfmd,sish fukau wmrdOlrejka o yuqodlrKhg hqOldó;ajhlg m;aj ù ;sîuhs'

131 isú,a yd foaYmd,kuh ysñlï ms<sn| c.;a m%{ma;sfha fojk ffjl,ams; ixOdkh yd jOysxidj,gtfrys iïuq;sfha ffjl,ams; ixOdkh ksoiqkah'132 r|jdf.k isgsk whf.a kEoEhskag yd kS;s{hkag Tjqka yuqùug bvfok njg;a" /|jQjkaf.a whs;sjdislïms<sn| ,sÅ; idrdxY fmd,sia ia:dkj, m%o¾Ykh lsÍug;a" fmd,sia ia:dkj,§ isÿjk jOysxid ms<sn|jia:dkNdr ks,OdÍka j.lSug hg;a lsÍug;a cd;sl fmd,sia fldñiu tlÕ ù we;"133 fmd,sia ia:dk 29 l§ pQÈ;hka 46 fofkl=g tfrysj isÿ lrk ,o jOysxid l%shd 31 la udkj ysñlïfldñiu úiska 2001 § f,aLk.; lrk ,È' tarka .=âuka úisks' (RIGHTS-SRI LANKA: Torture, Stillinstilled in Police Culture by Aaron Goodman)

96

udkj ysñlï .re lsÍfï m%;sm;a;sh wmrdOlrejkag wod<j wkqÑ; nj ydwmrdO u¾okfha§ fmd,sisfha wid¾:la;jhg uq,ajk nj fndfyda fmd,sia ks,OdÍyqwo úYajdi lr;s'134

miq.sh oYl lsysmh ;=<§ fmd,sish ler,s lKavdhï u¾okh lrk n,ldhlanjg o m;a ù we;'135 ck;d úuqla;s fmruqfKa le/,a, yd 1983 jd¾.slflda,y, u¾okh i|yd fmruqK .ekSu fya;=fjka fmd,sisfha lS¾;shg le<,laisÿ ù we;' fuu wdl,amhka iudch ;=< o olakg we;' idCIs fyda mdfmdaÉpdrKhka,nd .ekSu i|yd iellrejkag ;rula ÿrg ysxid lsÍug fmd,sishg whs;shla;sfnk nj uyckhdf.ka 42'3] la úYajdi lr;s' iellrejka Widú fj;bÈßm;a fkdlr §¾> ld,hla ßudkaâ Ndrfha ;nd .ekSug ;%ia;jdoh je<elaùfïmk; u.ska fmd,sish fj; wjir § we;'136 fuu wjirh ksid úreoaOlrejkagmSvd meñKùu yd jd¾.sl úfYaIslrKhg u.mE§ we;s nj udkj ysñlïfldñiu m%ldY lr we;'

;jo" mSä; md¾Yajh wdrCId lrkq fjkqjg" m%foaYj, m%N+kaf.a md¾Yjh.ekSfuka fmd,sish iudkd;au;d úê úOdk o lr we;' fuh jeä jYfhkauisÿjkafka fmd,sish l%shd l< hq;= wjia:dj,§ tfia lsÍfuka je<lSu ;=<skah' fï,CIKh uE;l isÿ jQ wd.ï wdY%s; isÿùï .Kkdjlska meyeÈ,sj fmfka'foajia:dk .Kkdjlg tfrysj ;¾ck t,a,lrk ,o nj fmd,sishg meñKs,slrk ,o kuq;a" ta iïnkaOfhka fmd,sish l%shd;aul fkdjQ nj foajia:dk NdrmQclfhda mejiQy' fï yereKq úg" fmd,sia ks,Odßka idudkHfhka wod< m%foaYj,.ejiqk kuq;a" foajia:dkj,g .sks ;enQ wjia:dj,§ Tjqyq tys fkdisáhy'

fmd,sish úiska isÿ flfrk udkj ysñlï W,a,x>khka .ek jvd;au wikakg,efnkafka udkj ysñlï kvq jYfhka tajd fY%aIaGdêlrKh fj; bÈßm;a l<úgh' tjeks wjia:dj,§ fmd,sia ks,Odßka fjkqfjka fmkS fkdisàug kS;sm;sfomd¾;fïka;=j m%;sm;a;suh ;SrKhla f.k we;' óg wu;rj" fuu jerÈlrk fmd,sia ks,OdÍkag tfrys kvq jOysxid mk; hgf;a fufyhjkq ,efí'137

tfy;a fuu mK; hgf;a t;rï kvq .Kkla fufyhjd ke;' tfia jqjo" tjekskvq ixLHdj uE;l isg by< f.dia we;s nj fmfka'

ikakoaO yuqod hgf;a yd fmd,sish hgf;a r|jdf.k isák ldka;djka lKavdhïúiska ¥IKh lrk ,o yd urKhg m;a lrk ,o njg o fpdaokd .Kkdjlawe;'138

134 -135 jOysxid isÿ lsÍu we;a;jYfhkau jeä ù ;sfío" ke;fyd;a tu woyi we;s ù we;af;a ckudOHj, wjOdkh ksid±hs ksYaph lsÍu ÿIalrh'136 1979 wxl 48 orK wd{d mk;137 jOysxidj i|yd 7 jirl wksjd¾h isro~qjula kshu lrk jOysxidj,g tfrys iïuq;s óg oi jirlgfmr" tkï" 1994 § w;aika lrk ,o kuq;a" fuu mk; hgf;a id¾:l f,i fodaIK ;Skaÿjla fok ,oafoamqoa.,hka fofokl=g muKh'138 w;awvx.=fõ isák ia;%Ska ¥IKh lsÍu ms<sn| weïfkiaá bkag¾keIk,a wdh;k jd¾;dj - Y%S ,xldj" 2001

97

jOysxid meñKs,s .ek l%shd lsÍug wxY .Kkdjla msysgqjd ;sfí' kS;sm;sfomd¾;fïka;=fõ jOysxid tallh ñka tlls' fuu tallh jOysxid meñKs,s.ek muKla l%shd lrk fjku wxYhla jqjo" Bg ld¾hd,hla fyda iaÓrks,OdÍka lsisjl= fkdue;' fuu wxYfha fiajh lrk ks,OdÍkayg fjk;a wxYj,lghq;= o lsÍug isÿ fõ' tfyhska fuu tallh msysgqjk ,oafoa udkj ysñlïfldñiu i;=gq lsÍug muKla o ke;fyd;a jOysxid je<elaùfï ks¾jHdcfÉ;kdfjka±hs m%Yakhla u;= fõ'139

flfia fj;;a" jOysxid ms<sn|j mejfrk iEu kvqjl§u mÍCIK mj;ajkq,nkafka fmd,sia ks,Odßka úisks' cd;sl udkj ysñlï fldñiu úiska mÍCIKmeje;afjk wjia:dj,§ o úia;r wfõCIKh lsÍu i|yd flfrk mÍCIKfmd,sish ,jd isÿ lr .ekSug kS;sm;s fomd¾;fïka;=j jeä leue;a;la olajhs'140

fuu ;;ajh m%Yakhla jkafka ks, jd¾;d whq;= f,i fjkia l< wjia:dfndfydauhla ;sfnk fyhsks'141

iuyrúg fmd,sisfha msßySu jeä jYfhkau olakg ,efnkafka fuu wxYhgwod<jh' fjk;a fCI;%j, fuka fkdj" fuu m%Yakfha nrm;,lu fmd,sishgwjfndaO fkdùu;a" udkj ysñlï ixúOdk m%dfhda.sl fkdjk f,ilg lghq;=lrk nj fyda fmd,sia rdcldß bgq lsÍfïÈ hï m%udKhl lDr ie<elSfï wjYHnj fcHIaG fmd,sia ks,OdÍka jqjo úYajdi lsÍu fuu ;;ajhg fya;=fõ' fuuúYajdih ksid iellrejkaf.ka m%Yak lsÍfï úl,am iudc úoHd;aul l%ums<sn|j fyda wmrdO úoHdfõ fjk;a wxYhka ms<sn|j mqyqKqjla ,nd §fïWkkaÿjla we;s fkdfõ'

6'4'2 n,y;aldrfhka w;=reoyka lsÍï

;%ia;jdoh yd jd¾.sl .egqï jHdma;ùu;a iu. n,y;aldrfhka mqoa.,hkameyerf.k hEu ms<sn| fpdaokd t,a, úh' fuu n,y;aldr mqoa., meyer.ekSu iafõÉPd fkdjk w;=reoykaùï jYfhka o ye¢kafõ' m%Yak lsÍu i|ydyuqodj úiska yd fmd,sish úiska /f.k hk mqoa.,hka wdmiq fkdmeñKs njgjd¾;d .Kkdjlau ,eî we;'142 fuu ;;ajhg úYd, jYfhka u. mEfokafkayÈis kS;s fr.=,dis yd ;%ia;jdoh je<elaùfï mk; u.sks' r|jd ;nk mqoa.,hkaiu. mKsúv yqjudre lr .ekSug yelshdj Tjqkaf.a kEoEhskag mk; hgf;a,nd Èh hq;= kuq;a" iellrejka r|jd isák ia:dk .ek kEoEhskag ±kaùugfmd,sia ks,OdÍyq lsisÿ Wkkaÿjla fkd.ks;s'

139 ‘A Continuing Dilemma: The Prevalence of State Sponsored Violence in Sri Lanka’ LST ReviewVolume 15140 tu141 flauisß l=udr l,afoard kvqj ^ S.C.F.R& wheÿï wxl (343/99, SCM 6/11/2001142 isxyrdidf.a kvqj n,kak

98

w;=reoykaùï mÍCIK tallhla ±kg wmrdO úu¾Yk fomd¾;fïka;=j úiskamsysgqjd we;' kS;sm;s fomd¾;fïka;=j o w;=reoyka jQ mqoa.,hka fiùu i|ydfjku wxYhla msysgqjd we;' fuys§o" úu¾Yk ks,Odßkayg iajdëk f,i l%shdlsÍfï yelshdjla fkdue;' 1998 isgu kS;sm;s fomd¾;fïka;=fõ w;=reoyka jQmqoa.,hka fiùfï tallh úiska ,ndf.k we;af;a fodaIK ;Skaÿ 9 la muKls'tu tallfha mÍCIK lghq;= isÿ lrkafka wmrdO úu¾Yk fomd¾;fïka;=fõw;=reoykaùfï mÍCIK tallh u.sks' fuh t;rï i;=gqodhl ;;ajhla fkdfõ'mÍCIK lghq;= isÿl< hq;af;a udkj ysñlï fldñiu jeks iajdëk uKav,hlau.sks' fmd,sisfha lghq;= wëCIKh l< yelafla tjeks iajdëk uKav,hlamuKs' cd;sl udkj ysñlï fldñiug jqjo" wêlrKh fj; iDcqju ióm ùfïyelshdjla fkdue;'

6'4'3 oafõY iy.; kvq mejÍï

ks¾fodaIS isú,a jeishkag tfrysj oafõY iy.;j kvq mjrk njg fpdaokd t,a,lrkq ,efí'143 jOysxid meñKs,s t,a, fkdlsÍfï fldkafoaish u; fmd,sishúiska kvq mejÍï fkdlsÍug fmd,sish lghq;= lrk njg o hï fpdaokd we;'144

6'5 fmd,sish yd m%cdj w;r in|;dj

m%cdj ;=< ueÈy;alrejl= f,i l%shd lsÍug bÈßm;a ùu fmd,sisfha tla rdcldßlghq;a;ls'145 fmd,sia rdcldß id¾:l f,i bgq lsÍug uyck iyfhda.hw;HjYH nj b;d meyeÈ,s lreKls' tfyhska wmrdO je<elaùug fukau kS;shyd iduh wdrCId lsÍug o fmd,sish yd m%cdj w;r b;d hym;a in|;djlaf.dvk.d .; hq;= fõ' wmrdO .ek f;dr;=re ,nd .; yelafla fmd,sishms<sn| ±ä úYajdihla uyck;dj ;=< ;snqkfyd;a muKls' uyck iyfhda.htu úYajdih u; /£ ;sfí' cd;sl udkj ysñlï fldñiu fmkajd fokafkafmd,sish flfrys uyck úYajdih uo neúka uyck iyfhda.h fmd,sishgfkd,efnk nj;a" tu ;;ajh wmrdO je<elaùfï lghq;= flfrys wi;=gqodhlf,ig n,mdk nj;ah'

1970 oYlfha§ isÿjQ úma,jhg yd ta wdY%s; m%pKavldÍ l%shd fukau miqjyg.;a ikakoaO wr.,h fya;=fjka fmd,sisfha tf;la mej;s ys;jd§ ,CIKiïmQ¾Kfhkau fjkia ù" fmdÿck iqnfi;g mgyeks wdl,am uq,anei .ekSuwdrïN úh'146 fï ksid fmd,sish ms<sn| uyck wkqu;h b;du my;a uÜgulgweo jegqfKah'

143 tfy;a fuu m%ldYfha j,x.=Ndjh ksYaph lsÍu wmyiqh' fuh my; i|yka flfrkafka i;Hhla fydawê.ukhla jYfhka fkdj" uyck wkqfndaOhla f,i muKla nj isys ;nd .ekSu jeo.;ah'144 ;siai l=udrf.a kvqj145 ^Ô'tÉ' bkaøodi” úY%dñl fcH'fmd'w' (Core Responsibilities of the Police, Synergy in Blue – A Journalof the Retired Senior Police Officers’ Association, 2004) 28 jk msgqj146 weÑ,sia fcdaYma - úY%dñl fcHIaG ksfhdacH fmd,siam;s" Regaining Sri Lanka by “Zero Tolerance”Policing, Synergy in Blue 18 jk msgqj

99

jvd;a ld¾hCIu" úIh uQ,sl yd ck;d ys;jd§ wdl,amhka wkqj fiajfhakshqla; jk fmd,sia ks,Odßka ìys lsÍu i|yd Y%S ,xld fmd,sia wNHdi úoHd,hld,hg WÑ; wkaoug yev .eiS fkdue;s nj iuyre fpdaokd lr;s'147 udkqIslwdl,amhlska fiajh lsÍug mqyqKqjla fmd,sia ks,OdÍka fj; fkd,efnk njTjqyq fmkajd fo;s' ;uka fiajh lrk m%cdj ksisf,i wjfndaO lr .ekSufmd,sishg b;d jeo.;ah' isÿ jQ wmrdOhla ms<sn|j mÍCIK meje;aùugflfrk le|ùulg m%;spdrh ±laùu muKla ;u rdcldß j.lSu f,i is;kfmd,sishlg tjeks wjfndaOhla ,nd .; fkdyelsh'

fmd,sish yd m%cdj w;r mj;akd in|;djka Yla;su;a lsÍu i|yd hï hïl%shdud¾. uE;l§ .kakd ,È' tjeks jHdmD;s folla r;akmqr Èia;%slalfhaweye<shf.dv yd l=reúg hk ia:dkj, ±kgu;a wrUd we;'148 fuu jHmD;sm%Odk jYfhka mqrjeis lñgq u.ska m%cd fmd,sia fiajdjka bgq lsÍuhs' fuu lñgqfmd,sish yd tlaj uyck;dj ±kqj;a lsÍfï jevms<sfj,la l%shd;aul lrhs' ;u;ukaf.a ksfjia wjg m%foaYj, wdrCIdj iy;sl lr .kakd l%u fuu jevigykau.ska ksjeishkag f;areï lr fokq ,efí' fmd,siam;s pkaød m%kdkaÿ uy;d mjikwkaoug l=reúg m%foaYfha wmrdO uola wvq ù we;' fuu l%uh id¾:l jqjfyd;a"tjeks mqrjeis lñgq rgmqrd mságqùug fmd,sia fomd¾;fïka;=j ie,iqï lrwe;'149

w;awvx.=jg .kakd ,o fyda r|jd ;nd .kakd ,o mqoa.,hka yereKq úgfjk;a wkaoug fmd,sish uqK .eiqKq whf.ka nyq;rhla ^42'2]& fmd,sishWodiSk njla fmka jQ njh ta w;rska" 26'8] la mejiqfõ fmd,sish Tjqkgysßyer l< njhs' Tjqkg YdÍßl jOysxid l< nj 8'9] la mejiQy' fmd,sishúiska m%cd in|;d ÈhqKq lsÍug W;aidy orK kuq;a" pQÈ;hka flfrys ksiswjOdkhla fhduq fkdflf¾' pQÈ;hka jerÈlrejka njg Tjqyq fmr úksYaphlr;s' m%cd;ka;%jd§ rgl jerÈlrejkag mjd udkj whs;sjdislï ysñjk njTjqyq wu;l lr;s'

w;awvx.=jg .ekSu ms<sn|j$r|jd ;nd .ekSu ms<sn|j fmd,sish uqK .eiqKqwh yereKqúg" nyq;rhla mjikafka Tjqka l;dlrk NdIdfjka fiajh ,nd.ekSug Tjqkg yels jQ njhs' ;u ;ukaf.a m%Yak m%ldY lsÍu i|yd ,nd ÿkald, fõ,dj ms<sn|j ;rul wm%idohla Tjqka w;r ;sìK'

147 ^Ô'tÉ' bkaøodi" úY%dñl fcH'fmd'w' (Core Responsibilities of the Police, Synergy in Blue – AJournal of the Retired Senior Police Officers’ Association, 2004) 28 jk msgqj148-149 l=uqÈkS fyÜáwdrÉÑ" Crime’s Ugly Figures, Sunday Times 2004 wf.dia;= 29 bßod

100

7 moaO;suh ÿ¾j,;d

fmd,sia fomd¾;fïka;=fõ ÿ¾j,;djkag j.lsjhq;= fya;= idOl ú.%y lsÍfï§my; i|yka idOl wjOdkhg ,la l< hq;= fõ' ks,OdÍkaf.a .=Kd;aulNdjh"mqyqKqj" wëCIKh" Tjqka fj; ,nd § we;s myiqlï" ;s<sK yd Èß§ï" ¥IKfhan,mEu" fcHaIG ks,OdÍkaf.a ;¾ck yd rcfha fjk;a wxYhkays mj;akd ¥IKfhan,mEu'

7'1 n|jd .ekSï

7'1'1 fldia;dm,ajre

fldia;dm,ajrekag u;= oelafjk iqÿiqlï ^YdÍßl yd weia fmkSu ms<sn|iqÿiqlï j,g wu;rj& ;sìh hq;=h' jhi 18 yd 30 w;r ùu” w'fmd'i'^id'fm<& úNd.fhka fojrlg fkdjeä jdr .Kkl§ úIhka 6 lska iu;a ùisàu" tu úIhka 6 g .Ks;h iy NdIdj we;=<;aj ;sîu yd m<uq j;dfõ§úIhka 5 lskaj;a iu;a ù ;sìh hq;=h'

fndfyda wjia:dj,§ uyckhdg uqK .efik m%:u fmd,sia ks,Odßhdfldia;dm,ajrhdh' ta ksid fmd,sish ms<sn| uyckhd ;=< we;s jk m%;srEmhúYd, jYfhkau ;SrKh jkafka fldia;dm,ajrekaf.a yeisÍu wkqjh' mÍCIKlghq;=j, §o fndfyda wjia:dj,§ jeo.;a ld¾hNdrhla bgq lrkafka o fmd,siafldia;dm,ajreka úiskah' tfyhska Tjqkg wod< mqyqKqjla ,nd§u b;d jeo.;ah'w'fmd'i' id'fm& úNd. iqÿiqlïj,g wu;rj" wNsfhda.;d mÍCIKhla o meje;aùuiqÿiq njg ks¾foaY lrkq ,efí' fuu mÍCIKfha§ Wmdh fl!Y,H yd .eg¿ksrdlrK yelshd o we.ehSug ,la l< hq;=h' óg wu;rj whÿïlrejkaf.apß;h yd miqìu ms<sn| hï úu¾Ykhla l< hq;= fõ' uE; w;S;fha§ whÿïlrem%pKavldÍ fyda l,n,ldÍ l%shdj,g iïnkaO ù weoaohs tu úu¾Yk ;=<ska ±k.; yelsh' whÿïlref.a wjxlNdjh yd iodpdrh .ek o tu.ska ±k.;yelsh'

7'1'2 Wm fmd,sia mÍCIljreka

Wm fmd,sia mÍCIl ;k;=rg b,a ï lsrSug ;sìh hq;= iqÿiqlï ^YdÍßl yd weiafmkSu ms<sn| iqÿiqlïj,g wu;rj& fufiah' jhi 18 yd 25 w;r ùu"w'fmd'i' ^id'fm& úNd.fha§ tl jrl§ úIhka 6 lska iu;a ù ;sîu" tu úIhkaw;r .Ks;h yd NdIdjg we;=¿j iïudk idud¾: y;rla ;sîu yd w'fmd'i'^W'fm'& úNd.fhka o iu;aj isàuhs'

101

7'1'3' iyldr fmd,sia wêldrSka

iyldr fmd,sia wêldßka i|yd wjYH iqÿiqlï ^YdÍrl yd weia fmkSu ms<sn|iqÿiqlïj,g wu;rj& jkafka jhi 22 yd 26 w;r ùu yd hym;a pß;hlskafyì úYajúoHd, WmdêOdßfhla ùuhs' Bg wu;rj ish¿u whÿïlrejka ,sÅ;mÍCIKhlska yd iïuqL mÍCIKhlska o iu;a úh hq;=h'

7'1'4 ÿ¾j,;d

iyldr fmd,sia wêldÍka i|yd kshñ; iqÿiqlï yer" wfkla ;k;=re i|ydkshu lr we;s iqÿiqlï tu ;k;=re orK ks,OdÍkaf.ka wfmaCIs; ld¾hka ydidfmaCIj n,k úg t;rï .e,fmk njla lsj fkdyelsh' w'fmd'i' ^id'fm'&úNd.h iu;aùu t;rï wmyiq ld¾hla fkdfõ' ta i|yd m%Odk jYfhkauwjYH jkafka lgmdvï lr kej; ,sùfï yelshdj muKls' úYaf,aYkd;aulyelshdj fyda .eg¿ ksrdlrKh lsÍfï yelshdj mÍCIKhg Ndckh fkdlsÍufya;=fjka fuu úNd.h iïnkaOj ú fõpk t,a,fjñka mj;S'fldia;dm,ajreka n|jd .ekSfï§ uyck in|;djka mj;ajd .ekSu" ikaksfõokhfyda Wmdh fl!Y,Hh ms<sn| whÿïlrejkaf.a l=i,;d ie<ls,a,g .kq fkd,efí'uyckhd yd fmd,sish w;r uqK .eiSu m%:ufhkau isÿjkafka fldia;dm,ajrekau.ska fyhska Tjqka fj; fuu l=i,;d ;sîu b;d jeo.;ah'

wNsfhda.;d mÍCIK fyda nqoaê mÍCIK fyda idudkH ±kqu ms<sn| mÍCIK ofhdod.; hq;= njg ks¾foaY lrkq ,efí'

