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Human Rights Monitor

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National Human Rights Foundation (HURFON) is a non- political, non- profi t making, independent and Human Rights Organization of Nepal. It has been working for protection and promotion of the universal ideals and values of HR, democracy, peace, good governance and for right to education since 1997.

An Overview National Human Rights Foundation (HURFON), a non-political, non-profi t making, independent and democratic social human rights organization, was initiated and established in 1997 by senior human rights defenders, lawyers, educationists, peace educators, sociologists and researchers. It has been giving its full efforts in protecting and promoting the global ideals and values of human rights, democracy, peace and education in Nepal. It has been publishing Human Rights Monitor on regular basis. It keeps its working relationship with national and international human rights organizations and human rights bodies of The United Nations. HURFON is one of the founding members of Human Rights Home (HRH) Nepal, member organization of Human Rights Treaty Monitoring Coordination Committee (HRTMCC) and is offi cially associated with the National Election Observation Committee (NEOC). On behalf of NEOC, Human Rights Magnament Nepal, HURFON has actively participated the monitoring of the entire process of the Constitutient Assembly Election held on 10 April, 2008. Considering education as the fundamental rights of every citizen irrespective of caste, class, sex, ethnicity, gender, religion and social origin, HURFON has led the National Campaign for Right to Education (NCRE) in Nepal which includes the coalition of educational organizations, human rights communities, civil society, trade unions, educationists, youths, education rights practitioners and activists. It aims at promoting scientifi c, practical, and rights based education system in Nepal through advocacy, publication, research, trainings, lobby, monitoring, networking and exchange programs. HURFON has also led The Task Force for the Control Arms Campaign in Nepal comprising senior most human rights defenders and organizations with the aims and objectives of generating solidarity and mass consensus to build a tough Arms Trade Treaty (ATT) which would create a legally binding resolution to regulate arms trade and all types of weaponry transactions including sales, import and exports. The Task Force has undertaken consultation with the leaders of different political parties, speakers and the parliamentarians, held a round table interaction and a signature campaign, collected signatures of parliamentarians on “Parliamentarians' Declaration" and submitted to the Secretary General of The United Nations. The Task Force has its formal working relation with the international organizations such as Amnesty International, OXFAM and IANSA. In addition, HURFON has also been involved in post confl ict peace building and social healing services, human rights observation, life-line, legal support, humanitarian activity and campaign against impunity in Nepal.

National Human Rights Foundation (HURFON)

National Election Observation Committee (NEOC)National Secretariat

Satoaki Memorial Building, Kupondole, Lalitpur, NepalGPO Box No: 26550, Tel: 01–5541502, Fax: 977-1-5541503

Email: [email protected], neocnepal.org, Web: www.neocnepal.org

Surya Prasad ShresthaChairperson

/fli6«o lgjf{rg ko{j]If0f ;ldlt -lgof]s_

BEST WISHESOn the auspicious occasion of New Year 2068 B.S. We extend our best wishes to all Nepalese people for

their life long happiness, peace and prosperity

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–sfzL/fh bfxfnhgtf ;+j}wflgs nf]stflGqs ƒfHo Joj‚yfsf] ;jf]{Rr zlQm xf] . hgtfn] ;+ljwfgdfkm{t† k|Tofof]lht uƒ]sf] ;+j}wflgs ;Ldfleq ƒxL ;+ljwfg l;lh{t lgsfox¿n] cf–cfˆgf] sfo{ ;Dkfbg ug'{k5{ . ;+j}wflgs d"No, dfGotf, ;+j}wflgs ;+‚s[lt, nf]stflGqs ;+‚sfƒ cg'¿k ƒfHo ;~rfng ePdf g} hgtfsf] hLjg ‚jtGqtf Pjd† ;'vsf] ;'lglZrttf eO{ ;dfhsf] pGglt ƒ k|ult x'G5 . ljlwsf] zf;g l;4fGtsf] ljsf; klg dfgj clwsfƒsf] ;+ƒIf0f, hgtfsf] ;'v ƒ ‚jtGqtfsf lglDt g} ePsf] xf] . ‚j]R5frfƒL ƒ lgƒª†s'z zf;g Joj‚yfdf zf;ssf] ;gs ƒ nx8df zf;g ;~rfng x'G5 . To‚tf] zf;g Joj‚yfdf gfulƒssf clwsfƒ ƒ ‚jtGqtfsf] ;'lglZrttf x'Fb}g . o;}sfƒ0fn] ;+j}wflgs nf]stGqsf] dfGotfnfO{ cfTd;ft† uƒ]sf] ;+ljwfg aGg' k5{ eGg] cfw'lgs dfgj clwsfƒsf] cfwfƒe"t l;4fGt ƒx]sf] b]lvG5 . nf]stGqdf lgƒª†s'ztfsf] cGTo x'G5 . gfulƒssf] ;dfg clwsfƒ ƒ cj;ƒsf] ;'lglZrttf x'G5 . ƒfi6«sf dxìjk"0f{ ljifodf clGtd lg0f{o ug]{ clwsfƒ hgtfdf x'G5 .

cfh ljZjsf w]ƒ} d'n'sx¿ zflGt ƒ k|ultsf lglDt Pskl5 csf]{ klƒjt{gsf nflu eGb} ;+ljwfg km]ƒjbn ulƒƒx]sf 5g† . o; qmddf sltko d'n'sx¿ ;+ljwfg lgdf{0fsf k|of]uzfnf algƒx]sf 5g† . d'n'sdf zflGt, ljsf; ƒ ;d[l4sf rfxgfn] b|"t lsl;dn] ƒfhgLlts k|0ffnLdf klƒjt{g e}ƒx]sf] 5 . To;}uƒL ƒfhgLlts, cfly{s, ;fdflhsnufot cGo kIfx¿df klg ;'wfƒ ƒ klƒjt{gsf lgƒGtƒ k|lqmofx¿ rlnƒx]sf 5g† . tƒ klg g t ljZjsf ;a} d'n'sdf zflGt g} sfod x'g ;s]sf] 5, g t ;a} dflg;sf d'xfƒdf v'zLsf] cg'e"lt g} 5 . ulƒaL, ef]sdƒL, s'kf]if0f ƒ åGåsf kL8faf6 dfgj hLjg si6k|b algƒx]s} 5 .

cfh ljZjdf ƒfhg}lts ljrfƒwfƒfx¿df æˆo"hgÆ 5, g t pbfƒjfb, g t ;fDojfb, g t cGo s'g} csf]{ jfb cfˆgf] df}lnskgdf hLjGt x'g ;s]sf] 5 . ƒfhg}lts ljrfƒwfƒf ƒ ljleGg jfbx¿sf aLr ;ld>0fsf] cj‚yf 5 . lj1fg ƒ k|ljlwsf] ljsf;n]

zflGt / ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f

ljZjnfO{ ;fF3'¥ofPsf] 5 . dfgj clwsfƒ ƒ dfgjLo sfg'gn] ;dfgtf, ‚jtGqtf ƒ e | ft [ Tjsf ] l;4fGtnfO { ‚j Ls f ƒ u ƒ ]s f ] ePk l g Jojxfƒdf dfgjflwsfƒsf] Jofks pNnª†3g, ‚jtGqtfdf cltqmd0f ƒ dfgjLo Jojxfƒaf6 ;DaGw ƒfVg] eGbf k|ltzf]wsf] efjgfn] sfo{ ug]{ ;+‚sfƒsf] ljsf; ePsf] 5 . s'ƒf zflGt ƒ ;xdltsf] uƒ] klg tofƒL o'4 ƒ lx+;fsf] ug]{ sfƒ0f dfgj clwsfƒ ƒ dfgjtf dfly s7f]ƒ k|xfƒ e}ƒx]sf] 5 .

;+ljwfgjfb, ljlwsf] zf;g, nf]stGq, ;'zf;g h‚tf ljifox¿ zAbhfn h‚tf ePsf 5g† . w]ƒ} d'n['sx¿ e|i6frfƒaf6 cfqmfGt 5g† . ljlwsf] zf;g dfGg] ;EotfeGbf ;gsdf zf;g ug]{ zf;ssf] cfbt ag]sf] 5 . ƒfhgLltnfO{ ckƒfwLsƒ0fn] ufFh]sf] 5 . clxn] hf];Fu ;DklQ 5, ToxL;Fu kb ƒ zlQm hf]l8Psf] 5 . clwsfƒ ƒ zlQm hgtfdf eg] klg lgjf{rgsf] Pslbg afx]s cGo ;a} lbg cfdhgtf lgƒLx h‚tf] aGb}5 . ljlw gdfGg] k|j[lQn] xTof ƒ lx+;fsf] z[ª†vnf a9†bf] 5 . ƒfHoaf6 ;'ƒIff ƒ ;]jf k|fKt x'g] ljZjfl;nf cfwfƒx¿ elTsPsf 5g† . ƒfHosf] j}wflgs Psflwsfƒdf IfoLsƒ0f ePsf] 5 . sltko d'n'sx¿ c;kmn ePsf 5g† . c;kmn ƒfi6«x¿df cGtƒf{li6«o ;d'bfosf] k|j]zn] Tof] d'n'ssf gfulƒsx¿ lgƒLx ag]sf 5g† . ƒfHo Joj‚yfk|ltsf] ljZjf; 6'6†b} uPsf] 5 . b08xLgtfsf] a9†bf] l‚yltn] ƒfHosf lgsfox¿ lgik|efjL l;4 x'Fb}5g† . PSsfO;f}+ ztfAbLdf ljZjsf w]ƒ} d'n'sx¿ o‚t} ;d‚ofaf6 u'lh|ƒx]sf 5g† . Toltdfq x}g, hnjfo' klƒjt{gsf] k|efjn] k|s[ltdf kfƒ]sf] k|efjsf sfƒ0f dfgj hLjg ;ª†s6sf] cj‚yfaf6 u'lh|ƒx]sf] 5 . jftfjƒ0fLo ljgfz ƒ phf{ ;ª†s6n] dfgj ;EotfnfO{ 7"nf] wSsf k'¥ofPsf] 5 .

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ljZjsf s]xL alnof ƒfHox¿ hf];Fu cy{ ƒ z‚q 5 ltg} zlQmzfnL 5g† . cGtƒf{li6«o sfg'gdf ;a} ƒfi6«x¿ ‚jtGq 5g†, clwsfƒsf] k|of]udf ;dfg 5g†, cfGtlƒs dfldnfdf cfTdlg0f{osf] clwsfƒ 5 eg] klg Jojxfƒdf ltg} zlQmzfnL ƒfHosf] k|efj ƒ k|e'Tjaf6 ljZjsf w]ƒ}h;f] d'n'sn] cem klg d'lQm kfpg ;s]sf 5}gg† . cGtƒf{li6«o sfg'g sdhf]ƒ sfg'gsf] ¿kdf ljsl;t x'Fb}5 . ljZj a}ª†snufot dxìjk"0f{ cGtƒf{li6«o ;+3 ;+‚yf ltgs} ks8df 5g† . pklgj]z, gjpklgj]z ƒ ;fd|fHojfbsf] cGTo eof] eg] klg ;~rfƒsf] ;fd|fHojfb ƒ cfly{s ;fd|fHojfbsf] rk]6faf6 w]ƒ} d'n'sx¿ ‚jtGq x'g ;s]sf 5}gg† . s'g} klg d'n'ssf] ƒfhgLlts, cfly{s ƒ sfg'gL k4ltdf;d]t ltg} ƒfHox¿sf] jr{‚j sfod} ePsf] cg'e"lt ulƒG5 . dfgjflwsfƒsf] ;+ƒIf0f ƒ ;Da4{gsf lglDt cGtƒf{li6«o ;d'bfon] kof{Kt k|lta4tf;lxt tT;DaGwL ljleGg 3f]if0ff, dxf;lGw, cg'aGw, k|n]v ƒ k|‚tfjx¿ hfƒL uƒ]sf eP klg To;sf] sfof{Gjogsf] l‚ylt sdhf]ƒ b]lvG5 . cfhsf] ljZj Psftkm{ b}ljs ƒ k|fs[lts ljklQsf] kL8fn] 56k6fO{ƒx]sf] 5 eg] csf] {tkm{ cdfgjLo lqmof ƒ Jojxfƒsf] kL8fn] lklN;ƒx]sf] 5 . PSsfO;f}+ ztfAbLsf] o; o'udf klg ;+ljwfgjfb, ljlwsf] zf;g, dfgjflwsfƒ, dfgjtfjfb, dfgjLo Jojxfƒsf] cg'e"lt ug{ g;lsƒx]sf] cj‚yf 5 . o‚tf] cj‚yf ƒ klƒl‚yltdf ƒfHok|lt hgtfsf] ljZjf; hufpg g;Sg] xf] eg] d'n'sx¿n] cem csNkgLo kL8f ef]Ug' kg]{ ;ª†s]tx¿ b]vf kb}{5g† .

