ICESTAR program in Japan during IPY2007-2008

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ICESTAR program in Japan during IPY2007-2008 1 Akira Kadokura , 1 Natsuo Sato, 1 Takehiko A so, 1 Hisao Yamagishi, 1 Hiroshi Miyaoka, 1 M akoto Taguchi, 1 Masaki Tsutsumi, 1 Yasunobu Ogawa, 1 Akira-S Yukimatsu, 1 Masaki Okada, 1 Yoshihiro Tomikawa, 1 SatokoTakasaki, 2 Yus uke Ebihara, 3 Keisuke Hosokawa, and 4 Kaoru Sato 1 National Institute of Polar Research, Tokyo, Japan 2 Nagoya University 3 University of Electro-Communications

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Page 1: ICESTAR program in Japan  during IPY2007-2008

ICESTAR program in Japan

during IPY2007-20081Akira Kadokura, 1Natsuo Sato, 1Takehiko Aso, 1Hisao Yamagishi, 1Hiroshi Miyaoka, 1Makoto Taguchi, 1Masaki Tsutsumi, 1Yasunobu Ogawa, 1Akira-S Yukimatsu, 1Masaki Okada, 1Yoshihiro Tomikawa, 1SatokoTakasaki, 2Yusuk

e Ebihara, 3Keisuke Hosokawa, and 4Kaoru Sato

1 National Institute of Polar Research, Tokyo, Japan 2 Nagoya University

3 University of Electro-Communications4 University of Tokyo, Japan

Page 2: ICESTAR program in Japan  during IPY2007-2008

ICESTAR / IHYICESTAR: Interhemispheric Conjugacy Effects

in Solar-Terrestrial and Aeronomy Research

IHY: International Heliophysical Year

Presented as Expression of Intent (EoI) for IPY2007-2008.

Merged into ICESTAR/IHY as one of the core projects.

Title of activity : ICESTAR/IHY - Interhemispheric Conjugacy in Geospace Phenomena and their Heliospheric Drivers

ICESTAR co-chairs: Kirsti Kauristie (FMI)Allan Weatherwax (Siena

College)

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Four Thematic Action Groups of ICESTARFour Thematic Action Groups of ICESTARA.A. QuantifyQuantify and understand the similarities and differences betwee and understand the similarities and differences betwee

n the Northern and Southern polar upper atmospheres. n the Northern and Southern polar upper atmospheres. ContaContact : ct : Martin FullekrugMartin Fullekrug (University of Bath, U.K.) (University of Bath, U.K.)

B.B. QuantifyQuantify the effects on the polar ionosphere and atmosphere of the effects on the polar ionosphere and atmosphere of the magnetospheric electromagnetic fields and plasma populatithe magnetospheric electromagnetic fields and plasma populations. ons.

Contact :Contact : Eftyhia ZestaEftyhia Zesta (UCLA, USA) (UCLA, USA)

C.C. QuantifyQuantify the atmospheric consequences of the the atmospheric consequences of the global electric cirglobal electric circuitcuit and further understand the electric circuit in the middle at and further understand the electric circuit in the middle atmosphere. mosphere.

Contact :Contact : Scott PaloScott Palo (University of Colorado, USA) , (University of Colorado, USA) ,Nikolai Nikolai Ø stgaardstgaard (University of Bergen, Norway) (University of Bergen, Norway)

D.D. CreateCreate a a data portaldata portal that will integrate all of the polar data sets that will integrate all of the polar data sets and modeling results. and modeling results.

Contact :Contact : Aaron RidleyAaron Ridley (University of Michigan, USA) , (University of Michigan, USA) ,Allan Weatherwax Allan Weatherwax (Siena College) (Siena College)

Page 4: ICESTAR program in Japan  during IPY2007-2008

EoI #422Interhemispheric study on conjugacy and non-conjugacy of auroral and polar ionospheric disturbanc

es using ground-based observation network

Interhemispheric Study on Auroral Phenomena

Lead contact : Akira Kadokura (NIPR) ([email protected])

EoI (Expression of Intent) from NIPRfor the ICESTAR/IHY

Page 5: ICESTAR program in Japan  during IPY2007-2008

EoI #422 To maintain and intensify the conjugate observation n

etwork in both hemispheres

 ・ Syowa – Iceland conjugate pair

 ・ Unmanned magnetometer network in Antarctica

 ・ SuperDARN HF-radar network

 ・ Imaging Riometer network

 ・ South Pole – Canada pair, Zhongshan – Svalbard pair

To contribute to the international Data portal, Virtual observatory project with supplying our data in near-real time

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EoI #550

Coordinated radar studies of the Arctic and Antarctic middle and upper atmosphere during IPY-4 peri

od (CRSAAMU)

Lead contact : Takehiko Aso (NIPR) ([email protected])

•To do coordinated studies using MF radar, Meteo radar, EISCAT radar, etc.

