深入浅出云计算

之IaaS

－－适兕 2015.11.11

议程

谈谈⽅法

阐述历史

业界优秀产品体验

关键组件／概念诠释

虚拟化、虚拟化管理⼯具、IaaS平台释疑

能⼲什么？有何好处？

业界标杆的平台介绍欢迎随时互动！

谈谈⽅法

–-《复仇者联盟2：奥创纪元》中美国队长如是说

“The World is a big place,start it making smaller.”

讲解的两个视野

由外⽽内

由理论⽽实践

切忌！

定位好自⼰的角⾊

⼀些直觉上的认识

–Vivek Kundra,former federal CIO,U.S. government

“There are a time when every household,town,farm,or village had

its own water well.Today,Shared public utilities give us access to

clean water by simply turning on the tap;Cloud computing works in a

similar fashion.”

By Krishnan Subramanian 2010

Electrical power generation and delivery through electrical grid are similar to the cloud provider taking

care of compute power and delivering through internet.

Pay as you go pricing model.

Enormous cost savings that accompanies large scale centralized

power/compute generation and delivery.

–《the prehistory of Cloud》

“Stop thinking about ‘the cloud’ as a noun and to begin to us ‘clouding’

as a verb,Now everything can be clouded.Airbnb are modern versions

of housing clouds delivering housing as a service,and

similarly,Zipcar and Uber are car cloud.”

–《Cloud system administration》

“Cloud Computing is Market term.

not technology.”

企业、学术界的各种定义

–AWS

“Cloud computing is the on-demand delivery of IT resources and

applications via the Internet with pay-as-you-go pricing.

Cloud computing provides a simple way to access servers, storage, databases, and a broad set of application services over the

Internet.”

NIST 定义

On-demand self-service.

Broad network access.

Resource pooling

Rapid elasticity.

Measured service.

pdf

–Buyya et al.

““Cloud is a parallel and

distributed computing system consisting of a collection of inter-connected

and virtualised computers that are dynamically provisioned and presented as one

or more unified computing resources based on service-level agreements (SLA)

established through negotiation between the service provider

and consumers.”

–Vaquero et al.

“clouds are a large pool of easily usable and accessible virtualized resources (such as hardware, development platforms

and/or services). These resources can be dynamically reconfigured to adjust

to a variable load (scale), allowing also for an optimum resource utilization.

This pool of resources is typically exploited by a pay-per-use model in which

guarantees are offered by the Infrastructure Provider by means of customized

Service Level Agreements.”

– McKinsey and Co. report

““Clouds are hardware based

services offering compute, network, and storage capacity where:

Hardware management is highly abstracted from the buyer, buyers

incur

infrastructure costs as variable OPEX, and infrastructure capacity is

highly

elastic.”

–University of California Berkeley

““(1) the illusion of infinite computing

resources; (2) the elimination of an up-front commitment by cloud

users; and

(3) the ability to pay for use ... as needed ...”

总结⼀下

按需付费

可伸缩

⽆限的资源

自助服务

资源是抽象的或虚拟化的

虚拟化

SOA，Web2.0，web服务

运维自动化

分布式系统

API可编程

轻松访问的⽹络

用户视野 内部视野

简短的历史阐述

–Thought of Cloud

A Brief History of Cloud

第⼀次出现

1996年末，⽹景浏览器如日中天

在Compaq的⼀间小办公室里，⼀个技术小组首先提到了⼀个名词：

Cloud Computing

–Eric Schmidt 2006

“We call it cloud computing – they should be in a "cloud" somewhere.”

–aws on wikipedia

“Amazon EC2 was built by a team in Cape Town, South Africa, under

Pinkham and lead developer Chris Brown.”

–“cloud computing” on wikipedia

“In July 2010, Rackspace Hosting and NASA jointly launched an open-

source cloud-software initiative known as OpenStack. ”