ljZjsf] o‚tf] ljifd† klƒl‚yltdf g]kfn Pp6f ;d'Ggt ƒ ;d[4 eljiosf] lglDt ;+ljwfg lgdf{0fsf] k|lqmofdf h'6]sf] 5 . g]kfnn] lgƒª†s'ztfsf]lj¿4 ljutdf k6s k6s qmflGt ƒ hgcfGbf]ng u¥of], tƒ To;sf pknAwLx¿nfO{ ;ª†u|lxt ƒ ;+‚yfut ug{ g;Sbf k'gM lgƒª†s'ztfsf] hfnf]df klƒƒx†of] . ca klg efjL kLl9sf] lglDt ;'lglZrt eljio x‚tfGtƒ0f ug]{ alnof cfwfƒx¿ lgdf{0f ug{ ;s]sf] cj‚yf b]lvGg . ƒfhg}lts zlQmx¿ bL3{sfnLg lxtdf eGbf cNksfnLg ;Qf ƒ ‚jfy{ k|flKts} lglDt slrª†un ulƒƒx]sf] cj‚yf 5 . g]kfnsf] clxn]sf] ;Gbe{ eg]sf] zflGt k|lqmofnfO{ ;fy{s lgisif{df 6'ª†Uofpg] ƒ hgtfsf] cfsfª†Iff ƒ cfjZostfnfO{ ;Daf]wg ug]{ nf]stflGqs ;+ljwfg agfpg]df g} ;a}sf] Wofg

s]lGb|t x'g'kg]{df To;f] x'g g;lsƒx]sf] l‚ylt 5 . nf]stGqdf ƒfHosf] lg0ff{os zlQm hgtf x'G5g† . hgtfn] k|Tofof]hg uƒ]sf] clwsfƒsf] ;Ldfleq ƒxL pgsf k|ltlglwn] sfd ug'{kg]{ ;+j}wflgs nf]stGq, ;+ljwfgjfb ƒ ljlwsf] zf;gsf] cfwfƒe"t dfGotf xf] . hgtfn] ut @)^@÷)^# sf] hgcfGbf]ngdfkm{t ;d'Ggt eljiosf] lglDt ;+ljwfg;efaf6 ;+ljwfg agfpg ƒ lbuf] zflGt d'n'sdf sfod ug{ ƒfhg}lts zlQmx¿nfO{ lgb]{z uƒ]sf] ePklg hgdtnfO{ ;Ddfg ug]{ ;F‚s[ltsf] ljsf; ug{ g;Sbf d'n's cfh cGof}ntfaf6 u'lh|ƒx]sf] cj‚yf 5 . hgtfn] ;+ljwfg;efnfO{ ;+ljwfg agfpg cGtlƒd ;+ljwfgdfkm{t lbO{Psf] hgfb]zsf] ;dofjlw eg]sf] b'O{ jif{dfq} g} xf] . yk ulƒPsf] Dofb d'n'sdf ;+j}wflgs z"Gotf x'g glbg hgtfn] ljƒf]w guƒ]sf] dfq xf] . o;sf] cy{ cgGtsfn;Dd ;+ljwfgsf] ;+zf]wg ub}{ ;+ljwfg;efsf] Dofb yKg ;lsƒlxG5 eGg] cy{ ug{' cfkm}Fdf klg nf]stflGqs ‚j‚ysƒ cEof; x'g ;Sb}g .

nf]stGqdf hgtf lg0ff{os zlQm x'g] x'Fbf hgfb]z k|fKt JolQmx¿sf] ;ƒsfƒ aGg' ƒ To‚tf] ;ƒsfƒ hgtfk|lt lhDd]jfƒ ƒ pQƒbfoL x'g' nf]stGqsf] zfZjt dfGotf xf] . o; dfGotfsf] alv{nfk x'g] uƒL zf;g ;+rfng ug{ vf]lhof] eg] Tof] nf]stflGqs ;+‚sfƒ ƒ ƒfhg}lts ;F‚s[lt cg'¿k dfGg ;lsGg . klƒjt{g kl5sf] ;ª†qmd0fsfndf h] h‚tf cEof;x¿af6 glhƒ a;fO{G5 To;}n] eljio lgwf{ƒ0f ug]{ x'Fbf unt glhƒ ƒ kƒDkƒfsf] ljsf; ug]{ ƒfhg}lts zlQm nf]tflGqs x'g ;Sb}g . ƒfhgLltnfO{ klƒrfng ug]{ g]t[Tjdf b"ƒblz{tf ƒ ƒfhg}lts Joj‚yfkg ug]{ Ifdtf klg Tolts} k|vƒ ¿kdf ePdf g} To;n] d'n'snfO{ lgsf; lbg ;S5 . cfkm†gf] ƒ cfˆgf] u"6sf] ;Lldt ‚jfy{df dfq cNdlng] JolQmn] cem ;ª†s6 lgDTofpF5 . ƒfhg}lts g]t[Tjsf] klxrfg ;ª†s6sf] a]nfdf p;n] lbg] ljj]sk"0f{ lg0f{o g} Oltxf;sf] ;kmntfsf] klxrfg x'G5 . g]kfnL ƒfhgLltdf eljiosf nflu Oltxf; agfpg] eGbf jt{dfgsf] ;'v ;d[l4df ƒdfpg] k|j[lQsf] sfƒ0f d'n'sn] lgsf; kfpg ;lsƒx]sf] 5}g . s'g} klg d'n'ssf nflu cfGbf]ng jf qmflGt kl5sf] ;ª†qmd0fsfn cJojl‚yt x'g] x'Fbf kL8fbfoL g} x'G5 . ;ª†qmd0fsfnnfO{ 5f]6†ofpg ;lsPg eg] cfGbf]ng jf qmflGtaf6 k|fKt ePsf pknlAwx¿ u'Dg ;Sg] vtƒf ƒxG5 . ;ª†qmd0fsfn hlt nlDaof] Tolt g} ljlwsf] zf;g vNalnƒxg],

3

b08xLgtf a9†g], ƒfhgLltsƒ0fsf] k|efjn] xƒ]s If]q cfqmfGt x'g] ƒ ƒfHosf lgsfox¿ lgik|efjL aGg] sfƒ0f ;ª†qmd0fsfnsf] kL8fnfO{ cGTo ug{ ƒfhg}lts zlQmx¿sf] aLr ;xdlt, ;xsfo{ ƒ ;dembfƒLsf] ;F‚s[ltaf6 sfo{ ug'{ g} ;ª†qmd0fsfnLg ƒfhgLltzf‚qsf] cfwfƒe"t kIf xf] . g]kfnn] klg cGtlƒd ;+ljwfg, @)^# df ;xdlts} ;xofqfaf6 ;ª†qmd0fsfn 6'ª†Uofpg] ;+j}wflgs k|lta4tf JoQm uƒ]sf] eP klg ƒ6fgdf ;xdlt Jojxfƒdf ljdltsf] ofqfn] ƒfhg}lts bnx¿sf aLr lsrnf] pTkGg ePsf] 5 . bnx¿sf] Psf csf]{ k|ltsf] b"ƒLx¿ a9†bf] 5g† . ;d‚of ;dfwfgsf] lglDt cQf] yfKg] k|j[lQx¿ b]vfkg{ yfn]sf] 5 . bnx¿leq klg u'6 ƒ km'6sf] l‚ylt l;h{gf ePsf] 5 . of] ‚jod†df d'n'ssf] lglDt lxtsƒ x'g] b]lvGg .

cfh ljZjdf lbuf] zflGtsf lglDt gofF gofF dfGotfx¿sf] ljsf; x'Fb} uPsf] 5 . lgot ƒ k|j[lQdf ;'wfƒ geP;Dd ljsl;t ePsf gofF dfGotfx¿sf] s'g} cy{ ƒxGg . ljj]sn] ƒfhgLltnfO{ lgb]{lzt ug'{kg]{df ‚jfy{n] ufFHg k'Uof] eg] To;sf] s]xL cy{ ƒxGg . cd]lƒsfn] cfk;L 5nkmn ;Djfbaf6 zlQm ;Gt'ngsf] ¿kdf d'n'snfO{ ;~rfng ug]{ ;ª†lIfKt ;+ljwfg hfƒL uƒL To;}sf cfwfƒdf cfh b'O{;o jif{ eGbf a9L ToxL ;+ljwfgaf6 ƒfHo ;~rfng uƒL zlQmzfnL ƒfi6«sf] ¿kdf plePsf] 5 . p;n] b'O{;o jif{ cufl8sf] ;+ljwfgnfO{ ˆofFsL gofF agfpg] ;kgf klg b]v]sf] 5}g . To;}nfO{ hLjGt¿kdf ¿kfGtlƒt ub}{ cufl8 a9]sf] 5 . j]nfotn] cfˆg} ;+j}wflgs d"No, dfGotf ƒ kƒDkƒf adf]lhd zf;g rnfpFb} cfPsf] 5 . sltko d'n'sx¿n] cd]lƒsf ƒ a]nfots} cg'ejn] cfkm†g} d'n'ssf] klƒj]znfO{ ;Daf]wg ug]{ uƒL ;+ljwfg hfƒL uƒL To;sf cfwfƒdf zf;g ;~rfng ub}{ cfPsf 5g† . cs}{n] agfO{lbPsf] ;+ljwfgsf] hudf 6]s]ƒ hfkfg ;d[4 aGb} 5 . rLg aGb ƒfhg}lts k4ltaf6 v'nf Joj‚yfdf k|j]z ug]{ hdsf]{ ub}{5 . n]lggsf] ljrfƒn] hf]8]sf] zf]leot ;ª†3 ljleGg sfƒ0fn] km'6]sf] 5 . k'FhLjfb ƒ ;fDojfbnfO{ gofF l;ƒfaf6 klƒeflift ug]{ qmd rn]sf] 5 . sltko d'n'sx¿n] ;fdflhs nf]stGqnfO{ PSsfO;f}+ ztfAbLsf] ƒfhgLltsf] lj1fgsf] ¿kdf cjnDag ub}{ ;f]xL cg'¿k ƒfHox¿sf] k'glg{df{0f ub}{5g† . oL ƒ o‚tf ljZjsf 36gf, ;Gbe{ ƒ l‚yltsf] aLrdf g]kfnn] cfkm"nfO{ ‚jtGq, ;fj{ef}d;Qf ;DkGg d'n'ssf] ¿kdf hLjGt

agfO{ ƒfVg ;f]xLcg'¿k ;+ljwfgsf cGtƒljifoj‚t' lgwf{ƒ0f ug'{kg]{ s'ƒfnfO{ e'Ng' x'Fb}g . l5d]sL ljzfn rLg ƒ efƒt ljkƒLt ƒfhg}lts k[i7e"ld ePsf d'n'ssf] aLrdf ƒx]sf] ;fgf] d'n's g]kfnn] ;Gt'lnt l5d]sL;Fusf] gLlt ƒ ldqtfsf] xft a9fpFb} ƒfli6«o ‚jfy{sf] ;+ƒIf0f, ;Da4{g ƒ k|a4{g ug{ r'Sg' x'Fb}g . o;sf lglDt h] s'ƒfklg ;fj{hlgs ¿kdf 5tf5'Nn ug]{ eGbf s'6g}lts dof{bf ƒ ;Ldfleq cGtƒf{li6«o ;DaGw b]vfpg] rft'o{sf] cfjZostf 5 .

;‚tf] ƒ dxìjfsfª†IfL ljifox¿nfO{ ;+ljwfgdf ;dflxt ub}{df Tof] nfu" x'g ;Sb}g . Tof] s]jn hgtfdf ;kgf afF8†g] cfwfƒ dfq x'G5 . ;+ljwfgnfO{ hLjGt agfpg hgtfsf Go"gtd clwsfƒx¿sf] k|Tofe"lt uƒL To;nfO{ nfu" uƒfpg ;Sg] alnof] ƒfHo lgdf{0fsf cfwfƒx¿ ;+ljwfgdf vf]lhg' k5{ . cGoyf ;+ljwfg 3f]if0ffkq h‚tf] agL hgtfsf] cf‚yf ƒ ljZjf; k|fKt ug}{ g;Sg] lnvtsf] ¿kdf ƒxg k'U5 . g]kfnsf] ;Gbe{df clxn] ƒfhg}lts nf]stGq ;Fu;Fu} cfly{s ƒ ;fdflhs nf]stGqnfO{ ;fd~h‚otf ug{ ;Sg'kb{5 . cfly{s ;d[l4 ljgfsf] ƒfhg}lts nf]stGq vf]qmf] x'G5 . ;fdflhs ;b†efj ƒ ƒfli6«o Pstfljgfsf] ;+ljwfg ƒfi6«sf] ƒIff sjh aGg ;Sb}g . To;}n] clxn]sf] cj‚Yffdf g]kfnsf ƒfhg}lts zlQmx¿n] ;fd"lxs ljj]ssf] k|of]u uƒL ;d'Ggt eljio lgdf{0fsf nflu zflGt k|lqmof ƒ ;+ljwfg lgdf{0fsf] ljifonfO{ k|fyldstf lbO{ d'n'snfO{ lgsf; lbgdf g} s]lGb|t ƒxg' a'l4dtf x'g]5 .

;+ljwfg ag]ƒ dfq klg x'Fb}g To;nfO{ nfu" ug]{ OR5fzlQm klg Tolts} cfjZos k5{ . cfh t];|f] ljZjsf d'n'sx¿n] Jofks ulƒaL, ljZj cfly{s dGbLsf] k|efj, a]ƒf]hufƒL, ƒfhgLlts cl‚yƒtf, cfGtlƒs åGå, slrª†n ƒ czflGt, gfulƒs clwsfƒsf] pNnª†3g, ljlwsf] zf;gdf IfoLsƒ0f, b08xLgtf, e|i6frfƒ ƒ ƒfhgLltdf ckƒfwLsƒ0f h‚tf ljleGg ;d‚of ƒ r'gf}tLx¿ em]Ng' klƒƒx]s} 5 . d'n'sdf ;+j}wflgs ;+‚s[ltsf] ljsf;af6dfq gfulƒs clwsfƒ ƒ ‚jtGqtfsf] k|Tofe"lt x'G5 . ;+ljwfg aGg' dfq}n] nf]stGqsf] ;+‚yfut ;'b[9Lsƒ0f ƒ gfulƒs clwsfƒsf] ;+ƒIf0f eO{ xfNb}g . o;sf lglDt ;+j}wflgs ;F‚s[lt, nf]stflGqs ;+‚sfƒsf] ljsf; ƒ alnof] ƒfHo lgdf{0f TolQs} cfjZos x'G5 .

