Imfashanyigisho y'Igitegwa c'Icayi · murima hakoreshejwe uburyo “impeta ivanako urukoba” bwo...

Imfashanyigisho y'Igitegwa c'Icayi ku Barimyi bato bo muri Afrika

Ifatiye ku ngingo ngenderwako z'uburimyi buramba bwa Sustainable Agriculture Network (SAN))

Gushimira

© 2013 Rainforest Alliance Nta muntu yemerewe kugira ico ahinduye muri aka gatabu

Umwanditsi:Reiko Enomoto, Technical Capacity Manager, Sustainable Agriculture Division, Rainforest Alliance

Umugenduzi w'ubuhinga:Winnie Mwaniki, Regional Projects Manager, Rainforest Alliance

Abatosoye n'intererano y'ubuhinga:Marc Monsarrat, Manager (East Africa & South Asia), Rainforest AllianceKathrin Resak, Technical Coordinator (Africa & Asia), Rainforest Alliance Sylvia Rutatina, Rainforest Alliance Tanzania Coordinator Washington Ndwiga, Rainforest Alliance Trainer, Partner AfricaMark Omondi, Rainforest Alliance Trainer, Partner Africa Jane Nyambura, Regional Manager, Partner AfricaPeter Mbadi, Project Manager, KTDAAlfrick Sang, Sustainable Agriculture Coordinator, KTDADr. F. N. Wachira, Director, Tea Research Foundation of Kenya Gabriel Tuei, Unilever KenyaZakaria Mitei, Unilever Kenya Livingstone Sambai, Unilever KenyaJagjeet Kandal, Unilever Mark Birch, UnileverRia Kearney, Tata Global BeveragesSebastian Michaelis, Tata Global BeveragesSarah Roberts, Ethical Tea PartnershipJoseph Wagurah, Ethical Tea Partnership

Abafashe amasanamu Reiko Enomoto, Rainforest Alliance Kathrin Resak, Rainforest AllianceWinnie Mwaniki, Rainforest AllianceWashington Ndwiga, Partner AfricaTea Research Foundation of Kenya

Iyi mfashanyigisho yanditswe, ihindurwa mu Kirundi iva mu ururimi rw'Icongereza, isohorwa kumfashanyo y'amafaranga ya : Sustainable Trade Initiative (IDH), Flemish Authorities (FICA), Tata Global Beverages, Unilever Plc., Taylors of Harrogate, DFID-UK Aid na Critical Ecosystems Partnership Fund.

Yashoboye gukorwa kubera ugufashanya kwa Africa Now, Kenya Tea Development Agency (KTDA) na Ethical Tea Partnership.

Imfashanyigisho y'Igitegwa c'Icayi ku Barimyi bato bo muri Afrika

Intangamarara

Igice ca 1:Uburyo buhinyanyuwe bwo kurwanya ivyonyi

Igice ca 2:Uburyo bwo gukoresha imiti ivuye mu mahinguriro budafise ingaruka mbi

Igice ca 3:Uburyo bwo gutunganya imyanda

Igice ca 4:Uburyo bwo Kubungabunga ibinyabuzima

Igice ca 5:Uburyo bwo Kubungabunga amazi

Igice ca 6:Uburyo bwo Kubungabunga isi

Igice ca 7:Uburyo bwiza bwo kubaho no gukora

Igice ca 8:Ukubungabunga imirima

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Inta

ngam

arar

a m

u nz

ira ij

a

ku

burim

yi b

uram

a Intangamarara mu nzira ija ku burimyi burama

Icyayi ni kimwe mu biterwa bifise akamaro mu bihugu vyo mu buseruko n'uburaruko vya

Afrika kikaba kininjiriza amafaranga adaharurwa ku barimyi bato. Yamara, niba ubuhinga

butaramba, bwemerewe kubandanya, bizokwandukiza ibidukikije, bitume amazi n'agataka

vyononekara, hanyuma abakirima nabo ntibahabwe agaciro. Kuri izo mvo uburimyi bw'icayi

ntibushobora kuramba mu gihe kirekire.

Kugirango umwimbu w'icayi ushobore kuramba igihe kirekire, dusabwa gukorera hamwe

mu guteza imbere umwimbu uramba, tugakuraho umwimbu utaramba ku rwego

rw'umurimyi muto. Birakenewe cane rero kumenya ko umurimyi wese ategerezwa gufata

nkama ubuhinga bwo kurima icayi mu buryo buramba.

Ni gute umurimyi muto yorima icayi mu buryo

burama? Iyi “mfashanyigisho ku giterwa c'icayi”

irerekana ubuhinga bworoshe kandi busanzwe bwo

kurima mu buryo buramba igiterwa c'icayi mu

matongo y'abarimyi bo mu bihugu vya Afrika

Ibiri muri iyi mfashanyigisho bifatiye ku ngingo

ngenderwako y'uburimyi Buramba yashizwe

ahabona muri Mukakaro 2010 n'irunani rwishinze

Uburimyi buramba, “Sustainable Agriculture

Network”. Iyi ngingo ngenderwako irimwo ibice

bihambaye vy' uburambe. Iyi mfashanyigisho niyo

shingiro ku murimyi yipfuza kubona urupapuro

rutanzwe na Rainforest Alliance 2

Inta

ngam

arar

a m

u n

zira

ija

k

u b

uri

myi bura

ma

Ibitegerezwa gukwiza kugirango uronke urwo rupapuro

Gukwiza niburiburi 80% y'ingingo zose ( ingingo zose ni 99)

Gukwiza 50% muri buri kigabane (ibigabane vyose ni 10)

Gukwiza ijana kw'ijana ingingo zose zikomeye zohava zikubuza

1.