7'2 fmd,sish úiska iemfhk iydh

7'2'1 wëCIKh

j¾;udk fmd,sia moaO;sh ;=< b;d Wiia uÜgul wëCIKhla wfmaCId flf¾'tfiajqjo" jd¾;d ksisf,i wdrCId fkdflfrk njg yd wëCIK jHqyh ì| jeà;sfnk njg 1970 oS niakdhl fldñiu u.ska fpdaokd lf<ah'150 fmd,sia ks,OdÍkaixLHdj wjYH m%udKhg jvd wvq ksid" fmd,sia ks,OdÍka fj; mejfrk rdcldÍTfrd;a;= fkdfok ;rug wêl nj yd wëCIK lghq;=" miq úmrï lghq;= ydiaÓr lsÍug fmr ,nd.; hq;= mqyqKqj b;d ÿ¾j, ;;ajhl mj;sk nj fmd,siawNHdi úÿyf,a lghq;=j,§ fmruqK .;a fmd,sia fomd¾;fïka;=fõ b;d fcHIaGfmd,sia ks,Odßhl= iu. meje;a jQ iïuqL idlÉPdjl § wkdjrKh úh'

150 1970 12 jk ieis jd¾;dj - fmd,sia fldñifï wjidk jd¾;dj" cQ,s 1970 ^niakdhl fldñiu& rcfhauqøK fomd¾;fïka;=j

102

tfiajqjo" fcHIaG ks,OdÍkaf.a wëCIKh ;ukag m%udKj;a f,i ,enqKq njfndfyda fmd,sia ks,Odßyq ^95'8]& mji;s' mj;akd wëCIK mámdáh .ek ;ukaiEySulg m;ajk nj 81'5] la mejiQy' tfy;a idlÉPd i|yd le|jQ fcHIaGfmd,sia ks,Odßyq nyq;rhla fuu u;h yd tlÕ fkdjqy' wkdjrKh jQ ;j;ajeo.;a idOlhla kï" mqoa.,hkaf.ka 48'36] la woyi wkqj" fmd,sish ;=<n,;, whq;= f,i fhdod .ekSu isÿjkafka úkhdkql+, md,kh ksisf,i isÿfkdjk ksid yd wëCIKh uolu ksid njhs' hï m%udKhl wëCIK lghq;=l%shd;aul jqj o" tlaflda tu wëCIKh m%udKj;a fkdjk nj fyda ke;fyd;aúkhdkql+, md,k lghq;= fcHIaG ks,OdÍka w;ska isÿfkdjk nj fyda olskakwe;'

wëCIK ks,OdÍka úYd, ixLHdjla m%N+jrekaf.a wdrCIdj i|yd yd Tjqkaf.a.uka ìuka i|yd fhdojd.kq ,efí' Tjqkaf.a wëCIK rdcldß fuf,iskafkdi<ld yef¾' ^flfia jQjo ±kg rfÜ mj;akd wdrCIl ;;aj fya;=fldgf.km%N+ka wdrCId lsÍu i|yd úYd, fmd,sia ks,Odßka ixLHdjla wjYH nj ms<s.;hq;=h'& tfy;a" wfkla w;g" idlÉPd j,§ fy<sorõ jQ tla lreKla kï" fuum%N+ foaYmd,{hka ;ukag wdrCIdj i,ik fmd,sia ks,Odßka fj; n,mEïlrk njhs' fuu ;;ajh hgf;a fcHIaG ks,OdÍka yg ;u wëCIK rdcldßksisf,i bgqlsÍu ÿIalr fõ'152

7'2'2 úkh

fmd,sisfha úkh msßyS ;sfnk nj meyeÈ,sj fmfkkakg we;' fuu ;;ajhgm%Odk fya;=j foaYmd,k n,mEuhs' ióCIK ksheÈfhka 29'3] la fmd,siaks,OdÍkaf.a idudkH yeisÍu .ek wm%idoh m<lr isá w;r" Tjqkaf.a woyijQfha tu ;;ajhg fya;=j úkhdkql+, md,khla ksisf,i l%shd;aul fkdùu ydksis iqÿiqlï iys; wh fiajhg n|jd fkd.ekSu njhs' fïkhska" i<ld n,kúg" úkh md,k úê úOdk ;sfnk ^4 jk mßÉfþofha tajd úia;r lrk ,È&kuq;a" tu úêúOdk ksis wkaoñka l%shd;aul fkdflfrk njg u;hla mj;S'

lKsIaG fiajlhka w;r úkh mj;ajd .ekSu iïnkaOfhka ;uka ,;a w;a±lSïms<sn|j fcHIaG ks,OdÍyq buy;a lkiai,a, m%ldY l<y' lKsIaG fiajlhkaw;r úkh mj;ajd .ekSug lghq;= lsÍu ;=<ska m%dfoaYSh foaYmd,{hkaf.afldamh ;uka fj; t,a, jk nj fcHIaG ks,OdÍyq mejiQy' ta ksid Tjqkglsisjla l, fkdyels nj Tjqkaf.a ;¾lh úh' fuu ;;ajfha wjidk m%;sM,hjkafka ;u ;ukag ßis mßÈ l%shd lrñka" Wiiaùï o myiqfjka ,nd .kakd’jrm%ido¶ ,;a ks,OdÍ mx;shla ìysùuhs'153

152 fcHIaG fmd,sia ks,Odßhl= úiska lrk ,o ksÍCIKhla153 Y%S',x'g%d'b' wdh;kh úiska mj;ajk ,o iïuqL idlÉPdj,§ fcHIaG fmd,sia ks,OdÍka úiska olajk,o woyia' mqoa.,fhda ks¾kdñl nj wfmaCId l<y

103

7'2'3 mqyqKqj

mqyqKq mdGud,d fmd,sia wNHdi úoHd,fha§ yd Wiia mqyqqKq wNHdi úoHd,fha§meje;a fõ' iEu fldia;dm,ajrjl=gu NdIdj mqqyqKqj we;=¿" wdrïNl mqyqKqjiemfha'154 Wiia mqyqKq wNHdi úoHd,fha mqyqKq mdGud,d m%Odk jYfhkau Wiiaùï,;a ks,OdÍka i|ydh' Wm fmd,sia mÍCIlhkaf.a isg fmd,sia wêldÍka olajd;rd;srï j, ks,OdÍka yg tu mqyqKq mdGud,d meje;afõ' iEu ks,Odßhl=guudi foll mdGud,djla fiajhg we;=¿ ùfï§ fokq ,efí' jHdmdr l<uKdldÍ;ajcd;sl mdGud,dj,g" fjk;a foaAYkj,g yd kS;s wdOdr fldñiu u.ska meje;afjkjevuq¿ i|ydo ks,OdÍyq hjkq ,n;s' Wiia mqyqKq wNHdi úÿy, jd¾IslkejqïlrK mdGud,d mj;ajhs155

Wiia mqyqKq wNHdi úÿy, mqyqKqjla ,nd fokafka Wm-fmd,sia mÍCIljrekafj; yd Bg by< uÜgul ks,Odßkag muKla jqjo" uyckhd yg jeä jYfhkauqK .efikafka fldia;dm,ajreka yd idckaÜjrekah' fuu ks,OdÍka foj¾.hg,ndfok mqyqKqj uQ,sl mdGud,djlg muKla iSud fõ' fuu l%ufha wruqK jQfhafldia;dm,ajrekag yd idckaÜjrekag wjYH mqyqKqj fcHIaG ks,OdÍka úiska tata fmd,sia ia:dkj,§ ,nd § Tjqkaf.a rdcldßo tu fcHIaG ks,OdÍka úiskauwëCIKh lsÍuh' tu mqyqKq l%ufha moku jqfha wëCIKh hgf;a rdcldÍlrñka mqyqKqj ,nd §uhs'156 tfy;a fcHaIaG fmd,sia ks,OdÍka u; fndfydardcldß mjrd ;sîu ksid yd Tjqka fndfyda úg fmd,sia ia:dkfhka neyerjrdcldß lrk ksid" tu mqyqKq l%uh wid¾:l ù we;' fuys m%;sM,h jYfhkalKsIaG ks,OdÍka yg m%udKj;a mqyqKqjla ,nd .ekSug fkdyels fõ'157

7'2'4 iïm;a

iïm;a ysÕh fmd,sia rdcldß bgq lsÍug úYd, ndOdjlaj mj;sk nj msgm<d;aj,§ lrk ,o fCI;% ióCIKj,§ fy<s úh' fmd,sia ks,Odßka úYd,ixLHdjla fmd,sia ia:dkj,g wkqhqla; lr isáh o" fndfyda wjia:dj,§ Tjqka"fjk;a rdcldÍ"158 fj; hjk ,o ksid fmd,sia rdcldß lghq;= i|yd Tjqkafmd,sia ia:dkfha fkdue;s nj fmd,sia ks,OdÍyq mejiQy' ;jo" ,efnk ãi,abkaOk m%udKh ;u uqr m%foaYh jgd tla jrla hdug m%udKj;a fkdjk nj oTjqyq lshd isáhy' fuu ;;ajh hgf;a hï yÈis lghq;a;la i|yd le|jk ,oúg" Bg m%;spdr ±laùug fkdyels nj fmkajd fok ,È' fld<ôka msg m%foaYj,Ndú;h i|yd fmd,siam;sjrhd úiska h;=re meÈ weKejqï lrk ,È' thm%Yakhg m%udKj;a úi÷ula fõ±hs wjika f,i ;SrKh l< fkdyelsh'

154 mqyqKqj ms<sn| jeä úia;r i|yd jd¾;dfõ 4 jk mßÉfþoh n,kak155 Wiia mqyqKqj ms<sn| jeä úia;r i|yd jd¾;dfõ 4 jk mßÉfþoh n,kak156 Y%S',x'g%d'b' wdh;kh úiska mj;ajk ,o iïuqL idlÉPdj,§ fcHIaG fmd,sia ks,Odßhl= úiska olajk,o woyila'157 tfia jqjo fiajdia: mqyqKqj i|yd fldia;dm,ajreka hefjk nj i|yka l< hq;=h' Tjqkaf.a rdcldßlghq;= wêl neúka tu mqyqKqj i|yd hEug Tjqkg fndfydaúg fkdyels fõ'158 fuu rdcldß fndfydaúg m%N+ wdrCIdj yd uyck /<s meje;aùu ms<sn| wdrCIdj iemhSu úh'

104

wmrdO mÍCIK fomd¾;fïka;=j" wmrdO úu¾Yk ld¾hdxYh jeks wxYhkagmÍCIK lghq;= fufyhùug m%udKj;a myiqlï ,nd fkd§u lK.dgqjg lreKls'ã'tka'ta' mÍCIK meje;aùug myiqlï fkdue;s ùu úfYaIfhkau i|yka lrk,È'159 fï yereKq úg" meñKs,s igyka lr .ekSu i|yd mß.Kl l%uhla tlafmd,sia ia:dkhlg fyda ,nd § fkdue;' ish¿u meñKs,s w;ska ,sùug isÿ fõ'

wú wdhqO ysÕh o m%Yakhls' j¾;udkfha§ fmd,sishg fu,a, lsÍug isÿjkafkaiq¿ wmrdOlrejka fkdfõ' j¾;udk wmrdOlrejka yg b;d kùk wú wdhqO;sfí' fndfyda wmrdOlrejka yuqodj,ska mek .sh fin¿ka ksid wú Ndú;hTjqkg b;d fyd¢ka mqreÿh' tfy;a fmd,sishg t;rï kùk wú wdhqO fkdue;sjdmuKla fkdj" fmd,sia ks,OdÍka yg wú Ndú;h ms<sn| t;rï m%ùk;ajhla ofkdue;'160

by; i|yka lreKq i<ld n,d" úu¾Yk i|yd wjYH kùk hkaf;%dmlrK,nd §fuka wod< fmd,sia wxYhkaf.a l%shdldß;ajh kQ;k miqìug fhda.H jkmßÈ Wiia l< hq;= njg ks¾foaY lrkq ,efí' ieÕjQ leurd iys; kQ;k m%YaklsÍfï l=á" lgyË má.; lsÍfï hkaf;%damlrK" mß.Kl moaO;s hkdÈh .ekwjOdkh fhduq úh hq;=h'

wmrdO úu¾Yk lghq;= wm%udoj yd wdrCIdldÍ f,i l< yels jk fiafomd¾;fïka;=fõ m%jdyk myiqlï jeä ÈhqKq l< hq;= fõ' wmrdO úu¾Ykhi|yd fhdod .efkk r:jdykj, ’fmd,sish¶ hkqfjka mska;dre lr fkd;snqK o"tajd fmd,sia jdyk nj y÷kd .ekSu b;d myiqh' tfyhska ryiHNdjh wdrCIdjkmßÈ" úúO udÈ,sfha jdyk ^Ôma" jEka r:j,g wu;rj& Ndú;h ks¾foaY flf¾'óg wu;rj" fomd¾;fïka;=fõ r:jdyk ixLHdj yd tajdfha ;;ajh jeä ÈhqKql< hq;=h' wmrdO mÍCIK lghq;= muKla fkdj" wmrdO ms<sn| ryiHf;dr;=re tla /ia lsÍu i|yd o" fomd¾;fïka;=fõ jdyk ;;ajh Wmßuld¾hCIu;d uÜgfï ;nd .ekSu w;HjYH fõ' Èfkka Èku mq¿,a jk b,a ugiß,k mßÈ" fomd¾;fïka;=fõ ks,OdÍka fj; wLKav mqyqKqjla ,nd Èh hq;=h'óg ;dCIKsl mqyqKqjo we;=<;a úh hq;=h'

7'3 m%N+ msßia wdrCId lsÍu yd iïm;a kdia;sh

fmd,sia ia:dkj,g ,nd fok ks,OdÍka ixLHdj m%udKj;a fkdjk nj g%d'b'•',x'wdh;kh úiska mj;ajk ,o iïuqL idlÉPdj,§ wkdjrKh úh'161 tfy;a kshu;;ajh kï ks,OdÍ ysÕhla fkdjk nj tu idlÉPdj,§ meyeÈ,s úh' fmd,siaia:dk fj; m%udKj;a ks,Odß ixLHdjla ,nd fok ,o nj ,ehsia;= wkqj

159 jeä m%uqL;djla ,nd fok mÍCIKj,g fuu ndOl wod< fkdjkafka l=ula ksid±hs m%Yakhlau;=fõ'160 fuu wú wdhqO iemhSu fl;rï ÿrg .sh yelso yd fmd,sishg tjeks wú wdhqO myiqlï iemhSu fyd|úi÷ula±hs hk m%Yakh u;=fõ'161 ryiHNdjh wdrCId lsÍu wjYH ksid mqoa.,hka .ek i|yka l< fkdyelsh'

105

fmfkkakg ;sfnk kuq;a" fudjqkaf.ka jeä fokd m%N+ mqoa.,hkaf.a wdrCIdji|yd fmd,sia ia:dkj,ska neyer h;s' fï ksid fjk;a rdcldß bgq lsÍug fuuks,Odßkag fkdyels fõ' fcHIaG ks,Odßyq fndfyda fofkla o ’ixpdr¶ fiajfhakshqla; fj;s' tfyhska Tjqkag ;u ;ukaf.a fmd,sia ia:dkj, wëCIK rdcldßbgq lsÍug fkdyels fõ'

fmd,sish úiska wdrCIdj iemhsh hq;= m%N+jreka we;a; jYfhkau ljqreka±hsks¾jpkh lr .ekSug g%dkaiafmarkais bkagkeIk,a Y%S ,xld wdh;kh m%h;akhla±rE kuq;a" tu m%h;akh id¾:l jQfha ke;' m%N+jrhl= ljrl=±hs fndfyda úgksYaph lrkafka ufkda uQ,sl Wmudkhka wkqjh' 2001 § igka úrdu .súiquw;aika lsÍfuka miqj jqjo m%N+ wdrCIdj i|yd jehjk uqo,a m%udKh ie<lshhq;= f,i wvq ù fkdue;' fmd,sish fj; fjka flfrk uq¿ uqo,a m%udKfhkaúYd, fldgila m%N+ wdrCIdj i|yd jeh jk nj meyeÈ,sh'

7'4 fjk;a fomd¾;fïka;= ;=< mj;akd .eg¿

7'4'1 foaYmd,kuh n,mEï

bkaÈhdj yd mlsia:dkh fukau Y%S ,xldj o foaYmd,k n,mEï ms<sn| m%YakhguqyqK md isáhs' fmd,sish ;=< foaYmd,k n,mEu §¾. ld,hla uqq¿,af,a uq,aneif.k ;sfnk neúka" fmd,sisfha iEu wxYhlu lghq;= iïnkaOfhka úúO.eg¿ u;= ù we;'162 fndfyda fmd,sia ks,Odßka ia:dk udre .ek ìhg m;aj we;snj;a" m<s.ekSïj,g ,la lrkq ,eîfï ìh ksid fndfyda fcHIaG ks,OdrSka ;ulKsIaG ks,Odßkag tfrysj úkh md,k mshjr .ekSug fyda wdrCIdj ,nkodußlhkag tfrys lsisÿ mshjrla .ekSug o b;d wleue;s nj iïuqL idlÉPdj,§fmkS .sfhah'

cd;sl fmd,sia fldñiu msysgqjk ,oafoa fuu .eg¿ ksrdlrKh lsÍu i|ydh'fuu .eg¿jg wod<j cd;sl fmd,sia fldñiu iEfyk ÿrg id¾:l f,ilghq;= lr we;s kuq;a" fmd,sia ks,Odßka w;r úYajdihla f.dv k.d .ekSug;rï m%udKj;a ld,hla fldñiu fuf;la l%shd fkdl< nj fmkajd Èh hq;=h'foaYmd,kuh n,mEu ksid isÿl< yels ia:dk udre .ek fmd,sia ks,Odßyq;ju;a ìfhka miqfj;s' ta ksid ¥IKh ms<sn| m%Yakh ;ju;a tf,iu mj;S'

7'4'2 wêlrK yd kS;sm;s fomd¾;fïka;=j

fmd,sishg úreoaOj t,a,jk m%Odku fpdaokdj kï wld¾hCIu;djhs'wmrdOlrejka kS;sh bÈßhg f.k taug lgqh;= fkdlsÍu yd ta u.ska wmrdOje<elaùug fkdyelsùu" kS;sh l%shd;aul lsÍu m%udo ùu hk ÿ¾j,;djhkagfya;=j fmd,sisfha wld¾CIu;djh njg fmdÿ u;hla ;snqKs' tfy;a" kvq mejÍfï

162 fmd,sia wd{d mk; iïmdokh lrk ,oafoa ì%;dkH hq.fha§ ksid" tys wruqK Wiia iudc me,eka;shgfiajh lsÍu ñi" fmdÿ ckhdg fiajh bgq lsÍu fkdùh' uq,a wd{d mk; miq jirj,§ ixfYdaOkh lrk,o kuq;a" tys iajNdjh wkqj" ¥IKhg ;ju;a bv we;' óg m%Odk fya;=j kï" rcfha fjk;a fomd¾;fïka;=j,skafmd,sish iajdëk lsÍfï úê úOdk tys m%udKj;a f,i fkd;sîuhs'

106

m%udoùï j,g wêlrK moaO;sh yd kS;sm;s fomd¾;fïka;=j o j.lsj hq;= njms<s.; hq;=j ;sfí' fuu fomd¾;fïka;= fol fj; o ±ßh fkdyels ;rïj.lSï Ndr § ;sfí' ta ksid" kvq mejÍï wid¾:l ùï .ek fyda ,smsf.dkq jid±óu .ek fmd,sishg muKla fodaIdfrdamKh lsÍu hqla;s iy.; fkdfõ'163

kvq mejÍï lghq;=j, olakg ,efnk wld¾hCIu;djg j.lsj hq;= tla m%Odkfya;=jla kï wmrdO úu¾Yk mj;ajk fmd,sish yd wNs fpdaokd Ndr ks,Odßkaw;r mj;akd mr;rh nj wdishdkq udkj ysñlï fldñiu uE;l§ ksl=;a l<m%ldYhl i|yka fõ' mÍCIK lghq;= uQ,drïNfha isgu wNsfpdaokd Ndr kS;sm;sfomd¾;fïka;= yd fmd,sia fomd¾;fïka;=j w;r lghq;= iïnkaëlrKh flfrkl%uhla ls%hd;aul lsÍu jeo.;a nj tu fldñiu fmkajd ÿkafkah' m<mqreÿm%ùk wNsfpdaokd ks,OdÍkaf.a ysÕhla mj;sk nj;a" wNsfpdaokd lghq;= ÿ¾j,ùu flfrys fï ysÕh o n,mdk njo fldñiu fmkajd § we;'

163 ,smsf.dkq jid ±óug fyda jrola isÿ jQ nj m%uKj;a idCIs fkdue;sj ksYaph lsÍug fmd,siaks,OdÍkaf.ka b,a,k ,o ksYaÑ; wjia:d .ek wmf.a iïuqL idlÉcdj,§ fy<s lrk ,È'

108

8 ¥IKh uev meje;aùu i|yd f.k we;s mshjr

fmdÿfõ iEu rcfha fomd¾;fïka;=jlau úfYaIfhka fmd,sia fomd¾;fïka;=fõ;awvd, ùug m%Odk;u fya;=j ù we;aaf;a úúO iajrEmfhka ysi Tijk ¥IKhhs'fmd,sia fomd¾;fïka;=j foi iuia; jYfhka n,k úg" tys iajdëk;ajhlafkd;sfnk nj meyeÈ,sh' cd;sl fmd,sia fldñiu msysgqjk ,oafoa tu ÿ¾j,;djgms<shula jYfhka jqjo" ie<lsh hq;= fjkila isÿ lsÍug ;rï m%udKj;ald,hla th l%shd;aulj fkdmej;=Kq fyhska" fldñiu t;rï id¾:l fkdjQ njgu;hla mj;S'

¥IKfha idïm%odhsl iajrEmh jk w,a,i kï fndfydaÿrg wvq ù we;' tfiajqjo" ud¾. kS;s lv lsÍu iïnkaOfhka fmd,sish yd iïnkaO;d meje;a jQ whw;ßka 38'2] la fmd,sishg w,a,ia jYfhka uqo,a § we;' cd;sl ye÷kqïm;".uka n,m;%h fyda ßhÿre n,m;%h iïnkaOfhka fmd,sish yd iïnkaO;dmeje;a jQ whf.ka 7] la o fmd,sishg w,a,ia uqo,a § we;' w,a,ia ms<sn|fujeks iq¿ isÿùï idudkHfhka w,a,ia fldñiu úiska mÍCIKhg Ndckhlrkq ,efí' tfy;a w,a,ia fldñiug l%shd l< yelafla Bg ,efnk idOdrKmeñKs,s u; muKls'

fmd,sisfha iajdêk;ajh uolu ksid isÿjk fjk;a ¥IK j¾.hla o we;' ¥IKhhkq w,a,i muKla njg jerÈ wjfndaOhla mej;=k o" whq;= n,mEu yd {d;six.%yh jeks fjk;a iajrEmj, ¥IK o we;' fmd,sisfhka hym;a fiajhla ,nd.ekSug kï hï m%udKhl n,mEula wjYH nj fmdÿ úYajdihla mj;S' 61'3]lf.a yeÕSu jQfha fmd,sisfhka hym;a fiajhla ,nd .ekSug kï ksis foaYmd,kiïnkaOhla wjYH njhs' 61'7] lf.a woyi jQfha fmd,sia fiajh ,nd .ekSugkï" fmd,sia ks,OdÍka yd iu. fm!oa.,sl iïnkaOhla ;sìh hq;= njhs' fmd,siafiajh ,nd .ekSug Wiia iudc ;;ajhka wjYH nj 59'2] la o" uqo,a fm<UùulawjYH nj 57'2] la o úYajdi l<y' fmd,sish fj;ska hqla;sh yd idOdrKfiajhla ,nd .ekSug tjeks lsisÿ n,mEula wkjYH nj W!j m<df;a nyq;rhlaúYajdi l<y'

¥IKfha fuu iajrEmhka mj;akd ¥IK u¾ok hdka;%Khla úiska fkdms<s.efka'tfyhska tjeks ¥IK je,elaùug ud¾. l%shd;aul fkdflf¾' wjYH iïm;aiSudjk ;;ajhla hgf;a hï m%uqL;d wkqms<sfj,la wkqj l%shd lsÍug wjYH njmeyeÈ,sh' tfy;a tu m%uqL;d wkqms<sfj, hgf;a by< ;;ajhla orK whgjeä m%uqL;djhla ,nd fkdÈh hq;=h' wd¾Ól yd idudchSh whs;sjdislï iïnkaOfhkaóg iudk ;;ajhla ol=Kq wdm%ssldfõ mj;S' tys mj;akd l%uh wkqj" iudkd;au;djwdrCId lsßfï woyiska" l=uk frda.Ska frday,g we;=<;a l< hq;=o yd l=ukfrda.Ska we;=<;a lr fkd.; hq;= ±hs ksYaÑ; Wmudkhka frday,a fj; kshulsÍu wjYH fõ' l=uk mÍCIK blauka l< hq;= o yd iïm;a flf,i fjka l<

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hq;= o ksYaph flfrk Wmudkhka kshu lsÍu fuys§ isÿ úh hq;=h' m%N+jrekaf.awdrCId lgqh;= iïnkaOfhka úfYaI u. fmkaùula wjYH fõ' fï lreKqbÈßfha" ±kg l%shd;aul jk ¥IK u¾ok Wmdh ud¾. fuu mßÉfþofha§ú.%y flf¾'

¥IKh msgq ±lSu i|yd .kq ,efnk l%shd ud¾. uQ,sl j¾. ;=klg fnod±laúh yelsh' úu¾Yk ;=<ska ¥IK je<elaùu" ¥IK wjia:d wvq lsÍu ydwOHdmkh yryd ¥IK je<elaùu jYfhka' fuu mßÉfþ§ fuu l%shd ud¾. ydtajdfha id¾:lNdjh ú.%yhg ,lalr" wjYH ixfYdaOk bÈßm;a flf¾'

Y%S ,xldfõ ¥IK u¾ok Wmdh ud¾. m%Odk jYfhka w,a,ia fldñiug ydcd;sl fmd,sia fldñiug iSud fõ' w,a,ia iajrEmfhka isÿjk ¥IKh ms<sn|lgqqhq;= lsÍu w,a,ia fldñifï j.lSu jk w;r" cd;sl fmd,sia fldñiuúfYaIfhkau fmd,sia fomd¾;fïka;=fõ iajdëk;ajh wdrCId lsÍug;a" {d;six.%yh je<elaùug yd fjk;a j¾.j, fm<Uùï je<elaùug;a l%shd lrhs' fïyereKq úg" ¥IKhg uq,ajk mßmd,kuh ÿ¾j,;d .Kkdjka fmd,siam;sjrhdúiska y÷kdf.k we;s w;r" mßmd,k l%u ixfYdaOk ;=<ska tu ÿ¾j,;d bj;alsÍug mshjr ±kgu;a wdrïN lr we;'164

8'1 ±kg Y%S ,xldfõ l%shd;aul jk ¥IK u¾ok Wmdh ud¾.

