ICESTAR program in Japan during IPY2007-2008
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Transcript of ICESTAR program in Japan during IPY2007-2008
ICESTAR program in Japan
during IPY2007-20081Akira Kadokura, 1Natsuo Sato, 1Takehiko Aso, 1Hisao Yamagishi, 1Hiroshi Miyaoka, 1Makoto Taguchi, 1Masaki Tsutsumi, 1Yasunobu Ogawa, 1Akira-S Yukimatsu, 1Masaki Okada, 1Yoshihiro Tomikawa, 1SatokoTakasaki, 2Yusuk
e Ebihara, 3Keisuke Hosokawa, and 4Kaoru Sato
1 National Institute of Polar Research, Tokyo, Japan 2 Nagoya University
3 University of Electro-Communications4 University of Tokyo, Japan
ICESTAR / IHYICESTAR: Interhemispheric Conjugacy Effects
in Solar-Terrestrial and Aeronomy Research
IHY: International Heliophysical Year
Presented as Expression of Intent (EoI) for IPY2007-2008.
Merged into ICESTAR/IHY as one of the core projects.
Title of activity : ICESTAR/IHY - Interhemispheric Conjugacy in Geospace Phenomena and their Heliospheric Drivers
ICESTAR co-chairs: Kirsti Kauristie (FMI)Allan Weatherwax (Siena
College)
Four Thematic Action Groups of ICESTARFour Thematic Action Groups of ICESTARA.A. QuantifyQuantify and understand the similarities and differences betwee and understand the similarities and differences betwee
n the Northern and Southern polar upper atmospheres. n the Northern and Southern polar upper atmospheres. ContaContact : ct : Martin FullekrugMartin Fullekrug (University of Bath, U.K.) (University of Bath, U.K.)
B.B. QuantifyQuantify the effects on the polar ionosphere and atmosphere of the effects on the polar ionosphere and atmosphere of the magnetospheric electromagnetic fields and plasma populatithe magnetospheric electromagnetic fields and plasma populations. ons.
Contact :Contact : Eftyhia ZestaEftyhia Zesta (UCLA, USA) (UCLA, USA)
C.C. QuantifyQuantify the atmospheric consequences of the the atmospheric consequences of the global electric cirglobal electric circuitcuit and further understand the electric circuit in the middle at and further understand the electric circuit in the middle atmosphere. mosphere.
Contact :Contact : Scott PaloScott Palo (University of Colorado, USA) , (University of Colorado, USA) ,Nikolai Nikolai Ø stgaardstgaard (University of Bergen, Norway) (University of Bergen, Norway)
D.D. CreateCreate a a data portaldata portal that will integrate all of the polar data sets that will integrate all of the polar data sets and modeling results. and modeling results.
Contact :Contact : Aaron RidleyAaron Ridley (University of Michigan, USA) , (University of Michigan, USA) ,Allan Weatherwax Allan Weatherwax (Siena College) (Siena College)
EoI #422Interhemispheric study on conjugacy and non-conjugacy of auroral and polar ionospheric disturbanc
es using ground-based observation network
Interhemispheric Study on Auroral Phenomena
Lead contact : Akira Kadokura (NIPR) ([email protected])
EoI (Expression of Intent) from NIPRfor the ICESTAR/IHY
EoI #422 To maintain and intensify the conjugate observation n
etwork in both hemispheres
・ Syowa – Iceland conjugate pair
・ Unmanned magnetometer network in Antarctica
・ SuperDARN HF-radar network
・ Imaging Riometer network
・ South Pole – Canada pair, Zhongshan – Svalbard pair
To contribute to the international Data portal, Virtual observatory project with supplying our data in near-real time
EoI #550
Coordinated radar studies of the Arctic and Antarctic middle and upper atmosphere during IPY-4 peri
od (CRSAAMU)
Lead contact : Takehiko Aso (NIPR) ([email protected])
•To do coordinated studies using MF radar, Meteo radar, EISCAT radar, etc.