2.

3.

Kugirango uronke urupapuro rwa Rainforest Alliance, umuntu ategerezwa

gukwiza ibi bikurikira:

Ku barimyi bato b'icayi nyinshi muri izi ngingo ntizikoreshwa. Muri iyi

mfashanyigisho turashimikira gusa ku ngingo zifitiye akamaro kandi

zikoreshwa mu matongo y'abarimyi bato b'icayi. Turabasaba ko

mushira ku muzirikanyi ko iyi mfashanyigisho idashimikira ku ngingo

zose zijanye n'ingingo ngenderwako z'uburimyi buramba, canke ku

burimyi bwerekeye imirima minini minini.

Ibiri muri iyi mfashanyigisho

Igice ca 1:Uburyo buhagije bwo kurwanya ivyonyi

Igice ca 2:Uburyo bwo gukoresha imiti ivuye mu mahingurirobudafise ingaruka mbi

Igice ca 3:Uburyo bwo gutunganya imyanda

Igice ca 4:Uburyo bwo Kubungabunga ibinyabuzima

Igice ca 5:Uburyo bwo Kubungabunga amazi

Igice ca 6:Uburyo bwo Kubungabunga isi

Igice ca 7:Uburyo bwiza bwo kubaho no gukora

Igice ca 8:Ukubungabunga imirima

Iyi mfashanyigisho igizwe n'ibice 8 bikurikira, igice cose kigahura n'ibwirizwa ry'ingingo igize

uburimyi buramba

Iki gice gihura n'ibwirizwa rya 8








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Igice ca 1

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Gutera Iyo utera igiti gishasha c'icayi, gerageza uhitemwo ubwoko

burinda ivyonyi n'indwara nk' umuswa na helopelitis. Ni

vyiza gutera ubwoko bw'icayi butandukanye aho gutera

bumwe bwonyene gusa. Iyo uteye ubwoko bwinshi,

ubwoko bwose butegerezwa guterwa ahabwo kugira ngo

ushobore gukurikirana neza umurima wawe.

Gutera ubwoko bw'icayi burobanuwe

Niba umurima warabanje

kwanduzwa n'indwara z'imizi nka

“arumilariya”, birashoboka ko iyo

ndwara yoba icinyegeje mu mizi

y'ibiti bigisigaye. Nico gituma ivyo

vyonyi bitegerezwa kuvanwa mu

murima hakoreshejwe uburyo

“impeta ivanako urukoba” bwo

kuvana igikoba ku nkikuro yose

y'igiti. Ubu buryo ni ubwo kwica

ivyonyi vyose vyinyegeje mu mizi. Impeta ivanako urukoba

KubagaraKubagara bitegerezwa gukurikiranwa mu buryo bukurikira,

hadakoreshejwe iterwa ry'imiti

Gusasira ibiti bikiri bito, canke ibimaze guhimburwa

Kugumana ibitanda vyiza ku biti vy'icayi vyakuze

Kurandura n'intoke ivyatsi biri mu cayi

Uburyo buhinyanyuye bwo kurwanya ivyonyi

Ikoreshwa ry'imiti iva mu mahinguriro sibwo buryo bwonyene bwo kurwanya

ivyonyi n'indwara. Muri Afrika, Iyo igiti c'icayi gifashwe neza kikaba gifise

ubuzima, gitegerezwa kwerekana kwandura guke kw'ivyonyi n'indwara ku buryo

bitaba ngombwa gutera imiti iva mu mahinguriro. Iyo umuntu ateye iyo miti yica

n'utundi dukoko dusanzwe turya ivyonyi vy'icayi bigatuma rero ivyo vyonyi

biguma biba vyinshi mu murima. Muri iki gice, turiga kurwanya ivyonyi n'indwara

mu buryo buramba.

Gusasira no kugumana ibitanda bikoze

neza bibuza urumuri gushika ku butaka,

bigatuma ivyatsi bitamera mu cayi.

Kubagara ukoresheje isuka bishobora

gutuma ukomeretsa imizi y'igiti c'icayi.

Nico gituma ari vyiza kubagaza intoke.

Gusasira ibiti bikiri bito

Kubagaza intoke

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Gukata icayiGukata icayi ni ngombwa kugirango ushobore kugumana ibiti vyawe vy'icayi bifise ubuzima

kandi bitanga umwimbu. Gukata bifise akamaro gakurikira.

Amashami yakaswe ku giti akoreshwa nk'isaso ry'urusi. Kandi isaso

ibuza ivyatsi gukura mu cayi. Isaso ituma urusi rugumana akanovera

kandi ikarurinda isuri. Iyo isaso itanguye kubora izanira ifumbire

urusi.

4.

Utemye icayi, gikatire hejuru ya centimetero 60 uvuye hasi (Ahagera kumavi yawe). Ukatiye hasi cane amazi atarutse avuye hasi ashobora kuzana ingwara zishobora kwinjira mu giti c'icayi

Inyuma yo gukata, shira amashami yakaswe hejuru y'igiti c'icayi kugirango ukirinde uruzuba.

Inyuma y'igihe gito niho ushobora kuyavanaho ukayakoresha nk'isaso.