-bfxfn jl/i7 ;+ljwfg ljZn]ifs x'g\_

4

Iflt ef]Ug' k¥of] ƒ cfufdL krf; jif{;Dd g]kfn cfly{s ƒ ƒfhgLlts ?kn] p7†g} g;Sg] uƒL 3fOt] x'g k'Uof] . olt eP kl5 aNn ;xdltsf] o'u )^@ ;fn dª†l;ƒ & ut] hfƒL afx| a'Fb] ;xdltaf6 ;'? eof] ƒ cGttM @)^# j}zfvdf dfcf]jfbL ƒ ;ft ƒfhgLlts bnn] klƒjt{gsf] g]t[Tj ub}{ lgƒª†s'z ƒfhtGq dfq} xf]Og xhfƒf}+ jif{b]lv ƒfhf kƒDkƒfsf] zf;gsf] cjz]if ƒx]sf] clGtd cjz]if zfxL ƒfh;+‚yfnfO{ ;d]t ;dfKt kflƒlbP . w]ƒ}n] eGg] ub{5g† b'O{ ;o rfnL; jif{sf] ƒfh;Qf ;dfKt eof] eg]ƒ . of] ck"ƒf] JofVof xf] . Oltxf;df klxnf] uf]kfn j+zL ƒfhf x'Fb} lsƒft ƒfhf onDaƒ b]lvsf] Oltxf; x]g]{ ƒ u0fgf ug]{ xf] eg] xhfƒf}+ jif{sf] ƒfhzf;gsf] cGTo ePsf] dfGg' kg]{ x'G5 . g]kfndf zfx dfq} xf]Og w]ƒ} hftsf zf;sx¿n] ƒfhkƒDkƒf a;fPsf lyP . g]kfnsf] b'O{ tLg xhfƒ jif{sf] Oltxf; x]bf{{ duƒ, ƒfO{, lnDa", u'?ª, tfdfª, yf?, ofbj, d}lyn, g]jfƒ, v;, 7s'ƒL, zfSo cflb ;a}n] ƒfHo uƒ]sf] b]lvG5 . 7"nf] ;ª†Vofdf ƒx]sf] afx'g, blnt d';ndfg ƒ yf]ƒ} eP klg ;]kf{ ;d'bfon] ƒfHo ug{ gkfPsf] ‚ki6 x'G5 . o;ƒL nfdf] ;ª†3if{ ƒ alnbfgkl5 nf]stGqsf] ‚yfkgfaf6 ;a}nfO{ nflu ƒx]sf] lyof] ls ca slxNo} klg g]kfnLn] nf]stGqsf nflu ljutsf] h‚tf] cfzª†sf ulƒƒxg' kg]{ 5}g . nf]stGqsf] ljsNk vf]lhg] 5}g ƒ ;fdflhs Gofo;lxtsf], kª†lQme]bƒlxt, hflte]b ƒ 5'jf5"tƒlxt ;fj{ef}d;Qf ;DkGg k4ltsf] ‚yfloTj x'g]5 . g]kfnL gfulƒsx¿ pGgltsf] ƒfhdfu{df bf}8g kfpg] 5g† . b]z cfTdlge{ƒ x'Fb} ‚jflwgtf ƒ ‚jtGqtfsf] k"0f{ o'udf k|j]z ug]{ 5 . ƒfhgLltdf kmf]xf]ƒL v]nsf] cGTo x'g] 5 . ‚jR5 ƒ kfƒbzL{ k|zf;g, l56f] ƒ e|i6frfƒƒlxt Gofo, gfulƒssf] ;fdflhs ;'ƒIff, ulƒaL, zf]if0f ƒ hflte]baf6 d'lQm x'g] 5 . tƒ hgtfsf] of] cfzfdf kfgL km]lƒPsf] 5 .

g]kfnsf] ƒfhgLlt nf]stGq lj?4 lgƒª†s'ztfjfbsf] ;lGwlaGb'df 6Ss ƒf]lsPsf] 5 . yf]ƒ} klg ljrngn] of] s'g}klg ;dodf nf]stGq ljƒf]wL 3f]ƒ blIf0fkGyL ;}Gojfb jf pu|jfbL ;fDojfbL hgPsflwsfƒjfbsf] xftsf] v]nf}gf aGg ;Sg] kof{Kt cfwfƒ sfƒ0fx¿ b]lvb}5g† . g]kfndf nf]stGqsf nflu tLgj6f 7"nf cfGbf]ngx¿ ePsf 5g† . tL ltgj6} cfGbf]ngx¿n] kfPsf] pknlAwnfO{ ;+;fƒsf] s'g} klg pknlAweGbf sd ƒx]sf] 5 eg]ƒ s;}n] klg eGg ;Sb}g . Oltxf; abNg] ;+;fƒsf s'g} klg 36gf;Fu tL klƒjt{gx¿ t'ngf ug{ of]Uo 5g† . tƒ l6sfp x'g ;s]gg† lsg < cfh of] k|ZgnfO{ k|To]s ;r]t g]kfnLn] a'‰g' cklƒxfo{ 5 . ))& ;fnsf] P]ltxfl;s qmflGtn] !)$ jif{cl3 ƒf0ff k|wfgdGqL h+uaxfb'ƒ ƒf0ffn] a;fPsf] kflƒjflƒs lgƒª†s'ztfsf] cGTo uƒ]sf] lyof] . hgtfnfO{ ;fj{ef}d ;jf]{Rrtf k|bfg ug]{ ;t{df zfx ƒfhfnfO{ zf;g k|d'v dfGg ƒ lhDd]jfƒL ;fem]bfƒL ug{ hgtfsf k|ltlglwx¿ ;xdt ePsf lyP . tƒ ƒf0ffx¿jf6 ;Qf xftdf kmsf{Pkl5 …u'gn] u'g vfof] tnfO{ d vfG5'Ú eGg]z}nLdf ƒfhf lqe'jg ƒ pgsf tTsfnsf pQƒflwsfƒL dx]Gb|n] hgtfsf xftdf ;+‚yfut ePƒ hfg nfu]sf] clwsfƒnfO{ aLrdf g} sAhf ug]{ sfd uƒ] . o;kl5 tL; jif{;Dd hgtfsf 5f]ƒfx¿ hgtfsf] clwsfƒ ƒ ‚jtGqtfsf nflu ;ª†3if{ ulƒƒx] pgLx¿sf] alnbfg ƒ ;ª†3if{k"0f{ k|of;af6 g]kfndf )$^ df lgb{nLo lgƒª†s'z zf;gsf] ktgkZrft† klƒjt{g eof] ƒ )$& ;fnsf] ;"of]{bo;Fu} g]kfnn] gofF o'udf kfOnf ƒfVg k'Uof] . tƒ of] o'usf] pGd]if klg w]ƒ} ;do l6Sg ;s]g . ;z‚q lx+;f Psfltƒ ƒ csf{ltƒ ƒfhf ƒ pgsf ;xof]uLx¿sf] ToxL tyfslyt hgtfsf gfpFdf cfƒDe lx+;fnfO{ cfwfƒ agfPƒ ;Qfdfly k'gM sAhf ug]{ of]hgf d'tfljs bz jif{;Dd b]z ƒ hgtfn] cgjƒt oftgf ;xg' k¥of] . o; oftgfsf qmddf !% xhfƒeGbf a9L g]kfnL hgtfsf ;Gtltx¿sf] ƒut aUg k'Uof] eg] krf; xhfƒeGbf a9L 3fOt] eP . b'O{ xhfƒeGbf a9L gfulƒssf] cj‚yf c1ft x'gk'Uof] ƒ slƒa bz xhfƒeGbf a9L 3ƒ klƒjfƒ lj‚yflkt x'g k'u] . vƒasf] xfƒfxfƒLdf b]zn] ljsf; lgdf{0fsf] ;+ƒrgf;lxt cfly{s

nf]stGq lj?4 lgƒª†s'ztfjfb– k'?iff]Qd bfxfn*

5

slƒa kfFr jif{sf] klƒjt{g ƒ o;sf pknlAwx¿nfO{ x]g]{ xf] eg] nf]stGq gePƒ 7f]stGq, u0ftGq gePƒ ugtGq x'g k'u]sf] 5 klƒjt{g . 5'jf5"t ƒ lje]bsf] cGTo gePƒ sfg'gdfg} lje]bsf] Joj‚yf ug]{ sfd yflnPsf] 5 . ;+o'Qm ƒfi6« ;ª†3n] hflte]blj?4 dxf;lGw kflƒt ulƒ;s] klg ƒ To; ;lGwnfO{ cg'df]bg uƒL g]kfn kIfƒfi6« alg;s]sf] eP klg clxn] cu|flwsfƒsf gfpFdf ƒ hftLo klxrfgsf gfpFFdf ;+ljwfg ƒ sfg'gdf g} kª†lQme]b ub}{ Ps ƒ b'O{ gDaƒ gfulƒs egL 5'6†ofpg yflnPsf] 5 . oyfy{df o‚tf] kª†lQme]b cfkm}Fdf dfgj clwsfƒsf cGtƒƒfli6«o l;4fGtsf lj?4 ƒx]sf] 5 . lxhf] cfˆgf k'vf{n] ƒfhf k[YjLgfƒfo0f ;fd" Joxf]g'{ kƒ]sf] kƒfhosf] abnf‚j?k cfh ltgsf pQƒflwsfƒL 5f]6] egf}+ gj ƒfhs'dfƒx¿ o‚tf] kª†lQme]bnfO{ sfg'gL cfjƒ0fdf ƒfv]ƒ cfˆgf] hftsf gfpFFdf k'ƒfg}z}nLsf] ƒfHosf] 9fFrfsf lglDt ;lqmo 5g† . clxn] hftLo bdg ƒ zf]if0fsf] gfpFFdf cfˆgf] hftsf] ƒfHo vf]lhƒx]sfx¿ g]kfnsf] ;fdGtL kƒDkƒfsf hgsx¿ x'g† . ;f+‚s[lts klxrfgsf gfpFdf ƒfHosf] s'ƒf ubf{ klg ;+;fƒsf] Oltxf;df cgflbsfnLg ;+‚s[ltsf] afxs ;gftgL wd{ ;d"xsf] a]jf‚tf ulƒg' dfq} xf]Og ltgnfO{ cGo egL lsQfsf6 ug]{ sfd x'g', zf]lift ƒ kLl8tsf nflu ƒfHo eGg] dfu ulƒƒxFbf rf}w k|ltzteGbf a9Lsf] ;ª†Vofdf ƒx]sf blntx¿sf] s'g} k[ys Joj‚yf gx'g', Ps k|ltzt ;ª†Vofdf ƒx]sf hftsf gfpFFdf ƒfHosf] s'ƒf ubf{ cNk;ª†Vos kfFr k|ltztdf ƒx]sf d';ndfg ;d'bfoafƒ] s'g} rrf{ gug'{n] cfhsf] g]kfnL ƒfhgLlt h;n] ;S5 To;n] sAhf u5{ eGg] wfƒdf jxg nfu]sf] 5 . hals blnt ;d'bfo, afx'g jf If]qLaf6 dfq kG5fOPsf] ;d'bfo gePƒ u'?ª, g]jfƒ, dw]zL, z]kf{, tfdfª, ƒfO{ lnDa" ;a} ;d'bfoaf6 ckx]lnt, ckdflgt ƒ 5'jf5"tdf klƒƒx]sf] 5 . tƒ 5'jf5"tsf nflu Pp6f hftnfO{ dfq} bf]if lbPƒ clxn] c? afFsL ;a} rf]lvg vf]Hb} 5g† . a|fDx0fjfbL 5'jf5"t eg]ƒ xNnf rnfpb} ubf{ o;nfO{ IfqLjfbL, g]jfƒjfbL, dw]zjfbL, hghfltjfbL 5'jf5"t lsg geGg] < 5ljnfn kf]v|]nh‚tf afx'g ƒ tf]ogfy clwsfƒLh‚tf afx'gx¿sf] Oltxf; k9†g]x¿ h;s;}n] klg yfxf kfpg] 5g† hftLo 5'jf5"tlj?4 ‚jo+ afx'gx¿ lgƒGtƒ ;lqmo 5g† . nf]stflGqs cfGbf]ngsf lzvƒ k'?if aLkL sf]Oƒfnf ƒ pxfFsf] klƒjfƒnfO{ x]bf{ klg ƒfhgLlts klƒjfƒdf 5'jf5"t d'lQm cleofg yfxf kfpg ;lsG5 . dgdf]xg clwsfƒLb]lv, emngfy vgfn,

8f= afa'ƒfd e§ƒfO{b]lv k|bLk g]kfn;Dd, s]kL cf]nLb]lv O{Zjƒ kf]v|]n;Dd, gjƒfh uf}tdb]lv cd[t af]xf]ƒf;Dd cg]s gfpFFx¿ 5g† h;sf] 3ƒdf cGtƒhftLo ;fdflhs aGwg sfod ƒx]sf] 5 . s] oL ƒ oL h‚tf cg]s afx'gx¿ 5g† h;n] hftLo d'lQmsf] ljifonfO{ cfˆg} klƒjfƒjf6 k|of]u ulƒƒx]sf 5g† . tƒ o‚tf k|of]ux¿nfO{ cfˆgf klƒjfƒdf slxNo} cg'df]bg ug{ g;lsƒx]sf o; o'usf gj ;fdGt ƒfhs'dfƒx¿ ;s];Dd c?nfO{ bf]if lbPƒ ;Qfsf] >Lk]r klxƒg cft'ƒ ePsf 5g† < hftsf gfpFdf o‚tf] e|fGt ax;x¿ rlnƒx]sf 5g† . o;}sfƒ0f g]kfndf nf]stGqsf] ljsNk hgjfbL Psflwsfƒjfb jf blIf0fkGyL ;}Gojfbn] zLƒ p7fpg yfn]sf] xf] eGg] dnfO{ nfUb5 .

ƒfHosf] s'g} wd{ x'G5 ƒ x'g'k5{ eGg] dfGotfdf d]ƒf] k6Ss} lj‚jfz 5}g . hgtfsf lgjf{lrt k|ltlglwx¿n] nf]stGqsf l;4fGtsf cfwfƒdf ljlwk"j{s lgdf{0f uƒ]sf] sfg'g g} ƒfHon] kfngf ug'{ kg]{ wd{ xf] . c? s'g} ;d'bfo jf kƒDkƒfn] lgb]{lzt uƒ]sf] wd{ ƒfHowd{ x'g;Sb}g . h;ƒL ƒfHosf] klxrfg wd{ x'Fb}g To;ƒL g} hft klg ƒfHosf] klxrfgsf] cfwfƒ x'g ;Sb}g . wd{ ƒ hft ;dfg ƒ cGof]Gofl>t ljifo x'g† . wd{sf cfwfƒdf hft ƒ hftsf cfwfƒdf wd{sf] ljifo k|rlnt 5 . wd{ lgƒk]Iftfsf] cy{ hft ;fk]If x'g' xf]Og . hftsf];d]t lgƒk]Iftfsf] lg0f{o xf] Tof] . olb ‚yfgLo ;ƒsfƒ jf ƒfHo hftsf cfwfƒdf agfpg] xf] eg] s]Gb|Lo ;Qf wd{sf cfwfƒdf x'g'k5{ eGg] dfu p7†g' ‚jfefljs x'g hfG5 oxL ;Gbe{df . hftsf cfwfƒdf cfƒIf0f x'g] xf] ƒ cu|flwsfƒ ƒxg] xf] eg] wd{sf cfwfƒdf To‚tf] cu|flwsfƒ jf cfƒIf0f lsg gx'g] < of] k|Zg klg hfoh x'g k'u]sf] 5 . clwsfƒsf nflu ;a} ;dfg x'g'k5{ . lxhf] lje]b lyof] eGb}df cfh km]lƒ ToxL kƒDkƒfnfO{ csf]{ z}nLdf jƒ0f ug'{ cu|udg jf klƒjt{g x'g;Sb}g . clwsfƒsf] ljifo cfk;L ;b†efj ƒ ;d'bfo aLr ;xsfo{sf cfwfƒdf x'g'k5{ .