对于未来的两个观点

过去差不多每家⼯厂都会自个发电，现在都使用国家电⽹了。

之所以租房⼦住，是因为没有⾜够的经济能⼒，⼀旦有了这个，谁不愿意拥有自⼰的房产？

-–业界顶级云计算产品的认识

AWS Demo

图片来源：Gartner

关键组件、概念

冯诺伊曼架构

图灵

香农

Hypervisor

Xen and the Art of Virtualization

KVM

VMwareESXi

Hyper-V

VirtualBox

容器及集群管理

Docker、LXC、rkt

Mesos、Kubernetes、Swarm

SDN／NFV／SR－IOV

OpenFlow，控制与数据分离

Network-as-a-Service

如何提⾼性能

编程接⼝和数据交换格式

RESTFUL API

JSON/YAML data format

Object Storage

以对象来管理数据，就像是⽂件系统中的⽂件、块存储中的扇区。

数据本身、元数据、全局唯⼀标识

Block volume

分布式系统设计

自动化／DevOps

虚拟化、虚拟化管理⼯具、IaaS平台之间的区别

服务模式与负载

statefull VMs:SLA = SLA

SLAscale up: add

vCPU,vRAM

Stateless VMs:SLA VM

scale out: VMs

/cloud

服务模式与负载

能⼲什么？有何好处？

What can IaaS cloud computing do

回到⽔、电的比喻

⼀种资源

⼏乎所有的事情

适用场景

启用了数字业务

敏捷IT项目

传统的IT数据中⼼替代

批处理计算

好处

好处案例1创业公司

好处案例2经典的华盛顿邮报图片处理

好处案例3小米的海外扩张

内容提供、App Store

好处案例4⼤型电商双11之后的资源去

向

开源的IaaS平台有哪些？

,K CloudStack0�&6:���PLWebService(AWS)<�!:IaaS#��

�� CloudStack09�4:cloud.com�1�03�:VMOps�)�%�Cloud.com0� ������2011$B'5.I��2012$42�'5"�+J?Apache�M��

@> cloudstack.apache.org

�NH7 Citrix,Clogeny,Cloudera,McAfee(Intel),Schuberg Philis,ShapeBlue,Solidfire

��-* '5

O;E�F Apache2.0

C&�GD Java(75%)

=A/ 1,577,071

�N�C8( AlcatelLucent,BritishTelecommunications, CenturyLink,Datapipe,Edmunds.com,Fujitsu, IBM(Softlayer), Nokia,NTT,Orange,TATACommunications,TomTom, Verizon,WebMD,Zynga

4X Eucalyptus�8��"AWSD�*B/?&GS7�=�B- �

�! Eucalyptus:�8�,')$MM2�>B��FIZC�%2009.1;/(H��W��%2014.09+K�[������<�B<�O��

LJ www.eucalyptus.com�YV@ HP#�53 HPZCR�T GPLv3P/�UQ Java(54%) EN6 1,542,831�Y�PA1 AppDynamics,MemSQL,Mosaik Solutions, NASA,Nokia

,N OpenNebula0��O"+Q 7��12�9'5 =H/�2�%��

�� OpenNebula02005&8�Cgnacio M.Llorente� RubénS.Montero�L9<?R:�2008&�'�$�!9'�4(#AM��'5�

B@ www.opennebula.org

�PK6 OpenNebula Systems(�3�� C12GLabs)

��-* ClassCat,Inovex,Netways,OpenNebula Systems,Terradue

R:G�I Apache2.0

�E'�JF C++(32%),Ruby(26%),Javascript (20%)

�;D. 268,262

�P��E7) Akamai,BBC,Blackberry,CentOS,��>�,DeutschePostESA,Produban - SantanderBank

)K OpenStack.��&69 <G-�1�9#��

�� �2010$5/�NASA�RackSpaceA��%�OpenStackN:�:9."2 �>?LB!��5��89�0*���43*�1��

@= www.openstack.org

�MJ7 Cisco,HP,IBM,Mirantis,NEC,Rackspace,RedHat,SUSE

��+( Aptira,Canonical,Cisco,CloudScaling, EasyStack,eNovance,HP,IBM,Metacloud,Mirantis,Oracle,Piston,Rackspace,RedHat,SUSE,SwiftStack

N:F�H Apache2.0

�D&�IE Python(71%)

�;C, 2,334,355

�M��D8' Bluehost,Canonical,CERN,Cisco,GoDaddy,HP,HubSpot, IBM,Intel,PayPal,SUSE,WellsFargo

图书推荐⼀

图书推荐⼆

图书推荐三

图书推荐四

–-开放云精选

“Thanks for your Listening!”

如何联系我们？

新浪微博：@开放云精选

社区：http://www.ocselected.org

邮件：lijiansheng@ocselected.org

更多：http://www.ocselected.org/wiki/如何参与

参考资料

cloud computing on wikipedia

Evolution of as-a-Service Era in Cloud(PDF)

Above the Clouds: A Berkeley View of Cloud Computing (PDF)

云计算介绍(pdf)