Kurwanya imbeba, imfuku n'insihaImbeba, imfuku n'insiha bishobora gukomeretsa imizi n'ibiti vy'icayi.

Ukwo gukomeretsa gushobora kurwanywa mu kwimba imyobo, kandi

ugatera ivyatsi birura nabi nka teforoziya vogeli (Tephrosia vogeli),

tageti minuta (Tagetes minuta) ariyo bita Mexican marigold,

ibitunguru vya onyo canke tungurusumu. Ugerageze ntuvyice.

Teforoziya vogeli yatewe mu matongoTagetes minuta

Nimba ushaka gukoresha

amazi ava mu mababi ya

teforoziya vogeli nk' umuti

wica udukoko, baza

abagoronome

2. Gukata vyihutisha kumera kw'amashami n'amababi bisha vy'icayi.

1. Gukata amashami n'amababi arwaye bihagarika uruhererekane

rw'ubuzima bw'ivyonyi

3. Gukata bikurikirana uburebure bw'igiti c'icayi bikorohera umurimyi

kucimbura

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Arumilariya Nimba ufise igiti c'icayi capfuye canke igiti casadutse gifise urukoba rwera, ivyo ni

ibimenyetso vy'indwara ya Arumilariya. Arumilariya ni indwara ikwiragira mu giti cose ihereye

mu mizi. Iyo utayirwanije hakiri kare iyo ndwara ishobora gukwiragira ikarigita umurima wose.

Igiti casadutse uhereye mw'itsina

Igiti capfuye

Igiti capfuye canke igiti gifise amababi asa n'umuhondo

Igiti casadutse uhereye mw'itsina kiba gifise urukoba rwera

Nimba ufise igiti kirwaye

Arumilariya, utegerezwa

kurandura igiti cose hamwe

n'imizi yaco, mbere

ukakirambika hasi kikuma

Umaze kurandura igiti kirwaye, urashobora gutera igiti

gishasha umwaka ukurikira. Nimba ibiti vyaranduwe ahantu

hanini, aho hantu hashobora kubanza guterwa ibiterwa bisiga

uburyohe mu rusi nk'ivyatsi vya Gwatemala ( Guatemala

grass).

Ivyatsi vya Gwatemala

Randura igiti cose hamwe n'imizi yaco

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Kurwanya Fomobuzis (Phomopsis) canke ibivyimba vy'igiti

Iyo hatanguye kuboneka ibivyimba ku giti canke

ku mababi y'icayi, ico ni ikimenyetso

c'indwara ya fomobuzis. Iyo ni indwara yinjirira aho

amababi canke igiti cakomerekejwe. Ushobora

gukomeretsa igiti n'isuka iyo uriko urabagara, canke igiti

kigakomeretswa n'imbeba canke imfuku.

igiti gifise ibivyimba

Amababi atanguye gusa n'umuhondo

Kugirango urwanye iyi ndwara, utegerezwa gutema ibiti

n'amababi vyose vyanduye hanyuma ubiturire. Guturira

biremewe kuri iyi ndwara yo nyene, kuko nibwo buryo

bwonyene buhari bwo kuyirwanya. Iyo uturiye, menya ko

utegerzwa kuba hafi, uraba ko umuriro udatandukira ahandi.

Kwirinda iyo ndwara ni uguhitamwo ubwoko bwihanganira iyo

ndwara iyo ugiye gutera icayi. Utegerezwa no kwirinda

gukoresha isuka iyo uriko urabagara icayi, kuko ishobora

gukomeretsa imizi y' igiti c'icayi

Guturira amababi arwaye fomobusis

Kurwanya Ipogisilo (Hypoxylon) canke kubora kw'amashamiIpogisilo ni indwara ifata amashami y'icayi. Amashami yanduye atangura kubora, akazana

ibihurushi vyirabura ku rukoba. Kurwanya Ipogisilo, ni ugutema amashami yanduye

hanyuma ugasiga ku bikomere umuti urwanya udukoko w'umuringa (copper-based

fungicide). Iyo urimwo urakata icayi, utegerezwa kugikatira hejuru y'urugero rw'amavi (60

cm) kugirango agakoko gatera iyi ndwara ntigashike ku bikomere vy'igiti.

Igiti cose carwaye ipogisilo

Ibihurushi vyirabura

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Helopelitis ( insazi y'icayi)

Iyo nsazi inunuza amababi mato y'icayi acoroshe, igasiga ibizinga vy'igitare ku mababi

kubera amate yayo. Amababi yandujwe niyo nsazi akura nabi nabi.

Amababi y'icayi yandujwe na Helopelitis

Helopelitis (insazi y'icayi)

Ibabi ryanunujwe na Helopelitis

Ukuvanako amababi yoroshe yose akiri

Kurwanya helopelitis birasaba kuvanaho

amababi yoroshe yose akiri mato hanyuma

mu murima hagasigara amababi akomeye

gusa. Ubu buryo nibwo bita “ gutipinga”. Iyo

uvanyeko amababi yoroshe yose ashobora

kugaburira Helopelitis, ukwanduza kwiyo nsazi

y'icyayi kuragabanuka.

Uburyo bwo kwirinda helopelitis ni

uguhitamwo ubwoko bw'icayi burinda iyo nsazi

iyo ugiye kurima icayi bwa mbere.