3[0ff ƒ k|ltzf]w clg cfˆgf afa' afh]sf] u'd]sf] ;Qf lkmtf{ ug]{ ;f]rsf cfwfƒdf hjh{‚tL nfu" ug]{ k|of; x'g yfn]kl5 g]kfnsf] eljiosf] s'g} ;Defjgf ƒxFb}g . oxL ;f]r ;+ljwfgsf] hudf ƒx†of] eg] cfhsf] ckmuflg‚tfg, tfhf ljefhgdf kƒ]sf] ;'8fg ƒ o‚tf cgluGtL b]zx¿sf] lgotL ef]Ug xfdL tofƒ x'g'kg]{ x'G5 . nf]stGqsf nflu o;}sfƒ0f clxn] b'O{6f

6

kIfx¿ pu|hfltjfb ƒ pu| If]qLotfjfb vtƒfhgs ePsf 5g† . oL b'O{ cltjfbsf kL7df a;]ƒ hgjfbL Psflwsfƒjfb ƒ blIf0fkGyL ;}Gojfbn] 6fpsf] p7fpg yfn]sf] cj‚yf 5 . tƒ ;QƒL jif{ cl3b]lv yflnPsf] nf]stGq lgdf{0fsf] hunfO{ s'g} klg xfntdf eTsg lbg' x'Fb}g . ‚jfyL{ ;f]rjf6 d'Qm ƒfVb} nf]stGqsf] hu]g{f ƒ o;sf] ;+‚yfut ljsf; cklƒxfo{ 5 . xfdL cfhsf] hfu?s nf]stflGqs k'‚tfn] o;}sfƒ0f hfltjfb, hftLo lje]bjfb, wd{jfb, If]qLotfjfb, Psflwsfƒjfb ƒ ;}Gojfbaf6 hf]ufpFb} nf]stGqnfO{ ;+‚yfut ug]{ k|of;df cfkm"nfO{ ;dlk{t ug'{ h?ƒL 5 . ;xL s'ƒf p7fpg cfh

xfdL 8ƒfof}+ jf nf]edf k¥of}+ eg] ef]ln xfd|} ;Gtltn] xfdL ;a}nfO{ lwSsfƒ ug]{ 5g† . ;Gtltsf] >fkjf6 hf]lug klg cfh xfdL ;a}n] eGg} kg]{ ƒ tbg'?k Jojxfƒ ug}{ kg]{ x'G5 M nf]stGqsf] csf]{ s'g} ljsNk gePƒ nf]stGq g} xf] hxfF ;a} hft, lnªu, ju{ ;d'bfosf] ;dfg clwsfƒ x'G5 ƒ hgtfsf] ‚jtGq ;fj{ef}d ;jf]{Rrtf sfod x'G5 . ;fdflhs Gofosf nflu nf]stGq eGbf csf]{ s'g} ljsNk x'g ;Sb}g . lgot ;dodf ;+ljwfg agf];† jf gagf];† tƒ nf]stGq dfly s'g} klg gfpFFdf k|xfƒ x'g lbg'x'Fb}g .

-n]vs jlƒi7 ;~rfƒsdL{ Pj+ clwsfƒsdL{ x'g\ ._

� z'ne zf}rfno ;‚tf], l6sfp ƒ cfw'lgs k|sfƒsf] ˆn; ug{ ;lsg] rkL{ xf]„ l;km{ #–$ ln6ƒ kfgLn] of] rkL{ k"ƒf ˆn; x'G5„

� of] rkL{ b'u{Gwƒlxt 5„ � o;sf] b'O{ vfN8] ;]ˆ6L 6}ª†saf6 k|To]s jif{ b'u{Gwƒlxt pj{ƒ k|fs[lts dn k|fKt x'G5„ h;nfO{

3ƒafƒLdf nufOg] tƒsfƒLafnLdf k|of]u ug{ ;lsG5„ � jiff}{jif{ rNg ;Sg] o; rkL{sf] Kofg n]an;Ddsf] xfnsf] cg'dflgt nfut ?= @),))).– k5{„ � g]kfndf klxnf] k6s ;'ne zf}rfnosf] lgdf{0f tyf k|rfƒ k|;fƒ O‚6\ofkn] uƒ]sf] 5„ o;

;+‚yf;Fu slƒa @% ;oj6f o‚tf rkL{x¿ lgdf{0f tyf k|rfƒk|;fƒ uƒ]sf] cg'ej 5„ � ;'ne zf}rfnosf] cnfjf O{‚6†ofkn] ljutdf jftfjƒ0flk|o u|fdL0f ;8s, kbofqL emf]n'Ë]

k'nx¿, cflb cGo jftfjƒ0flk|o, ;xeflutfd"ns pko'Qm k|ljlwx¿sf] ljsf; tyf k|rfƒ k|;fƒ ug]{ sfddf jiff}{+sf] cg'ej k|fKt uƒ]sf] 5„

k|sfzrGb| hf]zLcWoIf tyf ;+‚yfks

df]afOn gM (*$!$@@*((

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trials and criminal justice to ensure that perpetrators of human rights violations will be punished and thereby a clear message is sent to society to respect the rule of law. Criminal justice however, even though important, does not deal with several aspects resulting from a confl ict or a period of massive human rights (HR) violations. After a confl ict the roots that originated the confl ict in the fi rst place may still remain unchanged within society (for example discrimination of minorities, corrupted judiciary system, etc). There is often a great desire from the population to know the truth of what happened and many people will have new needs as a result of the widespread violations. In that sense TJ is different from regular justice because it has a broader understanding of what justice means, it includes not only criminal justice (prosecutions) but addresses the need for truth, reparations and institutional reforms.

TJ commitments and mechanisms in Nepal The Comprehensive Peace Accord (CPA) of November 21, 2006 ended a decade of armed confl ict in Nepal between the State security forces and the CPN (Maoist). With the end of the confl ict that account for 16,000 plus deaths, more than 1,000 disappearances and displaced hundreds of thousands of the population and victimized more others through torture and other kinds of human rights violations from both sides, the Peace Accord spoke of a ‘new Nepal’ promising a set of transitional mechanisms to take forward political, social and economic transformation with an acknowledgement that it is necessary to address past violations of international human rights and humanitarian law.

THE DOCTRINE OF TRANSITIONAL JUSTICE

Gopal Krishna Siwakoti, PhDPresident, INHURED International

Transitional JusticeTransitional Justice (TJ) refers to a range of approaches undertaken by societies to address the legacies of past human rights abuses, mass atrocities or other forms of severe social trauma, including genocide or civil war, in order to build a more democratic, just and peaceful future. To confront the wrongdoings of repressive predecessor regimes, TJ mostly involves judicial and non-judicial mechanisms and processes, ranging from prosecutions or civil lawsuits, amnesty, truth commissions, lustration or cleansing of state institutions, formal reparations programs and state-sponsored commemoration provisions.

It is important for the recognition of the victims, to respond to systematic or widespread violation of human rights and promote possibilities for peace, reconciliation and democracy without endangering the political transformations that are underway. The goals of TJ can be pointed as follows:• To address, and attempt to heal divisions

in society that arise as a result of human rights violations;

• To bring closure to and heal the wounds of individuals and society, particularly through “truth telling;”

• To provide justice to victims and accountability for perpetrators and creating an accurate historical record for society;

• To restore rule of law and reform institutions to promote rule of law and human rights; and

• To ensure non-repetition of human rights violations and promote co-existence and lasting peace.

After a period of confl ict or where massive human rights violations have been committed, countries have the responsibility to ensure the non-repetition of these events. In the past, countries have used

8

The CPA has made different commitments regarding different transitional justice mechanisms, including: a. High-Level Truth and Reconciliation

Commission (TRC) to investigate truth about those involved in gross violations of human rights and crimes against humanity during the war and to create an environment for reconciliation in the society;

b. a National Peace and Rehabilitation Commission (NPRC) to carry out works regarding the relief and rehabilitation of confl ict-victims and displaced to normalize the situation, while ensuring the right of victims of confl ict and torture the families of disappeared persons to obtain relief;

c. to make public the names and fate of persons forcibly disappeared by both sides within 60 days of the signing of the Accord (however, no such disclosure have been forthcoming by any parties);

d. a High-Level State Restructuring Recommendation Commission (SRRC) to carry out an inclusive, democratic and progressive restructuring of the state

The CPA also includes a provision that guaranteed withdrawal of politically-motivated cases against various individuals from both sides while immediately publicizing and releasing those in detention – viewed by many as a pardoning (amnesty) provision.

The Interim Constitution of Nepal 2007 also makes constitutional provisions for the formation of the TRC, the SRRC. It also provides for the formation of a separate Inquiry Commission to investigate cases of disappearances made during the confl ict and provide relief to the families of the victims on the basis of the report of the Commission. It also makes the State responsible to make arrangements for appropriate relief, recognition and rehabilitation for the families of those who died and for persons disabled and injured during the confl ict; and to conduct special programs to rehabilitate the displaced persons,

provide compensation for damaged private and public property, and rebuild infrastructure destroyed during the confl ict.

These commitments, in different language and implementation timeframe (for the formation of the commissions and return of seized properties by the Maoists), have been reaffi rmed in different agreements and understanding between the major political parties and the Maoists. However, none of the commitments have been fully materialized as yet.

The 7-point agreement among the major political parties, including the Maoists signed in June 2008 (after the April 2008 Constituent Assembly (CA) elections) provided for the formation of the commissions, including the TRC, the NPRC, the SSRC and the Commission to Investigate the Disappeared within one month since the signing of the agreement. The agreement, in addition to previous commitments, pledged for relief of seized properties, appropriate treatment for those injured during the People’s Movement II and appropriate compensation to the families of those deceased, medical treatment for those injured and relief for properties lost during the CA elections while bringing the perpetrators of such crimes to justice through proper investigations.

The programs of the ruling Maoist led coalition government made public in August 2008 has also reiterated the commitments to form different commissions, including those mentioned above and provide immediate relief to the confl ict-victims.

TRC and Disappearance CommissionsTruth and Reconciliation Commissions (TRC) and Disappearance Commissions (DC) are independent offi cial investigative bodies. These commissions, created at the point of political transition, have the primary purposes of investigating and reporting on key periods of past abuse and submit fi nal reports making recommendations to remedy such abuse and to prevent its recurrence. The recommendations may include recommendations for reparations

9

of victims, prosecutions/amnesty of perpetrators, reconciliation, institutional reforms and others. However, it should be noted that these temporary (usually less than 2 years) non-judicial bodies themselves do not have power the power to punish perpetrators or individuals responsible for human rights violations.

The TRC and DC are very similar to each other in many ways, however unlike the DC; TRCs can have a broad mandate of investigating and reporting past patterns and trends of a wide range of human rights abuses and making recommendations to address such abuses. A DC has a relatively smaller mandate of doing the same for the specifi c abuse of disappearance.

The experience shows that countries generally opted for one mechanism or the other, but not both at the same time. If that happens, it will be important to clarify issues of mandate, responsibilities and other linkages that will ensure the proper functions of each body.

International experiences in truth commissionsSo far, more than 30 truth commissions have been established in different countries of the world including the commissions of inquiry into specifi c events like disappearances.

Some prominent truth commissions are: • National Commission on the Disappeared

of Argentina (the fi rst truth commission)• National Commission of Truth and

Reconciliation of Chile• Commission on the Truth for El Salvador• Commission of Truth and Reconciliation of

South Africa• Historical Clarification Commission of

Guatemala

Some recent truth commissions are: • Truth and Reconciliation Commission of

Sierra Leone, • Truth and Reconciliation Commission of

Peru,• Equity and Reconciliation Commission of

Morocco,

• Commission for Reception, Truth and Reconciliation of East Timor (the most recent truth commission to submit its report)

However, all the truth commissions established to date have been quite remarkable in the holistic approach adopted by the various commissions to respond to the changed political situation within any given country.

Functions and Differences The functions of a TRC and DC, depending upon their mandates, may be different. However, their basic functions can be listed as follows:a. To clarify and acknowledge the truthb. To respond to the needs and interests of

victimsc. To contribute to justice and accountabilityd. To outline institutional responsibility and

recommend reformse. To promote reconciliation and reduce

tensions resulting from past violence

As mentioned above, TRCs and DCs are strictly non-judicial bodies that can only make non binding recommendations to prosecute the perpetrators, depending upon its mandate, whether it names the perpetrators or not. Thus, they are very different from the judicial approaches of courts and tribunals.

Commissions of inquiry are generally established to inquire into specific matters or instances of human rights violations and establish the relevant facts. In addition to determining the facts, an inquiry must also consider what the most appropriate remedy or solution is to address the problem. The proceedings of most commissions involve investigatory functions. Sometimes they can exercise adversarial powers that are used by courts such as summoning witnesses, issuing subpoenas and contempt powers. Unlike the courts, however, they never have the power to prosecute or punish perpetrators. Therefore, as mentioned above, in certain cases, a commission of inquiry may operate as a specialized truth commission, e.g. Commission on the Disappeared of Argentina.

10

However, TRC, generally, has a broader mandate to investigate and establish a historical record of a certain period of the past. In Nepal, Commissions of Inquiry have been formed in the past under the State Act 2046BS, but truth commissions are normally formed under a specialized law.