8'1'1 cd;sl fmd,sia fldñiu

cd;sl fmd,sia fldñiu msysgqùug úêúOdk imhk ,oafoa 2001 wxl 17 jkwdKavq l%u jHjia:d 17 jk ixfYdaOkh hgf;ah' tfy;a tu fldñiu ks,jYfhka msysgqjk ,oafoa 2002 §h' fmd,siam;sjrhd yereKq úg wfkla fmd,siaks,OdÍka m;a lsßu" Wiia lsÍu" ia:dk udre lsÍu" úkhdkql+, md,kh lsÍu ydwia lsßu fldñifï n,;, j,g we;=<;a lr we;'165 fï yereKq úg" fmd,siafiajhg wh;a fmd,sia ks,Odßhl=g tfrysj hï ysxikhg m;a mqoa.,hl= úiskaflfrk fmdÿ meñKs,s Ndr .ekSug yd úu¾Ykh lsÍug mámdáhla kshu lsÍu"tjeks ysxikhla i|yd iykhla ,nd §u i|yd md¾,sfïka;=j úiska mkjd we;skS;sj,g wkql+,j fhda.H iykhla ,nd §u166 iy fmd,sia ks,Odßkaf.a ld¾hCIu;djyd iajdëk;dj jeä ÈhqKq lsÍu o fldñifï j.lSï w;r fõ'167

fukhska i<ld n,k úg" b;d mq¿,a jYfhka i|yka l<fyd;a" fmd,sisfha by<uÜgïj,ska t,a,jk n,mEïj,ska yd foaYmd,k n,mEïj,ska fmd,sia ks,OdÍkawdrCId lsÍu" fmd,sisfhka mSvdjlg Ndckh jQ mqoa.,hka fj; iykhla ,nd

164 ixj¾Okh i|yd u. t< lsßu ie<eiafï§ ¥IKh jeo.;a m%Yakhla f,i ksYaÑ; f,i i|ykafkdùu ie<lssh hq;=h'165 17 jk jHjia:d ixfYdaaOkfha 188 W ^1& ^w& j.ka;sh166 17 jk jHjia:d ixfYdaaOkfha 188 W ^2& j.ka;sh167 17 jk jHjia:d ixfYdaaOkfha 188 W ^3& j.ka;sh

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§u yd fmd,sisfha ld¾hCIu;dj jeä ÈhqKq lsßu cd;sl fmd,sia fldñifï m%Odkld¾hka fõ' fldñifï n,;, fmd,sia ks,Odßka m;a lsÍu" Wiia lsÍu" ia:dkudre lsßu" úkhdkql+, md,kh lsßu yd wia lsßu ms<sn|j muKla njg mj;skuyck u;h idjoH fõ'

fmd,sia ks,OdÍka Wiia lsÍu yd ia:dk udre lsÍu iïnkaOfhka fmd,siam;sjrhdiy cd;sl fmd,sia fldñiu w;r uq,a ld,fha§ n, wr.,hla mej;=Ks' 2003§ foaYmd,k n,mEï u; ie,iqï lrk ,o ia:dk udre lsÍï 60 la cd;slfmd,sia fldñifï ueÈy;aùfuka j<lajk ,È'168 óg wu;rj" uyck meñKs,siïnkaOfhka wjYH mshjr .ekSu i|yd fldñiu úiska Èia;%sla uÜgfï iïnkaO;dlñgq y;la msysgqjk ,È' uq,§ uyck meñKs,s 26 la ,enqKq w;r tajdmÍCIKhg Ndckh lrk ,È' Wiiaùï ,nd .ekSug wjYH iqÿiqlï ms<sn|jkS;s yd kshuhka fldñiu úiska m%ldYhg m;a lr we;' úkhdkql+, lghq;=j,§wkq.ukh l< hq;= mámdáka o fldñiu úiska kshu lr we;'

fï wkqj i<ld n,k úg" foaYmd,k n,mEï fya;=fjka isÿjk ¥IK l%shd iSudlsÍug cd;sl fmd,sia fldñiu iu;a ù we;s nj m%ldY l< yelsh'169 tfia jqjo"cd;sl fmd,sia fldñiu fj; fmd,sia ks,OdÍka fndfyda fofkl= ;enQ úYajdihm¨ÿ ù we;s nj lsj hq;=h'170 fndfyda fmd,sia ks,Odßyq ;ukag foaYmd,k ia:dkudreùï ,efí hhs b;d ìfhka miqfj;s'171 ióCIKhg iyNd.s jQ fmd,siaks,OdÍka 52'2] la m%ldY lf<a Tjqkf.a rdcldß lghq;= ìfhka ieflka f;drjbgq lsÍug cd;sl fmd,sia fldñiu Tjqkg iydh fkdjk njhs' tjeks iydhla;ukag fkd,efnk nj mejiqfõ 26'8] la muKls' fldñifï iydh fkd,efnknj mjik whf.ka nyq;rhla my< fY%AKsj, - tkï" fldia;dm,a yd ierhkafY%aKsj,g wh;a wh ùu wjOdkhg ,la úh hq;= ,CIKhls' fï iïnkaOfhkafldñiu .ek iEySulg m;a fkdjQ fmd,sia fldia;dm,ajrekaf.a m%;sY;h 18'7]la muKls' fcHIaG fmd,sia ks,Odßkaf.a hï ¥Is; ksfhda.j,g jvd;au md;%jkafkayd ta .ek fldñifï iydh jvd;au wjYH jkafka;a by; i|yka lrk ,olKsIaG fY%aKsj, whùu fya;=fjka fuu ;;ajh ie<lsh hq;= m%Yakhls'

fmd,sish we;=<; mßmd,kuh lreKq iïnkaOfhka cd;sl fmd,sia fldñiuid¾:l jQ njla fmfkkakg ;sfnk kuq;a" my< fY%aKsj, fmd,sia ks,OdÍka úiskaisÿ flfrk iq¿ w,a,ia .ekSï iïnkaOj fldñiu úi÷ula fidhd.;a njlafmfkkakg ke;' uyckhd yg jeä jYfhkau uqK .efikafka lKsIaG fY%aKsj,

168 5 jk mßÉfþoh169 cd'fmd'fld' ms<sn| yd Bg mjrk ,o n,;, ms<sn| úfõpk i|yd 5 jk mßÉfþoh n,kak170 fiajfha isák ks,OdÍka 770 la wyUq f,i f;dard iïuqL idlÉPd meje;aùfuka 2005 fmnrjdß 05isg 08 Èk olajd;" fmnrjdß 10 isg ud¾;= 03 olajd;a ’fidaI,a bkaäflag¾ ¶ wdh;kh úiska’g%dkaiafmarkais bkagkeIk,a wdh;kh¶ fjkqfjka mj;ajk ,o iemehqïldr ióCIKh171 Y%S',x'g%d'b' wdh;kh úiska l=reKE.,§ yd uykqjr§ m%cd in|;d ks,OdÍka iu. mj;ajk ,o iïuqLidlÉPdj,§ /ialr .kakd ,o f;dr;=re

111

fmd,sia ks,Odßka neúka" fuu ks,Odßka úiska isÿ flfrk n,;, whq;= f,ifhdod .ekSï yd w,a,ia .ekSï fmd,sisfha lS¾;s kduhg b;d úYd, jYfhkale<,a we;s lrk nj ie<lsh hq;=h'172

cd;sl fmd,sia fldñiug úreoaOj t,a,jk m%n,;u úfõpkh uyck meñKs,sms<sn| tys ld¾h mámdáhg wod< fõ' tlai;a cd;Skaf.a udkj ysñlï fldñiumejiQ mßÈ" cd;sl fmd,sia fldñiu úiska uyck meñKs,s ms<sn|j l%shd lsÍugld¾h mámdáhla jydu ;SrKh l< hq;= úh' tfy;a tjekakla ;ju;a isÿ ùfkdue;' 17 jk ixfYdaOkfha 155 W ^2& j.ka;sh uyck meñKss,s ms<sn| ld¾hmámdáhla i|yka lr ;sfnk kuq;a" fï ms<sn|j fjku tallhla msysgqùugcd;sl fmd,sia fldñiu fuf;la mshjr f.k fkdue;' ;jo" {d;s ix.%yh ydfoaYmd,k n,mEï ms<sn|j uyckhdg ;u wm%idoh m< lsßug hï wjia:djlao cd;sl fmd,sia fldñiu úiska imhd Èh hq;=h' cd;sl fmd,sia fldñifïks,Odßka nyq;rhla w¾O ld,Sk jYfhka fiajh lrk ksid yd §¾. úu¾Ykmeje;aùug m%udKj;a ld, fõ,djla Tjqkg fkd;sfnk ksid o" tfia isÿùu ieliys;h'

uyckhd w;ßka cd;sl fmd,sia fldñiu .ek wid ;snqfKa 49'1] la muKla njuyck woyia ióCIKfha§ fy<s úh' niakdysr" jhU yd W!j m<d;aj,nyq;rhla cd;sl fmd,sia fldñiu .ek wid ;snQ w;r" uOHu" ol=Kq" W;=re-uOHu yd inr.uq m<d;aj, nyq;rhla fldñiu .ek ±k fkdisáhy' ;jo"cd;sl fmd,sia fldñiu b;d M,odhs nj úYajdi lrkafka fmdÿckhd w;r 3'5]la muKls' th ;rula M,odhs nj 30] la úYajdi lr;s' cd;sl fmd,sia fldñiut;rï M,odhs fkdjk nj 17'9] la yd th fldfy;au t,odhs fkdjk nj13'6] la o úYajdi lr;s'

8'1'2 w,a,ia fyda ¥IK fpdaokd úu¾Yk fldñiu ^w,a,ia fldñiu&

1994 wxl 19 orK mk; hgf;a msysgqjk ,o w,a,ia fldñifï ksYaÑ; wruqKqjQfha w,a,ia yd ¥IK fpdaokd úu¾Ykhg Ndckh lsÍu;a" w,a,ia wd{d mk;yd 1973 wxl 1 orK j;alï yd j.lSï fy<orõ lsrSfï kS;sh hgf;a isÿflfrk jerÈ i|yd wNsfpdaokd bÈßm;a lsÍu i|yd ud¾f.damfoia §u;ah'173

flfia jqjo fldñiu úu¾Ykh l< yelafla ’wjHdc meñKs,s¶ muKls' Bg taksid ;ukaf.au úu¾Ykj, fhÈh fkdyel' w,a,ia fomd¾;fïka;=fõ úu¾YkwxYh iukaú; ù ;sfnkafka fmd,sia fomd¾;fïka;=fõu ks,Odßkaf.ka muKls'fuu ks,Odßyq fmd,siam;sjrhdf.a ia:dk udre ksfhda.j,g hg;a fj;s' fuu;;ajh hï hï m%Yakj,g ;=vq fohs' iuyrúg úu¾Yk mj;ajk ks,OdÍkayg"miqj úu¾Ykhg Ndckh lrk ,o ks,OdÍka iu.u fiajh lsÍug isÿ úh yelsh'

172 fï ksid r:jdyk fmd,sish úiska w,a,ia .ekSï ksid iuia; fmd,sisfhau fyd| ku úkdY fõ'173 1994 wxl 19 orK w,a,ia yd ¥IK fpdaokd úu¾Yk fldñiu wd{d mk; ^m%ia;djkdj&

112

2002 jif¾oS fldñiu úiska wêlrKh fj; bÈßm;a lrk ,o rcfha fiajlhka29 fokdf.ka 25 fofklau fmd,sia ks,Odßyq jQy' 2003 § fldñiu úiskawêlrKh fj; bÈßm;a lrk ,o rcfha fiajlhkaa 23 fofkl=f.ka 12fofkla fmd,sia ks,Odßyq jQy' w,a,ia fldñiu iïmQ¾Kfhkau wid¾:l fkdjQnj bka fmkS hk kuq;a" fuu kvq fndfydauhla ’w,a,ia¶ yd iïnkaO jQ tajd ñi"fjk;a ¥IK l%shd yd iïnkaO tajd fkdjQfhah' ;jo" wêlrKh fj; bÈßm;alrk ,o rcfha fiajlhka w;r jeä jYfhka fmd,sia ks,Odßka isá ksidu"fmd,sia fomd¾;fïka;=j jvd;au ¥Is; wdh;kh f,i ie<lSu idOdrK fkdjknj isys;nd .; hq;=h' fmd,sish yd uyck;dj w;r ks;r ks;r uqK .eiSïisÿjk fyhska" fmd,sish yd iïnkaO ¥IK fjk;a rcfha fomd¾;fïka;= ;=<isÿjk ¥IKj,g jvd fnfyúka meñKs,s lrkq ,efí' ;jo" ¥IK uÜgu ofjkiah' fmd,sish ;=< isÿjk w,a,ia iïnkaOfhka w,a,ia §ug isÿjkafkaidudkHfhka ÿmam;a ck;djg jk w;r" bka Tjqkg jdishla isÿ fkdfõ' tfyhskameñKs,s lsÍug wjia:d wêlh' ksoiqkla ±lajqjfyd;a" f¾.=j iïnkaO w,a,iawjia:dj,§ w,a,ia §ug isÿjkafka jHdmdßlhka ygh' w,a,ia §fuka tujHdmdßlhka yg úYd, jdis isÿjk ksid meñKs,s lsÍï isÿ fkdfõ'

fldñiu msysgqjk ,oafoa m%Odk jYfhkau ¥IK fpdaokd úNd. lsÍu i|ydksid" ¥IKh msgq olsk Wmdh ud¾. fh§ug fyda ¥IKh ms<sn|j uyckhdf.a±kqj;alu jeäÈhqKq lsÍug mshjr .ekSug th ne£ fkdue;' tfiajqjo" ¥IKhms<sn|j uyckhd ±kqj;a lsÍug fukau" ¥IK meñKs,s le|ùug o fldñiul%shdlr we;' tu l%shdud¾.hka fndfyda ÿrg id¾:l ù we;' Y%S ,xldfõ w,a,iafldñiu uQ,sl jYfhka l%shd lrkafka mÍCIK meje;aùu i|yd ñi" ¥IKhje,elaùfï Wmdh ud¾. iïnkaOfhka fyda m%cd in|;djka iïnkaOfhka fkdjknj isys ;nd .ekSu jeo.;a fõ'

fmd,sish ;=< ¥IKhg tfrysj l%shd lrk m%Odk wdh;k fol cd;sl fmd,siafldñiu yd w,a,ia fldñiuh' w,a,ia fldñifï m%Odk wjOdkh fhduq jkafka¥IK ld¾hkays fhfok ks,Odßka kS;sh bÈßhg muqKqjd Tjqkg ovqjï ,nd §uflfrysh' cd;sl fmd,sia fldñiu jeä jYfhkau ksr; jkafka foaYmd,kn,mEï u¾okh lsÍu ;=<ska ¥IK wju lsÍfï ld¾hkaysh' fï yereKq úg"úfYaI úu¾Yk tallhg meñKs,s lsÍu jeks idudkH mámdá wkq.ukh lsÍu;=<ska o uyckhd yg ¥Is; ks,Odßkag úreoaOj mshjr .; yelsfõ'

8'1'3 úfYaI úu¾Yk tallh

Y%S ,xld fmd,sisfha mÍCIK l%shd mámdáh úfYaI úu¾Yk tallhhs' fuutallfha ld¾hh uyck meñKs,s Ndrf.k úu¾Yk meje;aùuh' tfy;a fuutallh iyldr fmd,sia wêldÍka ;=ka y;r fokl=f.ka muKla iukaú; fõ'meñKs,s igyka lr .ekSfï ld¾h l< yelafla i'fmd'w' fyda Bg by< ks,OdßkagmuKla fyhska" m%udo ùu je<elaúh fkdyelsh' ;jo" jOysxid yd lDr;r

113

ie<lSï iïnkaOfhka Y%S ,xld fmd,sia fomd¾;fïka;=j kïord isák fyhska"uyckhd ;u meñKs,s fmd,sish fj;g bÈßm;a lrkq we;ehs wfmaCId l<fkdyelsh' fmd,sia fomd¾;fïka;=j iajdëk úu¾Yk wxYhla msysgqúh hq;= njt'cd'ud'y'fld' mjid we;' úfYaI úu¾Yk tallh iajdëk njla lsj fkdyel'

fï w;r" m%dfoaYSh meñKs,s uOHia:dkh msysgqùfuka úfYaI úu¾Yk tallúuOH.; lsÍfï l%shd ms<sfj<la o wkq.ukh flfrñka mj;S' tu l%shd ms<sfj<;ju;a uq,a wÈhf¾ mj;s' fuh m%Yxid ,eìh hq;= m%h;akhl' tys id¾:lNdjh.ek ;ju hula lsj fkdyelsh' ;jo fjk;a rgj, wNHka;r lgqhq;= Ndrld¾hdxY fuka fkdj" úfYaI úu¾Yk tallhkaj, fiajh lrk ks,Odßyq tutallj,g wh;a ks,Odßyq fkdjk ksid ia:dkudrej,g Ndckh fj;s' fï ;;ajhhgf;a úu¾Yk mj;ajk ks,Odßkayg tu úu¾Ykj,g ,lajk ks,Odßka iu.iuyrúg fiajh lsÍug isÿúh yelsh'174

8'2 fmd,siam;sjrhd úiska uE;l§ l%shd;aul l< mßmd,kuh fjkialï

±kg l%shd;aulj mj;akd hdka;%Khkag wu;rj" ¥IKh iSud lsÍfï w¨;a l%ulsysmhla fmd,siam;s pkaød m%kdkaÿ uy;d úiska l%shd;aul lr we;' ¥IKh my;i|yka iQ;%h u.ska ukdj ks¾jpkh lr we;'

wNsu;h ¤ taldêldrh - j.lSj hq;=Ndjh } ¥IKh

my; i|yka l%u u.ska wNsu;h iy mj;akd taldêldr iSud lr j.lsjhq;= njj¾Okh lsÍug fmd,siam;sjrhd mshjr f.k we;'

8'2'1 wNsu;h iSud lsÍu

ud¾. kS;s lv lsÍu ms<sn|j l%shd lSÍfï§ fmd,sia ks,OdÍka fj; ;sfnkwNsu;h iSud lr we;’ r:jdyk md,kfha ksr; fldia;dm,ajrekaf.a ld¾hhkagueÈy;a fkdjk f,i fcHIaG fmd,sia ks,OdÍkag Wmfoia § we;’

8'2'2 taldêldrhka ì| ±óu

fmd,sish hgf;a mj;akd iuyr m%foaY ;=< taldêldrhka mj;ajd .ekSug iuyrlKavdhï uE;l isg weíneys ù we;' fujeks taldêldrhka ksid ¥IKh myiqfjkauysi Tijhs' flfiao lsjfyd;a" wod< m%foaYhla hgm;a lrf.k isák odußlhkafyda fjk;a wh úiska fmd,sia ks,Odßka ’ñ,g f.k¶ tu.ska tu m%foaY ;=<taldêldrhla we;s lr .kS' ’n,h ¥IKh fõ¶ wêl n,h wêl f,i ¥IKhfõ" hk m%ldYh fmd,sish iïnkaOfhkao fhda.H fõ' fmd,sish hgf;a mj;akdhï hï wxYhkays taldêldrhka msysgqjdf.k ;sfnk wdldrh;a" fmd,sish úiskata ;=<ska ¥IKh isÿùu je<elaùug W;aidy lrk wdldrh;a my; i|yka ksoiqkafoflka fmfkkq we;'

174 úfYaI úu¾Yk tallfha l%shdldß;ajh i|yd n,kak ‘A Continuing Dillemma: The Prevalence of StateSponsored Violence in Sri Lanka” LST Review, Vol 15. 208 & 209, February & March 2005