Imbaragasa (Aphids) Imbaragasa ni udukoko turya amababi

yoroshe akiri mato y'icayi. Kwimbura kenshi gashoboka no

kugabanya igihe co kwimbura umara hagati y'umwimbu

n'uwundi, ni uburyo bwiza bwo kurwanya imbaragasa.

Amababi yatewe n'udusurira

Agasurira ni umwansi

w'imbaragasa. Udusurira turya

imbaragasa bigatuma

zitagwira. Iyo rero uteye imiti

iva mu mahinguriro ushaka

kwica imbaragasa n'udusurira

ntidusigara. Kudatera iyo miti

bituma utica udusurira natwo

tukagufasha kurwanya

imbaragasa.Agasurira karya imbaragasa

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Mayite (Mites)

Hari ubwoko butandukanye bwa mayite, hari

ubusa n'igitare, ubutukura, n'ubundi.

Amababi yatewe na mayite ahindura ibara

agasa n'umuringa

Umurima watewe na mayite itukura

Amababi yafashwe na mayite itukura

Gufumbira ku gihe kandi ugafumbira neza

Ibiti bitarwaye kandi bikomeye bifise ubuzima bishobora

kurinda indwara ya mayite. Gushiramwo ifumbire igihe

kandi ugafumbira neza bituma igiti kigira ubuzima,

kigakomera.

Gutera ubwoko bw'icyayi burinda mayite navyo bituma

urwanya iyo ndwara.

Reka turinde imirima yacu ivyonyi n'indwara mu

buryo buramba kandi tunabona ibiti vy'icayi

vyiza bifise ubuzima kandi bitanga umwimbu

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Ubu

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mah

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riro

buda

fise

inga

ruka

mbi

Uburyo bwo gukoresha imiti ivuye mu mahinguriro budafise ingaruka mbi

Igice ca 2

Abarimyi bafise urupapuro ntibarekuriwe gukora imirimo ibangamira ubuzima bwabo canke

ubw' abandi bantu. Nimba ukoresha imiti iva mu mahinguriro mu murima wawe w'imboga

canke ibitungwa vyawe, iyo miti itegerzwa gukoreshwa mu buryo butabangamira ubuzima

bwawe, ubwo umuryango wawe nubwo ababanyi bawe.

Ntivyemewe gutera umuti uva mu mahinguriro utambaye imyambaro yabigenewe yo kwirinda (PPE) kubera ko:

Iyi ngingo irakomeye. Kutayubahiriza, bishoboraGutuma ubura urupapuro.

Menya Neza:

Akayungiro kayungurura Imiti (Akayungurura ivumbi ntikayungurura imiti)

Ikoti ry'imvura canke igikingira umugongo

Ibirato vya nilo wambara kun toke kugira bizikingire

Umwambaro wo hasi ukozwe n'udukuko twa plasitike (ushobora kongerwako mu gihe rya koti ry'imvura ridafuka neza amaguru)

Menya Neza: ushobora gukoresha mu rugo rwawe umufuko wa plasitike utavuyemwo imiti uva mu mahinguriro. Ntugakoreshe n'imifuko yavuyemwo amafumbire ava mu mahinguriro

Ibirato vy'ingamiya bitinjirwamwo n'imiti

Akayungiro k'ivumbi

Umwambaro ukingira amaso

Utegerezwa Kwibuka ko ibice vy'umubiri vyose bitegerezwa gufukwa

Imyambaro y'umuntu wese mu kwirinda (PPE)

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ushobora kumira iyo miti biciye mu kanwa no mu mazuru

Iyo ipompo yawe iva umuti ushobora gutotesha impuzu zawe hanyuma umubiri ukanduzwa n'iyo miti

Intoke zawe zishobora gutoteshwa n'uwo muti ukakwinjiramwo

Nimba utambaye ibirato, umuti ushobora kwinjira no mu birenge vyawe

Impuzu idatoteshwa n' amazi

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Kwambara impuzu yo kwikingira yabigenewe (PPE) ntibikenewe gusa iyo uriko uratera imiti mu mboga zawe ahubwo biranakenewe niyo uriko uratera umuti ibitungwa vyawe canke ushira ifumbire mu murima wawe.

Uburyo bwiza bwo kubikamwo imiti

Imiti iva mu mahinguriro


Ni izihe ngaruka mbi iyo ubitse imiti iva mu mahinguriro mu nzu? Imyuka mibi ituruka mu bubiko bwayo iraza ikonona ubuzima bw'umuryango wawe.

Nimba wabitse iyo miti mu gikoni, abantu bo mu muryango wawe, bashobora kwibesha bakayishira mu biribwa batazi ko ari imiti y'ubumara

Nimba wabitse iyo miti mu cumba, abana bashobora kuyifata bakayinywa, bazi ko ari amazi canke ikindi kinyobwa


Nimba wabitse iyo miti ahantu huguruye hadafunze, abana bashobora kuyifata bakayikinisha, canke umuntu wo hanze akayiba.

Ingaruka zo kutabika imiti neza, zirakomeye kandi zishobora kuvamwo urupfu rw'umuntu wo mu muryango wawe.


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Iyo uriko ushiramwo ifumbire, ugomba kwambara uturato dukingira intoke, ibirato n'impuzu ipfuka hose

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Ni vyiza kugura umuti uca ukoresha ako kanya ku buryo atawusigara ngo uwubike mu nzu yawe. Mu gihe bibaye ngombwa ko ubika umuti wasigaye aho ubaye, ushobora guhitamwo mu buryo bukurikira bwo kubikamwo iyo miti iva mu mahinguriro ata ngaruka bigiriye wewe ubwawe n'umuryango wawe.