Lessons to be learntThough the TJ process is widely accepted as an adaptive process, some important lessons that the future TRC of Nepal could learn from international experiences are:a. Intensive consultation with the victims

and other stakeholders of the area is very important before forming such commissions so as to respond to the needs and interests of victims.

b. Selection of commissioners should be done through a transparent and participatory process as in East Timor (where names were collected from all the people for the selection of commissioners) so that effi cient persons can be selected as commissioners and the victims and other citizens can have the feeling of ownership of such a commission.

c. A TRC should be given a broad mandate in order to be able to fulfi ll its objectives effectively. The commission should have strong investigative powers in a variety of crimes punishable as per the international laws and other relevant powers regarding making recommendations, naming the perpetrators, facilitating reconciliation (in less serious crimes), etc.

d. In most of the international experiences, after the TRC submits its final report, the TJ process eventually comes to an abrupt halt. Most of the governments have been reluctant in implementing the recommendations put forward by such commissions. Thus, for such truth processes to be successful, specifi c attention should be given towards the implementation of the recommendations.

International crimes and their relevanceUnder the Rome Statute of International Criminal Court (ICC) and the Convention

against Genocide, genocide means any of the following acts committed with intent to destroy, in whole or in part, a national, ethnical, racial or religious group, as such:

• Killing members of the group • Causing serious bodily or mental harm to

members of the group• Deliberately inflicting on the group

conditions of life calculated to bring about its physical destruction in whole or in part

• Imposing measures intended to prevent births within the group

• Forcibly transferring children of the group to another group

Similarly, war crimes, as defi ned under the Geneva Conventions include specifi c crimes in both international and non-international armed confl ict-such as:• Willful killing• Torture, inhuman treatment, mutilation, or

causing• Rape, sexual slavery, enforced prostitution,

forced pregnancy, enforced sterilization and any other form sexual violence also constituting a grave breach/serious violation of the Geneva Conventions

• Pillaging• Conscripting, enlisting or using children

under 15• Outrages upon personal dignity, in particular

humiliating and degrading treatment.

A war crime can be defi ned as a violation of International Humanitarian Law (IHL), which is a set of rules, which place restrictions on the use of weapons and methods of warfare, committed during an international or internal armed confl ict. Even in internal armed confl ict, a minimum set of standards must be observed by all parties to the confl ict. Where these standards are breached, war crimes are committed. Not every killing or injury in war is a war crime. In particular, it is permitted under the laws of war for combatants, members of armed groups, to engage each other in combat.

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Crimes against humanity in the Rome StatuteThe Rome Statute also defi nes crimes against humanity as any of the following acts when committed as part of a widespread or systematic attack directed against any civilian population, with knowledge of the attack;• Murder• Extermination• Enslavement• Deportation or forcible transfer of

population• Imprisonment or other severe deprivation of

physical liberty in violation of fundamental rules of international law

• Torture• Rape, sexual slavery, enforced prostitution,

forced pregnancy, enforced sterilization and any other form of sexual violence of comparable gravity

• Persecution against any identifi able group or collectivity on political, racial, national, ethnic, cultural, religious, gender

• Enforced disappearance of persons• The crime of apartheid• Other inhumane acts of a similar character

intentionally causing great suffering, serious injury to body or to mental or physical health.

Finally, in Nepal, both the draft bills on TRC and DC are now at the custody of the Statute Committee of the Parliament. With series of directives of the Supreme Court of Nepal along with lobbying and advocacy of international community, civil society groups and victims associations it is hoped that competent bodies on TRC and DC in compliance with the international norms and principles will be established without further delay to pave the way for peace through justice and lasting reconciliation. Given that over 16,000 people have died and thousands of others disappeared, physically or mentally injured, incapacitated and displaced, it is high time the state took into cognizance those abuses, sincerely tried to heal wound of the victims and brought perpetrators to justice. No process can bring about sustainable peace, if serious crimes and abuses are condoned or victims are forgotten. We also need to take note that the international law is against blanket amnesty, especially amnesty to perpetrators of system crimes (war crimes, genocide, crimes against humanity) and also serious violation of human rights. It is in this context that the TRC becomes pertinent to help the society to understand and acknowledge a contested or denied history, and in doing so brings the voices and stories of victims, often hidden from public view to public at large.

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12

not letting us commit any kind of social and parental disobedience is also fading out from Nepalese. One who does not fear with God and do not respect the Teachers (who imparts the education) are like animals and commit all kind of chaos and antisocial activities. A person without religion, society belief on God and respect to the father, mother and other family members are considered nonentity to the society.

This is the country Nepal so called Republic where the value of the citizens is totally ignored if they are not associated with political parties.

Take for example Mrs. Anuradha Koirala chairperson of Maiti Nepal who won CNN HERO Title beating thousands of such achievers, Dr. Sanduk Ruit who was decorated with Magasasay award and Prabal Gurung who made the name in the Fashion Designing fi eld and donned US First Lady Michelle Obama and became globally famous.

Isn’t there any duty of the Nepal Government to recognize their contribution and adorn them? But sorry to say it has never been so because they are not the member of any political outfi ts.

Our country which has become one of the failed nations by all aspects, what we have foreseen in future, the hollow promise of the political leaders and everyday fake declaration leads us to the murky side of our life as well as our future generation, which will be a true REWARD OF THE REPUBLIC NEPAL.

PEACE HAS BECOME MIRAGE FOR NEPALESE

Baba Krishna GurungAdvisor/Life Member- HURFON

Once upon a time there was a country called Nepal, where Nepalese used to live with smiling face being cheerful, safe, peaceful and self-reliant. But where is that NEPAL now.

Foreigners used to come to Nepal not to see the sky scrapers but small huts with grass thatched bedecked with the beautiful nature and surrounded by Himalayas with the silver lining. Now Nepal has been slowly losing its beautiful nature also.

Tourist of all over the world visits Nepal because there is no disturbances in any part of Nepal. Nepalese with beaming faces always consider the “Guests similar as God”. At present scenario, visitors or guests of any part of the world have to bear the brunt of wrath of Maoist cadres if their “DEMANDS’ are not met. Where is that PEACE in Nepal?

Hotels used to be fully booked, our Nepal Airlines used to have no seats and Tourist areas like Thamel, Bhaktapur and Lalitpur used to be full of Tourist and traders relying on tourist items such as “Souvenir of Nepal” used to do thriving business. Where are the infl ux of the tourists, they are killing fl ies with no business.

Nepalese used to be loved by all for the simplicity, straight forwardness and sincerity of mind. Everybody used to say Nepalese are friendly people and do not have any aggressive mind and never possess any kind of derogatory feeling towards others. But now all these qualities are shied away from Nepalese due to the transformation of the country into Republic. Now Nepalese are notoriously recognized in the world as trouble makers and the trust and confi dence which was bestowed upon Nepalese is totally gone.

Nepalese are real devout of Gods and religions. Religions and reverence to the God which bind us

13

pre history has shown that change in the pattern of climate has caused disappearance of entire civilization. Since the issue of cc is related with right to clean environment and development it is the human rights of third generation as being civil and political rights fi rst generation of HR and economic, social and cultural rights are the HR of second generation.

The dynamic earthEver since the earth was originated sometime 5 billion years back it has been changing due to its dynamic nature both in its geological structure in core inside, on the surface and on its atmosphere as well. The change was normally in evolutionary process – transforming the things gradually without our knowledge and notice, but sometimes it was in revolutionary way transforming landscape and land forms from one form to another way within a very short period of time. The earthquake, volcanic eruptions, fl ood and Tsunami and storms are the means of these revolutionary transformation and change. The change in the atmosphere, however, is an evolutionary nature. Still it causes earth surface very hot and sometimes brings extreme cold on the surface bringing ice age covering entire surface of the earth with ice sheet.

Change affects living beingsBefore living beings appeared on the earth these changes in the earth did not matter as its effect was not seen on the lives. But after the advent of lives on the earth the changes do matter because

Introduction Climate Change (CC) has been a buzz term for last few years. Many countries in the world have already shown their concern very seriously as its impacts have been experienced in various aspect of their lives. As a matter of fact, no country in the world can escape from the effect of the CC as everyone shares the common atmosphere. But the magnitude of the effect and kinds are not uniform in all the countries. Rather it depends on its geographical location and other physical conditions. For example: Maldives and other tiny islands countries are facing the problem of submerging entire island into the ocean due to rise of sea level whereas swift glacier melting has greatly affects the Himalayan countries of Hindukush mountain range in Asia. Regarding the issue of CC people generally think it is to be dealt by people like scientists, foresters, environmentalists, meteorologists etc. because it is related with science. But it must be the concern of people of every realm as its effect is everywhere. Moreover, its adverse effect can threaten entire human civilization as activities of living beings including human being depend upon the surrounding environment. ‘The theory of cultural ecology’ propounded by duet American anthropologist Marvin Harish and Leslie A. white have explained that human culture is largely determined by his surrounding environment. The culture, both material and non materials, he developed and invented in the course of civilization are the product of his adaptation to the contemporary environment. So every change in the environment can have corresponding change in human culture. He is forced to change in his culture to adapt to the changed environment. So the issue of CC is the concern of all irrespective of their profession and specializations. Since its impact is directly related with entire human civilization and it is obviously a concern of human rights as well. The

Climate Change and Human Rights

Yogendra Man Bijukchhen Vice President-HURFON

14

its effect was so great on the lives that it even caused the extinct of many species of living beings and plants and emergence of new ones on the earth. So with the interplay with the nature only the species survived that was the fi ttest to the changed environment.

Human Civilization/ Development and climate changeHuman civilization is believed to be begun sometime ten thousand year back when human learnt to cultivate and tilt the land and grow food for themselves and tame the animal to use their power for their benefi t. Throughout this entire history of civilization human have always attempted to conquer the nature. In this battle human misunderstood that he has overcome the nature some extent. The Industrial Revolution which began fi rst in England in 2nd half of 18th century and then in Europe by the beginning of the 19th century, accompanied by many scientifi c discoveries, was also a part of this battle. It was only in the beginning of the 20th century that human beings realized that the battle over the nature has backfi red and retaliated him. Gradually, they came to know that if human activities against the nature are not stopped the entire human civilization will be in great peril and could extinct. People forgot what Ghandi has once said,’’ the earth can fulfi ll all human needs but not its greed’’.

These human activities of clearing jungle for farming and settlement, rapid and haphazard industrialization taking place around the world especially in the industrialized and developed nations in the name of development and economic growth caused emission of green house gases (GHG- i.e. Carbon Dioxide, Methane, nitrous Oxides, Ozone and Chloro fl uoro Carnons) in huge amount. And the excess use of CFC depleted ozone layer and trapped more heat from the sun. These all contribute to the global warming and ultimately to the ‘climate change’. Though the change in the components of the climate is natural, human activities during last two centuries have caused unprecedented change in the climate.

The increase in the temperature caused change in the entire climate. Consequently, erratic and unreliable rainfall, change in the rainfall pattern, change in the Monsoon pattern in South Asia, unprecedented fl ood and drought all are being experienced in many countries.

International efforts to face with CC ProblemClimate change as a serious problem was recognized by fi rst World Climate Conference in 1979 and further queries were made later on. One decade later Inter-governmental panel on climate change (IPCC),a unique team that draws work of more than thousand scientists, was established. It releases its assessment report every three years with clear scientifi c view on the current and future state of cc. Publicizing of its assessment report drew the world attention.

IPCC’s second assessment report says, “The balance of evidence suggests discernible human infl uences on global climate.”

The third report says “There is new and stronger evidence that most of the warming observed over the last 50 years is attributable to human activities.” And its Fourth report (in 2007) the IPCC spoke even more strongly, "Human-induced warming of the climate system is widespread.”

In 1992, Earth summit agreed to form United Nations Framework Convention on climate Change (UNFCCC)with the objective of stabilization of GHG concentration in the atmosphere at a level that would prevent dangerous manmade interference with the climate system. In 1997, Kyoto Protocol was adopted with the aim to reduce GHG emission and fi nancing clean development. There are 187 countries which are state party to this protocol. The annual meeting of the the parties is called Conference of the Parties (COP). Its recent meeting was held in Copenhagen of Denmark in 2009.

Nepali, a vulnerable country of CCThis new problem or the backfi re of the nature

15

to the human civilization has affected many poor nations whose contribution to the CC is very nominal. Maldives, Bangladesh, Pakistan and India are the countries in the south Asia which are the most vulnerable to CC. Adverse effect of CC in these countries is a sort of punishment for the offence they have not committed.

Our country Nepal is one of the most vulnerable to CC because our geology is unstable and fragile; we directly depend upon natural resources for livelihood and our agriculture relies on Monsoon; ours is the very diverse and sensitive ecology; we have many glacier and snow fed rivers; we have very poor technology and infrastructure; our level of awareness and education is very low and the biggest thing is we have extreme poverty. For last one decade people have experienced the effect of CC. About 65% of our agriculture land totally depends on rainfall and change in the pattern of rainfall has adversely affected our agriculture yield. As a consequence people in rural areas are facing problem of shortage of food. On the contrary due to excess rainfall there are [problem of fl ood and landslide. They are also facing the problem of more fl owering and less fruiting and new kind of diseases in the fruit plants and vegetables causing decrease in the production of vegetable and fruits signifi cantly. It is believed that we have about 2ooo varieties of rice in Nepal and due to CC even in Pokhara valley 17 out of 64 traditional varieties of rice already have been lost and 47 are under the threat of extinction. These are only some representative events of CC effect in Nepal.

Against this background, Government of Nepal has responded to this new challenge with different initiateves.

Preparation of NAPA (National adaptation Plan of Action) document and LAPA (Local Adaptation plan of Action) document is one of these key initiatives. Nepal is alos a state party to most of important international treaties and conventions designed to reduce global impacts of CC .