114

8'2'2'1 ta ta m%foaYhka ;=< fmd,sishg ysñ taldêldrh

mßmd,kuh fya;=ka u; Y%S ,xld fmd,sish" n, m%foaY" Èia;%sla yd fmd,sia ia:dkj,gfnod fjka lr we;' fuys m%;sM,hla jYfhka iuyr fmd,sia ia:dk ;u ;ukagwh;a m%foaY ;=< taldêldrhla mj;ajd .ekSug iu;a ù we;' fuu l%uh hgf;aúI u;aøjH cdjdrïlrefjda yd yDoidCIshg úreoaOj l%shd lrk iuyrfoaYmd,{fhda fmd,sia ia:dk ;=< hï ks,OdÍka iu. hï ñ;%;ajhla mj;ajd.ekSug iu;a fj;s' fï wdldrfhka Tjqyq fmd,sisfha ’ueÈy;aùfuka f;drj¶ ;ucdjdrïf.k hdug iu;a fj;s' fï yereKq úg" iuyr fmd,sia ia:dkj, m%OdkSkamjd md;d, f,dalfha kdhlhka úiska uqo,a ud¾.fhka Tjqkaf.a wKilg hg;a lrf.k we;' fuu ;;ajh hgf;a m%cdj wirKNdjhg m;a ù" m%foaYfha wmrdOj,gtfrysj lsisjla l< fkdyelsj isá;s'

fuu ;;ajhg ms<shula jYfhka ’uOHu ¥IK u¾ok yuqod¶ l%uh wdrïN lrwe;' fuu ¥IK u¾ok tall ryiH f,i l%shd lrk w;r úI u;aøjHcdjdrïlrejka b,lal lr .ks;s' l=vd mßudK fj<ÿka miq mi fkdj uydmßudK úI u;aøjH cdjdrïlrejka miq miu muKla fmd,sish hd hq;= njg;snQ woyi ±ka m%;sfCIam lrkq ,en we;' Y%S ,xldfõ úI u;aøjH fjf<|fmdf,am%Odk l%shdlrefjda iq¿ fjf<kafoda fj;s' uyd mßudK yjq,alrejka úfoaYj,isák iemhqïlrejkah' fuu uOHu tall t;rï m%isoaêhg m;a ù fkdue;af;atajd ryis.;j l%shdlrk ksidh' tu tall ksid úI u;aøjH fj<|du fndfydaÿrg wvq ù we;' Bg wu;rj" fuu tall ksid" ¥IK l%shdj,g yjq,aùug hïìhla fmd,sia ia:dk w;r olakg ,efí' hï fmd,sia ia:dkhla u;aøjH cdjdrïlrejkaw,a,d .ekSug wiu;a jqjfyd;a fyda ;u m%foaY ;=< u;aøjH fj<|dula fkdue;snj jd¾;d lr ;snqKfyd;a" túg uOHu ÿIK u¾ok tallhla u.ska tu m%foaY;=< u;aøjH fjf<kaoka w,a,d.kq ,enqjfyd;a" túg fmd,sia ia:dkh f.k hkfm%davdj fy<sorõ fõ'

fuu l%uh jeä jYfhkau b,lal lrkq ,nkafka u;aøjH cdjdrï fj;h' tul%ufha olakg ,efnk uQ,O¾uh b;d jeo.;a fõ'

8'2'2'2 fgkav¾ ms<sn| taldêldrh

fgkav¾ Ndr§u iïnkaOfhka by; ld,fha§ ;dCIK we.ehSï lñgqjgtaldêldrhla ysñ ù ;sìK' fgkav¾ uKav,fha iNdm;s f;dardm;a lsÍfï n,húIhNdr ksfhdacH fmd,siam;sjrhd fj; mjrd ;sìKs' tfy;a w¨;a l%uh hgf;a;dCIK we.ehSï lñgqfõ we.ehSu ms<s.ekSug fgkav¾ uKav, ne£ ke;'we.ehSï lsÍfï n,;, fgkav¾ uKav,h fj; mjrk ,È' ;jo" fgkav¾uKav,hg iemhqïlrejka mqoa.,slj uqK .eiSu ;ykï úh' iemhqï NdrksfhdacH fmd,siam;sjrhd iajdëk ksÍCIlhl= f,i lghq;= lrhs' Tyq fgkav¾uKav,fha idudðlhka fkdfõ' .nvd l<uKdlref.a taldêldrh o bj;a lrk

115

,È' NdKav Ndr .ekSug fmr" tajdfha m%ñ;sh idïm,fha m%ñ;shg iudk njiy;sl lr .ekSu i|yd NdKav ;dCIK we.ehSï lïgqj úiska wkqu; l< hq;=úh' ;jo" fgkav¾ bÈßm;a lsÍu f,aLk.; iemhqïlrejkag muKla iSudfkdlr" Wkkaÿjla olajk ´kEu md¾Yjhlg újD; lrk ,È'

8'2'3 j.lSï y÷kd.; yels l%u moaO;shla msysgqùu

;uka hgf;a fiajh lrk whf.a l%shdjka i|yd fcHIaG ks,Odßka j.lsj hq;=l%u moaO;shla ìys lsÍu ;=<ska j.lSï ms<sn|j ish,a,kau iSrefjka ;nkmshjr .ek fmd,siam;sjrhdf.a wjOdkh fhduq ù ;sfí' fï wkqj" n,h whq;=f,i fhdod .ekSu ms<sn|j lKsIaG ks,OdÍka jerÈlrejka lrk ,ofyd;a"ia:dk Ndr ks,Odßhd ta .ek j.lSu Ndr.; hq;=h' udrú, fmd,sisfha i;rfofkl= w,a,ia fpdaokd iïnkaOfhka w;awvx.=jg .kakd ,o wjia:dfõ§" ia:dkNdr ks,Odßhd Bg j.lsj hq;= úh' fuu j.lsj hq;a;d y÷kd .ekSu ilrKl%shdj,g muKla fkdj wlrKh i|yd o l%shd;aul fõ'175

8'3 Y%S ,xldfõ ¥IK u¾ok Wmdh ud¾. yd f.da,Sh miqìu

Y%S ,xldfõ ¥IK u¾ok Wmdh ud¾.hka fuu fldgfia§ fydxfldxys l%shd;auljk ¥IK u¾ok iajdëk fldñiu yd iu. ikaikaokd;aulj i<ld nef,a' fuufydxfldx fldñiu fj; wjOdkh fhduq flfrkafka th f,dalfha wka rgj,gwdo¾Yhla jYfhka ms<s.efkk fyhsks'

fydxfldx ¥IK u¾ok iajdëk fldñiu f;jeoEreï l%shd ud¾.hla .kakd njfmfka'176 th úu¾Ykh" je<elaùu yd wOHdmkh hk ;%súO wxYhka fj;wjOdkh fhduq lrh'

úu¾Yk lghq;= fufyhqï fomd¾;fïka;=j Ndrfha mj;S' fuu fomd¾;fïka;=jfm%dala; ¥IK l%shd ms<sn| meñKs,s Ndrf.k" tajd fj; ie<ls,a, fhduq lr"tajd úu¾Ykhg Ndckh lrhs' ksjdrKh" ¥IK ksjdrK fomd¾;fïka;=fõj.lSu fõ' fuu fomd¾;fïka;=j rcfha fomd¾;fïka;=j, yd fmdÿ wdh;kj,mßphka yd mámdáka ú.%yhg Ndckh lrñka ¥IKhg we;s bvlv iSud lrhs'Bg wu;rj" mqoa.,sl wdh;kj,ska b,a,Sï ,enqKfyd;a" tajdg ¥IK ksjdrlWmdh ud¾. ms<sn| Wmfoia ,ndfohs' wOHdmk lghq;= Ndrj l%shd lrkafka m%cdiïnkaO;d fomd¾;fïka;=jhs' fuu fomd¾;fïka;=fõ ld¾hh ¥IKfha wd§kjms<sn|j uyckhd ±kqj;a lsÍu yd ¥IKh msgq ±lSug uyck iyfhda.hm%j¾Okh lsÍuhs'

175 fmd,siam;s pkaød m%kdkaÿ uy;d iu. mj;ajk ,o iïuqL idlÉPdjlsks’176 http://www.icac.org.hk/eng/main/

116

Y%S ,xldfõ ¥IK u¾ok Wmdh ud¾. ±kg jeä wjOdkhla fhduq lrkafka

úu¾Ykh flfrysh' ksjdrk lghq;= yd wOHdmkh fkdi<ld yefrk ;rïh'

ksjdrK lghq;= yd wOHdmk lghq;= CIKsl fyda lemS fmfkk m%;sM, we;s

fkdlrhs' tfia jqjo" tu l%shd ud¾. fol ¥IKfhka f;dr iudchla ;sridr

f,i mj;ajd .ekSug u. i<ihs' tfyhska tu l%shd ud¾. fol o úu¾Yk

lghq;= yd iudka;rj wkq.ukh l< hq;=fõ'

uyck ±kqj;alu jeä ÈhqKq lsÍu i|yd w,a,ia fldñiu úiska wOHdmk

jHdmD;s Èh;a lr ;sîu;a" fmd,sia fomd¾;fïka;=j ;=< ¥IKh msgq ±lSug

l%fudaml%u fmd,siam;sjrhd úiska fhdod ;sîu;a" fmd,sia fomd¾;fïka;=j ;=<

mj;akd ksYaÑ; ¥IK m%Yakj,g wod<j l%shd lsÍug ud¾f.damfoaY lñgqjla Tyq

úiska m;a lr ;sîu;a i;=gg lreKls' ia:dk udre lsÍï yd Wiia lsÍï i|yd

mßl%uhka kshu lsÍfuka cd'fmd'fld' tu fCI;% ;=< foaYmd,k n,mEï iSud

lsÍug lghq;= lr ;sîu o i;=gg lreKls'

tfia jqjo" fmd,sish ;=< ¥IKhg fya;=jk .eUqre fya;+ka foi jeä wjOdkhla

fhduq lsÍu yd ¥IK ksjdrK w¨;a Wmdh ud¾. fidhd ne,Su wjYH nj fmkajd

Èh hq;=h' fïjd uÜgï foll§ isÿúh hq;=h' ud¾. kS;s lv lrkakkaf.ka

w,a,ia ,nd .ekSu yd meñKs,s igyka lr.ekSu i|yd yd meñKs,sj, msgm;a

ksl=;a lsÍu i|yd mdßf;daIs; ,nd .ekSu jeks iq¿ ¥IK l%shd m%:ufhka fu,a,

l< hq;= fõ' foaYmd,k n,mEï yd md;d, f,dalh úiska fmd,sia ks,Odßka

fufyhjkq ,eîu jeks uyd mßudK ¥IK m%Yak fj; bkamiq ie<ls,a, fhduq

l< hq;= fõ' fuu ¥IK j¾. folu u¾okh lsÍu iudk f,i jeo.;a nj

fmkajd Èh hq;=fõ' lKsIaG ks,Odßyq miqj fcHIaG ;k;=rej,g Wiia lrkq

,efnhs' fmd,sia fomd¾;fïka;=j ¥Is; wdh;khla njg woyila uyckhd ;=<

we;s jqjfyd;a" fmd,sish fj; uyck úYajdih ì£ f.dia" fmd,sishg ;u

fiajdjka id¾:l f,i l< fkdyels ;;ajhla Wodjkq we;'

8'4 ±kg l%shd;aulj mj;sk hdka;%Khkaf.a id¾:l;ajh

óg fmr cd;sl fmd,sia fldñifï ks, ld,h 2005 § wjika úh' w¨;a

fldñifï idudðlhka m;a lsÍug m%:ufhka ^ks, ld,h wjika ù udihla

we;=<;&" fmd,sia ks,Odßkaf.a ia:dk udre .Kkdjlau isÿ lrk ,È' th

wdKavql%u jHjia:djg mgyeKsh' Bg fmr cd;sl fmd,sia fldñifï /ljrKh

,;a ks,Odßyq ia:dk udre ksfhda.j,g Ndckh lrk ,oy' fndfyda fmd,sia

ks,OdÍkag cd;sl fmd,sia fldñiu flfrys lsisÿ úYajdihla fkd;snk neúka"s

117

Tjqyq by< ks,Odßkaf.ka uqyqKmdk ;¾ck iïnkaOfhka fldñifï wdrCIdj

fkdm;;s'177 ;jo" foaYmd,kuh n,mEï u; isÿjk ia:dkudre ms<sn|j mj;sk

ìh we;a; jYfhkau ;=rka lsÍug cd;sl fmd,sia fldñiu iu;a ù fkdue;'178

¥IK l%shdj,g iïnkaOùug leue;a;la fkdolajk fndfyda fmd,sia ks,OdÍka

;uka widOdrKhkag f.dÿrej isák nj;a" tfy;a iykhla ,nd .ekSug Tjqkg

yelshdjla fkdue;s nj;a" mjiñka lkiai,af,ka miqjk nj fld<ôka msg

fmd,sia ia:dk fj; yd m%cd ixúOdk fj; .sh .uka j,§ meyeÈ,sj olakd ,È'

fmd,sia ks,Odßkaf.a wdrCIdj i|yd fhdod ;sfnk hdka;%K flfrys tu ks,OdÍkaf.a

úYajdih lv ù we;akï" tu hdka;Kj, lsisÿ M,la fkdue;s nj fmkajd Èh

hq;= fõ' kS;shg mgyeksj ia:dk udreùï úYd, ixLHdjla ksfIaO lsÍu .ek

cd;sl fmd,sia fldñiu fj; meiiqï ,eìh hq;= fiau" ;j ;j;a tfia lghq;=

lrkq we;ehs fldñifuka wfmCId flf¾' fï yereKq úg" fldñifï idudðlhka

mQ¾K ld,Sk ks,OdÍka úh hq;= hhs o ks¾foaY lrkq ,efí'

fmd,siam;sjrhd o cd;sl fmd,sia fldñifï idudðlhl= l< hq;= njg fhdackd

bÈßm;a ù we;' fldñifï idudðslhka ish¿ fokdu rcfha fiajlhka úh hq;=

njla woyia fkdflfrk fyhska tu fhdackd ms<s.ekSu wmyiqh' fmd,siam;sjrhd

cd;sl fmd,sia fldñifï idudðlhl= lrkq ,enqfjd;a" fldñifï iajdëk;ajh

;jÿrg;a ÿ¾j, jk nj muKla fkdj" fmd,sia ks,Odßkaf.ka ,efnk meñKs,s

fndfydaÿrg wvqùu fkdje<elaúh yels nj o fmkajd §ug isÿ ù we;' ta w;ru"

ish¿u ;SrKhka fmd,siam;sjrhd iu. idlÉcd lsÍfuka yd Tyqf.a tlÕ;ajh

we;sj .; hq;= nj o isys ;nd .ekSu jeo.;ah'

;jo" uyck meñKs,s iïnkaOfhka úu¾Yk meje;aùu ms<sn|j fyda mßmd,kuh

m%Yak iïnkaOfhka cd;sl fmd,sia fldñiug wfmaCIs; whqre l%shdlr fkdue;s

neõ fmfkkakg we;'

fmd,sish ;=< ¥IKhg wod<j w,a,ia fldñiu iEfyk n,mEula lr we;s nj

fmfka' idlalslrejkag" fmd,sia ks,OdÍka fj;ska ;¾ck t,a,jk wjia:dj,§

tu idCIslrejka wdrCId lsÍug mjd w,a,ia fldñiu bÈßm;a ù we;' tfy;a

w,a,ia fldñiu u; mjrd we;s ld¾hhka m%udKh blaujd f.dia we;' tys

ld¾h uKav,h m%udKj;a fkdjk ksid" fldñiu fj; bÈßm;a flfrk iEu

177 fiajfha isák ks,OdÍka 770 la wyUq f,i f;dard iïuqL idlÉPd meje;aùfuka 2005 fmnrjdß 05isg 08 Èk olajd;a" fmnrjdß 10 isg ud¾;= 03 olajd;a ’fidaI,a bkaäflag¾¶ wdh;kh úiska’g%dkaiafmarkais bkagkeIk,a wdh;kh¶ fjkqfjka mj;ajk ,o iemehqïldr ióCIKh178 ks,Odßka iu. mj;ajk ,o iïuqL idlÉPdj,§ fuh meyeÈ,s úh' Tjqka cd'fmd'fld' ;sfnk nj ±kisá kuq;a" idOdrK fõjd fyda widOdrK fõjd" Tjqka ;=< cd'fmd'fld' ms<sn| úYajdihla f.dv ke.Sfkd;snqKs'

118

fpdaokdjlau úNd. lsÍug Bg fkdyels fõ' ;jo" ¥IKh ksjdrKh lsÍu i|ydw¨;a Wmdh ud¾. fh§ug fldñiu W;aiql fkdfõ' uyck;dj o meñKs,sbÈßm;a lsrug WodiSk njla olajhs' ta w;r cd;sl fmd,sia fldñifï mÍCIKhkao wjHdc meñKs,sj,g muKla iSud fõ' isú,a iudch fmd,sisfha ¥IK .ekl;d lsÍug buy;a Wkkaÿjla olajk kuq;a" ksYaÑ; meñKs,s bÈßm;a lsÍugfndfyda miqng njla olajh'

fmd,siam;sjrhd úiska bÈßm;a lrk ,o w¨;a l%fudaml%u ffO¾hhla we;s lrkkuq;a" tajdfha id¾:lNdjh .ek ±kg lsisjla lsj fkdyel'

120

9 fmd,sia ¥IKhg tfrysj l%shd lsÍu i|yd fjk;a

rgj,aj, .kq ,nk l%uhka ms<sn| ;=,kd;aul wOHhkhla

fmd,sia ¥IKh u¾okh lsÍu i|yd f;dard.;a fjk;a rgj,a lsysmhl l%shd;auljk l%u fuu mßÉfþofha§ ie<ls,a,g Ndckh fõ'179 j.lSu Ndr.; hq;=mqoa.,hka y÷kd .ekSu yd mdroDYHNdjh jvd;a ld¾hCIu lrk yd ¥IKhgwe;s bvlv iSud lrk Wmdh ud¾. lsysmhlau fuu rgj, Ndú;d fõ' fuurgj, n,mj;akd wd¾Ól yd iudchSh miqìu Y%S ,xldfõ miqìug jvd fndfydafia fjkia nj i;H jqjo" ÿIKh iïnkaOfhka úYd, fjkila fkdue;s njfmkajd Èh yelsh' fjk;a rgj, Ndú;d flfrk l%fudaml%u ish,a,u tf,iguY%S ,xldj ;=< l%shd;aul l< fkdyels jqj;a" tu l%fudaml%u msgqmi we;s uQ,O¾uksisf,i wjfndaO lr .ekSu mjd Y%S ,xldjg jdisodhl úh yelsh' fmd,siafomd¾;fïka;= ;=< j.lSï y÷kd .ekSu i|yd l%shd;aul flfrk wNHka;r ydndysr hdka;%Khka fj; úfYaI wjOdkhla fuu mßÉfþofha§ fhduq flfrkq we;'

fmd,sia fiajdjka bgq lsÍu wjk;Ndjh u; r|dmj;sk nj;a" ;uka fiajh lrkck;djf.a úYajdih Èkd .ekSug wfmdfydi;a jk fmd,sia fomd¾;fïka;=jlafõkï" th b;d wid¾:l fomd¾;fïka;=jla nj;a lsj hq;=h' ck;dj ;=<úYajdih f.dvke.Sug kï" j.lSï Ndr mqoa.,hka y÷kd.; yels ùu b;djeo.;a fõ' m%cd iïnkaO;d f.dvke.sh yels jkafka;a" kS;sh yd iduh mj;ajd.ekSu;=<ska fmd,sia fiajfha ld¾hCIu;dj j¾Okh jkafka;a tjeks ;;ajhla hgf;amuKh'

9'1 ¥IKh u¾okh lsÍu i|yd Wmfhda.s lr .kakd l%u

9'1'1 weußld tlai;a ckmoh ^ksõfhda¾la k.rfha fmd,sia fomd¾;fïka;=j&

weußld tlai;a ckmofha cd;sl fmd,sia fomd¾;fïka;=jla fkdue;' ta fjkqjgfmd,sia n,ldhka .Kkdjla tys we;' wdKavql%u jHjia:dfõ oyjk ixfYdaOkhwkqj" ish¿u n,;, m%dka;hkaf.a úIh md;%;djg wh;a fõ' fmd,sia n,;,fuu n,;, ldKavhg wh;a fyhska" fmd,sia n,;, m%dka; rdcHhkaf.amrudêldrhg hg;a fõ' fï ksid" tla tla m%dka;h ;=< Bgu iqúfYaI jQ fmd,sial%uhla we;' iuyr m%dka;j, m%dfoaYSh fmd,sia fiajdjka fukau kd.ßl fmd,sian,ldhka o we;' ;j;a iuyr m%dka;j, m<d;ano fmd,sia l%uhla we;' iuyrweia;fïka;= wkqj" tlai;a ckmoh ;=< fmd,sia fiajdjka 20"000 la muK;sfnk nj mejfik kuq;a" iuyr m%dka;j, yd k.rj, tlsfklg fjkiafmd,sia n,ldhka fol ;=klau ;sfnk ksid" ksjerÈ ixLHdjla i|yka lsÍuÿIalrh'

179 fuu wOHhkhg fïjd wvx.= fõ' weußld tlai;a ckmofha" ksõfhda¾la fmd,sia fomd¾;fïka;=j"tlai;a rdcOdksfha uQ,ia:dk fmd,sish" fydxfldx" bkaÈhdj iy mdlsia:dkh

121

ksõfhda¾la fmd,sia fomd¾;fïka;=j tlai;a ckmofha úYd,;u fmd,siafomd¾;fïka;=j fõ' ¥IKh msgq ±lSu iïnkaOfhka úYsIag jd¾;d fuu wdh;khgysñjk ksid" fuys§ tu wdh;kh .ek úfYaI wjOdkhla fhduq flf¾' ksõfhda¾lak.rfha fmd,sia fiajd jgiSud m%foaY yd fmare m%foaY (boroughs) jYfhka fnodfjka lr we;' fïjdg wu;rj" úfYaI ld¾hxY yd tallhka lsysmhlao msysgqjdtajd fj; fjku ld¾hka Ndr § we;'

uE; ld,h ;=<§ ks'fhda'fmd'fo' k.rh ;=< wmrdO wvq lsÍu iïnkaOfhkaúYsIaG id¾:lNdjhla ,nd f.k we;' fuu id¾:lNdjh .ek úfYaI myiqlï,eìh hq;af;a wmrdO ixLHdf,aLk ms<sn| mß.Kl o;a; nexl=jh' wmrdO jeäjYfhkau isÿjk ia:dk .ek ±k .ekSug yd tu ia:dk fj; wjYH iïm;afhduq lsÍug;a fuu o;a; nexl=j ksid fmd,sishg yelshdj ,efí' k.rdêm;srefvd,a*a .=hs,shdks úiska 1990 oYlfha§ y÷kajd fok ,o w¨;a l%shd ud¾. ofuu id¾:lNdjhg odhl úh' nuk fmdare Wäka mekhdu" ud¾. msßisÿ lsÍug.kakd WmlrKj,ska mÈlhkag myr §u" mÈl fõÈld u; ysÕd lEu hkd§ iq¿jerÈ je<elaùug ±ä f,i l%shd lrk f,i .=hs,shdkq k.rdêm;sjrhd fmd,sishgWmfoia ÿkafkah' fujeks wmrdO u¾okh lsÍu ;=<ska ^w& ;j ;j;a iellrejkamßCIKhg lsÍug fmd,sishg wjia:djla ,eîfuka wú wdhqO j,ska yd úIu;aøjH j,ska k.rfha ùÓ ksoyiaj ;nd .ekSug yelsjk nj yd wd& ksõfhda¾lak.rfha b;d kS;s.rel mßirhla mj;akd njg woyila uyckhd w;r me;sÍ”kS;súfrdaë hula l<fyd;a w,a,d.kq ,en ovqjï ú£ug isÿjk njla tu.skayeÕS hdfuka" wmrdO wvqjk nj Tyq úYajdi lf<ah' Tyqf.a úYajdih tf,iubgq úh' k.rh ;=< wmrdO wvq ùug mgka .;af;ah' l,la .; jQ miq wmrdOixLHdf,aLkj, my< hEu lemS fmkqKs'