Ububiko bwubatswe mu ngunguru Ububiko bwubatswe mu ki nyankoko

1. Uko ingana nuko imeze Nimba ushaka kubika umuti uri mu ma cupa, si ngombwa ko wubaka icumba c'ububiko. Ku murimyi muto asanzwe, ahantu hato harakwiye kugirango habikemwo iyo miti. Nk'akarorero ashobora gusatura ingunguru, agakoresha ikindi cuma cose gishaje, canke agaturu k'inkoko gashaje katagikoreshwa mu kubika ya miti iva mu mahinguriro. Ubu bubiko bwose twavuze haruguru ntibutegere zwa kuba buri mu nzu imbere.

2. Ibikoresho bitononwa n'amazi Ushobora kwiyubakira ububiko ukoreshejeje ibikoresho biri hafi ariko bitononwa n' amazi. Igisenge gitegerezwa kuba cubatswe neza kandi kitava. Iyo ushatse gukoresha imbaho, utegerezwa gukoresha ubumwanya ukazipfuka kugira imiti iva ntitonyangire kuri izo

Imbere mu bubiko bwubatwe n'imbaho hakingiriwe n'ubumwanya

3. UkwugaraUbubiko butegerezwa kuba bwugaye neza n'igufuri, ahasigaye urupfunguruzo rukaba rubitswe ahantu heza hizigiwe. Ni vyiza kuhugaza igufuri kugira ngo abana canke abandi bantu ntibahugurure ngo batware iyo miti ihabitswe.

4. Icapa c'ukugabisha. Gerageza ushire icapa co kugabisha ku bubiko bwawe kugira ngo uwo ariwe wese amenye ko habitswe imiti ishobora kwica ubuzima bw'abantu.

Ingazi y'urubaho ijako imiti ipfukishijwe akamwanya.

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Ugukingira ibiterwa vy'imiti n'ibiti canke ivyatsi

Iyo uteye imiti utegerezwa kumenyako abantu baca i ruhande y'umurima batokwanduzwa

n'ubumara buva mu murima. Kugira ngo twirinde gutemba kw'imiti iva mu murima ni vyiza

gutera ibiti canke ivyatsi. Uruzitiro rurabungabunga igwirirana ry'ibinyabuzima mu murima

wawe.

Uruzitiro rw'ivyatsi canke ibiti

Umurima w'icayi

Umurima w'icayi

Umurima w'icayi



Umwanya uri hagati y'uburaro bw'abantu n'ahategerezwa kurimwaAkaba umuryango wawe canke abakozi bawe baba aho umurima uri, ni ngombwa ko hoba

umwanya hagati y'uburaro n'umurima. Iyo umurima w'icayi canke izindi ndimo zo mw'itongo

vyegereye amazu, canke abana bakinira hafi y'iyo mirima, bazokwanduzwa ni miti itemba

iva muri ya mirima. Kugirango uvyirinde ni vyiza gusiga umwanya canke ukubaka uruzitiro

rw'ibiti canke ivyatsi iruhande y'iyo mirima.

Umwanya hagati y'imirima n'uburaro

Umurima w'icayi iruhande y'inzu y'uburaro

13

Ugutunganya imyanda Igice ca 3

Ugu

tung

anya

imya

nda

Imyanda ishobora kutugirira akamaro, mu gihe

itunganijwe neza. Ariko iyo ida tunganijweneza,

ishobora kwonona impwemu, amazi n'isi yo mu

murima wawe. Iyo utiriye ubumwanya, canke

uducupa twavuyemwo imiti, imyotsi ivamwo

ishobora kwonona ubuzima bw'umuryango wawe.

Reka dutunganye imyanda mu buryo bukwiye

kugirango tugire imirima irangwamwo isuku

n'amagara meza.

Guturira imyanda ntivyemewe

Ugutunganya imyanda ibora

Imyavu yo mu gikoni n'imyavu y'ibitungwa

ishobora gushirwa muri nyabarega ikavyara

ifumbire. Iyo wayishize muri nyabarega

utegerezwa kwibuka ko utegerezwa

kuyihindukiza mu ndwi 2-3 kugira ngo hinjiremwo

akayaga, ubushuhe bwongerekane bitume

n'ifumbire ibora neza.

Gutunganya imyavu y- ubumwanya n-uducupa twavuyemwo imiti Imyavu y-ubumwanya- n-uducupa twavuyemwo imiti itegerezwa kuvangurwa n-iyindi

myavu igakoranirizwa hamwe. Uducupa twavuyemwo imiti dutegerezwa kwozwa

incuro zitatu hanyuma ukatumenagura imbere yo kudukoraniriza hamwe. Tumaze

kwegeranywa uwurongoye umugwi ategerezwa kutujana ahantu mu buryo

budashobora kwanduza ibidukikije.

Ntidutegerezwa kurekerwa mu murima.

Umufuko w-uducupa twavuyemwo imiti.

Umupfuko w-imyanda ya plastike

Igice c-ingunguru co gushiramwo ubumwanya canke uducupa.

14

Kubu

ngab

unga

uru

vang

erw

-ibin

yabu

zima.

Nimba ufise mu murima wawe hamwe mu hantu hameze nk'aha hakurikira, ico

ikinyabuzima gikeneye gukingirwa

Ahantu hari ibiti cimeza

Ahantu hari ibikoko canke ivyatsi n-ibiti biriko

birahona.