Collective effort and adaptation-the only means to face the problemThe natural history of the earth has shown that the climate change is an event of routine. Nobody can stop it from being changed; only we can control it with collective effort of all the nations irrespective of their political boundaries and ideologies. The natural history also has shown that only the species that could adapt the changed environment have thrived and continued to exist and those who failed to adapt disappeared for ever. So living being naturally learnt to adapt/ acclimatize with the change in the climate in the course of thousands and thousands of years. This theory of ‘survival of the fi ttest’ was already presented by the legendary naturalist Charles Darwin 152 years ago. At present the great challenge before us to learn new strategies of adaptation to continue our human civilization as invaluable heritage. Nepali people have also used their own indigenous knowledge as an adaptation strategy. Construction of plastics ponds and gabions, drip and sprinkle irrigation, riverbank farming, use improved seeds, method of poly-cropping, planting trees in the barren lands, introducing agro forestry are the some of these new methods they developed in their own capacity. But these are not enough to escape from effect of CC. We need to share such knowledge of adaptation strategies from other nations who might have developed better strategies which can be replicated here too. It is obvious that a nation, however rich and advanced it is, and a country, yet poor and small, cannot escape with effect of CC as we share the common atmosphere sans boundary. Likewise, a highly industrialized nation whose contribution to CC is great and a tiny developing nation who is not responsible for cc at all have to face the same problem eventually. So there is no reason to blame each other, which leads us to nowhere. And the only way to face with the CC to save entire human civilization is to join hands together and move ahead.

16

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17

to incorporate right against impunity as a major provision, it is included as additional opinion. Therefore, it is necessary to sensitize the general stakeholders at the local level to create public opinion to incorporate this provision as the major provision in the new constitution. It is required to prepare the local level stakeholders to exert pressure to address impunity through constitutional provision when the CA members visit districts to collect opinion of general public on the preliminary draft of the constitution.

State restructuring cannot complete without restructuring of the justice system. The state restructuring for the future Nepal should focus ending impunity and promotion of accountability. The new constitution, to be formulated for a fresh start, should incorporate right against impunity and right to remedy under right regarding justice. It can be guaranteed by incorporating a provision to allow formulating a retroactive law to prosecute and punish against those involved in the serious human rights violation. Therefore, it was felt necessary to sensitize stakeholders on the need to address impunity in the new constitution and to discuss about the additional opinions tabled in the CA Committee for Fundamental Rights and Directive Principles of the State

Addressing impunity and proposed retroactive provision in new constitution

Raj Kumar SiwakotiSecretary General

Human Rights and Democratic Forum (FOHRID)

ContextThere is alarming situation of impunity in Nepal due to lack of fair investigation and prosecution against those involved in the crimes under international law. Impunity has hindered access of the general public to justice. Justice has been infl uenced by access, money and power. The perpetrators involved in the serious human rights violations are out of the reach of justice system. This has made the victims hopeless rather than hopeful for justice. Those involved in the serious crimes of murder, enforced disappearance and torture are not brought to justice system due to lack of effective law or will power of the state. Moreover, backed by the political access or misusing position in the public authority, responsibility in such incidents is rejected. Unfortunately, only the poor and helpless are the subject of prosecution and punishment according to law. The serious crimes of past are required to be brought into the justice system; at the same time, we have the responsibility to regularize serious crimes that might be committed in the future. Only solution for both of these situations is to bring the perpetrators to the justice system making them accountable for their deeds by formulating retroactive law.

In the course of formulating new constitution, voice is being raised to address impunity through constitutional provision. Struggle against impunity cannot be completed till we establish right against serious human rights violation as right against impunity. Though the CA Committee for Fundamental Rights and Directive Principles of the State failed

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Addressing impunity and retroactive provision

The new constitution can address impunity from two ways. Firstly, by initiating prosecution process in the incidents of serious violations of the past. But this may be diffi cult when the existing laws have not criminalized the past incidents. For example, Nepal law has not declared enforced disappearance as a crime. Such a lapse can create legal hurdles. According to the constitutional practice so far and the provision in the existing Interim Constitution, no one can be punished for an act which was not punishable by law when the act was committed, and no person can be subjected to a punishment greater than that prescribed by the law in force at the time of the offence. If we continue such provision in the future also, we cannot prosecute against those involved in the crimes defi ned by international law but not criminalized by domestic law. We cannot bring them into justice system. The exceptional principle to use the retroactive provision in the already defi ned crimes has been developed. If an act is a crime according to international law, but such an act is not criminalized by domestic law, we can bring such crimes to the grip of justice. Secondly, the principle of prohibition of retroactive law is not applicable in the context of continuous crime. Continuous crime was defi ned and the non applicability of the prohibition of retroactive law was established in the bombing incident of BS 2043. In this way, the principle of non retroactivity of criminal law cannot obstruct bringing the incidents which are defi ned at one or the other place to the justice system. Right to remedy must be established

against certain crimes and impunity. The constitution must incorporate a provision that allows effective legal remedy to everyone in the violation of human rights. It must include right to lodge complaint, to participate the whole investigation process and reparation to the victims. Therefore, the provision to take action in the crimes under international law by formulating retroactive law must be incorporated in the new constitution1.

The traditional criminal justice system does not allow taking action against those acts which were not defi ned as crime when the act was committed. However, exception to this criminal justice system has been developed. The International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR), Article 15(2) has created ground to bring the serious crimes of international concern in the justice system by formulating retroactive law2. Similarly, the practice to bring the already defi ned crimes to justice is increasing at the international level. The constitutions promulgated in several countries in and after 1990s have incorporated constitutional provision to bring the perpetrators involved in the serious crimes to justice by formulating retroactive law3. Especially, the post confl ict countries have adopted such constitutional provisions. Such crimes have been criminalized and they have established that the already defi ned crimes can be brought to justice even if they were not criminalized by national law when they were committed.

We cannot bring the perpetrators of the past to justice system if we follow the traditional criminal law4. Achievements of the democratic

1 Based on the assessment of views expressed by participants in the FGD entitled “Retroactive provision proposed in the draft of Fundamental Rights Committee” organized by FOHRID on 10 April 2010 in Gulariya of Bardiya district and another FGD entitled “Addressing impunity and proposed retroactive provision in new constitution” organized on 11 April 2010 in Dhangadhi of Kailali district.

2 ICCPR, Article 15(2) “Nothing in this article shall prejudice the trial and punishment of any person for any act or omission which, at the time when it was committed, was criminal according to the general principles of law recognized by the community of nations.”

3 Constitution of the Republic of Kosovo, 2008, Article 33 (1) states “No one shall be charged or punished for any act which did not constitute a penal offense under law at the time it was committed, except acts that at the time they were committed constituted genocide, war crimes or crimes against humanity according to international law. In this way, this constitution has criminalized the crimes of international concern and regularized crimes under international law.

Guarantee against retroactivity is for such acts or omissions which are not already defi ned as punishable offence at the time of offence; however, it does not obstruct prosecution in the serious crimes under international law. Such a provision is in the Constitution of South Africa, 1996, Article 35 (1), which states not

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movement cannot be institutionalized if we do not end impunity. We cannot apply a law that defi nes a new crime in a retroactive manner but we can take action by formulating retroactive law in the acts that have been defi ned as crime by world community or international law. The political parties in Nepal fear that they themselves may be trapped if the crimes of the past are addressed. Additional opinion has been presented by two major political parties in the CA5. Incorporating this provision in the new constitution will open way to struggle against impunity. Those accused of involvement in the serious crimes can be banned or declared ineligible for a certain duration. We can formulate a law in the future if we have constitutional provision in place. Bringing the perpetrators involved in serious crimes into justice system by formulating retroactive law should be the fi rst step. Remedy and justice can be sought in the continuous crimes such

as enforced disappearance only when such a constitutional provision is in place. Bardiya is the district where there was largest number of incidents of enforced disappearance during the past confl ict. Victims are still expecting justice. The issue of enforced disappearance cannot be addressed if the constitution does not address impunity. In such a situation, victims cannot get justice and the perpetrators remain out of the grip of justice system. Therefore, impunity must be addressed. The victims of enforced disappearance must receive justice6.

Formulation of retroactive law can be made possible by the constitution, the fundamental law of the land. We can make the perpetrators accountable if the constitution allows formulating retroactive law. If the constitution obstructs formulation of such a law, we cannot ensure impunity free new Nepal. The CA Committee for Fundamental

to be convicted for an act or omission that was not an offence under either national or international law at the time it was committed or omitted. This provision has addressed two aspects. First, it has criminalized the serious crimes under international law through constitution. Second, it guarantees prosecution in the gross violation of human rights and serious violation of humanitarian law that are prohibited by international law. It prohibits impunity with serious violation.

Modern society cannot administer effective criminal justice through the traditional dictum “except those punishable by existing law.” A modern state needs to defi ne offences under international law also within criminal justice system. Otherwise, the criminal justice system remains incomplete. Impunity cannot be addressed till the constitution and law accommodate the crimes punishable under international law. Such a provision can be found in the Constitution of Croatia, 1990, Article 31 (1) that says “No one shall be punished for an act which before its commission was not defi ned as a punishable offence by law or international law, nor he may be sentenced to a penalty which was not defi ned by law. If a less severe penalty is determined by law after the commission of an act, such penalty shall be imposed.”

Non applicability of statutory limitation and no amnesty or pardon are the established principles of criminal justice system to end impunity by addressing crimes of international concern. Neither statutory limitation is not applicable in the serious crimes under international law, nor amnesty and pardon allowed in such crimes. Constitution of Ethiopia, 1994, Article 28 (1) has the provision “Criminal liability of persons who commit crimes against humanity, so defi ned by international agreements ratifi ed by Ethiopia and by other laws of Ethiopia, such as genocide, summary executions, forcible disappearances or torture shall not be barred by statute of limitation. Such offences may not be commuted by amnesty or pardon of the legislature or any other state organ.” Similarly, Constitution of Venezuela, 1999, Article 29 states “The State is obliged to investigate and legally punish offenses against human rights committed by its authorities. Actions to punish the offense of violating humanity rights, serious violations of human rights and war crimes shall not be subject to statute of limitation. Human rights violations and the offense of violating humanity rights shall be investigated and adjudicated by the courts of ordinary competence. These offenses are excluded from any benefi t that might render the offenders immune from punishment, including pardons and amnesty.”

Struggle against impunity cannot be complete only by guaranteeing prosecution and justice within criminal justice system. Its departure points include guarantee of justice and reparation, guarantee of prosecution against perpetrators and protection of victims. Post confl ict countries must prepare for fresh start by addressing the past. Addressing struggle against impunity is more important for strengthening rule of law in a country like Nepal. Such provisions are incorporated in many post confl ict countries of the world. The Constitution of Venezuela, 1999, Article 30 has the provision “The State has the obligation to make full reparations to the victims of human rights violations for which it may be held responsible, and to the legal successors to such victims, including payment of damages. The State shall adopt the necessary legislative measures and measures of other nature to implement the reparations and damage compensation provided for under this article. The State shall protect the victims of ordinary crimes and endeavor to make the guilty parties provide reparations for the infl icted damages.” the struggle against impunity is meaningless till the victims are provided reparation.

To end impunity and promote accountability, the state should ensure that amnesty is not allowed in the general crimes. However, there is established practice that allows amnesty through special provision in some political crimes. The Constitution of Greece, Article 47 (3) states that “Amnesty may be granted only for political crimes, by statute passed by the Plenum of the Parliament with a majority of three-fi fths of the total number of members.”

4 Ibid.

5 CA Committee for Fundamental rights and Directive principles of the State could not reach consensus on the proviso that proposed “punishment by formulating retroactive law in the crimes such as crime against humanity, war crimes and genocide”. However, two additional opinions with similar theoretical ground were proposed on behalf of Nepali Congress and CPN-UML that have majority in the Committee. UCPN-Maoist remained in the opposition during discussion, but this provision has been proposed by majority.

6 Based on views expressed by representatives of confl ict victims including Laxmi Khadka, Ashok Sodhari, Hariram Tharu in the FGD entitled “Retroactive provision proposed in the draft of Fundamental Rights Committee” organized by FOHRID on 10 April 2010 in Gulariya of Bardiya district.

20

Rights and Directive Principles of the State has incorporated provision to formulate retroactive law to take action against those involved in serious crimes7. However, it was not incorporated as the major provision. Still, we can hope that it will be passed as a provision as the second and largest parties in the CA namely Nepali Congress and CPN-UML have agreed to it. Still, we cannot be quite sure that this provision will be incorporated in the new constitution as the UCPN-Maoist, the largest party in the CA is not positive to this issue and other political leaders who were responsible to mobilize army or police in the past confl ict are not accountable to this provision8.

Impunity is increasing as we have not been able to conduct fair investigation and prosecution in the incidents of human rights violation. Retroactive law is required to bring those involved in the crimes defi ned at the international level and to ensure justice to the victims. The traditional principle of criminal law is not in favour of victims. Those involved in crimes have been enjoying emancipation. There is zero access of victims to justice. Therefore, there is need of victims oriented criminal justice system and principle9. We cannot imagine prosperous future by forgetting the past. It is just a daydream to try to promote accountability in the future without bringing the perpetrators of the past to the justice. Justice to victims is impossible only by formulating good constitution till we fail to bring those

7 Clause (4) of Article 5 Right relating to justice in the draft reads: “No person shall be punished for an act which was not punishable by law when the act was committed, and no person shall be subjected to a punishment greater than that prescribed by the law in force at the time of the offence.” CA Member Pradeep Kumar Gyawali recommended a proviso to this Clause as an additional opinion that reads, “Provided that this Clause shall not be deemed to prevent punishment by formulating retroactive law in the crimes such as crime against humanity, war crimes and genocide.” Similarly, CA Member Ramesh Lekhak recommended a separate proviso to the same Clause that reads: “Provided that this Clause shall not be deemed to prevent formulating retroactive law and punishment in the crimes to be punished under applicable international laws.”

8 Most of the participants of separate programs organized by FOHRID in Ilam, Morang, Janakpur, Pokhara, Chitawana, Bhairahawa, Nepalganj, Bardiya and Dhangadhi have expressed this suspicion.

9 Based on views expressed by participants including Tek Ram Joshi in the FGD entitled “Addressing impunity and proposed retroactive provision in new constitution” organized on 11 April 2010 in Dhangadhi of Kailali district.

10 Based on views expressed by Basudev Pokharel, representative of National People’s Front in the FGD entitled “Retroactive provision proposed in the draft of Fundamental Rights Committee” organized by FOHRID on 10 April 2010 in Gulariya of Bardiya district.