9'1'1'1 ¥IKh yd j.lSu y÷kd.; yelsùu

ksõfhdala k.rfha fmd,sia fiajdjka bgq lrkafka wjk;Ndjh mokï lrf.kh'tkï" fmd,sisfha fiajh ,nk ck;dj ;=< úYajdih f.dv k.d .ekSug fmd,sishwfmdfydi;a jqjfyd;a" fmd,sishg ;u rdcldß id¾:l f,i bgq lsÍug fkdyelsjkq we;ehs hk úYajdih u;h' tfia jqjo" fmd,sish i;= n,h b;d wêl ksid"¥IKh we;sùug fndfyda bvlv we;' w,a,ia o we;=¿j n,h whq;= f,i fhdod.ekSu u.ska fm!oa.,sl jdish ;ld isÿlrk ish¿u l%shdjka fuys§ ¥IKhjYfhka ie<fla' fï ksid" fmd,sish ;=< j.lSï y÷kd.; yels ùu b;d wêlf,i ;sìh hq;= fõ' fuu ;;ajh fj; ie<ls,a, fhduq l< 1994 fud,kafldñiu úiska j.lSï Ndrlrejka y÷kd.ekSu jeä ÈhqKq lsÍu i|yd Wml%ulsysmhlau ks¾foaY lrk ,È' fud,ka fldñiu m;a lrk ,oafoa fmd,sia n,ldhgwjYH fjkia lsÍï ks¾foaY lsÍu i|ydh'

fuu wruqK bgq lr .ekSu i|yd ksõfhda¾la fmd,sia fomd¾;fïka;=j m%n,wNHka;r yd ndysr j.lSï y÷kd.ekSfï moaO;Ska msysgqjd we;'

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ksõfhda¾la fmd,sia fomd¾;fïka;=j

wNHka;r j.lSï Ndr.ekSu wNHka;r lghq;= ld¾hdxYh

9'1'1'2 wNHka;r lghq;= ld¾hdxYh

fuh iukaú; jkafka fmd,sia fiajfha miqìu yd ixúOdkh ms<sn| ukd wjfndaOhlaiys; nj yd ¥Is; ks,Odßka .ek f;dr;=re jvd;au fyd¢ka /ia l< yels b;doCI fmd,sia ks,Odßkaf.ks' wNHka;r lghq;= Ndr ld¾hdxYh mÍCIK mj;ajkafkanrm;, wmrdO iïnkaOfhka muKls' nrm;, wmrdOhla jYfhka j¾. lsÍfïmoku kï tjeks wmrdOhla isÿ l< fmd,sia ks,Odßhl= fmd,sia fiajfhka bj;al<hq;=o ke;so hkak fõ'

9'1'1'3 uyckhdf.ka ,efnk meñKs,s

wNHka;r lghq;=Ndr ld¾hdxYh uyck meñKs,s tys yÈis weu;=ï ÿrl:kwxlh yryd ,nd .kS' ,efnk ish¿u ÿrl;k mKsjqv igyka lr .kakd w;rtu igyka jd¾;d mß.Kl moaO;shg we;=<;a flf¾' tu jd¾;dj, msgm;afmd,sia ¥IK u¾ok fldñiu fj; yd wod< m%foaYfha ÿIK u¾ok wNsfpdaokdks,Odß ;ek fj; o hefõ' meñKs,s bÈßm;a lrk úg" yels;rï úia;r oimhk f,i meñKs,slref.ka b,a,d isákq ,efí" óg wu;rj" ksÍCIKj,gNdckh flfrk ks,Odßhd wNHka;r lghq;= Ndr ld¾hdxYh úiska wjxlNdjhúksYaaph flfrk mßCIKj,g ,la lrkq ,efí"

wjxlNdjh úksYaph flfrk mÍCIK mj;ajkq ,nkafka ;:H Ôú; wjia:djlaks¾udKh lr" tu wjia:djg wod< ks,Odßhd m%;spdr olajk ú,dih we.ehSfuks'tjeks mßCIKhlg ;uka Ndckh flfrk nj wod< ks,Odßhdg idudkHfhkaokajkq fkd,efí' tfia olajkafka th wjYH jqjfyd;a yd tfia wjYH jQ miqjh'

9'1'1'4 iajdëkj meje;afjk úu¾Yk

,efnk meñKs,s úu¾Ykhg wu;rj" wNHka;r lghq;=Ndr ld¾hdxYh iajdëkjwyUq mÍCIK o mj;ajhs' meñKs,s mÍCIKh lsÍug wu;rj" ;ukaf.auiajdëk mÍCIK ks;r ks;r meje;aùfï jeo.;alu fud,ka fldñiu úiskafmkajd fok ,È' ta tjeks iajdëk mÍCIK meje;aùu ksid" meñKs,sj,g ìfhkajerÈ isÿ lsÍï wvqùug wu;rj" wyUq mÍCIK ìh ksid o jerÈ isÿlsÍï

ndysr j.lSï Ndr .ekSu

� fmd,sia ¥IKh u¾ok fldñiu� ¥IK-u¾ok wNsfpdaokd ks,Odßka� mqrjeis meñKs,s úu¾Yk uKav,h

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;jÿrg;a wvqfõ' fuu mÍCIK mj;ajk ,o nj fyda tu mßCIKj,ska ;ukaiu;a ù±hs ke;fyd;a wiu;a ù ±hs ks,Odßka fj; okajkq fkd,efí' isÿ lrk,o jrola nrm;, jQ úg muKla wod< ks,Odßhdg wjjdo lrkq ,efí'ke;fyd;a wu;r mqyqKqjla fokq ,efí' fuu mÍCIj, wruqK kï wNHka;rlghq;= ld¾hdxYh ieu úgu ieu ;eku isák njg yeÕSula we;s lsÍuhs' fuysm%;sM,hla jYfhka fmd,sia ks,Odßyq wNHka;r lghq;= Ndr ld¾hdxYfha ks,Odßkafj; fok ie<els,a,g iudk ie,lSula uyckhdg o §ug fm<fU;s'

ish¿u jd¾;d ksõfhda¾la fmd,sia fomd¾;fïka;=fõ fmd,sia m%Odkshd fj; bÈßm;aflf¾' jerÈldr fmd,sia ks,Odßkag Tyq ovqjï kshu lrhs' wjYH kï Tjqkafiajfhka bj;a lrhs' ;jo wjYH m%ldr mámdá ixfYdaOkh lsÍugo Tyqmshjr .kq we;'

9'1'1'5 fmd,sia ¥IK u¾ok fldñiu

wNHka;r lghq;= Ndr ld¾hxYh úiska l%shd;aul flfrk ÿIK u¾ok jevigykaiy meñKs,s ms<sn|j l%shd lrk wdldrh ksßCIKh lsßu i|yd fmd,sia ÿIKu¾ok fldñiu 1995 § msysgqjk ,È' fuu fldñiu ksõfhda¾la fmd,siafomd¾;fïka;=fjka iïmQ¾Kfhkau iajdëk jk w;r" th flduidßiajreka 6fofkl=f.ka iukaú; fõ' fuu flduidßiajreka k.rdêm;sjrhd úiska m;alrkq ,efí' fuu flduidßiajre kS;s{hkaf.ka ieÿï,;a mQ¾Kld,Sk ld¾huKav,h fj; Wmfoia imh;s' fldñifï ld¾hhka w;r my; i|yka tajd owe;=<;a fõ' wNHka;r lghq;= Ndr ld¾hxYh úiska bÈßm;a flfrk ish¿umeñKs,s ú.%yhg yd úu¾Ykhg Ndckh lsÍu" tu meñKs,s ms<sn|j l%shdlsÍug w'l'Nd'ld' úiska fhdod .kakd l%u ksÍCIKh lsÍu" w'l'Nd'ld¾hxYfha/iaùïj,g iyNd.s ùu" wjYH mßÈ hï hï mÍCIK fufyhùu i|yd u.fmkaùï ld¾hxYhg ,nd §u" uyck meñKs,s ms<sn| wjYH mshjr .ekSu ydtu ld¾hxYfha ks,Odßkag wjYH mqyqKqj ,nd §u'

lsisÿ ks,Odßhl=g tfrysj úkhdkql+, mshjr .ekSug n,hla fldñiu fj;fkdue;' fldñiug l< yelafla úu¾Yk lghq;= ksisf,i flfrk nj iy;sllr .ekSu muKls' tys wê.ukhka ms<sn| jd¾;d wNHka;r lghq;= Ndrld¾hdxYh fj; fyda fmd,sia m%Odkshd fj; bÈßm;a l< hq;= fõ' wNHka;rlghq;= Ndr ld¾hdxYfha ld¾hmámdá ms<sn| m%;sixialrK fhdackd bÈßm;alsÍug o fldñiug whs;shla we;' tfy;a" tu fhdackd ms<s.ekSug ld¾hxYhne¢ fkdisà' tajd ms<s fkd.ekSug o fya;= olajd isàug ld¾hxYhg yelsh'

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9'1'1'6 ¥IK u¾ok wNsfpdaokd ks,Odßka

ksõfhda¾la k.rh fmare mylska iE§ we;' tla tla fmarej i|yd Pkaofhkaf;dardm;a flfrk m%Odk wNsfpdaokd ks,OdÍka isá' fï tla tla m%Odkshd hgf;a±ä lemùfuka fiajh lrk ÿIK u¾ok wNsfpdaokd ks,Odßfhla isà' wNHka;rlghq;= Ndr ld¾hdxYh úiska jd¾;d lr .kakd ,o meñKs,s fuu ks,Odßhdfj; o ,nd foa' meje;aùug kshñ; wjxlNdjh úksYaph lsÍfï mÍCIK .eko fuu ks,Odßhd fj; okajkq ,efí' tfia okajkq ,nkafka w'l'Nd' ld¾hxYfhaks,OdÍka kS;shg wkql+,j tu mÍCIK mj;ajk nj iy;sl lr .ekSu i|ydhs'180

9'1'1'7 mqrjeis meñKs,s úu¾Yk uKav,h

fuh wdrïNfha§ wNHka;r fmd,sia uKav,hla úh' 1993 § tu wNHka;ruKav,h fjkqjg ndysr mqrjeis meñKs,s úu¾Yk uKav,hla msysgqjk ,È' fïksid j¾;udk mqrjeis meñKs,s úu¾Yk uKav,h ;=< lsisÿ fmd,sia ks,Odßfhlafkdisà' th ±ka iukaú; jkafka isú,a mqoa.,hkaf.ka muKs' fmd,sia ks,Odßkagt,a,j kef.k fpdaokd mÍCIKhg Ndckh lsÍug n,h fuu uKav,h fj;we;' i;H njg ikd: jQ fpdaokd yd ks¾foaYhka ksõfhda¾la fmd,sia uKav,hfj; bÈßm;a l< hq;=fõ' mqrjeis meñKs,s úu¾Yk uKav,hg l< yelaflatfia ks¾foaY bÈßm;a lsÍu muKls' fmd,sishg tfrys lsisÿ l%shdud¾.hlawkq.ukh lsÍfï n,hla Bg fkdue;'

fuu uKav,fha idudðlhka 13 fofkla isá;s' Tjqka m;a lrkq ,nkafkak.rdêm;sjrhd úisks' m;a lsÍug wod< kS;sh wkqj" idudðlhka ksõfhda¾lak.rfha ksjeishka úh hq;=h' lsisu rcfha wdh;khl fiajfha kshqla;j fkdisáhhq;=h' k.rfha úúO;ajh ksfhdackh l< hq;=h' uKav,fha idudðlhka miafofkla k.r iNdj úiska kï flfr;s' tla fmarejla i|yd tla idudðlfhl=ne.sks' uKav,fha idudðlhka ;sfofkla fmd,sia flduidßiajrhd úiska kïflfr;' kS;sh l%shd;aul flfrk jD;a;slhka jYfhka fmr ld,fha§ l%shd lr;sfnk idudðlhka fudjqka muKs' iNdm;sjrhd we;=¿ b;sß miafokdk.rdêm;sjrhd úiska m;a flfr;s' uKav,fha idudðlhkaf.a fiajd ld,h jir;=kls' uKav,h úiska úOdhl wOHCIljrfhla m;a lrkq ,efí' fuu úOdhlwOHCIljrhd uKav,fha fiiq ld¾huKav,h m;a lrhs' fuu uKav,fhald¾huKav,h isú,a mqrjeishkaf.ka muKla iukaú; fõ'

mqrjeis meñKs,s úu¾Yk uKav,h fj; wka;¾cd,h yryd fyda ÿrl:khyryd meñKs,s bÈßm;a l< yelsh'uKav,fha úu¾Yk lghq;= i|yd idudkHfhkafmd,sisfha iydh ,efí' wjYH jqjfyd;a" fmd,sia jd¾;d yd fjk;a idCIs ,nd

180 ksõfhda¾la k.rfha kS;sh hgf;a" wmrdOhla bgq lsÍug wjia:djla ,nd §ug wNHka;r lghq;= Ndrld¾hdxYhg wjirh ;sfnk kuq;a" wmrdO isÿ lsßula b,a,d isàug fyda Èßu;a lsÍug fyda Bg wjirfkdfoa'

125

.ekSu i|yd ksfhda. ,nd .; yelsh' uKav,hg iyfhda.h fkdfok fyda idCIsbÈßm;a lsÍug m%;sfCIam lrk ks,Odßkaf.a fiajh wjika l< yels fõ'

9'1'2 tlai;a rdcOdksh ^uQ,ia:dk fmd,sish - The Metropolitan Police)

tlai;a rdcOdksfha fmd,sish cd;sl wdh;khla fkdfõ' tx.,ka;fha yd fõ,aiaysmuKla fmd,sia fiajd 43 la we;' tfy;a m%dfoaYsh iSud yryd flfrk wmrdO.ek wjYH mshjr .ekSu i|yd rch úiska iuyr m%dfoaYsh fmd,sia fiajdjkataldnoaO fldg" cd;sl fmd,sia wdh;k ks¾udKh fldg we;' cd;sl wmrdOn,ldh tjeks cd;sl fmd,sia wdh;khl kso¾Ykhls'

j.lSï Ndr .ekSu myiq lrk l%u .Kkdjlau tlai;a rdcOdksfha fmd,sishúiska msysgqjd ;sfí' tajd ish,a,u fuys§ úia;r lsÍu wjYH fkdfõ' fmd,sish;=< ¥IKh u¾okh lrk l%u .Kkdjla o tys l%shd;aul fõ'fuu fldgfia§uq,ia:dk fmd,sish fj; yd ¥IK u¾ok l%shdud¾. fj; úfYaI wjOdkh fhduqflf¾'

¥IKh msgq ±lSfï l%u ms<sn|j kï uQ,ia:dk fmd,sish lÈu wdo¾Yhla f,iie<lsh yel' fmd,sia fiajh ;=< ¥IKh u¾okh lsÍu i|yd uQ,ia:dk fmd,sisho wNHka;r yd ndysr jk hdka;%K foj¾.hu m%fhdackhg .kS' ¥IKh ms<sn|m%Yakhg uqyqK §u i|yd Ndú; flfrk m%Odk;u hdka;%Khkaf.a uQ,sl jHqyhmy; ±lafõ'

9'1'2'1 ¥IK u¾okh i|yd fhdod .efkk hdka;%Khka

9'1'2'2 ¥IK u¾ok lKavdhu

fuu lKavdhu msysgqjk ,oafoa 1998 §h' tys tlu wruqK fmd,sish ;=< ¥IKhms<sn|j lghq;= lsÍuhs' fuu lKavdhu fmd,sia ks,Odßka 180 fofkl=f.ka ydisú,a mßmd,k ks,Odßka 32 lska iukaú; fõ' fmd,sia ks,Odßkaf.ka jeäfofkl= fmd,sia fiajh ;=<skau ia:dkudre ,;a úu¾Yk l%fudamdhka ms<sn|m%ùk;djla we;s whhs' fmd,sia ks,Odßyq muKla fkdj" fmd,sia ks,Odßka ¥IKhgfmd<Ujk wh o fuu lKavdhfï mÍCIj,g Ndckh fj;s' /iaflfrk ish¿uidCIs rcfha wNsfpdaokd wxYhg Ndrfokq ,efí'

ndysr hdka;%KmeñKs,s ms<sn| iajdëkfmd,sia fldñiu

uQ,ia:dk fmd,sia fiajh

wNHka;r hdka;%K¥IK u¾ok lKavdhuwNHka;r úu¾Yk n, weKsh

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fmd,sia fiajfha ks,Odßkaf.a ;;ajh we.hSu i|yd wjxlNdjh úksYaph lrkwyUq mÍCIK o fuu lKavdhu úiska mj;ajkq ,efí' fuu iajdëk mÍCIK¥IKh msgq ±lSfï§ b;d m%fhdackj;a fõ' ulaksidoh;a" meñKs,s ,efnk;=refkdisg l%shd;aul ùu ;=<ska ¥IKh je<elaùug yels fõ' tjeks iajdëk mÍCIKud¾.fhka fmd,sia ks,Odßka ¥IKhg fmd<Ujk wh o w,a,d .ekSug yels fõ'fuu mÍCIK ksjdrKhla f,i o m%fhdackj;a fõ' tjeks ksjdrK mshjrmYapd;a-¥IK mÍCIKj,g jvd fhda.H fõ'

9'1'2'3 wNHka;r úu¾Yk n,weKsh

fmd,sia fiajh ;=< isÿjk ¥IK yd úIudpdr fpdaokd fndfydauhla úu¾Ykhlrkq ,nkafka wNHka;r úu¾Yk n<weKsh úisks' tfy;a fpdaokdj nrm;,fõkï" úu¾Yk lghq;= meñKs,s ms<sn| iajdëk fmd,sia fldñiu úiska wëCIKhlrkq ,efí'

ish¿u úu¾Yk lghq;= hï hï kS;s wkqj md,kh fõ' wod< kS;s 1984 fmd,siayd wmrdO idCIs mkf;a" 2004 fmd,sia ^meñKs,s yd úIudpdr& fr.=,dis iyfmd,sia ^p¾hd& fr.=,dis ;=< wvx.= fõ' m%Odk wNSCIK mÍCIljrhl= úiskafyda wNSCIK mÍCIljrhl=f.a fufyhùu hgf;a ks,Odß lKavdhula úiskaúu¾Yk mj;ajkq ,efí'

9'1'2'4 iajdëk fmd,sia meñKs,s fldñiu

fmd,sishg tfrysj flfrk meñKs,s úNd. lsÍu i|yd 1985 msysgqjk ,ofmd,sia meñKs,s wêldßh wfydaisfldg" ta fjkqjg iajdëk fmd,sia meñKs,sfldñiu m;a lrk ,È' fmd,sia meñKs,s wêldßh fmd,sia ks,Odßkaf.ka iukaú;jQ fyhska" mÍCIK meje;aùfï§ iajdëk;djla m%o¾Ykh fkdl< njg fndfydaúg fpdaokd t,a, úh' ta wêldßfha n,;, o j¾;udk fldñifï n,;, j,gjvd iSñ; úh'

fmd,sia meñKs,s wêldßh fjkqjg 2002 fmd,sia m%;sixialrK mk; hgf;aiajdëk fmd,sia meñKss,s fldñiu 2004 § msysgqjk ,È' fuu fldñiu lsisÿrcfha fomd¾;fïka;=jl fldgila fkdfõ' th fmd,sia fomd¾;fïka;=jg lsisÿf,ilska iïnkaO ke;' fldñiu idudðlhka 18 fofkl=f.ka iukaú; jk w;r"Tjqka w;S;fha§ fmd,sisfha fiajh fkdl< wh úh hq;=h' fuu fldñiug Bguwh;a mÍCIK lKavdhï we;' md¾,sfïka;= mk; hgf;a msysgqjk ,o fuufldñifï ld¾hNdrh tu mk; u.ska kshu lr we;' ;jo" iajdëk fmd,siafldñifï ;SrKhka wêlrKhka u.ska ñi" n,rys; l< fkdyelsh'

iuyr fmd,sia mßCIK iïnkaOfhka wëCIK yd l<ukdlrK lghq;= bgqlsÍfuka fuu fldñiu tu mÍCIKj,g wdOdr imhhs' Bg wu;rj" fmd,sia

127

fiajfha kshqla; mqoa.,hka iïnkaOfhka nrm;, isÿùï yd úIudpdr fpdaokd ofldñiu úiska úu¾Ykh flf¾' hï mÍCIKhla ksishdldrj fkdmeje;afjknj fldñiug yeÕ=fkd;a" tu mÍCIKh ;uka fj; Ndr.ekSug o n,hfldñiu i;= fõ' fï yereKq úg" b;d nrm;, fpdaokd iïnkaOfhka kï"wdrïNfha isgu mÍCIK lghq;= fldñiu Ndr .kS'

fuu fldñiu ;ukaf.au iajdëk mÍCIK o mj;ajhs' tkï" lsisÿ meñKs,a,larys;ju fldñiug mÍCIj, ksr; úh yelsh' uyck meñKs,a,la fkdue;sjmÍCIK mj;ajk úg" fuu fldñiu úiska mÍCIKhg Ndckh lrkafka isÿùïñi" mqoa.,hka fkdfõ'

9'1'3 fydxfldx rdcHh

fydxfldx fmd,sish talSh mokula u; l%shd;aul fõ' th m%dfoaYSh fldgia 6 lgfnod fjka lr we;' ¥IK u; úuiqï o¾Ylh wkqj 2004 § fydxfldx ¥IKhwvqu wdishd;sl rgj,a w;r fojk ia:dkh ,nd issáfhah' uq¿ ,l=Kq ixLHdj 10lska fydxfldx ,l=Kq 8 lau ,nd ;sìK' ¥IK u; úuiqï o¾Ylh fmd,sia fiajh;=< ¥IK ;;ajh muKla ie<ls,a,g Ndckh fkdlrhs' ¥IK u¾okh i|ydiuia; jYfhka uq¿ rg ;=<u l%shd;aul jk l%fudaml%u fmd,sia ¥IKhiïnkaOfhkao l%shd;aul fõ'

¥IKh w,a,ia .ekSug muKla iSud fkdjk kuq;a" fydxfldx rfÜ ¥IK u¾okhgwod< m%Odk;u kS;sh kï w,a,ia je<elaùfï wd{d mk;hs' fuu wd{d mkf;a¥IK ls%hdj,g wod< fldgia wgla we;' ñka fldgia y;rla mÍCIK meje;aùfïúfYaI n,;, m%odkh lrhs' wfkla fldgia ¥IK fpdaokd kvqj,g wod< jkw;r" wd{d mk; hgf;a fpdaokd ,en isák mqoa.,hkayg bÈßm;a l< yelsú;a;s jpkhka iSud lrhs" wh:d jdishla ,nd .ekSu fukau" hï mqoa.,hl=f.ardcldß lghq;= lsÍu i|yd tjeks jdishla fyda fm<Uùula §u o fuu wd{dmk; hgf;a kS;súfrdaë l%shd fõ' fuho fmd,sishg muKla iSud fkdfõ' ish¿uwxYj,g fmdÿh' rcfha fiajlfhl=g ;u wdodhug idfmaCIj i<ld n,k úgWiia jeä njla Èiajk Ôjk ;;ajhla f.khdu fyda j;alï ysñlr .ekSu fuukS;sh hgf;a jrola f,i ie<fla' hï j;alula ;udg ysñ jQfha flfia±hsi;=gqodhl f,i úia;r lsÍug fkdyels jqjfyd;a" tu j;alu ysñlrf.k isàujrola f,i ie<efla'

fï yereKq úg" fuu wd{d mk; u.ska idCIs ms<sn| kS;sj, ±änj ,sys,a lrwe;' mÍCIKhlg ,lajk mqoa.,hdf.a wkkH;dj o wdrCId lrhs' tu.ska tumqoa.,hdf.a pß;hg le<,la isÿ fkdfõ' úfYaIfhkau Tyq fpdaokdj,ska miqjksoyia jqjfyd;a th b;d jeo.;a fõ'