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EoI #355

Program of the ANtarctic SYowa MST (Mesosphere-Stratosphere-Troposphere) / IS (Inco

herent Scatter) radar (PANSY)

Lead contact : Kaoru Sato (Univ. Tokyo)

([email protected])• To do feasibility studies for the MST/IS radar (PAN

SY) at Syowa Station

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Conjugate pair relating with our EoI #422

Geomagnetic mapping

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Conjugate Observation at Syowa and Iceland

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Conjugate point of Syowa Station in Iceland (IGRF)

Aedey

Husafell

SYO1984

SYO2007Tjornes

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Conjugate point of Iceland in the Antarctic (IGRF)

TJR2007

HUS1984

AED1984AED

2007

TJR1984

HUS2007

Syowa

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SYO HUS TJR AED

Fluxgate magnetometer ○ ○ ○ ○

Induction magnetometer ○ ○ ○ ○

Riometer ○ ○ ○ ○

VLF receiver ○ ○ ○ ○

Imaging Riometer ○ ○ ○

All-sky TV camera (night-viewer)

○ ○ ○

All-sky monochromatic Imager ○ ○

Meridian Scanning Photometer ○

Fabry-Perot Imager ○

SuperDARN radar ○ △

MF-radar ○

Ionosonde (NiCT) ○

VHF Doppler radar (NiCT) ○

FM/CW radar (NiCT) ○

Instruments at conjugate stations

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Flow of the Syowa - Iceland conjugate data

NIPR

by airafter 1 month

ADSL

by ship

after 1 year

INTELSAT

1 Mbps

Monitoring data, IRIO, All-sky TV

All-sky CCD imager

All the data

Monitoring data, IRIO, HF, MF,

ATV (webcamera)

SYOWA

ICELAND

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Syowa-Iceland Auroral Conjugate Observation

Starting from 1984 (22 year history)

Executed every year in the equinox season, mainly in September, for about 2 weeks

Simultaneous darkness for about 4 hours

Only 2~ 3 nights of simultaneous observation in one season, mainly due to weather condition

Good conjugate event is rare

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TJR

SYW

TJR

SYW

MN

S

W E

N

MS

W E

September 26, 2003 event : The best conjugate event in the 22 year history

Observed with All-sky TV

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For more quantitative longer period observation

Well-calibrated monochromatic imager

Fish-eye lens 16mm F2.8

Relay lens

Interference filter (λ = 557.7nm,FWHM ~ 2nm)

F1

L3

L1

L2

Imaging lens   50mm F1.2

CCD camera   C4488-37512×512 Pixels ( 1pixel ~ 24μm )16Bit

CCD cameracontroller

PC

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Thermostat×2,Sensor×2

optics

CCD camera controller

Automatic moon mask

Stage controller

Fan

Thermometer

Heater

Cab

le h

ole

Put in a temperature controlled box

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CAI (CAI (Conjugate Auroral Imager) Installed at Husafell in 2005Installed at Husafell in 2005

9

Filter Filter : 557.7 nm or 4278 nm: 557.7 nm or 4278 nmExposure time Exposure time : 1 sec: 1 secInterval Interval : 6 sec: 6 secObservation time Observation time : Solar Zenith Angle > 99°: Solar Zenith Angle > 99°Operation Operation : Automatic and Remote: Automatic and Remote

all through the seasonall through the season

by M. Taguchi

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Now we can obtain auroral data at conjugate stations all through the year

3 8 10 2 4

IcelandSyowa

Conjugate Conjugate

month

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Develop the unmanned magnetometer network

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80 S30 E 40 E 50 E20 E

0 500 km

2000m

3000m

70 S

75 S

Map area

0 90 E

18090 W

昭和基地 S16

みずほ基地

3800m

H260

H15

MD120

MD240

MD364

MD500

MD620

ドームふじ 観測拠点

やまと山脈

MD

(中継拠点)

調査ルート

雪氷基本観測点

45次内陸調査ルート

Mizuho

Dome Fuji

Syowa

Yamato Mt.

