Images : Araquém Alcântara
-
Upload
hilda-zamora -
Category
Documents
-
view
35 -
download
2
description
Transcript of Images : Araquém Alcântara
Images: Araquém Alcântara
CONFESSIONS OF A CDM PROJECT DEVELOPER
Futuro para o meio ambiente
Surrey University
16th December 2010
CDM – What and where is it?
CDM – The basic process
CDM and Brazil
Sugar Cane a Case Study
Final thoughts
CDM – What and where is it?
CDM – The basic process
CDM and Brazil
Sugar Cane Case Study
Final thoughts
The CDM allows emission-reduction projects in developing countries to earn
certified emission reduction (CER) credits, each equivalent to one tonne of CO2.
These CERs can be traded and sold, and used by industrialized countries to meet part of their emission reduction targets
under the Kyoto Protocol. The mechanism stimulates sustainable development and
emission reductions, while giving industrialized countries some flexibility in how they meet their emission reduction
limitation targets.
http://cdm.unfccc.int/about/index.html
What is the clean development mechanism?
www.elementmarkets.com
First Stage:Measure Pollutants
Calculate type and quantity of emissions
THE CAP
Establish the reduction target
PERMITS
PERMITS
THE TRADE
OFFSETS
105.000 tCO2e
2009
EMISSIONS TRADING
JOINT IMPLEMENTATION
CLEAN DEVELOPMENT MECHANISM
- 10.000 tCO2e
Emissions Trading
Kyoto Mechanisms
ANNEX 1 CER
NON ANNEX 1
Company 1
2009
100.000 tCO2e
Company
Non-Annex
Clean Development Mechanism
950.000
EUA
1,050,000 tCO2e
CDM – What and where is it?
CDM – The basic process
CDM and Brazil
Sugar Cane Case Study
Final thoughts
Greenhouse gases and Global Warming Potential
CDM Project Cycle
Repeated during the credited period
PDD - Project Design Document
Baseline, Additonality
Validation
PDD Audited
Letter of Approval
SD Contribution
CDM Registration
Operation and Monitoring
Verification
Monitered Information Audited
Emissions of CERs
Consultant/Project Developer DOE DNA UNFCCC
DOE UNFCCC
http://cdm.unfccc.int/Projects/diagram.html
Consultant/Project Developer
Baseline and Additionality
Actual Monitored Project emissions
Baseline Scenario ofCO2 Emissions
Reduction CO2 in Emissions
Years
CO2 Emissions
Additionality: Prove that the revenues from the Carbon Credits are essential to the feasibility of the project.
Barrier - Financial, Technology, Common Practice etc
CDM – What and where is it?
CDM – The basic process
CDM and Brazil
Sugar Cane Case Study
Final thoughts
Current status of the projects in the Brazilian Designated National Authority - DNA
CDM – What and where is it?
CDM – The basic process
CDM and Brazil
Sugar Cane Case Study
Final thoughts
Brazilian Sugar Cane Industry Ethanol as a Fuel:30-year-old ethanol fuel program
Since July 1, 2007 the mandatory blend is 25% of anhydrous ethanol and 75% gasoline
Flex-fuel cars- 92.3% share of all new light vehicles in 2009
50% market share of the gasoline-powered fleet by February 2008
Bagasse as an energy source:420 registered sugar and ethanol plants in Brazil - has 268 registered thermoelectric stations that utilize bagasse from sugar cane as a primary energy source, installed capacity of 3,832MW
1997 Sugar Cane processing units within Brazil were unable to export surplus energy to the grid
Over 25 CDM projects registered between April 2006 and June 2007
Baseline and Additionality
Actual Monitored Project emissions
Baseline Scenario ofCO2 Emissions
Reduction CO2 in Emissions
Years
CO2 Emissions
Agricultural Project – Collection and Transportation of the Sugar Cane
Boiler 1 Turbine 125 Mw
SteamHeader
BoilerFeed
Boiler 2 Substation NationalGrid
Sugar and Alcohol Production Unit
Bagasse from CCEAA
Industrial Project –Cane
Industrial Project –Ethanol and Sugar
Production
BiomassSteamElectricity
Turbine 245 Mw
Transmission Line
CO2 Emissions
CO2 Emissions from the National Grid
PROJECT BOUNDARY
Agricultural Project – Collection and Transportation of the Sugar Cane
Boiler 1 Turbine 125 Mw
SteamHeader
BoilerFeed
Boiler 2 Substation NationalGrid
Sugar and Alcohol Production Unit
Bagasse from CCEAA
Industrial Project –Cane
Industrial Project –Ethanol and Sugar
Production
BiomassSteamElectricity
Turbine 245 Mw
Transmission Line
CO2 Emissions
CO2 Emissions from the National Grid
PROJECT BOUNDARY
Baseline and Additionality
Actual Monitored Project emissions
Baseline Scenario ofCO2 Emissions
Reduction CO2 in Emissions
Years
CO2 Emissions
Additionality: Prove that the revenues from the Carbon Credits are essential to the feasibility of the project.
Barrier - Financial, Technology, Common Practice etc
STEP ONE - Within the Law
Vs.
STEP TWO- Barrier Analysis
INVESTMENT OF US$70million dollars- Are the CER revenues essential to the
develoment of the project?
STEP THREE – Investment Analysis
STEP THREE – Investment Analysis
Does the Company Business Plan look the same?
STEP FOUR – Common Practise
NATIONAL:
Sugar Cane processing units within Brazil were unable to export surplus energy to the grid up until 1997
Ministry of Agriculture - 420 registered sugar and ethanol plants in Brazil. ANEEL has 268 registered thermoelectric stations that utilize bagasse from sugar cane as a primary energy source, installed capacity of 3,832MW.
BUT of the units generating energy 11% only export to the grid. Potential - 75% of Brazilian bagasse (146 millions tones) for energy production in 65 bar pressure boilers, the national potential would be 8,375MW
STEP FOUR – Common Practise
LOCAL:
Globally?
Registration
DO YOU CONSIDER THE PROJECT ADDITIONAL?
Vs.
CDM Project Cycle
Repeated during the credited period
PDD - Project Design Document
Baseline, Additonality
Validation
PDD Audited
Letter of Approval
SD Contribution
CDM Registration
Operation and Monitoring
Verification
Monitered Information Audited
Emissions of CERs
Consultant/Project Developer DOE DNA UNFCCC
DOE UNFCCC
http://cdm.unfccc.int/Projects/diagram.html
Consultant/Project Developer
CDM – What and where is it?
CDM – The basic process
CDM and Brazil
Sugar Cane Case Study
Final Thoughts
Final Thoughts – Scaling Up
Lack of Demand and Clarity (post 2012)
Overly Bureaucratic - project based (2 years, tools etc)
Solution? - PoAs, Standardised baselines, NAMAs
Sustainable Development vs. Carbon Reductions
Delivering Solutions within the present financial systems
Timothy Cowman
Geoklock - Soluções em CarbonoAv. das Nações Unidas, 13.797
Bloco 2 – 21° andar04794-000 São Paulo - Brasil
0055 11 5501 [email protected]
www.geoklock.com.br
Uma empresa do Grupo ECOGEO
Futuro para o meio ambiente