128

9'1'3'1 fmd,sishg tfrys meñKs,s ld¾hd,h

fuh fmd,sia fomd¾;fïka;=fõ wNHka;r wxYhls' fmd,sishg úreoaOj flfrkuyck meñKs,s .ek l%sshd lrkafka fuu wxYhhs' fuu ld¾hd,h u.ska flfrkish¿u mÍCIKhka iajdëk fmd,sia meñKs,s uKav,h úiska ksÍCIKh lrkq,efha' lsisÿ meñKs,a,la iDcqju iajdëk fmd,sia meñKs,s uKav,h fj; bÈßm;al< fkdyelsh' hï fyhlska meñKs,a,la iDcqju Bg fhduq lrk ,ofyd;a" uQ,slmÍCIKhla i|yd th fmd,sishg tfrys meñKs,s ld¾hd,h fj; fhduq flf¾'fmd,sishg tfrys meñKs,s ld¾hd,fha ks,Odßhl=g úreoaOj meñKs,a,la bÈßm;alrk ,ofyd;a" Bg jvd fcHIaG ks,Odßhl= úiska fyda fjk;a m%foaYhl fmd'm'ld¾hd,hla ta .ek úNd. lrkq we;'

9'1'3'2 iajdëk fmd,sia meñKs,s uKav,h

fuh wNshdpkd uKav,hla fkdfõ' fmd,sishg tfrys meñKs,s ld¾hd,h úiskamj;ajk iEu mÍCIKhlau fuu uKav,h úiska kej; úuid n,kq ,efí' uq,amÍCIKh wi;=gqodhl njg ;SrKh jqjfyd;a" th kej; úNd. lsÍu i|ydwdmiq hjkq ,efí' mÍCIK lghq;= iïmQ¾K jQ njg ie<flkafka iajdëkfmd,sia meñK,s uKav,fha wkque;sh ,eîfuka miqj muKh' fmd,sia fiajhgwod< m%;sixialrKhka fhdackd lsÍu o fuu uKav,fha ld¾hhls'

fuu ish¿u wêldÍka fmd,sishg úreoaOj ´kEu meñKs,a,la .ek lghq;=lsÍug n,h we;s wxYhkah' tajdfha l%shdldß;ajh w,a,ia fyda ¥IK meñKs,sj,gmuKla iSud fkdfõ' tfia jqjo" m%dfhda.sl jYfhka ta ish¿u wêldß uKav,w,a,ia yd ÿIKh je<elaùug Wmldß fõ' j.lSu y÷kd.ekSu ;=<ska yd ksr;=reúmru w,a,ia yd ¥IK je<elaùug u. mdoh'

9'1'1'3 ¥IK u¾ok iajdëk fldñiu

íf,hd¾ l^w&¾ (Blair-Kerr) ksÍlaIK fldñiug wk;=rej bÈßm;a jQ ks¾foaYj,m%;sM,hla jYfhka 1974 § ¥IK u¾ok iajdëk fldñiu msysgqjk ,È' fuysn,;, ¥IK u¾ok iajdëk fldñiï wd{d mkf;a i|yka lr we;'

¥IK u¾ok iajdëk fldñiu my; i|yka lr we;s mßÈ fomd¾;fïka;=;=klg fnod fjka lr we;'

129

¥IK u¾ok iajdëk fldñiu

m%cd iïnkaO;d ¥IK je<elaùu fufyhqï

1' m%cd iïnkaO;d fomd¾;fïka;=j - uyck;dj b,lal lr .ksñkafydxfldxys ¥IK úfrdaë ixialD;shla f.dvke.Sug W;aidy lrhs'

2' ¥IK je,elaùfï fomd¾;fïka;=j - tys ¥IK u¾ok lghq;=j,§"rch yd iEu j¾.hlu fmdÿ yd mqoa.,sl ixúOdk b,lal lr .kS'´kEu ixúOdkhla ;=< ¥IKh wjuh lsÍu i|yd wjYH úfYaI{Wmfoia yd m<mqreoao ,nd fohs'

3' fufyhqï fomd¾;fïka;=j - ¥Is;hka b,lal lrhs' iajdëk mÍCIKu.ska yd meñKs,s mÍCIK u.ska l%shd lrhs'

iEu j¾.hlu ¥IKj,g úreoaOj igka je§ug fydxfldx rch iQodkï njmeyeÈ,sj fmfka' fmd,sish ;=< ¥IKh iSud lsÍfï ld¾hh ¥IK u¾ok iajdëkfldñiu fj; ksYaph f,i mjrd fkd;sfnk kuq;a" tys ¥IK u¾ok m%h;akhkaj,m%;sM,hla jYfhka" tu ld¾hh ±ka Bg Ndr § we;'

9'1'4 bkaÈhdj

bkaÈhdfõ wdKavql%u jHjia:dfõ 246 jk j.ka;sh wkqj" fmd,sia lghq;= m%dka;rdcHhkag wh;a úIhls' tkuq;a" ish¿u m%dka; rdcHhkaf.a fmd,sia fiajdjka1861 uOHu fmd,sia wd{d mkf;a úê úOdk hgf;a md,kh fõ' iuyr m%dka;rdcHhkag Tjqkaf.au fmd,sia fiajd we;' tfy;a" tajd o uOHu fmd,sia wd{dmk; hgf;a md,kh fõ' fï yereKq úg" bkaÈhdfõ fmd,sia fiajfha ks,OdßkamqyqKq flfrkafka o uOHu rch úisks'

bkaÈhdkq fmd,sia fiajh iajfoaYSh lgqhq;= wud;HxYh hgf;a mj;S' mqyqKqj ,enQmiq” fmd,sia ks,Odßyq úúO m%dka;j,g m;a lrkq ,efn;s' cd;sl wdrCIl Ngyuqodj jeks uOH.; ksfhdacHdh;k o uOHu rch úiska md,kh flf¾'

bkaÈhdfõ w;S;h mqrdu" w,a,ia .ekSu" foaYmd,k n,mEï yd n,;, whq;=f,i fh§u úYd, m%Yakhla ù we;' fM;sydisl fya;=ka ksid" fmd,sish wëCIKhlsrSfï n,;, m%dka; rchka fj; mjrd we;' fuu ’wëCIKh¶ wd{d mkf;aks¾jpkh lr fkdue;s ksid" wh:d foaAYmd,k n,mEïj,g u. mEfoa' ;jo"cd;sl fmd,sia fldñiu 1981 § wfydais lrk ,È' tu fldñifï jd¾;d wfÜwe;=<;a lrk ,o ks¾foaYhka l%shdjg k.d fkdue;' moaukdNhd yd ßfnhsfrdafldñifï ks¾foaY jqjo l%shd;aul lr fkdue;'

130

9'1'4'1 ¥IKh ms<sn|j l%shd lsÍu i|yd hdka;%Khka

¥IK l%shd iEu j¾.hlau ms<sn|j l%shd lrk fmdÿ kS;s n,d;aul lsÍfïksfhdacHdh;kj,g wu;rj" uOHu mÍCIK ld¾hdxYh uOHu rch úiskamsysgqjd we;' fuh úfYaIfhkau msysgqjk ,oafoa w,a,ia u¾okh i|yduh'

9'1'4'2 uOHu mÍCIK ld¾hdxYh

fuys w;S;h fojk f,dal ix.%du ld,h olajd úysfoa' 1941 § w,a,ia yd ¥IKmÍCIKh i|yd úfYaI fmd,sia wdh;k msysgqjk ,È' uOHu mÍCIK ld¾hdxYhtu wdh;k w;ßka tlls' fojk f,dal ix.%duh wjika jQ miq úfYaI wdh;kwd{d mk; kS;s .; lrk ,ÿj" n,;, iajfoaYSh lghq;= wud;HdxYhg mjrd"tu wud;HdxYfha n,;, iuia; bkaÈhdjgu wod< jk f,ig lgqhq;= iïmdokhlrk ,È' fï ksid uOHu mÍCIK ld¾hdxYfha mÍCIK fmd,sia ks,OdÍka fj;muKla iSud fkdfõ' w,a,ia yd ¥IK iïnkaOfhka l%shd lrk úg" uOHumÍCIK ld¾hdxYfha n,;,j,g moku iemfhkafka 1988 ¥IK msgq ±lSfïwd{d mk; u.sks' fuu lreKq iïnkaOfhka ld¾hdxYh uOHu fidaÈis lñgqfõwëCIKhg md;% fõ'

uOHu mÍCIK ld¾hdxYh úiska 2005 § Èh;a lrk ,o fufyhqï úfYaIfhkau¥IK u¾okh fj; fhduq úh' fmd,sia ks,Odßka úiska /ialr .kakd ,o úYd,j;alï .ek úNd. lsÍu" ¥Is; fmd,sia ks,Odßka w,a,d .ekSu i|yd iajdëkjl%shd;aul lrk Wmdhka yd meñKs,s úNd. lsÍu fuu fufyhqï yryd isÿ fõ'tfia jqjo" fuu ld¾hdxYfha lghq;= idudkHfhka uOHu rchg yd uOHum%;sm;a;s m%Yakj,g iSud fõ'

9'1'4'3 flar<h

cd;sl fmd,sia fldñifï m%Odk ks¾foaYhka folla l%shdjg kexùug flar<m%dka;h bÈßm;a úh' fuu ks¾foaY ld¾hd¾:uh iajdëk;ajhg yd ld,Skwe.ehSï meje;aùug wod< fõ'

fï i|yd flar< m%dka;h fmd,sia l%shdldß;aj yd j.lSï fldñiula m;a lsÍuglghq;= lr we;' fmd,sia ks,OdÍka m;a lsÍu yd ia:dk udre lsÍu jeks n,;,foaYmd,{hkaf.ka ;uka fj; mjrd .ekSug fuu fldñiu iu;a ù we;'tfy;a ¥IKh iïnkaOfhka jeä hula lsßug fuu fldñiug yels ù fkdue;'fuu fldñiug kS;suh Yla;shla fkdue;' fuu fldñiu m%f;Hl mÍCIKj,fkdfhfoa' tys m%Odk;u ld¾hka kï wjYH ixfYdaOk ks¾foaY lsÍu yd fmd,sish;=< j.lSï y÷kd.ekSfï yelshdj jeä ÈhqKq lsÍuhs'

131

9'1'5 mlsia:dkh

mlsia:dkfha fmd,sia fiajdjka iïnkaOfhka ;ju;a uQ,sl kS;sh jYfhka l%shd;auljkafka 1861 bkaÈhdkq fmd,sia wd{d mk;hs' 1888 isg lrk ,o m%;sixialrKhkayd 1934 fmd,sia kS;s o we;=¿j&' fuu kS;s wkqj fmd,sia fiajhg wod<j úYd,n,;, m%udKhla m%dka; rdcHhka fj; mejf¾'181 m%dka; rdcHj, wêl n,;,ksid fmd,sisfha iajdëk;ajh iSud fõ' iajdëk;ajh iSud ùu ¥IKhg u. mdod"fmd,sia lghq;= ish,a,la iïnkaOfhka foaYmd,k n,mEï we;s ùug fya;= ùwe;'

kS;sh yd iduh ms<sn| uQ,sl j.lSï m%dka; rchhka i;r fj; mejÍ we;' ógwu;rj uOHu fmd,sia fomd¾;fïka;=jla yd W;=f¾ yd jhUÈ. f.da;%sl m%foaYuOHu rcfha md,khg k;= fõ' m%dka; i;f¾ fmd,sia fiajdjka tlsfkflkaiajdëk jk w;r" iuia; jYfhka taldnoaO lr fkdue;' tfy;a wNHka;rlghq;= Ndr uOHu weu;sjrhd fj; fmdÿ wëCIKh mejÍ we;'

fmd,sia fiajfha ish¿u fcHIaG ;k;=re mlsia:dk fmd,sia fiajfha ks,Odßka m;alsÍfuka mqrjkq ,efí' mlsia:dk fmd,sia fiajh fufyhqï wdh;khla fkdfõ'th trg isú,a fiajhg iudk jD;a;suh fiajhls' m%dka;Sh fiajdjkag fyda uOHurcfha ksfhdacHdh;kj, wjYH;djka wkqj ks,OdÍka m;a lrkq ,nkafka fuufiajhg wh;a ks,Odßka w;ßkah' mlsia:dk fmd,sia fiajhg ks,Odßka n|jd .kq,nkafka" isú,a fiajh" úfoaY fiajh yd f¾.=j o we;=¿j fjk;a uOHufiajdjkag o ks,Odßka n|jd .kakd fmdÿ jd¾Isl úNd.hla ud¾.fhks' mlsia:dkfmd,sia fiajfha jegqma yd ;;ajh b;d by< neúka" úNd.fha by<u m%;sM, ,nd.kakd wfmaCIlfhda fmd,sia fiajhg we;=¿ fj;s' úNd.h iu;ajk whgbia,dundoh wi, isyd,d k.rfha msysá fmd,sia wNHdi úÿyf,a fojirlmqyqKqjla fokq ,efí'182

fmd,sia fiajfha lKsIaG ;k;=re orK wh t;rï wOHdmkhla ,nd ke;s ksid"tajdfha jegqma uQ,sl jegqmah' kqmqyqKq Y%ñlhkaf.a jegqmaj,g iudk fõ' m%Odkfldia;dm,ajrekag f.jkq ,nkafka w¾O mqyqKq Y%ñl jegqmah' fmd,sia fiajlfhdajeä fokd wú wdhqO /f.k fkdh;s' fmd,sisfha w;S; ld¾hh jQfha rcfhaiqNisoaêhg iydh ùuh'183 tjlg rch jYfhka l%shd lf<a hg;a úð; md,lfhdah'tfy;a fmd,sia wd{d mk; yd m%cdj w;r in|;d .ek fkdi<lhs' u; fmd,siardcldß bgq lsÍu .ek wjOdkhla fhduq fkdlrhs'

181 1861 fmd,sia wd{d mkf;a 3 jk j.ka;sh wkqj" fmd,sish ms<sn| wêldß;ajh l%shd;aul lsßfï n,h rchg ysñ fõ' tfy;a ’wêldß;ajh¶ hk moh ks¾jpkh lr fkdue;'182 Pakistan: Role and Structure of the Security Forces, Source: http:/www.photius.com/countries/pakistan/national_security/ pakistan_national_security_role_and_structure_o~10444.html , Revised, 27 March 2005183 Pakistan: Role and Structure of the Security Forces, Source: http:/www.photius.com/countries/ pakistan/national_security/ pakistan_national_security_role_and_structure_o~10444.html , Revised, 27 March 2005

132

9'1'5'1 m%;sixialrK

1861 fmd,sia wd{d mkf;a jHqyuh ÿ¾j,;d ÿgq mlsia:dk ’m%cd;ka;%jdÈ¶ rch2001 § fjk;a fmd,sia wd{d mk;la iïmdokh lf<ah' th 1861 mk;iudf,dapkh lrhs' mlsia;dk rch ±ka 2002 fmd,sia ksfhda.h iïu; lr" tho 2004 fmd,sia ksfhda. ^ixfYdaOk& mk; u.ska fjkia lr we;'184

fuu wd{d mk;a u.ska fmd,sish ms<sn|j rcfha wêldß;ajh mj;ajd .efka'tfia jqjo" wmfhÿï i|yd we;s wjia:d iSudiys;h' ulaksidoh;a" fmd,sishkS;sh wkqj lghq;= lrk nj iy;sl lr .ekSug wjYH ’wêldß;ajhla¶muKla mj;ajd .ekSug rchg bv we;s w;r" tu ’wêldß;ajh¶ o ks¾jpkhlr we;'185 fuu wêldß;ajh l%shd;aul l< yelafla m%;sm;a;s wëCIKh u.skayd u. fmkaùu u.ska muKs' fufyhqï" mßmd,kh yd uqo,a lghq;=j,g wod<jfmd,sisfha iajdëk;dj rch úiska iïmQ¾Kfhkau iy;sl l< hq;=fõ'186

f*vr,a" m%dka;Sh yd Èia;%sla uÜgïj, ’uyck wdrCIK fldñiï iNd¶ msysgqùugo fmd,sia wd{d mk; mshjr f.k ;sfí' fuu fldñiï iNd rch úiska m;alrk ,o mqoa.,hkaf.ka fukau" iajdëk idudðlhkaf.ka o iukaú; fõ'kS;súfrdaë fyda oafõY iy.; ksfhda. ms<sme§u ;=<ska isÿúh yels kS;súfrdaêl%shd fmd,sish úiska isÿ lsÍu je<elaùu fuu fldñika iNdj, m%Odk;uld¾hNdrh fõ' óg wu;rj" uyck meñK,s Ndrf.k" tajd úNd. lr fhda.Hl%shd ud¾. ks¾foaY lsÍu o fuu iNdj, rdcldßj,g we;=<;a fõ'

fuu mk;a u.ska f*vr,a uÜgfï§ fmd,sia meñKs,s wêldßhla msysgqjk ,È'úIudpdr yd fkdie<ls,su;aNdjh ms<sn|j fmd,sishg tfrysj flfrk uyckmeñKs,s iïnkaOfhka l%shd lsÍu fuu iajdëk wdh;kfha ld¾hh fõ'

Èia;%sla fmd,sia fiajfha mßmd,kh Èia;%slalfha fmd,sia wêldßjrhd fj; muKlamejf¾' fuu fmd,sia wêldßjrhd Èia;%sla ufyaia;%d;ajrhdf.a fmdÿ md,khgfyda u.fmkaùï j,g k;= fkdfõ' Èia;%sla fmd,sia mßmd,kh" wmrdO kvq úNd.lsÍï yd wNsfpdaokd wdY%s; fmd,sia ld¾hhka iïnkaOfhka yer" Èia;%sla fmd,siawêldßjrhd Ys,d kiSï ^2001 m,d;a md,k wd{d mk; hgf;a Pkaofhkaf;dardm;a flfrk ks,Odßfhls& fj; j. lsj hq;=h'187 ;jo" fmd,sisfha WmfldÜGdi yd fmd,sia ia:dk Ndr ks,Odßkaf.a ks, ld,h jir ;=kl ld,hlgiaÓr f,iu kshu flf¾' fï ksid" foaYmd,k n,mEï u; ia:dkudre lsÍï fydafiajfhka bj;a lsÍï isÿ úh fkdyelsh'188

184 -186 Joshi G.P. ‘Police Reforms in Pakistan: A Step Forward’ Commonwealth Human Rights Initiative, Volume 12 Number 1 New Delhi, Spring 2005187 2002 fmd,sia ksfhda.fha 33 jk fþoh188 2002 fmd,sia ksfhda.fha 33 jk fþoh

133

fï yereKq úg" cd;sl fmd,sia l<ukdlrK uKav,hla o f*vr,a uÜgfïmsysgqjd we;' fuys ld¾hh kï" m%ó;Ska kshu lsÍu yd fmd,sia lghq;= ms<sn|jrchg Wmfoia §uhs'189

2004 § ixfYdaOkh lrk ,o 2002 fmd,sia ksfhda.h fï olajd iïmQ¾Kfhkaul%shd;aul jQ njla fkdfmfka' mlsia:dkfha ¥IKh ms<sn|j iuia; jYfhkai|yka lrñka u¾Iqla w,s Id wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=fõ mlsia:dk fkajdisl ¥;ld¾hd,fha iajfoaY wOHCIjrhd& fufia mejiqfõh( ’¥IKh u¾okh i|ydn,d;aul lsÍu¶ je<elaùu yd ±kqj;a lsßu hk ;%súO m%fõYhka mlsia:dkhgwjYH fõ' Tyq ;jÿrg;a fufia m%ldY lf<ah( ’bÈßm;a lrk ,o ks¾foaYhkaiïmQ¾Kfhkau l%shd;aul fkdlrk ,o fya;=fjka ¥IKh ms<sn| fldñika iNdyd lñgq fod,yla muK m%Yakh ksrdlrKh lsÍug wiu;a úh'¶190

9'1'5'2 ¥IK u¾ok l%shd ud¾.

by; i|yka lrk ,o ksYaÑ; fmd,sia m%;sixialrKj,g wur;j" mlsia:dkrch cd;sl j.lSï ld¾hdxYhla o msysgqjd we;'191 fuu ld¾hxYh úiska 2002§ cd;sl ¥IK u¾ok jHdmdrhla Èh;a lrk ,È'192

miq.sh jir my we;=<; §" fmd,sish m%;sixialrKh lsÍug yd ¥IKh msgq±lSug mlsia:dkh fkdfhla W;aidyhka ±rE nj ñka fmkS hhs' kuq;a" kshum%Yakh hdka;%K msysgqùu muKla fkdfõ' fuu hdka;%K l%shd;aul lsÍu" n,d;aullsÍu yd tajd ms<sn| ±kqj;alu jHdma; lsÍu o w;HjYH fõ'

9'2 Y%s ,xldfõ fmd,sia fomd¾;fïka;=fõ ¥IKh msgq ±lSfï Wmdh ud¾. ms<sn`o

;=,kd;aul ú.%yhla

fuu mrsÉfPaoh ;=<ska úfYaI úu¾Yk tallh" cd;sl fmd,sia fldñiu w,a,iafldñiu ms<Sn| wjOdkh fhduqlrkq ,nhs' úfYaI úu¾Yk tallh fmd,siafomd¾;fïka;=fõ wNHka;r tallhla jk w;r" fmd,sishg tfrys meñKs,s tutallh úiska úNd. flf¾' meñKs,a,la w,a,ia .ekSula ms<sn|j kï" tumeñKs,a, w,a,ia fldñiu fj; fhduq lsÍfï n,h fuu wxYh fj; we;'

cd;sl fmd,sia fldñiu wdKavql%u jHjia:dfõ 17 jk ixfYdaOkh hgf;a msysgqjk,È' fmd,siam;sjrhd yereKq úg" wfkla ish¿u fmd,sia ks,Odßka m;a lsÍu"Wiia lsßu" ia:dk udre lsßu" úkh md,kh lsßu yd fiajfhka my lsßu ms<sn|

189 2002 fmd,sia ksfhda.fha 33 jk fþoh190 foaYkh -u¾Iqla w,s Id” fkajdisl wOHCIl” wdishdkq ixj¾Ok nexl=j191 1999 cd;sl j.lSï ld¾hxYh192 by; 10

