Iaastd - Bangkok

8/14/2019 Iaastd - Bangkok

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An International Assessment of the Role of An International Assessment of the Role of Agricultural Science and Technology forAgricultural Science and Technology forDevelopmentDevelopment

on behalf of on behalf of

Hans, Judi and BobHans, Judi and Boband the Secretariatand the Secretariat

BangkokBangkokMay, 2006May, 2006


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Scope of PresentationScope of Presentation

Peer-review process: Roles andPeer-review process: Roles andResponsibilities of authors and reviewResponsibilities of authors and revieweditorseditors

What is an Assessment and the features of What is an Assessment and the features of a good Executive Summarya good Executive Summary

Elements of the IAASTDElements of the IAASTD

Next StepsNext Steps


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Peer-Review Process:Peer-Review Process:Roles and Responsibilities of Authors andRoles and Responsibilities of Authors and

Review EditorsReview Editors


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Peer-Review ProcessPeer-Review ProcessFinal draft chapters to Secretariat by July 25Final draft chapters to Secretariat by July 25

Executive SummaryExecutive Summary

Agreed formatAgreed formatHigh quality tables and graphicsHigh quality tables and graphicsWell referencedWell referenced

Secretariat needs at least 3 weeksSecretariat needs at least 3 weeks

Sent to experts and governments for review on August 11Sent to experts and governments for review on August 11

Comments back to Secretariat by September 22Comments back to Secretariat by September 22

Collated and un-collated comments on web by October 7Collated and un-collated comments on web by October 7

Third authors meeting: November 6-10Third authors meeting: November 6-10

Suggest half day with CLAsSuggest half day with CLAsFive days for all authorsFive days for all authors


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Review EditorsReview EditorsNomination deadline for review editors is May 22 (with vitae) orNomination deadline for review editors is May 22 (with vitae) or

May 12 (without vitae) please send names and vitae or at leastMay 12 (without vitae) please send names and vitae or at leastnames and contact information 2-3 page vitaenames and contact information 2-3 page vitae

Names will be sent to Bureau for approval by June 7Names will be sent to Bureau for approval by June 7

Work with the chapter authors to assess how to take intoWork with the chapter authors to assess how to take intoaccount the peer-review commentsaccount the peer-review comments Especially for controversial and contentious issuesEspecially for controversial and contentious issues Final decision regarding the text is with the authorsFinal decision regarding the text is with the authors

If there is a difference of opinion between the authors and reviewIf there is a difference of opinion between the authors and revieweditors, the authors and editors opinions are referred to the co-editors, the authors and editors opinions are referred to the co-chairs and director to mediatechairs and director to mediate

Review editors will attend the 3Review editors will attend the 3 rdrd and 4and 4 thth global authors meetingsglobal authors meetings


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What is an Assessment and theWhat is an Assessment and theCharacteristics of an Executive SummaryCharacteristics of an Executive Summary


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What is an Assessment?What is an Assessment?

An assessment is aAn assessment is a critical evaluationcritical evaluation of of information, for purposes of guiding decisionsinformation, for purposes of guiding decisionson a complex, public issueon a complex, public issue

Assessments shouldAssessments should reducereduce complexity butcomplexity but add add valuevalue by summarisation, synthesis and sortingby summarisation, synthesis and sortingwhat is known and widely accepted from whatwhat is known and widely accepted from whatis not known (or not agreed)is not known (or not agreed)

Assessments relate to the situation at aAssessments relate to the situation at aparticular time and in a given geographicalparticular time and in a given geographicaldomaindomain


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AssessmentAssessment vsvs ReviewReview