Imyonga n-inzuzi

Ibishanga

Ama park n-ahandi aho ari hose hagendurwa na

Leta y-uburundi.

Aho hantu hose havuzwe hategerezwa

gukingirwa kuberako ko habitse ibinyabuzima

vy-ubwoko bwose, hanyuma guhomba ahantu

nkaho bituma haba ihungababana rikomeye ry-

ibidukikije, nko guhomba ibinyabuzima biriko

birahona, n-amoko y-ibiti cimeza, nko gutera

inkukura canke kwanduza amazi. Ni co gituma

ahantu nkaho hadategerezwa kurimwa ngo

haterwe icayi.

Birabujijwe guca, guhiga no kurima Ku mvo zo gukingira aha hantu, ntibirekuwe kwirukana, guhiga ibikoko vyo mw-ishamba,

kurima canke ngo upompe imiti aho hantu hakingiwe

Ibi bitegerezwa kumenyeshwa umuryango wawe wose n-abakozi ukoresha.

Kubungabunga uruvange rw-ibinyabuzima

Igice ca 4

Guhonya ibinyabuzima ni urufatiro rukomeye rwotuma ubura urupapuro

Menya neza:

15

Kubungab

unga

uru

van

ge

rw-ibin

yab

uzi

ma.

Gutera ibiti cimeza Mu buryo bwo gukingira uruvange rw-ibinyabuzima vy-ahantu hakingiye, ushobora gutera

ibiti cimeza ku mpande z-imirima, irunhande y-imigezi y-amazi n-ahandi hose hari imitumba

ihanamye. Ni vyiza gutera ibiti vy-ishamba, atari ibiti vyazanywe n-abazungu kuko ibiti

cimeza nivyo usanga bimenyereye isi n-ibirere vyacu kandi bigashobora kubika uruvange

rw-ibinyabuzima.

Ahantu hahanamye haterwa ibiti cimeza.

Gutera ibiti cimeza

Ubwoko bw'ibiti cimeza buboneka muri Afrika y-ubuseruko

Gutera ivyatsi canke ibiti bikoreshwa nk-imbago Ni vyiza gutera imbago z-ivyatsi canke ibiti hagati y-ahantu hakingiwe kugirango ubuze imiti

yapompwe mu mirima kujana ha hantu hakingiwe. Birafasha no kugira ngo imirimo ukorera

mu burimyi itabangamira aho hantu hakingiwe.

Ishamba

Imbago z-ivyatsi canke ibiti

Umurima

Ibishanga Imbago z-ivyatsi canke ibiti

Umurima

16

PodokrupusiUmwungoUmurinziUmuhate UmuganoUmuvumu

Ushobora kwitegurira wewe nyene amatuta uteramwo imivyaro.

Kubungab

unga

uru

van

ge

rw-ibin

yab

uzi

ma.

Guhuza uruvange rw-ibinyabuzima

Iyo ibikoko n-inyoni vyo mw-ishamba biva ahantu bija ahandi, bikeneye kugenda bica mu

mashamba adafatanye kuko yagiye aratandukanywa n-imirima, ibikoko ntishobora

gutembera uko bishatse. Iyo umugezi w-amazi udafatanye n-ishamba ibikoko ntibishobora

kuwugeramwo.

Fatanya amashamba aho ibikoko n-inyoni bishobora gutembera mu mwidegemvyo.

Udushamba dutoduto twagiye turahuzwa.

Mu guhuza uruvange rw-ibinyabuzima,

ushobora gutera ibiti cimeza ku mpande z-

imirima yawe ugahuza n-udushamba

dutoduto twagiye turasigara canke gukingira

udushamba dusanzwe tuhari.

17

Kwishira n-ukwizana mu ruja n-uruza rw-ibikoko n-inyoni.

Kutagira umwidegemvyo

Amashamba yahonejwe agatandukanywa n-imirima bigatuma ibikoko n-inyoni

Kutagira umwidegemvyo

Uburyo bwo kubungabunga amazi

Igice ca 5 U

bury

o b

wo

ku

bung

abun

ga a

maz

i

Kuosha vifaa

Amazi ni igihambaye ku buzima bw-abantu n-ibikoko. Muri iki gice twigira hamwe ukuntu

twobungabunga amazi akaguma ari meza n-ukuntu twokingira amasoko y-amazi.

Inyuma yo gupompa imiti, ukeneye ibikoresho vyawe

n-ivyambarwa vyawe (PPE] amazi yakoreshejwe mu

kuvyoza aba arimwo ubumara, nico gituma ashobora

kwonona ibidukikije iyo adatunganijwe neza.

Ibikoresho ntibitegerezwa kwogerezwa mu nzuzi, mu myonga, canke mu bidengeri

Iyo upomfye imiti mu murima wawe w-

imboga ogereza ibikoresho mu

murima wawe, ni waheza amazi

Iyo upomfye imiti ibitungwa, ogereza

ibikoresho mu kinogo cabigenewe. Ico

kinogo gitegerezwa kwuzuzwamwo

amakara afasha kumimina amazi.

Birabujijwe guca ibiti cimeza

ubikuramwo amakara.

Icobo cuzuyemwo amakara

Wibuke kandi no kumesura impuzu zigukingira iyo utera imiti

(PPE]. Amazi wakoresheje umesura uyasese aho twakubwiye.