134

n,;, cd;sl fmd,sia fldñiu fj; ysñ fõ' fmd,sisfha mßmd,kh ms<sn|ish¿u ;SrKhka .ekSu;a" uyck meñKs,s Ndr .ekSu;a" fuu fldñifï wfklald¾hhkah'193

w,a,ia fldñifï m%Odk ld¾hka kï w,a,i u¾okh i|yd uyck iyfhda.h,nd .ekSu yd fmd,sishg tfrys uyck meñKs,s .ek wjYH l%shd ud¾..ekSuh'

9'2'1 iajdëk mÍCIK yd wjxlNdjh úksYaph lrk ksÍCIK

w,a,ia fpdaokd úu¾Ykh lsÍu i|yd hdka;%K Y%S ,xldfõ ;sfnk kuq;a" tajdish,a,u isÿflfrkafka meñKs,a,l m%;sM,hla jYfhka muKh' meñKs,s muKlaúu¾Ykh lsÍu m%udKj;a fkdjk nj we't'ckmofha fud,ia fldñiu fmkajdÿkafkah' Y%S ,xldj jeks ¥IKh uq,a nei.;a rgla ms<sn|j th jvd;au i;H fõ'

ks,Odßka ;=< wjxlNdjh we;s lsÍfuka ¥IKh msgq ±lSu b;d úYsIag l%uhlajqj;a" m%dfhda.sl jYfhka tjeks l%uhla id¾:l úh fkdyels ksid" iajdëkmÍCIK w;HjYH fõ' tjeks iajdëk mÍCIK meje;afjk nj ks,Odßka ±k.;aúg" Tjqka ks;ru iSrefjka isàu ;=<ska ¥IK je<fla" fmd,sia rdcldß bgqlsÍfï§ wNsu;h fndfydaúg wëCIKhla rys;j l%shd;aul flfrk ksid" b;dWiia uÜgul wjxlNdjhla wjYH fõ' iEu fmd,sia rdcldßhlau wëCIKhhgf;a isÿ lsÍu fldfy;au l< fkdyels ksid" ksr;=reju wëCIKh flfrknjg yeÕSula we;s lsßu b;d jeo.;ah' tlai;a ckmofha wNHka;r lghq;=Ndr ld¾hdxYh ;uka ksr;=reju fmd,sia ks,Odßka msgqmiska isák njg yeÕSulacks; lsÍug lghq;= lrkafka fï ksidh' tu ld¾hdxYh we;a; jYfhkaumj;ajk úu¾Yk ixLHdjg jvd úYd, úu¾Yk ixLHdjla mj;ajk njg fmd,siaks,Odßka úYajdi lrk ksid ¥IK ld¾hhkays fh§ug Tjqyq ìh fj;s'

fuu l%uh we't'ckmofha" tlai;a rdcOdksfha yd fydxfldx hk rgj, w;sYhid¾:l ù we;' tu rgj,aj, ¥IK u; úuiqï o¾Ylh ,l=Kq 7 g jvd by<skamj;S' wjxlNdjh úksYaph lrk mÍCIK u.ska isÿjk ;j;a hym;la kïfmd,sia ks,Odßka fj; w;sf¾l mqyqKqjla wjYH fCI;% y÷kd.; yels ùuh'

fï ish¿u mÍCIK yd md,k l%u l%shd;aul lsÍug uQ,Huh yd ñksia Y%uiïm;a úYd, jYfhka wjYH nj yd Y%S ,xldj jeks rgj, tu iïm;a ysÕ njo i;H fõ' tfia jqjo" tu l%fudaml%u fjkqfjka wdfhdack lsÍu È.=ld,SkjYfhka M,odhs nj lsj hq;=h' fmd,sia fomd¾;fïka;=j kS;sh yd iduh mj;ajd.kakd m%Odk;u wdh;khhs' fuu wdh;kh ;=< ¥IKh jHdma; jqjfyd;a" kS;shyd iduh ì| jeà" iuia; jYfhka rch fj; we;s f.!rjh o ì| jefgkq we;'

193 cd'fmd'fld' i;= n,;, ms<sn| mQ¾K úia;rla i|yd fuys 5 jk mßÉfþoh n,kak'

135

9'2'2 mqrjeis iudf,dapkh yd iyNd.s;ajh

fmd,sishg tfrys meñKs,s fmd,sish úiskau úNd. flf¾kï" tu úNd.h fmd,sisfhapQÈ;hdg jdisodhl jkq we;ehs Wml,amkhla we;s ùu je<elaúh fkdyelsh'fuu Wml,amkh idOdrK jqj;a" ke;;a" fmd,sish fj; we;s úYajdih lv fõ'Y%s ,xldfõ ±kg we;s ;;ajh hgf;a" mÍCIK lghq;= fufyhjkq ,nkafkafmd,siam;sjrhd úiska úfYaIfhka f;dard .kq ,nk ks,Odßka úisks' ish¿umeñKs,s fmd,sia fomd¾;fïka;=j fj;u bÈßm;a l< hq;= fõ' ±kg fmd,sishfj; we;s úYajdih ì| jeà we;s ksid" fmd,sia ia:dk fj; meñKs,s lsßuguyckhd ìhla olaj;s' fmd,sisfha lDr;r l%shd .ek buy;a m%isoaêhla ±kgwe;s ksid" fmd,sishg úreoaOj meñKs,s lsÍu b;d wk;=reodhl njg úYajdihlame;sr ;sfí'194 tjka miqìula hgf;a" fmd,sishg tfrysj flfrk meñKs,s .ekl%shd lsÍug tlai;a ckmofha fuka mqrjeis meñKs,s újrK uKav,hla fyda Bgiudk hdka;%Khla msysgqúh hq;= njg ks¾foaY lrkq ,efí'

9'2'3 mÍCIK meje;aùï ksÍCIKh lsÍu

wNHka;r mÍCIKhka ksÍCIKh lsÍfï ld¾hh i|yd fjku uKav,hla Y%S,xldfõ fkd;sfí' tjeks uKav,hl wjYH;dj tlai;a ckmofha;a" tlai;ardcOdksfha;a" fydxfldx rfÜ;a ms<sf.k ;sfí' fuu ld¾hh ,xldfõ cd;slfmd,sia fldñiug l< yels jqj o" ta i|yd fjku uKav,hla msysgqùu jvdWÑ; fõ' fmd,sia fomd¾;fïka;=j msßisÿ lsÍu wm%udoj l< hq;= ld¾hl'tfy;a" cd;sl fmd,sia fldñifï ld¾hNdrh b;d Ndr¥r yd úYd, ksid wu;rj.lSï Ndr .ekSug Bg fkdyelsh'

;j ;j;a uKav, msysgqùug ;rï m%udKj;a wd¾Ól iïm;a Y%S ,xld rch fj;fkd;sfnk kuq;a" fuu mshjr .ekSu .ek fyd¢ka i<ld ne,Su jà' tlai;ardcOdksfha uQ,ia:dk fmd,sia fiajfha ¥IK u¾ok lKavdhu b;d úYd, ks,OdÍkaixLHdjlska iukaú; jqj;a" rg ;=< ¥IK úfrdaë ixialD;shla jHdma; jqjfyd;a"túg tu lKavdhfï m%udKh iSud lsÍug yels jkq we;ehs tu lKavdhu fmkajdÿkafkah' tf,iu" Y%S ,xldfõ o ¥IKh u¾okh l<fyd;a" ta i|yd jehjkuqo, M,odhs f,i jeh l< njla lsj yels jkq we;' rch ;=< iuia; jYfhka¥IKh mj;sk njg b;d m%n, woyila we;s fyhska" fuu m%Yakh ;j ;j;aW.%úug fmr" iajdëk wdh;k wjYH mshjr .; hq;= nj fmkajd Èh hq;= fõ'

194 ksoiqkla ±lajqjfyd;a" fcrdâ fmf¾rdf.a urKh isÿlr we;af;a Tyq úiska fmd,sishg tfrysj lrk,o meñKs,a,la úNd.hg .ekSug ;sfnk wjia:dfõh'

136

9'2'4 foaYmd,k n,mEï

fmd,sia ¥IKhg tfrysj mshjr .ekSfï§ foaYmd,k n,mEï W.% .eg¿jlanjg m;aj we;' bkaÈhd yd mlsia;dkh o iu ;;ajhg uqyqK md isà' ógm%Odk;u fya;=jla jkafka fuu rgj, l%shd;aul jk fmd,sia wd{d mk;aj,hg;a úð;jd§ iajNdjhhs' fmd,sia wd{d mk; ixfYdaOk lsÍfuka fuu .eg¿jksrdlrKh lsÍug mlsia:dkh uE;l§ W;aidy lf<ah'

fmd,sia ks,OdÍka m;a lsÍu yd ia:dk udre lsÍu foaYmd,{hkaf.a ueÈy;aùulska f;drj iajdëk f,i isÿ lsÍu Y%S ,xldfõ cd;sl fmd,sia fldñifukawfmaCIs; ld¾hNdrh fõ' tfia jqjo" fmd,sia ks,Odßka fndfyda fofkl= iu.l< idlÉPd u.ska fy<s jQfha cd;sl fmd,sia fldñiu flfrys Tjqkaf.a jeäúYajdihla fkdue;s njhs' fï ksid isÿjkafka ia:dkudre ,eîfï ìh ksid fmd,siaks,Odßka foaYmd,k n,mEïj,g hg;a ùuhs'

fmd,sish ¥IKh lsßug W;aidy orK foaYmd,{hka yd fjk;a wh y÷kd.ekSu i|yd mshjr .; hq;= nj ks¾foaY lrkq ,efí' tlai;a rdcOdksfha ¥IKu¾ok lKavdhu b;d id¾:l f,i tfia lr;s'

9'2'5 lKsIaG ks,Odßka wdrCId lsÍu

wjxlNdjhg jvd Y%S ,xld fmd,sia fomd¾;fïka;=j ;=< ,eÈhdj w.h flfrknjla fmfka' fcHIaG ks,Odßka fj; wúpdrj;a f,i wjk;Ndjh ±laùuhym;a úkh f,i ie<flk nj o fmfka' fï ksid fcHIaG ks,Odßkaf.akS;súfrdaê ksfhda. fkdms<sme§ug lKsIaG ks,Odßka yg b;d wmyiqh' ¥IKhgtfrysj ke.S isá lksIaGhka fj; Wmldr lsÍug lsisfjla bÈßm;a fkdfj;s'meñKs,s lrk lKsIaG ks,Odßyq fldkalrkq ,efnhs' Wiiaùï ,nd .ekSugkqiqÿiq fj;s' meñKs,s kssisf,i úNd. flf¾±hs ielhla o we;s fõ'

mlsia:dkfha uyck wdrCIl fldñiu msysgqjd ;sfnkafka tjeks ;;ajhkag uqyqK§u i|ydh' tys m%Odk ld¾h kS;súfrdaê fyda jlais;a ksfhda.j,g wjk; ùfmd,sish kS;súfrdaë l%shdj, ksr;ùu je<elaùuhs' furfÜ o lksIaG fmd,siaks,Odßkaaf.a wdrCIdj i|yd tjeks fldñiula m;a l< hq;= nj ñka ks¾foaYlrkq ,efí' Bg wu;rj" fmd,sia ks,Odßka fj; wdrCIdj ie<ish hq;=h' ksismÍCIK meje;aùu ;=<ska yd ¥IKh jvd;au n,mj;akd fCI;%hka ;=< ±ä l%shdud¾. wkq.ukh lsÍfuka tjeks wdrCIdjla ,nd Èh yelsh'

137

9'2'6 ¥IK úfrdaë ixialD;shla Y%S ,xldj ;=< m%j¾Okh lsÍu

hï hï ÿ¾j,;d ;sfnk kuq;a" ¥IK u¾ok ms<sfj;a ´kE;rï ;sfí' tfy;akshu .eg¿j kï" fmdÿ ck iyfhda.h fkd,efnk ksid tu ¥IK u¾ok l%ulsisjla id¾:l f,i l%shdjg kexúh fkdyels ùuhs' ¥IKh jeäl,a fkdf.diaidudkHfhka ms<s.; yels m%ñ;shla njg m;a úh yelsh'

fydxfldx rfÜ ¥IK u¾okh i|yd l%shd;aul flfrk ;%súO Wmdh ud¾. Y%S,xldj o wkq.ukh l< hq;=h' tu Wmdhud¾. fufiah'

1' uyckhd b,lal lr.;a ¥IK-úfrdaë ixialD;shla ks¾udKh lsÍu2' ¥IKh je<elaùu-±ä l%shd ud¾. .ekSfuka yd ÿ¾j, ;eka y÷kd.ekSfuka3' ¥Is;hka fj; kvq mjrd ovqjï ,nd §u

138

10 ks.uk yd ks¾foaY

fmd,sia fomd¾;fïka;=j iudchg uyÕ= fiajhla bgq lrh' tfia jqjo" mqrjeishkayd fmd,sish w;r úYd, mr;rhla we;s nj;a" fmd,sish ¥Is; yd wld¾hCIunjg yeÕSula uyckhd w;r mj;sk nj;a" m%lg lreKls' fuu jd¾;dfõm%Odk;u wruqK jQfha fmd,sisfha ;;ajh jeä ÈhqKq lsÍfï woyiska" tys¥IKhg fya;= idOl y÷kdf.k" ;sridrNdjh we;s lsÍug iy j.lSï l%shd;aullsÍug wjYH hdka;%Khka msysgqjd tu.ska m%;sixialrKhkag odhl ùug isú,aiudchg yelshdjla ,nd §uhs'

ióCIK uyck wdl,am ióCIKh yd iemhqï ióCIKh& m%;sM, ú.%y lsÍfukaiy rfÜ úúO m%foaYj,§ úfYaI{hka iu. iEu ;rd;srul fmd,sia ks,Odßkaiu. yd uyckhd iu. mj;ajk ,o iïuqL idlÉPd u; mokï lrf.k" wmsfuys§ ks¾foaY lssysmhla bÈßm;a lruq'

10'1 wdh;ksl cd,h jeä ÈhqKq lsÍu

10'1'1 n|jd .ekSï

� n|jd .efkk ks,Odßkaf.a .=Kd;aulNdjh yd iqÿiqlï ;jÿrg;a i<ldne,sh hq;= fõ'

� n|jd.ekSfï Wmudkhka mámdàka mdroDYH úh hq;=h'

� fldia;dm,ajreka n|jd .ekSfï uQ,sl iqÿiqlu by< ±óug wu;rj"fmdÿ in|;d" ikaksfõokh yd Wmdh fl!I,H ms<sn| Tjqkaf.a l=i,;dmÍCIKhg Ndckh l< hq;= fõ' ;jo" wNsfhda.H;d mÍCIK fydaidudkH ±kqu mÍCIK fhdod.; hq;=h' úfYaI tallj,g yd ;dCIKslwxYj,g n|jd.ekSfï§ fjk;a wjYH iqÿiqlï o ie<lsh hq;= fõ'

� fiajfha .=Kd;aulNdjh jeä ÈhqKq lsÍu i|yd" iyldr fmd,sia wêldß;k;=rej,g WmdêOdßka f;dard .ekSu yd úfYaI YdLdj,g Wm fmd,siamÍCIl ;k;=rej,g f;dard .ekSu iDcq nojd .ekSï u.ska isÿ l<hq;=h' fuu ks,Odßka i|yd wu;r osrsoSukd m%odkh l< hq;= fõ'^iqÿiqlï iys; mqoa.,hka fmd,sishg ne£u i|yd fm<Uùu fuys wruqKhs'&

� fomd¾;fïka;=fõ mj;sk ia;%S-mqreI wiu;=,s;h bj;a lsÍu i|yd iqÿiqlïwe;s ldka;djka fmd,sishg ne£u Èßu;a l< hq;=h' ^ldka;djka i|ydfjku m%;sY;hla ks¾foaY flf¾&

� uE; w;S;fha§ wfmaCIlhka m%pKavldÍ f,i fyda l,n,ldÍ f,iyeisÍ fkdue;s nj iy;sl lr .ekSug;a" Tjqka wêl wjxlNdjhlska ydiodpdrfhka fyì mqoa.,hka nj iy;sl lr.ekSug;a" Tjqkaf.a miqìu.ek ±ä ryiH mÍCIK meje;aùu ks¾foaY flf¾'

139

10'1'2 jHqyh

fomd¾;fïka;=j ;=< wëCIKh m%udKj;a fkdjk nj fcHIaG fmd,sia ks,Odßkaúiska fukau úfYaI{hka úiska o fmkajd fok ,È' ks,Odßka 60"000 lg wêlixLHdjlska iukaú; n,ldhla uOHu wêldßhla ;=<ska md,kh lsÍu wiSreh'mßmd,kuh msróvfha ueo fldgfia ks,Odßka úYd, ixLHdjla isàu ksid fuu;;ajh jvd;a W.% fõ' tksid" j¾;udk ks,Odß ixLHdj yd j¾;udk jHqyh om%;sm;a;suh uÜgfï§ kej; i<ld ne,sh hq;= njg ks¾foaY lruq'

10'1'3 mqyqKqj

� úu¾Yk lghq;=" udkj ysñlï yd uyck in|;d ms,sn|j m%udKj;amqyqKqjla fldia;dm,ajreka fj; yd idckaÜjreka fj; ,nd Èh hq;=h'ulaksidoh;a" úu¾Yk lghq;= wdÈfha§ Tjqyq m%Odk ld¾hNdrhla bgqlr;s'

� jD;a;suh iodpdrh" uyck iïnkaO;d" udkj ysñlï ±kqj;a lsÍu ydld¾hCIu;dj jeä ÈhqKq lsÍu hkd§ úIhhka mqyqKq mdGud,dj,gwe;=<;a úh hq;= fõ'

� fmd,sisfha uyck in|;d jeä ÈhqKq lsÍu i|yd" isú,a iudc ixúOdkúiska meje;afjk mdGud,dj,g$foaYkj,g iyNd.sùug fmd,sia ks,OdßkaÈßu;a l< hq;=h'

� mqyqKqj wLKav úh hq;=h' ish¿u fY%AKs i|yd kejqïlrK mdGud,dmeje;aúh hq;=h'

� fou< NdIdj l;d lrk wh fjkqfjka fou< udOH mqyqKq mdGud,dmeje;aúh hq;=h'

� isxy, NdIdj l;d lrk ks,Odßkag fou< NdId mqyqKqj;a" fou< NdIdjl;d lrk whg isxy, NdId mqyqKqj;a ,nd Èh hq;=h'

� ;u uõ NdIdjg wu;rj" fojk NdIdjla ms<sn| ±kqula ,nd .kakdwhg wu;r Èß §ukd ,nd Èh hq;=h'

� úfoaY mqqyqKq mdGud,d fcHIaG ks,Odßkag muKla iSud fkdlr" lKsIaGks,Odßkag o újD; úh hq;=h'

� fmd,sish ;=< wêl wjxlNdjhla mj;sk rgj,a iu. idlÉPd lr turgj, mqyqKq mdGud,d i|yd Y%S ,dxlsl ks,Odßka heúh hq;=h'

10'1'4 Wiia lsÍï

� Wiia lsÍï mámdá mdroDYH úh hq;=h' Wiiaùï §fï§ cd;sl fmd,siafldñiu M,odhs ld¾hNdrhla bgq l< hq;=h'

140

� Wiia lsÍï ms<sn| m%;sm;a;s ilia lsÍfï§ iEu ks,Odß fYa%Kshlskauf;dardm;a lr.;a ksfhdað;hka yd fmd,siam;sjrhd úiska m;a lrk ,oúfYaI{hka w;r idlÉPd meje;aúfuka ;SrK .; hq;=h'

� l%shdldß;aj l<ukdlrK l%uhla y÷kajd Èh hq;=h' tu l%uh hgf;a"ufkdauQ,sl úksYaphka fjkqjg" úIh uQ,sl Wmudkhka wkqj we.ehSïl< yelsjkq we;'

10'1'5 ia:dk udre

� ia:dk udre iïnkaOfhka ks,Odßka w;r we;s w;Dma;shg ms<shulajYfhka yd Tjqkaf.a úYajdih jeä lsÍu i|yd cd;sl fmd,sia fldñifïld¾hNdrh jvd;a w¾:j;a l< hq;= njg ks¾foaY flf¾' fuu fldñifïiajdëk;ajhg ndOd fkdl< hq;= njg ±ä f,i ks¾foaY flf¾'

� ia:dkNdr ks,Odßkaf.a ia:dk udre iy m%Odk fmd,sia mÍCIl fY%aKshgby< ks,Odßkaf.a ia:dk udre ±kg isÿjk mßÈ cd;sl fmd,sia fldñifïtlÕ;ajh we;sj l< hq;= fõ'

� ue;sjrK ld,j,§ ia:dkudre yd i a:dk.;lsÍï ue;sjrKfldñidßiajrhdf.a wkque;sh we;sj muKla l< hq;=h'

10'1'6 jegqma" fõ;k yd §ukd

� fmd,sia fiajfha jeo.;alu yd fmd,sia ks,Odßka fiajh l< hq;= wkaoui<ld ne,Sfuka miq" Tjqkaf.a jegqma ;%súO fiajd ^yuqodj" kdúl yuqodjyd .=jka yuqodj& jegqma yd iudk ;,hl ;sìh hq;= njg ks¾foaYflf¾' tu.ska fmd,sia fiajh ;=< /lshd ;Dma;sh by< f.dia" tys.=Kd;aulNdjh jeä ÈhqKq ù" ¥IKh wvq jkq we;'

10'1'7 ;s<sK m%odkh yd ovqjï kshu lsÍu

� ±kg l%shd;aulj mj;sk ;s<sK l%uhg wu;rj" tÈfkod lghq;=j,§ yduyckhd iu. lghq;= lsÍfï§" Wiia wjxlNdjhla m%o¾Ykh lrkfmd,sia ks,Odßka fj; ;Hd. msßkeófï l%uhla y÷kajd Èh hq;=h'

� w,a,ia yd ¥IKh i|yd fokq ,nk ovqjï tu jerÈ fkdlsßug fmd,siaks,OdÍka fmd,Ujk ;rï ±äúh hq;=h'

� fmd,sia fomd¾;fïka;=j ;=< fiajfha fh§ isák wdo¾Yu;a ks,Odßkafj; ;Hd. msßkeófuka Tjqkaf.a ta wdo¾Yu;aNdjhg úfYaI ms<s.ekSulaÈh hq;=h' fuys§ úIh uQ,sl Wmudkhka wkq.ukh lsÍu wksjd¾h úhhq;=h'

141

10'1'8 úkh md,k mámdáh

� úkh md,k mámdàka wm%udoj l%shd;aul l< hq;=h' tu mámdá mdroDYHúh hq;=h'

� uyck meñKs,s u; úkhdkql+, mÍCIK mj;ajk ,o úg" meñKs,slrejkafj; ta i|yd m%;spdr ±laùfï hdka;%Khla fmd,sia fomd¾;fïka;=jwdrïN l< hq;=h' fmd,sish flfrys uyckhdf.a úYajdih tu.skaYla;su;a jkq we;'

� wdKavql%u jHjia:dfõ 155 W 2 jHjia:dj hgf;a" fjku meñKs,s l%uhlacd'fmd'fld' úiska we;s l< hq;=h' tjeks wjia:dj,§ Èh yels iykhkaiïnkaOfhka jHjia:d md¾,sfïka;=j ilia l< hq;= fõ'

10'2 moaO;s ÿ¾j,;d úi|Su

10'2'1 udkj ysñlï

� wLKav mqyqKqj" fy,sprõ lsrSu yd iumoia: úpdr u.ska fmd,sia ks,Odßka;=< udkj ysñlï ms<sn| ±kqu j¾Okh l< hq;=h'