EoI #355
Program of the ANtarctic SYowa MST (Mesosphere-Stratosphere-Troposphere) / IS (Inco
herent Scatter) radar (PANSY)
Lead contact : Kaoru Sato (Univ. Tokyo)
([email protected])• To do feasibility studies for the MST/IS radar (PAN
SY) at Syowa Station
Conjugate pair relating with our EoI #422
Geomagnetic mapping
Conjugate Observation at Syowa and Iceland
Conjugate point of Syowa Station in Iceland (IGRF)
Aedey
Husafell
SYO1984
SYO2007Tjornes
Conjugate point of Iceland in the Antarctic (IGRF)
TJR2007
HUS1984
AED1984AED
2007
TJR1984
HUS2007
Syowa
SYO HUS TJR AED
Fluxgate magnetometer ○ ○ ○ ○
Induction magnetometer ○ ○ ○ ○
Riometer ○ ○ ○ ○
VLF receiver ○ ○ ○ ○
Imaging Riometer ○ ○ ○
All-sky TV camera (night-viewer)
○ ○ ○
All-sky monochromatic Imager ○ ○
Meridian Scanning Photometer ○
Fabry-Perot Imager ○
SuperDARN radar ○ △
MF-radar ○
Ionosonde (NiCT) ○
VHF Doppler radar (NiCT) ○
FM/CW radar (NiCT) ○
Instruments at conjugate stations
Flow of the Syowa - Iceland conjugate data
NIPR
by airafter 1 month
ADSL
by ship
after 1 year
INTELSAT
1 Mbps
Monitoring data, IRIO, All-sky TV
All-sky CCD imager
All the data
Monitoring data, IRIO, HF, MF,
ATV (webcamera)
SYOWA
ICELAND
Syowa-Iceland Auroral Conjugate Observation
Starting from 1984 (22 year history)
Executed every year in the equinox season, mainly in September, for about 2 weeks
Simultaneous darkness for about 4 hours
Only 2~ 3 nights of simultaneous observation in one season, mainly due to weather condition
Good conjugate event is rare
TJR
SYW
TJR
SYW
MN
S
W E
N
MS
W E
September 26, 2003 event : The best conjugate event in the 22 year history
Observed with All-sky TV
For more quantitative longer period observation
Well-calibrated monochromatic imager
Fish-eye lens 16mm F2.8
Relay lens
Interference filter (λ = 557.7nm,FWHM ~ 2nm)
F1
L3
L1
L2
Imaging lens 50mm F1.2
CCD camera C4488-37512×512 Pixels ( 1pixel ~ 24μm )16Bit
CCD cameracontroller
PC
Thermostat×2,Sensor×2
optics
CCD camera controller
Automatic moon mask
Stage controller
Fan
Thermometer
Heater
Cab
le h
ole
Put in a temperature controlled box
CAI (CAI (Conjugate Auroral Imager) Installed at Husafell in 2005Installed at Husafell in 2005
9
Filter Filter : 557.7 nm or 4278 nm: 557.7 nm or 4278 nmExposure time Exposure time : 1 sec: 1 secInterval Interval : 6 sec: 6 secObservation time Observation time : Solar Zenith Angle > 99°: Solar Zenith Angle > 99°Operation Operation : Automatic and Remote: Automatic and Remote
all through the seasonall through the season
by M. Taguchi
Now we can obtain auroral data at conjugate stations all through the year
3 8 10 2 4
IcelandSyowa
Conjugate Conjugate
month
Develop the unmanned magnetometer network
80 S30 E 40 E 50 E20 E
0 500 km
2000m
3000m
70 S
75 S
Map area
0 90 E
18090 W
昭和基地 S16
みずほ基地
3800m
H260
H15
MD120
MD240
MD364
MD500
MD620
ドームふじ 観測拠点
やまと山脈
MD
(中継拠点)
調査ルート
雪氷基本観測点
45次内陸調査ルート
Mizuho
Dome Fuji
Syowa
Yamato Mt.