18

Indobo ikoreshwa gusa mu kuyogerezamwo ibikoresho gusa

Ubury

o b

wo

ku

bungab

unga

amaz

i

Imicafu y-amazi yakoreshejwe mu rugo

Kumesurira ivyambarwa mu myonga bituma

yononekara. Gusesa amazi wakoresheje yo mu gikoni

vyonona ibidukikije kandi bikorora imibu. Amazi

yakoreshejwe mu rugo nayo ategerezwa gutunganywa

neza.

Iyo urugero rw-amazi akoreshwa mu rugo ari ruto,

ashobora guseswa mu mufurege inyuma y-urugo

iruhande y-uwo mufurege ushobora kuhatera ibitoke

canke amateke kuko bishobora kunywa amazi ku

buryo bworoshe.

Umuringoti w'imetero imwe

Gusesa amazi yakoreshejwe mu rugo mu mufurege wimbwe mu murima uri inyuma y-urugo.

UmuvImitsinda y-ibitoke Amateke

Amazi yakoreshejwe

Iyo witegereje amazi atega mu murima, usanga ari amazi acafuye ari

menshi cane kugira isi iyanywe canke ibigize iyo si n-ibiyiranga

bidatuma ayo mazi ashobora kwinjira ngo anyengetere muri iyo si. Iyo

bimeze gutyo ushobora gushira umuringoti mu kuzimu ya mazi

agatemberamwo aho gutega hejuru.

19

Ubury

o b

wo

ku

bungab

unga

amaz

i

Kurandura ibiti vy-imikaratusi biteye iruhande y-imyonga.

Ibiti vy-imikaratusi biduha inkwi zo gucana ariko iyo

bitewe iruhande y-ahantu hari amazi, inzuzi,

imyonga, canke amasoko y-amazi binywa amazi

menshi ku buryo aho hantu hashobora kwuma. Iyo

isoko canke umwonga vyumye bishobora gutera

ingaruka mbi ku buzima bw-umuryango wawe no ku

babanyi bawe muri rusangi. Dukeneye gukingira

amasoko y-amazi.

Guca ibiti vy-imikaratusi bitewe iruhande y-umwonga.

Inyuma yo guca ibiti vy-imikaratusi umwonga warasubiranye.

Umwonga wumye kubera imikaratusi

Ibiti vy-imikaratusi

Kutarima iruhande y-imyonga Ntivyemewe kurima icayi canke ibindi biterwa iruhande y-imyonga. Mu gihe ivyo ubipomfye

imiti ubumara bwayo bushobora kuja mu mazi bukayonona.

Kurima iruhande y-imyonga navyo bishobora gutuma inkukura ija mu mazi. Reka dupfuke

imyonge mu gutera ibibingo n-ibindi vyatsi canke mu kuhatera ibiterwa bitadusaba guhora

turima canke gushiramwo imiti.

Isi yatwawe n-inkukura

Ubumara buja mu mazi

20

Ubury

o b

wo

ku

bungab

unga

amaz

i

Gutega amazi y-imvura Amazi ni ingirakamaro mu buzima bwacu, kandi dukeneye kubika amazi akwiye mu buzima

bwacu bwa minsi yose. Gutega amazi y-imvura ni uburyo bufise akamaro kandi bworoshe

mukuronka amazi. Ushobora gutega amazi y-imvura ava ku nzu yawe akabikwa mu kigega

c-amazi. Ushobora gukoresha ayo mazi mu nzu. Ushobora no kuyakoresha mu kuyanywa

umaze kuyahingura canke ukayateka. Imvura ni isoko ry-amazi rikomeye. Nico gituma

dutegerezwa kumenya neza ingene tuyakoresha.

Kudata imicafu mu migezi y-amazi

Guta imicafu mu migezi y-amazi nti birekuwe. Dukeneye gukingira imigezi y-amazi bituma

amazi aguma ari meza ku nyungu z-ibikoko n-abantu.

Guta imicafu mu migezi y-amazi ni imwe mu ngingo zo kubuza urupapuro utayubahirije

Menya neza:

21

Uburyo bwo gukingira isi Igice ca 6

Kurwanya inkukura

Dukeneye gukingira isi mu ndimo nzacu kugira ntigume itwarwa n-inkukura.

Ahantu iyo hahanamye isi iratwarwa igihe cose. Iyo utarwanije inkukura ibintu bishobora kuguma biba nabi.

Ubu

ryo

bwo

guki

ngira

isi

Kugirango urwanye inkukura, utegerezwa gutera ibibingo n-ibiti cimeza ahantu hose

ubona hashobora gutwarwa n-inkukura. Ibibingo bifata neza isi kandi bikagaburira n-

ibitungwa.

Ibibingo

Guturira ntibirekuwe

Guturira vyica intabire n-

udukoko dutodoto tuba mw-isi

dutuma ivyatsi bibora

bivamwo. Guturira mu

gutegura isi imbere yo kurima

ntivyemewe.

Guturira umurima imbere yo kurima n’ingingo ikubuza urupapuro utazubahirije.

Menya neza:

22

Impande z-imirima zikikijwe n-ivyatsi canke ibiti.

Uburyo bwiza ku bakozi n-ahantu heza ho gukorera

Igice ca 7

Uburaro bw-abakozi

Niwaba ukoresha abakozi mu murima bategerezwa gufatwa neza. Abakozi bakeneye

amagara meza n-ahantu heza ho gukorera.