� úl,am iudc úoHd;aul m%Yak l%u ms<sn| mdGud,d iy wmrdO úoHdjms<sn| mdGud,d meje;aúh hq;=h'

� ckudOH jevigyka yd m%isoaO foaYk meje;aùfuka-úfYaIfhkaumsgm<d;aj,§ - uyck whs;sjdislï ms<sn| ±kqj;alu j¾Okh l< hq;=fõ'

� udkj ysñlï W,a,x>Kh lsÍï ksÍCIKh lsÍfï l%uhla §m jHdma;jl%shd lsÍfï woyiska fmd,sisfha udkj ysñlï wxYh jvd;a Yla;su;a lr"udkj ysñlï W,a,x>Kh lrk ks,Odßkag tfrysj úkhdkql+, mshjrwm%udoj l%shd;aul l< hq;=h'

� udkj ysñlï lv lrk ks,Odßkag tfrysj úkhdkql+, mshjrcd'fmd'fldñiu úiska o wm%udoj .; hq;=h'

� yÈis wjia:dj,§" w;awvx.=jg .ekSï ms<sn| igyka" r|jd ;nd .ekSfïksfhda. yd lrk ,o mdfmdaÉprKhka iy fjk;a jeo.;a f;dr;=re"miqj udkj ysñlï fldñiu yd cd;Hka;r r;= l=rei ixúOdkh úiskaúu¾Ykh lsÍug Ndr§u i|yd wdrCIdlr ;nd .; hq;=h'

142

10'2'2 fmd,sish yd m%cdj w;r iïnkaO;d

� uyck iïnkaO;d jeä ÈhqKq lsÍu i|yd wLKav §m jHdma; jevigykaÈh;a l< hq;=fõ' fmd,sia ia:dk ;u m%foaYj, uyckhd uqK .eiSui|yd iqyo /iaùï i;sm;d fyda udiam;d meje;aúh hq;=h' fuu /iaùïu.ska fmd,sish yd uyckhd w;r jvd hym;a ixjdohla f.dvkef.a'

� ish¿u fmd,sia ks,Odßkaf.a úfYaIfhkau uyckhd yd iDcq in|;d we;swhf.a& uyck in|;d l=i,;d ÈhqKq lsÍu i|yd úfYaI mqyqKq jevigykawmrdO je<elaùfï wxYh u.ska yd fmd,sia uyck in|;d ld¾hdxYhu.ska ixúOdkh l< hq;=h'

� uyck in|;d ks,Odßka jYfhka n|jd .kakd ,o WmdêOdßkaf.ald¾hCIu;dj jeä ÈhqKq lsÍu i|yd Tjqkag úfYaI mqyqKq mdGud,dmj;ajd" Tjqkaf.a jegqma o jeä l< hq;=fõ' ;jo" fuu ks,Odßka fj;ksis ms<s.ekSula Èh hq;= w;r" Tjqka iu. jv jvd iïnkaO ù lghq;=lrk f,i fmd,sia ks,Odßka fj; Wmfoia Èh hq;=h'

� wmrdO je<elaùfï l%shdldrlï we;=¿ m%cd fiajd jHdmD;s ;u m%foaYj,m%cd ixúOdk iu. taldnoaOj ie<iqïlr l%shd;aul lsÍu ;=<ska fmd,siaia:dk m%cdj ;=< jvd l%shdldÍ ld¾hNdrhka bgq l< hq;=h'

� ldka;d yd <ud whs;sjdislï wdrCId lsßu i|yd iEu fmd,sia ia:dkhluldka;d yd <ud ld¾hdxY msysgqúh hq;=h'195

� Wmldr b,a,d fmd,sia ia:dk fj; meñfKk ldka;djka yd <uqka fj;iyk ,nd §ug yelsjk mßÈ" iqÿiqlï iys; ldka;d fmd,siaks,OdßKshkayg WmfoaYkh" ufkda úoHdj yd wdY%s; úIhhka ms<sn|úfYaI mqyqKqjla ,ndÈh hq;=h' tfia ke;fyd;a tjeks mqyqKqjla we;sndysr wh fmd,sisfha iydhg n|jd .; yelsh' ^tfia n|jd .ekSfï§fldka;%d;a moku jeks fjk;a mámdáhla wkq.ukh l< yelsh&

� fuu úfYaI ld¾hdxYj, ld¾h m%.;sh udislj we.hsh hq;=h'

10'2'3 wëCIKh m%udKj;a fkdùu ms<sn| úi÷ï

� OQrej,s moku u; ±ä wëCIK lghq;= l%shd;aul l< yels jk whqßkafmd,sia fomd¾;fïka;= jHqyh kej; i<ld ne,sh hq;= fõ'

� ¥IK l%shd uevmeje;aùu i|yd wNHka;r ixjrK yd ;=,k l%shdoduhlawe;s l< hq;=h'

� ±ä wëCIKhla l%shd;aul l< yelsjk mßÈ fmdÿ iyNd.s;ajh iy;sll< hq;=h' ^weußldkq fldïiageÜ l%uh (System of Comstat) óg wod<jb;d iqÿiq l%uhls&

195 ±kg jHdma;j we;af;a 36 la muKs'

143

10'2'4 iïm;a ysÕh

� fomd¾;fïka;=fõ fiajh Wmßu lsÍu i|yd" úu¾Yk lghq;= i|ydNdú; flfrk hka;%iQ;% wdÈh kQ;k wjYH;djkag iß,k mßÈ kùlrKhl< hq;= fõ' ryiH cdhdrEm WmlrK iys; kQ;k m%;sm%Yak l=á ks¾udKhlsÍu" kQ;k má.; lsßfï WmlrK" Wiia mß.Kl moaO;s yd ã'tka'ta'mÍCIK fuj,ï óg we;=<;a úh hq;=h'

� mÍCIK lghq;= wm%udoj" id¾:lj yd wdrCIs;j meje;aùu i|ydm%jdyk myiqlï jeä ÈhqKq l< hq;=fõ'

� fjkia fjñka mj;akd wjYH;djkag yev .eiSug fmd,sia ks,Odßkagyelsjk fia Tjqkg ;dCIKsl mqyqKqj wLKavj ,nd Èh hq;= fõ'

� uqo,a wvqmdvq je<elaùu i|yd" NdKavd.drh yd uqo,a weu;sjrhd iu.iDcqju idlÉPd lsÍfï ksoyi fmd,siam;sjrhdg yd cd'fmd'fld' fj;,nd Èh hq;= nj ks¾foaY flf¾' fmd,sisfha mßmd,kuh fyda fufyhqïlghq;= i|yd w;HjYH wruqo,a fkdlvjd ,efnk njg iy;sl lsßugtjeks iDcq idlÉPd m%fhdackj;a jkq we;' óg wu;rj fmd,sish jeäÈhqKq lsÍug wjYH wruqo,a yd ;dCIK wdOdr úfoaY uQ,dY% fj;ska,nd .ekSug yelsjk mßÈ" NdKavd.drfha wkque;shg hg;aj" cd'fmd'fld'gyd fmd,siam;sjrhdg tu úfoaY ixúOdk iu. iDcqju idlÉPd lsÍfïksoyi ,nd Èh hq;=h' ^wkjYH fldkafoaisj,g hg;a fkdùug j.n,d.; hq;= fõ&

10'2'5 fjk;a kS;s wdh;k ^wêlrKh"kS;sm;s fomd¾;fïka;=j& iu.

iïnkaëlrKh

� úu¾Yk lghq;= wdrïNfha isgu kS;sm;s fomd¾;fïka;=j yd fmd,sishw;r iïnkaO;d we;sùu iy;sl lrk hï l%uhla we;s l< hq;=h'

� fjk;a wdh;kj, iyNd.s;ajh wjYH ùu ksid we;s úh yels m%udohkaje<elaùu i|yd f;dard.;a fmd,sia ks,Odßkayg wNsfpdaokd ld¾hhms<sn| mqyqKqjla ,ndÈh hq;=h' wêlrK ierhkajrekag yd tfia f;dard.;afmd,sia ks,Odßkag fuu mqyqKqj kS;sm;s fomd¾;fïka;=fõ§ yd fmd,siaWiia wNHdi úÿyf,a§ ,nd Èh yel'

� wmrdOlrejka fj; kvq mejÍu iSud lrk hï ffk;sl ndOdjla ;sfnknj fmd,ssishg yefÕk wjia:dj,§" ta ms<sn| úia;r cd'fmd'fld' fj;bÈßm;a lr" fldñiu u.ska jHjia:dodhlh ,jd tu ndOlh bj;alsÍug kS;s ilid .; yels fõ'

144

10'2'6 ¥IKh msgq ±lSu

10'2'6'1 cd;sl fmd,sia fldñiu

� jHjia:dodhl iNdj msysg qùfuka wk;=rej cd'fmd'fldñifï idudðlhkam;a lsÍfuka tys iajdëk;ajh kej; we;s l< hq;=h'

� cd;sl fmd,sia fldñiu uQ,Huh jYfhka Yla;su;a l< hq;=h'

� iuyr mßmd,kuh ld¾hhka fmd,siam;sjrhd fj; mejÍfuka" cd;slfmd,sia fldñifï jHqyfha fjkia lsÍï isÿ lsÍfï wjYH;dj fj;ie<ls,a, fhduq l< hq;=fõ'

� yels iEu wjia:djl§u" fmd,siam;sjrhd iu. idlÉPd lsÍfuka ydTyqf.a wkque;sh we;sj" iEu ;SrKhlgu t<öu jeo.;ah'

� cd;sl fmd,sia fldñiu iy fmd,siam;sjrhd o" mq¿,a uyck iyNd.s;ajhlao we;sj" fmd,sish i|yd iqÿiq ¥IK u¾ok Wmdh ud¾.hla y÷kajd Èhhq;= fõ' ÿIKh je<elaùu" wNSCIKh" WmfoaYkh hkd§ iEu wxYhlafj;u tu Wmdh ud¾.h ie<ls,a, fhduq l< hq;= fõ' foaYmd,kn,mEu yd {d;s ix.%yh o ie<ls,a,g .; hq;= fõ'

10'2'6'2 iajdëk úu¾Yk yd wjxlNdjh úksYaph lrk mÍCIK

� Y%s ,xldfõ w,a,ia mÍCIK meje;aùu meñKss,s ,eîfï moku u; isÿflf¾'196 ¥IK mÍCIK id¾:l ùug kï meñKs<s ,efnk f;la fkdisg"iajdëk f,i wrUd mj;ajdf.k hk úu¾Yk o l%shd;aul l< hq;=h' fïiïnkaOfhka wjxlNdjh úksYaph flfrk mÍCIK o m%fhdackj;a fõ'

10'2'6'3 mqrjeis iudf,dapkh yd iyNd.s;ajh

� fmd,sishg úreoaOj flfrk uyck meñKs,s úu¾Ykh lsÍfï§ fmd,sishgjdisodhl jk f,ig tajd mj;ajk njg Wml,amkhla uyckhd w;rmj;S' tu woyi bj;a lr uyck úYajdih f.dvke.Sug kï" uyckmeñKs,s úNd. lsÍfï§ Tjqkaf.a iyNd.s;ajh we;sj tu úNd.lsÍï isÿl< hq;=h'

10'2'6'4 wNHka;r mÍCIK lghq;= ksÍCIK i|yd fldñiu $lñgqj

� wNHka;r mÍCIK lghq;= iïnkaOfhka o by; i|yka lrk ,oWml,amkh mj;S' tfyhska wNHka;r mÍCIK lghq;= ksÍCIKh lsÍui|yd iajdëk fldñiula $lñgqjla wms ks¾foaY lruq' fuu fldñiuisú,a iudc jeishka" fcHIaG fmd,sia ks,Odßka iy kS;s n,d;aul lsÍu

196 fuu mÍCIKhka muKla m%udKj;a fkdjk nj we't'c' fud,ka fldñiu meyeÈ<s f,i fmkajdÿkafkah'

145

ms<sn| ukd m,mqreoaola iys; wjxl mqoa.,hkaf.ka iukaú; úh hq;=h'fmd,sia fomd¾;fïka;=j wNHka;r mÍCIK lghq;= mj;ajk iEuwjia:djl§u fuu fldñiu o /iaúh hq;=h' wNHka;r mÍCIKhkaf.a;SrK túg iajdëk ;SrK jkq we;' fomd¾;fïka;=j fj; uyckúYajdih o túg j¾Okh jkq we;'

10'2'6'5 fmd,sia fomd¾;fïka;=j yd cd;sl fmd,sia fldñiu wëCIKh lsÍu

� fmd,sia fomd¾;fïka;=fõ lghq;= yd cd;sl fmd,sia fldñifï lghq;=my; i|yka wdldrhg wëCIKhg Ndckh úh hq;=h'

w& fïjdfha l%shdldß;ajh we.ehSu i|yd ia:djr md¾,sfïka;= ldrl iNdjlam;a lsÍu yd

wd& fjk;a fmdÿ rdcH uKav,Sh rgla úiska fmd,sia fomd¾;fïka;=juiajdëk iñhqre újrKhlg Ndckh lsÍu (Independent Peer Review)

10'2'6'6 wjxlNdjh úksYaph lsÍfï tallhka

� fmd,sia fomd¾;fïka;=j úiska wjxlNdjh ms<sn|j lghq;= lsÍu i|ydfjku tallhla msysgqúh hq;=h' ¥IKhg u. i<ik idOl y÷kdf.ktajd mÍCIKhg Ndckh lsÍug;a" tu uQ< idOl .ek l%shd lsÍug;a"¥IK u¾okh i|yd wdh;ksl l%shd ud¾. y÷kajd §ug;a" tu tallhgyelsjk mßÈ wjYH iïm;a yd mqoa.,hka Bg ,nd Èh hq;=h'

10'2'7 foaYmd,k n,mEï

� fmd,sia ld¾hhka fj; foaYmd,k n,mEï lsÍu kS;súfrdaê ls%hdjla njgm%ldY l< hq;=h'

� ;udf.au iajdëk ;SrKhka u; fyda ks,Odßl=f.a fyda idudkH rgjeishl=f.a meñKs,a,la u; l%shd lrñka fyda tjeks wjia:d iïnkaOfhkawjYH mshjr .ekSfï n,h cd;sl fmd,sia fldñiug ysñ úh hq;=h'

� foaYmd,k n,mEï ms<sn| fyda foaYmd,k n,mEï lsÍug ;e;a lsÍïms<sn| fyda ish¿u f;dr;=re hkdÈh ,nd .ekSug uyckhdg yelsúhhq;=h'

146

10'2'8 fcHIaG ks,Odßka fj;ska ,efnk kS;súfrdaë ksfhda. yd lKsIaG ks,OdÍka

wdrCId lsßu

� by< uÜgïj,ska ksl=;a flfrk kS;s úfrdaë ksfhda.j,g wjk; fkdjkhg;a ks,Odßka fj; wdOdr lsÍu i|yd iajdëk wdh;khla ;sìh hq;=h'kS;súfrdaë ksfhda. ksl=;a lrk ks,Odßkag tfrysj wm%udo mÍCIKmj;ajd" Tjqkg úreoaOj úkhmd,k lghq;= iïmQ¾K lr tu ksfhda.j,g,la jQ hg;a ks,Odßkag wdrCIdj iemhSu w;HjYHh'197

10'2'9 m%N+ msßiaj,g wdrCIdj iemhSu

� idudkH wdrCIl ;;ajhka hgf;a" m%N+ msßia i|yd wdrCIdj iemhSufmd,sisfha m%Odk;u rdcldßh fyda Wmßu uqo,la jehjk rdcldßh fydafkdúh hq;=h' b;du Wiia ;;ajhla ork wh ñi" iEu foaYmd,{hl=uyd foaYmd,k mCI ks,OdÍka yd Tjqkaf.a {d;Ska we;+<;a jk mßÈ m%N+msßia hk moh w¾: l:kh fkdl< hq;=h' ^mqoa.,hka yd foam,ieuúgu wdrCId lsÍug fmd,sish ne¢ isà&

10'3 iudma;sh

wm úiska by; i|yka lrk ,o ks¾foaYhka l%shd;aul lsÍu ;=<ska" m%cdjgfmd,sisfhka isÿjk fiajh Wmßu ;;ajh lrd meñK" ¥IKh wju lr fmd,sishfj; uyck úYajdih f.dv ke.S" fmd,sia-m%cd in|;djka Yla;su;a ù" fmd,siafomd¾;fïka;=j ÈhqKqj lrd .uka lr b;d id¾:l m%;sM, w;ajkq we;ehswmf.a wjxl wfmaCIdjhs'

197 fujeks wdh;khla ^fmdÿ wdrCIl fldñiu& md;sia:dkfha l%shd;aul fõ'

147

Adendum to “In persuit” of ‘Absolute Integrity’

PARLIAMENTARY CONTRIBUTION TO MAKE THE POLICE EFFECTIVE

This brief note deals with the analysis of the national budget on the police. Themajor observations and findings are given below:

1. The cadre in the Police Department has not changed over the years. It isseen from the statistics given in the Annex A & B the estimated cadre in 1999was 68,932 while in 2005 it was 67,770 according to the annual estimates ofthe government. Further it was noted that the actual staff strength is63,797 in 2005 according to the departmental records thus indicating 3,973vacancies when compared to the approved cadre. This situation needs to becompared with the increasing trend of crime and the population.

2. Total expenditure of the police department as a percentage of the totalNational budget over the last 3 years is compared below.

Year National Budget Police Budget %* Rs Mn Rs Mn x

2003 422,102 13,801 3.2% (Actual) 2004 487,309 14,250 2.9% 2005 563,428 17,589 3.1%

3. Police Capital investment as a percentage of total National Capital

investment Over the last three years is as follows

Year National Budget* Police Budget x % 2003 87,409 341 .39% Actual Actual 2004 97,631 1,184 1.21% 2005 144,440 1,502

4 Health and welfare (Recurrent) allocation compared to the approved cadre iscompared below;

148

Year Allocation Total Cadre Per head per Per head per Annum month

Rs Rs Rs 1999 43,873,000 68,932 636 53 2000 59,597,000 73,932 806 67 2001 96,336,000 75,719 1,272 106 2002 98,847,000 75,968 1,301 108 2003 107,861,000 86,715 1,244 103 2004 125,726,000 67,770 1,855 155 2005 195,776,000 67,770 2,888 240 2006 206,960,000 67,770 3,053 254

Amount allocated for welfare and health appear to be insufficient compared tothe nature of work to be performed by the officers 5. VIP Security allocation (Recurrent)

Year Allocation Per person per annum Rs Rs1999 203,808,000 271,784 2000 280,505,000 374,006 2001 498,275,000 664,436 2002 562,885,000 750,513 2003 583,095,000 777,460 2004 612,910,000 817,213 2005 807,620,000 1,076,826 2006 843,500,000 1,124,666

Number of VIPP as per annual estimates is as follows

2003 2004 2005Actuals Estimates Estimates

Local (annual) 250 250 260 Foreign 500 500 500

VIP Security expenditure has not changed even after the Ceasefire agreementinstead increased. Some important expenditure budget details in respect of the Police department aregiven in Annexure A & B.

149

An

nex A

SU

MM

AR

Y O

F E

XP

EN

DIT

UR

E A

LLO

CA

TIO

N B

Y C

AT

EG

OR

Y A

S P

ER

A

NN

UA

L E

ST

IM

AT

E

Recurrent

Pers

onal

Em

olu

ments

Tra

vellin

g Expenses

Supplies

Main

tenance

Contr

acte

d serv

ices

Tra

nsfe

r

Oth

er

Recu

rren

t ex-

penses

Tota

l

Capital

Reh

abil

itati

on

an

d Im

-

pro

vem

ents

Acquis

itio

n of

assets

Tota

l

Actu

al

Gra

nd Tota

l

Sta

ff

Cate

gary

1997

1998

1999

1999

2000

2000

2001

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

Actual

Actual

EstimateReseavedEstimateReseaved

EstimateReseaved

EstimateEstimateEstimateEstimate

3854,4

16066

1918,2

48,6

39

1155,6

59,2

16

140023544

369 1

41,5

87

3059,3

16

26332,4

09

7466,8

80 7

77

211520,2

96

773,1

74263

98694559

8451575336

68488

4605010182

2303082,9

38

1077107546

163933,1

68

429431462

1830987

223393821

8803790105

293967398

1083073394

1377,0

40792

10180830897

68929

4199600,0

00

2020500,0

00

602000000

74170000

336830000

950,0

00

165,9

50

7400000000

95000000

505000000

600000000

800000000

68932

4199600,0

00

2020500000

602000000

95270390

74170

336830000

950,0

00

165950006

7400,0

00000

95000000

505,0

00,0

00

600,0

00,0

00

8000,0

00,0

00

73932

5205030,0

00

2400,0

00,0

00

1498332,0

00

102,0

00,0

00

415,0

00,0

00

900,0

00

30100,0

00

9651362,0

00

104350,0

00

695650,0

00

800,0

00,0

00

10451362,0

00

73932

5329,3

77600

2517432510

1148,5

00,3

90

166431980

554905520

1900,0

00

217814000

9936362000

164350,0

00

1685650000

1850000,0

00

11292105326

75719

6202,3

55,0

00

2701500,0

00

1505,5

50,0

00

162,0

00,0

00

490,9

75,0

00

1700,0

00

171620,0

00

11235700,0

00

187630,0

00

948450,0

00

1136100,0

00

12371800,0

00

75719

6327046000

2567721,0

00

1208,4

33006

173930006

587774006

1920,0

06

262559,0

00

11129393,0

06

205427006

855085006

1060,5

12,0

00

12189895000

75719

7818350,0

00

2590,0

00,0

00

1631360,0

00

168325,0

00

615998

589545,0

00

2500,0

00

113010000

12,9

13090000

56200,0

00

238500000

294700,0

00

13207790000

75968

7711880,0

00

2632,0

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165525000

613045000

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87265000

12857850000

35800000

187500000

223300,0

00

13081150,0

00

86715

7,7

40000,0

00

2677000,0

00

1693715,0

00

172300,0

00

655155,0

00

3000,0

00

124830,0

00

13066000,0

00

36300,0

00

1148565,0

00

1184865,0

00

14250865,0

00

67770

9185380,0

00

2898000,0

00

2562005,0

00

217300,0

00

847225,0

00

3000,0

00

271670,0

00

15984580,0

00

71300,0

00

1431900,0

00

101800,0

00

17589580,0

00

67770

150

National

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1999

1999

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2001

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ActualEstimateReseavedEstimateReseavedEstimateReseavedEstimateEstimateEstimateEstimate

48,6

83,7

25

6686,7

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667423533

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8803,7

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73,8

28

56,5

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238192

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1377040792

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6468384,0

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613975000

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43873,0

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20,0

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512586,2

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1600,0

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2650,0

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69930,0

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6468384000

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532,5

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2650,0

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71490,0

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8637395000

642075000

247005000

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2100,0

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22500,0

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78390,0

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8590,7

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92830,0

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729000,0

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1650,0

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28650,0

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82,1

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11129353000

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562,8

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98847,0

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12813,0

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194000,0

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83000,0

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6700,0

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73000,0

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4700,0

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IN PURSUIT OF “ABSOLUTE INTEGRITY”- Identifying Causes for Police Corruption - Sinhala

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Transcript of IN PURSUIT OF “ABSOLUTE INTEGRITY”- Identifying Causes for Police Corruption - Sinhala