JARE-44 (2002-2004) BAS-LPM
Skallen [69°40′24″S, 39°24′07″E]
Cape Omega [68°34′39.4″S, 41°04′54.1″E]
H100 [69°17'44"S, 41°19'15"E]
Dome Fuji [77°19'01"S, 39°42'12"E]
H100
JARE-46 (2004-2006) NIPR-LPM
S16 [69 ゜ 01’80“S, 40 ゜ 03‘ 65“ E]
JARE-45 (2003-2005) BAS-LPM
H100 [69°17'44"S, 41°19'15"E]
Mizuho [70°42‘7.7"S, 44°17‘4.1"E]
Middle Point [74°00’37.0"S, 42°59’30.4"E]
Dome Fuji [77°19'01.6"S, 39°42’31.7"E]
JARE-48 (2006-2008) NIPR-LPM Skallen [69°40′24″S, 39°24′07″E]
H57 [69°09‘38"S, 40°58‘52"E]
MD364
Unmanned magnetometers in JARE
SerRondane
NIPR-LPM in IPY
Comparison of BAS and NIPR type LPMs
BAS-LPM NIPR-LPMMagnetometer MAG-03MC MAG-03MC
Resolution 16 bit 16 bit
Noise level 1 nT 0.2 nTLow Pass Filter 100 Hz 15 Hz
Power consumption(1 sec sampling)
0.42 W 0.16 W
Data acquisitionFlash memory
card
Iridium satellite
Flash memory card
Command sending × ○
NIPR -LPMIridium satellite
Transmit time (1 sec sampling) :
about 20 min for 1 day data
Field
NIPR
NIPR-LPM
http://polaris.nipr.ac.jp/~uap-mon/NIPR_LPM.html
BAS-LPMand
All-sky TV
in 2003
Middle scale
evolution
Dome Fuji
Syowa
BAS-LPM and All-sky TV in 2003 : Small scale evolution
HF-radar network in the both hemisphere( SuperDARN )
Polar Mesosphere Summer Echoes (PMSE) observed by SuperDARN
Morphological Morphological
featuresfeatures
Strong radar Strong radar
backscatterbackscatter
Altitude : around Altitude : around
86km86km
In summer polar In summer polar
regionregion
Low Doppler velocity Low Doppler velocity
and narrow widthand narrow width
Conjugate study of the PMSE by SuperDARN
Hosokawa et al., GRL, 2005
Observation of the Pulsating aurora by the SuperDARN radar
0310 – 0314 UT0310 – 0314 UT
beam 7 aligned Doppler velocity (2-sec values)beam 7 aligned Doppler velocity (2-sec values)
Radar velocity vs H-component
Observation of the Pulsating auroraby the SuperDARN radar
All-Sky Imager at South Pole
Syowa-SouthSanae
Halley Bay
FOV of All-Sky Imager at South Pole at 120 km
ConjugateObservation
between South Poleand Iqaluit(planned)
Iqaluit (Canada)
field line
South Pole
Project team:
Y. Ebihara, N. Sato, et al. (NIPR, Japan)
A.T. Weatherwax(Siena College, USA)
P.T. Jayachandran(Univ. of New Brunswick, Canada)
Program of the Antarctic Syowa MST/IS Program of the Antarctic Syowa MST/IS RadarRadar (( PANSY)PANSY)
Mesosphere, Stratosphere and TroposphereMesosphere, Stratosphere and Troposphere/ Incoherent Scatter Radar / Incoherent Scatter Radar
K Sato, M Tsutsumi, T Sato, A Saito, Y Tomikawa,K Nishimura,T Aso, T Yamanouchi, M Ejiri
PANSY is derived from the French word, ’pensee’, meaning ‘thought’
Specifications of PANSY
System Pulse Doppler radar. Active phased array system
Center freq. ~ 50MH zAntenna A quasi-circular array consisting of about 1000
crossed Yagi antennas. Diameter about 160mTransmitter About 1000 solid-state TR modules
Peak Power : 500kWReceiver About 50 channel digital receiving system
- Height coverage : 1 ~ 500km- Three dimensional winds and plasma parameters- Fine time and height resolutions
Feasibility Study
Field survey
Syowa station
Light-weight test antennaPrototype power-efficient
(class-E) amplifier
Pilot System for PANSY (2007-2008)Comprehensive test - Light-weight and robust antennas - Power-efficient class-E amplifiers
Scientific study as a meteor wind radar as well
• To maintain and intensify the Syowa – Iceland conjugate observations.
• To develop the unmanned magnetometer network in the Antarctic.
• To maintain other facilities at Syowa Station, including the two SuperDARN radars, etc.
• To do coordinated studies using MF radar, Meteo radar, EISCAT radar, etc.
• To do feasibility studies for the MST/IS radar (PANSY) at Syowa
• To transfer the data to Japan in near real time
• To make the data accessible for the community more quickly and more easily.
Summary : Japanese activity for the ICESTAR