11 Based on views expressed by Keshav Bahadur GC, representative of civil society in the FGD entitled “Retroactive provision proposed in the draft of Fundamental Rights Committee” organized by FOHRID on 10 April 2010 in Gulariya of Bardiya district.

12 Based on views expressed by Advocate Johari Lal Chaudhari, Vice President, Kailali District Bar in the FGD entitled “Addressing impunity and proposed retroactive provision in new constitution” organized on 11 April 2010 in Dhangadhi of Kailali district.

13 Based on views expressed by District Judge Narayan Prasad Dhital in the FGD entitled “Addressing impunity and proposed retroactive provision in new constitution” organized on 11 April 2010 in Dhangadhi of Kailali district.

involved in the serious crimes of the past. A constitution that does not guarantee justice to victims and punishment to perpetrators is meaningless. Therefore, the constitution that does not address past is meaningless.

It is necessary to incorporate retroactive provision in the future constitution to end the trend of impunity and to take action against those involved in the past crimes. The recommendations of the Mallik Commission have not been implemented. Rayamajhi Commission was formed to investigate the human rights violations during Jana Andolan II of 2006, but its recommendations were also not implemented. It is important to investigate and take action on such incidents10. Impunity can be eradicated if it is mentioned in the fundamental law of the land but we have to be careful towards its implementation11. To minimize the bad trend of impunity, we must make clear provision to punish the serious crimes under international law by formulating retroactive law12. We must be clear on the crimes to be prosecuted through retroactive law13. Specifying crime shall make the use of retroactive law easier and avert chances of its misuse. Therefore, constitution should open way for campaign against impunity by allowing formulation of retroactive law. Constitution making process is the most appropriate opportunity to introduce retroactive provision. Campaign against impunity can get momentum and people’s aspiration for impunity free

21

society can be fulfi lled only if the constitution clearly opens way for it.

SuggestionAbove discussion justifi es the need to incorporate a provision in the new constitution that allows formulation of retroactive law. Therefore, based on the recommendation made by the Interim Constitution Drafting Committee, the additional opinions presented in the CA and jurisprudence established and practiced throughout the world, it can be recommended that the provision to take action against impunity and serious crimes under international law by formulating retroactive law, right to remedy against impunity and to administer this right,

following provision should be incorporated in the new constitution: � No person shall be prosecuted and become liable of punishment for any act which is not a punishable offence according to national or international law, and shall not be punished more than applicable at the time of offence. Provided that this does not prevent investigation, trial and punishment against any person by formulating law in case of violation of human rights and humanitarian law.

� Any person shall have the right to receive legal remedy against impunity or genocide, war crime and crimes against humanity.

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The impressive legacy that Amnesty has built around this particular concept raises a number of critical questions: why did Amnesty make the fi gure of the prisoner of conscience so central to the structure of its international human rights practice? Why did they articulate a new concept of political imprisonment at this historical juncture and in these terms? Why did Amnesty’s founders surmise that individuals from around the world, or at least those in the wealthy North, would respond to the plight of ‘prisoners of conscience’ regardless of their location of confi nement? Why did the whole complex of human rights coalesce around the fi gure of the POC such that it became “one of the most popularly used expressions in the human rights fi eld” (Kaufman 340)? Does the deployment of this concept tell us something specifi c about the politics of international, non-governmental human rights activism, or at least how the early activists viewed such a politic?

The new concept of the prisoner of conscience was defi ned as including “any person who is physically restrained (by imprisonment or otherwise) from expressing (in any form of words or symbols) any opinion which he honestly holds and which does not advocate or condone personal violence” (Benenson 21). There are a number of signifi cant qualifi cations in this initial formulation which serve to distinguish the POC from the older (and much wider) conception of the political prisoner. The fi rst notable limiting condition

The emergence of Amnesty International (AI) in 1961, and the new concept, the “prisoner of conscience” (POC), occupy important positions in post-1960 formations of nongovernmental modes of international political activism. A close look at the historical context within which Amnesty emerged and how the founders wrestled with the relative mis- or non-use of human rights from 1948 to 1960 may tell us a great deal about how and why human rights has subsequently become a formidable discourse in the post-World War II construction of what Edward Said refers to as a ‘new universality’:

Constructing a ‘new universality’ has preoccupied various international authorities since World War II. Milestones are of course the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the Geneva Conventions, and an impressive battery of protocols for the treatment of refugees, minorities, prisoners, workers, children, students, and women. […] In addition, a wide range of nongovernmental national and international agencies like Amnesty, the Organization for Human Rights, and the Human Rights Watch committees monitor and publicize human rights abuses. (55)

It is neither insignifi cant nor incidental to Amnesty’s success as an organization that its fi rst political category of intervention was the “prisoner of conscience.” This term did not appear in the 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Since AI’s initial campaign of the eight forgotten prisoners, more than 40,000 prisoners of conscience have been adopted by the organization. Thus Amnesty’s early focus on the prisoner of conscience has only expanded over its 50-odd year history and it continues to constitute the core of its operation despite the exceptional growth of the organization and the frequent refashioning of its mandate.

‘Prisoners of Conscience’ and AI’s Non-Violent Stance: Redefi ning HR Activism and the Universality of Human Rights

Keshab Sigdel*

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is that of “expression” whereby the prisoner of conscience is conceived as someone whose “speech” or “voice” is the mode of action for which they have been physically restrained. This limiting condition privileging the voice is further delimited by requiring that the content of the persecuted speech “not advocate or condone personal violence.”

But there arises an ethical question when the question of the unconditional terms of the “non-violence” clause appeared to necessitate the disqualifi cation of a previously adopted prisoner of conscience: South African activist, Nelson Mandela. Mandela had been unanimously conferred prisoner of conscience status in 1962. At that time, Mandela was in Pretorica Central Prison (South Africa) serving fi ve years on charges of “incitement to strike” and “leaving the country without a valid permit” (Mandela 163). As a strike organizer, fi ghting against the brutalities of the racist white South African regime, Mandela qualifi ed as a subject worthy of human rights defense and received Amnesty’s support. But in 1964, all of this changed when Mandela delivered a public statement before the court explaining why he and his fellow resistance fi ghters had decided to use violence to overthrow the racist, South African state.

While still serving his initial sentence, Mandela was convicted along with eight other men on charges of “sabotage and conspiracy to overthrow the Government by revolution” and “by assisting an armed invasion of South Africa by foreign troops” (Mandela 162). Mandela’s speech on April 20, 1964 opened the case for the defense. He did not plead his, or his co-conspirators, innocence: “some of the things so far told to the Court are true and some are untrue. I do not, however, deny that I planned sabotage” (168). With the “admission of guilt” clearly made, Mandela’s speech before the court became a historical treatise on the necessity for armed struggle in the contemporary context of the Republic of South Africa. Moreover, his account was a defense of the ethicality of using violence

as a strategic method—and when, where, and under what conditions such strategic actions might be deemed both necessary and morally justifi able.

The question of violence occupied the center of Mandela’s statement from the dock, but it was not the question which he and his anti-apartheid comrades had preferred to confront. Rather, he contended, it was a question which was imposed upon them after years of non-violent struggle: ‘I did not plan [sabotage] in a spirit of recklessness, nor because I have any love of violence. I planned it as a result of a calm and sober assessment of the political situation that had arisen after many years of tyranny, exploitation, and oppression of my people by the Whites”(163). Mandela was (expectedly) sentenced to life imprisonment, as were seven others. And despite his claim that the UDHR should serve as the moral basis for legitimate revolutionary action against the Apartheid state, Amnesty International’s leadership now had a dilemma on its hands: a prisoner of conscience who advocated the use of violence. After a heavily contested internal debate, Amnesty International decided to drop Mandela as a Prisoner of Conscience

Amnesty tried to articulate a new consensus politic, “far wider” in the words of founder Peter Benenson, “than that of Western civilization” (21). Such a consensus could not, however, rely upon any existing political framework, insofar as all available models, including the international institutions of the 20th century (most notably the League of Nations and the United Nations), were seen to be deeply inscribed in a Westphalian vision of the world: upholding the supremacy and sovereignty of States. Instead, human rights activists believed that they needed to build a new consensus politics by promulgating a radical break with the statism of the past. They had to eliminate the old world, and the habits of the old. In the words of Helen Bamber, “this was an important moment in the emergence of a new political sensibility, demanding a minimal space for the voice and

25

the body”(cited in Belton 160). Something of this modus operandi to break with the past was at work in, for example, the organization’s initial selection of POCs, drawn as they were from fi rst, second and third world nations, as well as from capitalist, communist and socialist states.

It seems that there were two different conceptions and practices of ‘consensus’ operative in Amnesty’s new political program. On the other hand, Amnesty claimed a consensus politic which involved the process of seeking and coming to general agreement amongst various groups or parties. This form was believed to be the manner in which the UDHR had been drafted and pertained primarily to the principles of human rights themselves as found in the Declaration. The principles encoded in the Declaration were to be (re)activated in minimalist (even ‘pre-political’) terms, on unassailable grounds, and in ways to which everyone could agree. The consensus building, through the category of the ‘POC’ was intended to rely heavily on the basis of a common feeling that cuts across ideological differences and confl icts.

On the other hand, a second sense of consensus politics was also at work in the practice of Amnesty. This second form involves what Raymond Williams has called the negative form of consensus politics, whereby ‘consensus’ means “a policy of avoiding or evading differences or divisions of opinion in an attempt to secure the center’ or ‘occupy the middle ground’”. Such a practice, Williams argues, not only constitutes a “deliberate evasion of basic confl icts of principle” but also institutes a “process in which certain issues [are] effectively excluded from political argument” (77). This version of consensus politics seems apropos to the organizational form of Amnesty International, insofar as it was guided by the strictest principles of non-partisanship, neutrality, objectivity and empiricism.

Despite the historic energies driving decolonization forward, Amnesty International

sought to cultivate a different form of political action and politics. Amnesty aligned themselves with the anti-revolutionary consensus of the “new universality.” But interestingly, like decolonization, NGO human rights has an antagonistic relation to the State, however, adherence to the principle of non-violence undercuts any force in this position as it insists on the supremacy of law.

The coming into being of the prisoner of conscience with the public announcement by Amnesty’s founders, marked the emergence of a new rights-bearing subject critical to the constitution of an international consensus which more and more nation-states have been willing to sign onto. The increasing willingness to countenance the validity of the POC and other human rights categories as part of the normative architecture of world order derives from the presumption that it comes as a relatively inexpensive part of a neo-Westphalian deal in which select rights are acknowledged in return for respect for sovereignty.

Works CitedBelton, Neil. The Good Listener: Helen

Bamber, A Life Against Cruelty. New York: Pantheon, 1998.

Benenson, Peter. “The Forgotten Prisoners.” The Observer (London), Sunday, May 28, 1961.

Kaufman, Edy. “Prisoners of Conscience: The Shaping of a New Human Rights Concept.” Human Rights Quarterly 13 (1991): 340.

Mandela, Nelson. No Easy Walk to Freedom: In His Own Words. London: Heinemann, 1965.

Said, Edward. “Nationalism, Human Rights, and Interpretation.” Raritan. Winter 12:3 (1993): 26-52.

Williams, Raymond. Keywords: A Vocabulary of Culture and Society. (Revised Edition). New York: Oxford UP, 1985.

(*The writer is an academician and a right activist associated with Amnesty International Nepal.)

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27

in enriching themselves. We all must fi ght corruption in Nepal, it is diffi cult but it can be done. The only way is to develop a culture that rejects corruption. The fi rst step to fi ght corruption is that the buck stops at the table of the leadership. Our leaders must be decisive and should not be shameful enough to quit when found corrupt. There is no shame in quitting but there is a lot of shame in trying to stay in power after having failed. If our leaders are successful in theirs rejection of corruption, it is most likely that our leaders would be a respected and strong leader. Our leaders would then be able to campaign against corruption by tackling his family, supporters and friends, those are found wanting. Most of our leaders have very good intentions (I hope) for Nepal and they state those intentions very clear in their elections’ campaign speeches but once they get to power, they “refuse” to recognize what is happening around them. They become blinded by power and tend to abuse the same very people who put them there. The “I don’t care” attitude comes in once they get to power. Past leaders who were in power did not do it so I am not going to be the fi rst one to do it, and often turn dictators and tend to punish those who criticize them. This is the on-going trend in our country. Is it that we, don’t know how to pick good leaders or Is it that the good leaders we pick don’t do as they promise? Exploitation, Corruption and Domination are the main problems of Bad Leadership in Nepal.

We all know that our country, Nepal is poor because of bad leadership and corruption. Now the real time has come for Educated Nepali youths to take over and bring the change in Nepal, New Nepal of 21st century. But our top leaders are really pledging to bring a change in Nepali Politics through opening the doors of politics for the youth, who dare to eradicate corruption from Nepal and there by restoring the dignity of politics?

The current nepali politics is engulfed in corruption and confusion. To bring a change, which we need and we can, youth must be given a chance freely without any domination/direction by “old lions” and re-establish the real spirit of democracy.

