Imperialism in China

I. European trade increases

I. British take the leadA. China (Qing Dynasty) begins a period of

declining power while west increasesB. British open more ports for trade—silks, tea,

spices, porcelainC. British in China want British justiceD. Opium—British grow opium in India, trade it in

China1. Manchu emperor orders opium trade stopped

2. British and Chinese merchants ignore law

3. 1838—Lin Ze Xu burned crates of foreign opium, wrote letter to Queen Victoria; British respond

I. European trade increases

II. The First Opium War 1839-1842A. British sent warships and Chinese are

easily defeatedB. Treaty of Nanking

1. British get trading rights, new ports, payments, Hong Kong, and extraterritoriality

III. The Second Opium War 1856-1860 A. Legal to import opium to China B. Wars left legacy of bitterness and

mistrust between East and West

II. Resistance to changeI. Reform Movements—Taiping Rebellion

A. Sparked by poverty and government corruptionB. Wanted to end the Qing dynastyC. Hong Xiuquan—believed he was related to JesusD. Attacked Chinese government; wanted to create

“Taiping”, or Great PeaceE. Crushed after 14 years (1850-1864)F. Started a debate over change in ChinaG. “Self strengthening movement”

II. Empress Ci XiA. Ruled from 1862-1908B. Usually resisted change and held to Confucian idealsC. Later began to accept reforms

III. Mistreatment of ChinaI. Sino-Japanese War—1895

A. Japan defeats China, gains TaiwanB. Western nations plan to divide China

1. Leases on ports—Russia, Germany, Britain, France

2. Spheres of Influence3. United States calls for Open Door Policy

C. 100 Days of Reform

IV. The Boxer RebellionI. Boxers

A. aka Righteous Harmonious FistsB. Called Boxers by Westerners who see them

trainC. Supported Empress Ci Xi and resisted

changeD. Resisted western influenceE. Wanted to rid China of westernersF. Attacked and murdered westerners in ChinaG. Lasted from 1899-1903

IV. The Boxer RebellionII. Punishment by the West

A. British, French, German and American troops put down the rebellion

B. Boxers defeated, China pays for damagesC. Nationalism grew

III. ReformsA. China begins to modernize with foreign

moneyB. Women in schoolsC. Industry—shipping, mining,

V. Sun Yixian (Sun Yat-sen)A. Yixian wanted to end the dynasty,

establish a republic, and ensure economic security

B. Western educated C. Established the Revolutionary Alliance D. Three principles of the people

1. Nationalism—freedom from West 2. Democracy3. Livelihood

E. After Ci Xi dies, chaos ensuesF. Yixian is named President in 1911