Knowledge forimplementation: problem-driven

Research:curiosity-driven

Identifies gaps in

EssentialNot required(Un)certainty statements

Sufficient to deal withmain range of uncertainty

Exhaustive,historical

Coverage

Essential to reduce

complexity

Not requiredSynthesis

Required but clearlyflaggedHidden Judgement

Broad and complexSimple andnarrow

Topic

Large and varied groupOne or a fewDone by Decision-makersScientists Audience

AssessmentReview


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Features of a good executive summaryFeatures of a good executive summaryHighlights key findings (decision makerHighlights key findings (decision makerrelevant) supported by arguments/evidencerelevant) supported by arguments/evidenceShould follow the chapter outline but dont haveShould follow the chapter outline but dont haveto have to have key findings for all the sectionsto have to have key findings for all the sectionsBe brief but not cryptic - avoid ambiguity andBe brief but not cryptic - avoid ambiguity andgeneralitiesgeneralities

Tone has to be consistent with the chapterTone has to be consistent with the chapterState degree of confidence wherever possible -State degree of confidence wherever possible -robust findings and key uncertaintiesrobust findings and key uncertaintiesNo literature referencesNo literature references

Should identify gaps - what do we know andShould identify gaps - what do we know andwhat we dont knowwhat we dont knowHas to be transferable into the Summary forHas to be transferable into the Summary forDecision makersDecision makers

Text should be user friendly - not too technicalText should be user friendly - not too technical


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Example of bullets from execExample of bullets from execsummariessummaries

The risk of extinction will increase for many species that areThe risk of extinction will increase for many species that arealready vulnerable.already vulnerable. Species with limited climatic ranges and/orSpecies with limited climatic ranges and/orrestricted habitat requirements and/or small populations arerestricted habitat requirements and/or small populations aretypically the most vulnerable to extinction, such as endemictypically the most vulnerable to extinction, such as endemic

mountain species and biota restricted to islands (e.g., birds),mountain species and biota restricted to islands (e.g., birds),peninsulas (e.g., Cape Floral Kingdom), or coastal areas (e.g.,peninsulas (e.g., Cape Floral Kingdom), or coastal areas (e.g.,mangroves, coastal wetlands, and coral reefs). In contrast, speciesmangroves, coastal wetlands, and coral reefs). In contrast, specieswith extensive, non-patchy ranges, long-range dispersalwith extensive, non-patchy ranges, long-range dispersalmechanisms, and large populations are at less risk of extinction.mechanisms, and large populations are at less risk of extinction.

While there is little evidence to suggest that climate change willWhile there is little evidence to suggest that climate change willslow species losses, there is evidence it may increase species losses.slow species losses, there is evidence it may increase species losses.In some regions there may be an increase in local biodiversityIn some regions there may be an increase in local biodiversityusually as a result of species introductions, the long-termusually as a result of species introductions, the long-termconsequences of which are hard to foresee.consequences of which are hard to foresee.


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Recent regional changes in climate, particularly increasesRecent regional changes in climate, particularly increasesin temperature, have already affected hydrological systemsin temperature, have already affected hydrological systemsand terrestrial and marine ecosystems in many parts of theand terrestrial and marine ecosystems in many parts of theworld.world. The observed changes in these systems are coherentacross diverse localities and/or regions and are consistent indirection with the expected effects of regional changes intemperature. The probability that the observed changes in theexpected direction (with no reference to magnitude) could occurby chance alone is negligible.


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Models of cereal crops indicate that in some temperateareas potential yields increase with small increases intemperature but decrease with larger temperature changes( medium to low confidence ), where-as in most tropical andsubtropical regions, potential yields are projected to

decrease for most projected increases in temperature( medium confidence ). Where there is also a large decrease inrainfall in subtropical and tropical dryland/rainfed systems, cropyields would be even more adversely affected. These estimatesinclude some adaptive responses by farmers and the beneficialeffects of CO2 fertilization, but not the impact of projectedincreases in pest infestations and changes in climate extremes.The ability of livestock producers to adapt their herds to thephysiological stresses associated with climate change is poorlyknown. Warming of a few C or more is projected to increase foodprices globally, and may increase the risk of hunger in vulnerablepopulations.