JARE-44 (2002-2004) BAS-LPM

Skallen [69°40′24″S, 39°24′07″E]

Cape Omega [68°34′39.4″S, 41°04′54.1″E]

H100 [69°17'44"S, 41°19'15"E]

Dome Fuji [77°19'01"S, 39°42'12"E]

H100

JARE-46 (2004-2006) NIPR-LPM

S16 [69 ゜ 01’80“S, 40 ゜ 03‘ 65“ E]

JARE-45 (2003-2005) BAS-LPM

H100 [69°17'44"S, 41°19'15"E]

Mizuho [70°42‘7.7"S, 44°17‘4.1"E]

Middle Point [74°00’37.0"S, 42°59’30.4"E]

Dome Fuji [77°19'01.6"S, 39°42’31.7"E]

JARE-48 (2006-2008) NIPR-LPM Skallen [69°40′24″S, 39°24′07″E]

H57 [69°09‘38"S, 40°58‘52"E]

MD364

Unmanned magnetometers in JARE

SerRondane

NIPR-LPM in IPY

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Comparison of BAS and NIPR type LPMs

BAS-LPM NIPR-LPMMagnetometer MAG-03MC MAG-03MC

Resolution 16 bit 16 bit

Noise level 1 nT 0.2 nTLow Pass Filter 100 Hz 15 Hz

Power consumption(1 sec sampling)

0.42 W 0.16 W

Data acquisitionFlash memory

card

Iridium satellite

Flash memory card

Command sending × ○

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NIPR -LPMIridium satellite

Transmit time (1 sec sampling) :

about 20 min for 1 day data

Field

NIPR

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NIPR-LPM

http://polaris.nipr.ac.jp/~uap-mon/NIPR_LPM.html

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BAS-LPMand

All-sky TV

in 2003

Middle scale

evolution

Dome Fuji

Syowa

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BAS-LPM and All-sky TV in 2003 : Small scale evolution

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HF-radar network in the both hemisphere( SuperDARN )

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Polar Mesosphere Summer Echoes (PMSE) observed by SuperDARN

Morphological Morphological

featuresfeatures

Strong radar Strong radar

backscatterbackscatter

Altitude : around Altitude : around

86km86km

In summer polar In summer polar

regionregion

Low Doppler velocity Low Doppler velocity

and narrow widthand narrow width

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Conjugate study of the PMSE by SuperDARN

Hosokawa et al., GRL, 2005

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Observation of the Pulsating aurora by the SuperDARN radar

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0310 – 0314 UT0310 – 0314 UT

beam 7 aligned Doppler velocity (2-sec values)beam 7 aligned Doppler velocity (2-sec values)

Radar velocity vs H-component

Observation of the Pulsating auroraby the SuperDARN radar

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All-Sky Imager at South Pole

Syowa-SouthSanae

Halley Bay

FOV of All-Sky Imager at South Pole at 120 km

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ConjugateObservation

between South Poleand Iqaluit(planned)

Iqaluit (Canada)

field line

South Pole

Project team:

Y. Ebihara, N. Sato, et al. (NIPR, Japan)

A.T. Weatherwax(Siena College, USA)

P.T. Jayachandran(Univ. of New Brunswick, Canada)

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Program of the Antarctic Syowa MST/IS Program of the Antarctic Syowa MST/IS RadarRadar (( PANSY)PANSY)

Mesosphere, Stratosphere and TroposphereMesosphere, Stratosphere and Troposphere/ Incoherent Scatter Radar / Incoherent Scatter Radar

K Sato, M Tsutsumi, T Sato, A Saito, Y Tomikawa,K Nishimura,T Aso, T Yamanouchi, M Ejiri

PANSY is derived from the French word, ’pensee’, meaning ‘thought’

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Specifications of PANSY

System Pulse Doppler radar. Active phased array system

Center freq. ~ 50MH zAntenna A quasi-circular array consisting of about 1000

crossed Yagi antennas. Diameter about 160mTransmitter About 1000 solid-state TR modules

Peak Power : 500kWReceiver About 50 channel digital receiving system

- Height coverage : 1 ~ 500km- Three dimensional winds and plasma parameters- Fine time and height resolutions

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Feasibility Study

Field survey

Syowa station

Light-weight test antennaPrototype power-efficient

(class-E) amplifier

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Pilot System for PANSY (2007-2008)Comprehensive test - Light-weight and robust antennas - Power-efficient class-E amplifiers

Scientific study as a meteor wind radar as well

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• To maintain and intensify the Syowa – Iceland conjugate observations.

• To develop the unmanned magnetometer network in the Antarctic.

• To maintain other facilities at Syowa Station, including the two SuperDARN radars, etc.

• To do coordinated studies using MF radar, Meteo radar, EISCAT radar, etc.

• To do feasibility studies for the MST/IS radar (PANSY) at Syowa

• To transfer the data to Japan in near real time

• To make the data accessible for the community more quickly and more easily.

Summary : Japanese activity for the ICESTAR