Ubury

o b

wiz

a ku

bak

ozi

n-a

han

tu

hez

a ho

guko

rera

Iyo ufise abakozi mu murima wawe, reka turabe ko baba heza, kandi bafise amagara meza.

1. Ivyumba

Ivyumba abakozi baryamamwo n-imiryango yabo, ntibitegerezwa kuba bibikwamwo imiti,

amafumbire, amacupa canke imifuko iyo miti yavuyemwo. Ivyo vyumba ntibitegerezwa kuba

biva ku gisenge canke ku mpome.

Igisenge cononekaye kandi kiva Imiti n-amafumbire mu vyumba Imipfuko y-amafumbire ku bihome

2. Igikoni

Iyo igikoni kidafise aho imyotsi

isohokera, imyotsi iba iri mu

gikoni ishobora gutera

ingorane zikomeye z-amagara,

zikica amahaha n-amaso y-

abakozi n-imiryango yabo.

Igikoni gifise aho imyotsi

isohokera gikingira amagara y-

abakozi, kandi kigatuma

amagara yabo aguma ari

meza. Umukozi abangamiwe n-umwotsi w-itabi uva mu vyumba.

Igikoni ca kijambere gifise aho imyotsi isohokera. Ibi bituma igikoni gisa neza kigakoresha n-inkwi nke.

Umwotsi w-itabi

3. Utuzu twa surwumwe

Mu rugo rw-abakozi hategerezwa kuba

harimwo.

akazu ka surwumwe gafise isuku

23

Ubury

o b

wiz

a ku

bak

ozi

n-a

han

tu

hez

a ho

guko

rera

4. Aho bamesera

Mu rugo rw-abakozi

hategerezwa kuba hariho

aho bamesera impuzu.

Ahateguriwe kumesera impuzuKumesera impuzu mu mugezi

Gutanga amazi yo kunywa Abakozi baba canke bakorera mu

murima wawe bategerezwa kuronka

amazi meza yo kunywa. Utegerezwa

kuba igihe cose watetse amazi canke

wayagiriye isuku kugirango abakozi

bashobore kunywa amazi meza.

Ibikorwa vy-abana mu murima Kirazira gutanga akazi ku

mwana ari mu nsi y-imyaka

15 ngo akore nk-umukozi.

Ashobora gufasha mu murima mu gihe co nyene atari kwi-shure.

Abana bari munsi y-imyaka

15 bashobora gufasha

imiryango yabo mu bikorwa

bitandukanye mu gihe cose

bitabuza kuja kw-ishure mu

ngihe c-umutaga kandi

bakaba badakora ibikorwa

bibavuna canke bibagirira

ingaruka mbi.

kudatanga akazi ku mwana ari munsi y-imyaka15ni ingingo yokubuza kuronka urupapuro utayubahirije.

Menya:

24

• Munsi y-imyaka 15

• yahawe akazi nk-umukozi

• Ntashobora kuja kw-ishure

• Kubera akazi yahawe

Uburyo bwo gukingira umurima Igice ca 8

Ubu

ryo

bw

o

guki

ngir

a um

urim

a

Kubika inyandiko Ni ngombwa ko ibikorwa bikorerwa mu murima wawe igirirwa inyandiko ikabikwa. Iyo ubitse

inyandiko y-ibikorwa bikorerwa mu murima, ushobora kwibuka ibikorwa vyose vyakozwe mu

gihe giheze ugatako ugashobora no kugira imigambi yo kurushirizaho.

Iyo baravye izo nyandiko abagenduzi bo hanze no mu gihugu nabo bashobora kubona

uburyo wafashe umurima wawe.

Ibi bikurikira ni bimwe mu bikorwa ushobora kwerekana ku rugero rw-umurima:

Gupompa imiti iva mu mahinguriro

Gupompa imiti

Abakozi bahawe akazi i

Kwinjiza abakozi

Gutera ibiti

Umwimbu.

•••••

••

Umurima

Italiki

Izina ry-umuti

umwimbu

urupimo rw-umuti n-

amafumbire

Izina ry-uwapomfye

Ibikoresho vyakoreshejwe

Ivyo wokwandika mu gutera

imiti n-amasey’ikizungu:

Igenekerezo

Inyigisho zatanzwe

Izina ry-umwigisha

Amazina y-abigishijwe

Imikono y-abigishijwe

Ivyo wokwandika

mu gukarisha ubwenge

bw’abakozi:

•••••

Igenekerezo

Izina

Akazi ako ariko

Amasaha y-akazi

Umushahara

Ivyo wo kwandika

mu guha akazi abakozi:

•••••

GukwirikiranaAbarimyi n-ishirahamwe ryabo ntibategerezwa kuvanga icayi cahawe urupapuro gikeneye

kuvangurwa mu nzira zose zo kdandazwa; aho kugurirwa ku ma hangar, mu mamodokari

aho gihingurirwa mu ruganda, kugera no kugipakira mu mipfuko imbere yo kugitwara ku

masoko.

Kutavangura icayi caronse urupapuro n-ikitararuronka ni ingingo yo kubuza kuronka urupapuro uwutayubahirije.

Menya neza:

Kuvangura mu ma modoka icayi caronse urupapuro.

Kuvangura icayi mu ruganda

Icayi gifise urupapapuro ukwaco kigira ikimenyetso kikiranga. 25

Imfashanyigisho y'Igitegwa c'Icayi · murima hakoreshejwe uburyo “impeta ivanako urukoba” bwo...

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