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Climate change will exacerbate water shortagesClimate change will exacerbate water shortagesin many water-scarce areas of the world.in many water-scarce areas of the world. Demandfor water is generally increasing due to populationgrowth and economic development, but is falling in

some countries because of increased efficiency of use.Climate change is projected to substantially reduceavailable water (as reflected by projected runoff) inmany of the water-scarce areas of the world, but toincrease it in some other areas ( medium confidence ).Freshwater quality generally would be degraded byhigher water temperatures ( high confidence ), but thismay be offset in some regions by increased flows.


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Elements of the IAASTDElements of the IAASTD


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Elements of the IAASTDElements of the IAASTDGlobal AssessmentGlobal Assessment

10 chapters (about 50 pages each, excluding10 chapters (about 50 pages each, excludingreferences), each with a 2-3 page executivereferences), each with a 2-3 page executivesummarysummary5-15 page Summary for Decision Makers5-15 page Summary for Decision Makers

Five Sub-global AssessmentsFive Sub-global Assessments5 chapters (about 50 pages each, excluding5 chapters (about 50 pages each, excludingreferences), , each with a 2-3 page executivereferences), , each with a 2-3 page executivesummarysummary

5-10 page Summary for Decision Makers5-10 page Summary for Decision Makers

Synthesis ReportSynthesis Report50 pages50 pagesSummary for Decision Makers of 5-10 pagesSummary for Decision Makers of 5-10 pages


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Summary for Decision MakersThe most critical element of the assessment

written for policymakers in less technical language

summarizes the most policy-relevant conclusions

ensures government/stakeholder ownership of theconclusions

written by the experts - normally the Co-chairs,Director and Chapter CLAs, with critical input by thelead authors

peer-reviewed by all lead authors, experts and

governments5-15 pages, including figures

approved by governments/stakeholders in plenaryline-by-line, but with experts in attendance ensuringtotal consistency with the underlying reports


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Synthesis Report Synthesizes the key findings from the global and sub-global

assessments

Summarizes conclusions that are globally relevant, whilehighlighting regional/sub-regional differences

Will focus on the development goals and the cross-cuttingissues

NRM (availability, access) emphasis on water

Markets

Public and private sector investments in AKST

and possibly other specific public policy issues, e.g.,

Human health, including animal-human health interactions

Aquaculture, biofuels, transgenics

A 25-50 page report and a 5-10 page summary for decisionMakers

Simultaneous expert and government review

SPM approved line by line, longer report adopted paragraph byparagraph


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Next StepsNext StepsFinalize chapters, including executive summaries, figures,Finalize chapters, including executive summaries, figures,tables and referencestables and references

LAs need to support their CLAsLAs need to support their CLAsPlease submit promised text on timePlease submit promised text on time

Secretariat can facilitate teleconferences among andSecretariat can facilitate teleconferences among andbetween author teams if neededbetween author teams if needed

Please put your Chapters on the web so that we can ensurePlease put your Chapters on the web so that we can ensureconsistency across chaptersconsistency across chapters

Do not avoid potentially controversial issuesDo not avoid potentially controversial issues

Use terms consistent with the glossaryUse terms consistent with the glossaryBiotechnology, institutions, poverty, Biotechnology, institutions, poverty,


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The co-Chairs, in collaboration with theThe co-Chairs, in collaboration with theSecretariat, and in consultation with IWMI,Secretariat, and in consultation with IWMI,decide on whether to hold the third global leaddecide on whether to hold the third global leadauthors meeting in Sri Lanka or move it likely toauthors meeting in Sri Lanka or move it likely toSouth AfricaSouth Africa

your input to our decision is vital you must feel safeyour input to our decision is vital you must feel safe

We will make a decision and inform you withinWe will make a decision and inform you withinone monthone month


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Final WordsFinal Words

Thank you for all your hard work weThank you for all your hard work werecognize you all have very busy lives andrecognize you all have very busy lives and

this is a major sacrifice of your time andthis is a major sacrifice of your time and

takes you away from your families, friendstakes you away from your families, friendsand organizationsand organizations

The spirit at this meeting has beenThe spirit at this meeting has beenoutstanding and bodes well for the futureoutstanding and bodes well for the future

Once again, thank youOnce again, thank you

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