I think “Leadership” is action, not position. We need youth leaders who are willing to question the foundation of ideas and assumptions that many people live with, and are courageous enough to empower those who don’t have hope in themselves or in the country’s future. Our old leaders must empower and enlighten youths and give them the resources and support to make a change in their life. Our youths are losing hope and faith in our country and are going abroad for a “better and easy life” than our own motherland. Our so called “LEADERS” must have faith and the commitment to build our Nepal, a better place to live in atleast securely & peacefully. When leaders have no sense of shame and their greed overcomes their better judgment, corruption just cannot be stopped. When our leaders become ministers in the government, they will know there would be opportunities for making easy money. Such leaders would not be interested in providing a good and clean administration. They would be interested only

Exploitation, Corruption and Domination are the main problems of Bad Leadership in Nepal

Somnath Ghimire, New York, USA

28

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dfgj clwsfƒ eg]sf] ;Eotfsf] pTs[i6 pkxfƒ xf] . htL htL ;Eotf klƒis[t x'Fb} uPsf] 5 Tolt dfgj clwsfƒsf] ;+ƒIf0f ƒ k|j4{g pRr k|fyldstf aGg' kg]{ dfGotf klg ‚yflkt x'Fb} uPsf] 5 . dfgj clwsfƒ eg]sf] tL clwsfƒx¿ x'g† h;nfO{ xƒ]s JolQmn] pkef]u ug]{ clwsfƒ ƒfVb5 ƒ To‚tf clwsfƒx¿ ;bf ;+ƒlIft ulƒg' kb{5 . dfgj clwsfƒ ƒfli6«otf, lnª†u, hftLo pTklQ, ƒË, wd{, efiff jf cGo s'g} ‚tƒsf] e]befjljgf ;a}nfO{ lagf ƒf]s6f]s pkef]usf] clwsfƒ 5 . o;}uƒL dfgj clwsfƒnfO{ ljZjJofkL ƒ cxƒ0fLo dflgG5 . dfgj clwsfƒnfO{ k|ltlalDjt ug]{ b‚tfj]hsf] ?kdf ;+ljwfgnfO{ lng] ulƒG5 ƒ ;+ljwfg cfkm}Fdf d"n sfg'g ePsfn] ;+ljwfgsf] df}lns xs v08df dfgj clwsfƒx¿ pNn]v uƒL gfulƒssf] dfgj clwsfƒ ;'lglZrt ulƒg] k|rng ljZjeƒ ƒx]sf]5 . dfgj clwsfƒsf] k"0f{ k|Tofe"lt ƒ k|rngsf] nflu o;sf] pNn]v ;+ljwfgdf x'g cklƒxfo{ 5 ƒ ;+ljwfgx¿n] dfgj clwsfƒsf] k|Tofe"lt ub}{ klg cfO{ƒx]sf 5g† .

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k|rng uƒfpg ;+ljwfgdf g} ls6fgLk"j{s n]vgsf] sfo{ x'g ;s]df dfgj clwsfƒsf] ;'lglZrtf ƒ k|rngsf] lgldQ cfd g]kfnL gfulƒsnfO{ dfgj clwsfƒsf] k"0f{ k|of]udf yk an k'Ub5 . b08 ƒ ;hfoFsf] nflu dfq yk gofF sfg'g agfpg ;lsg] tƒ df}lns xssf] g} k|rngsf] nflu gofF sfg'g agfpg' kg]{ Joj‚yfx¿ ca aGg] ;+ljwfgdf ƒflvg' x'Fb}g .

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d'n'sdf zflGt ;'ƒIffsf] l‚ylt ;fob Oltxf;d} ;a}eGbf vƒfa ePsf] 5„ dGqL lgo'Qm ePs} lbg v's'ƒL k|xfƒ x'G5, h]nleq} aGbLnfO{ uf]nL xfgL xTof k|of; ulƒG5, b"tfjf;sf] sd{rfƒLnfO{ lbg bxf8} uf]nL xflgG5, u'l8ƒx]sf] uf8Ldf ad k|xfƒ eOƒx]sf] 5, JofkfƒLx¿ lgƒGtƒ dflƒOƒx]sf 5g†, afnaflnsfx¿sf] ckxƒ0fkl5 xTof eOƒx]sf] 5, pBf]u, snsfƒvfgf aGbsf] cj‚yfdf 5g†, b}lgs pkef]Uo j‚t'sf] xfxfsfƒ 5, e|i6frfƒ df}nfOƒx]sf] 5„ o‚tf] cj‚yfdf;d]t xfd|f g]tfx¿ ƒfi6« ƒ hgtfk|lt lhDd]jfƒ ePgg†„ zflGt ƒ ;+ljwfgh‚tf] d"n ljifodf;d]t ;xdlt h'6fpg ;s]gg†„ åGå kLl8tx¿sf] kL8f h‚tfsf] t‚t} 5, åGå Joj‚yfkg ug]{tkm{ vf;} rf;f] ƒx]sf] kfOb}g„ ctM @)^* h]7 !$ leq gofF ;+ljwfg hfƒL ePg eg] d'n'sn] 7"nf ƒfhgLlts Iflt Joxf]g'{kg]{ l‚ylt l;h{gf x'g ;Sb5„ o;tkm{ ;dod} ;a}n] OdfGbfƒLk"j{s ;f]Rg h?ƒL 5„ ƒfhgLlts lgsf;sf nflu gfulƒs ;dfhn] lgƒGtƒ yk bafj l;h{gf ug'{kb{5„

g]kfnL hgtfsf] ;f]emf]kgsf] kmfObf p7fpFb} ƒfhgLlts bn ƒ ltgsf g]tfx¿n] lgƒGtƒ hgtfnfO{ em'Sofpg] sfo{ ub}{ cfPsf 5g†„ rfx] ƒf0ff zf;g kmfNg] cfGbf]ng xf];†, rfx] ƒfhf kmfNg] cfGbf]ng„ g]kfnL hgtfn] ;w}+ ;fy lbFb} cfPsf 5g†„ @)$^ ;fnsf] P]ltxfl;s hgcfGbf]ngn] PstGqLo k~rfotL Joj‚yfsf] cGTo uƒL lgƒª†s'z ƒfhfnfO{ ;+j}wflgs agfof] eg] !) jif]{ dfcf]jfbL ;z‚q åGåkl5 @)^@÷)^# sf] hgcfGbf]ngn] nfdf] Oltxf; af]s]sf] ƒfh;+‚yfs} cGTo uƒL d'n'sdf ;ª†3Lo nf]stflGqs u0ftGq;d]t ‚yfkgf u¥of]„ @)^$ ;fn r}q @* ut] ;DkGg ;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rgdf dtbfg ug{ cfPsf tdfd g]kfnLsf] d'xfƒdf cfzfsf] lsƒ0f 5fPsf] lyof]„ ;+ljwfg;efsf] u7gkZrft† b]zn] dfgj clwsfƒd}qL ;+ljwfg kfpnf, hgtfn] nf]stGqsf] k|ltkmn kfpnfg†, zflGt, ;'ƒIff, ljsf;, ljlwsf] zf;g ‚yfkgf xf]nf eGg]df g]kfnL dfq xf]Og, g]kfnsf] enf] rfxg] ljb]zL ldqx¿sf] klg ljZjf; lyof] tƒ ;+ljwfg;ef lgjf{rgsf] ljlw lgwf{ƒ0fb]lv g} bnsf zLif{ g]tfb]lv ;lqmo sfo{stf{;DdnfO{ ƒf]hufƒLsf] Joj‚yf ug]{ s;ƒt ;'? eof], kmn‚j?k g]kfnh‚tf] ;fgf] ƒ uƒLa d'n'ssf] ;+ljwfg n]Vg] ;+ljwfg;efdf ^)! ;ef;b† ƒxg] Joj‚yf ulƒof]„ h'g d'n'ssf] nflu 7"nf] r'gf}tL g} lyof]„ !) jif]{ lx+;fTds åGåaf6 yfs]sf g]kfnLn] d'n'sdf zflGt ‚yfkgf x'g] cfzf ƒ eƒf];f ƒfv]sf lyP„ b'O{ jif{leqdf ;+ljwfg aGg' kb{Yof] tƒ ;f] ;doleq ;+ljwfgsf] d"n dd{, efjgf ƒ ?kƒ]vf;d]t to x'g ;s]g cyf{t† ;+ljwfgsf] d‚of}bf g} aGg ;s]g„ kmn‚j?k cg]s gf6s dGrg uƒL b'lgofFnfO{ x;fpg] sfd @)^& h]7 !$ ut] ƒftsf] !@ ah] cfˆgf] hfuLƒ cfkm}Fn] tfnL lk6]ƒ dWoƒftdf Ps jif{sf nflu eGb} Dofb ydf}lt uƒ]„ of] ! jif{ leqdf t ;+ljwfg aGnf eGg] lyof] tƒ ƒfhgLlts bnx¿aLr b]lvPsf] ;Qf df]x ƒ v'§f tfGg] k|j[lQs} sfƒ0f lgwf{lƒt ;dodf ;+ljwfg aGg]df Jofks cfzª†sf pTkGg ePsf] 5„ k|wfgdGqL emngfy vgfnn] afƒDafƒ ;+ljwfg hfƒL geO{ ;+ljwfg;efsf] Dofb ;lsb}g eGg yfn]kl5 yk cfzª†sf pTkGg ePsf] 5„ bnsf g]tfx¿n] hgtfnfO{ wf]sf lbP„

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nf]stflGqs ƒfhgLlts Joj‚yfsf] ljz]iftf eg]s} zf;g Joj‚yfdf ;dfj]zL dfGotfsf] cfwfƒdf ;a}sf] ;dfg'kflts k|ltlglwTj x'g' xf] . nf]stflGqs Joj‚yfsf] d"n nIo g} ƒfli6«o hLjgsf ;a} If]qdf Gofok"0f{ k4ltsf] lgdf{0f xf] . o;}uƒL cfdhgtfnfO{ zf;g Joj‚yfdf clwsflws dfqfdf ;lDdlnt x'g] cj;ƒ h'6fO{ nf]stGqsf] nfesf] pkof]u ug{ ;Sg] jftfjƒ0f l;h{gf ug'{ xf] . nf]stGqsf] ;kmntf ƒ ;+‚yfut ljsf; To; cj‚yfdf x'G5, hxfF ;dfhsf ;a} If]qsf] ;dfg ƒ Gofof]lrt lsl;dn] ƒfHoJoj‚yfdf ;xeflutf uƒfOPsf] x'G5 . ƒfHoJoj‚yfdf ;a}sf] ;dfg lx‚;f ƒ ;xeflutfsf] cjwfƒ0ffnfO{ hLjGt t'Nofpg ;lsPdf g} ;dfh ljb|f]x, ljv08g ƒ åGåh‚tf ;d‚ofaf6 d'Qm eO{ ƒfHoJoj‚yfk|lt cfdgfulƒssf] ljZjf; ƒ eƒf];f x'G5 . cfkm"nfO{ nfu" x'g] sfg'g hgtfn] cfkm}Fn] agfPsf] cg'd"lt hgtfn] ug{ ;Sg'kb{5 . sfg'g eg]s} hgtfsf] OR5fsf] cleJolQm xf] . cfw'lgs ƒfHoJoj‚yf JolQmaf6 xf]Og, ljlwaf6 ;~rflnt x'G5 eGg] s'ƒfsf] cg'e"ltsf nflu klg ƒfHoJoj‚yfsf cfdgfulƒssf]

k|ltlglwTj ePsf] cg'ej ug{ ;lsg] k|0ffnL h?ƒL x'G5 . ƒfHosf] gLlt lgdf{0f, sfg'gsf] th"{df ƒ ƒfHosf lqmofsnfkx¿ hgtfs} rfxgf ƒ O{R5fadf]lhd ePsf 5g† eGg] ljZjf;sf lglDt klg hgtfsf] Jofks ;xeflutf clgjfo{ x'G5g† .

o;y{ nf]stflGqs ƒfHoJoj‚yfsf] ;+‚yfut ljsf;sf lgldQ dw]zL dlxnfx¿sf] ;jf{ËL0f ljsf;sf] nflu If]qLo, hftLo, eflifs lje]bnufot ;fdflhs, ;f+‚s[lts, cfly{s, z}lIfs ƒ ƒfhgLlts k5f}6]kgnfO{ cGTo ug'{ cfhsf] d'Vo cfjZostf ƒx]sf] 5 . ;fy} ƒfHo ;+oGqnufot gLlt lgdf{0f ug]{ xƒ]s lgsfox¿df dw]zL dlxnfsf] hftLo÷juL{o hg;ª†Vofsf] cg'kftdf k|ltlglwTj ug'{kb{5 . o;}uƒL dw]zsf xƒ]s efiffefifL dlxnfn] cf–cfˆgf] efiff ;dfg¿kn] ƒ ‚jtGqtfk"j{s k|of]u ug]{ clwsfƒ ;fsfƒ kfg]{ p2]Zon] h'g 7fpFdf h'g hflt ;d"x dlxnfsf] afx'Notf 5, To; hflt ;d"xsf] efiffnfO{ ‚yfgLo cf}krflƒs efiff cyjf ;ƒsfƒL sfdsfh efiffsf] ¿kdf dfGotf lbOg'kb{5 . ƒf]hufƒL, k}t[s ;DklQ, ;dfg d"Nosf] sfdsf] nflu ;dfg Hofnfnufot cfly{s clwsfƒx¿ ;'lglZrt ulƒg'kb{5 . cGtlƒd ;+ljwfg, @)^# df pNn]lvt ljb]zL dlxnfsf] xsdf gfulƒstf;DaGwL ƒx]sf] !% jif]{ k|fjwfg x6fO{ ljjfx ePsf] nuQ} klt jf kTgLsf] klxrfgaf6 ‚j]lR5s ¿kdf gfulƒstf lng kfpg] Joj‚yf x'g'kb{5 . dlxnflj?4 x'g] ;a} k|sfƒsf k"jf{u|x, k|yf, kƒDkƒf tyf s'ƒLlt, s';+‚sfƒ ƒ cEof;x¿lj?4sf] xssf] k|fjwfg ƒflvg'kb{5 . To;}uƒL hg;ª†Vofsf] cfwfƒdf ;dfg'kflts tyf ;dfj]zL l;4fGtcg';fƒ s]Gb|, k|fGt ƒ ‚yfgLo lgsfox¿df dw]zL dlxnfsf] %) k|ltzt clgjfo{ k|ltlglwTj ƒ ;xeflutf uƒfpg] k|fjwfg ƒflvg'kb{5 . ;ƒsfƒL sfdsfhnufot ;Dk"0f{ ;fj{hlgs If]qdf k|of]u x'g] lnvtdf afa'sf] gfd n]Vg'kg]{ ‚yfgdf cfdfsf] gfd n]]Vg'kg]{ k|fjwfg ƒflvg'kb{5 .

33

c+zsf ] clwsfƒ, lzIf f , ‚jf‚Yo ƒ ƒf]hufƒLdf ljz]if clwsfƒ, klxrfgsf] clwsfƒ, bfDkTo hLjgdf dlxnfsf] ;dfg clwsfƒ, dlxnfnfO{ dlxnf ePs} sfƒ0fn] s'g} klg k|sfƒsf] e]befj x'g gkfpg] clwsfƒ cflb .

o;y{ pkƒf ]Qm ;jfnx¿nfO{ ;dfwfg ug{ lgDglnlvt tYox¿nfO{ ca aGg] ;+ljwfgdf clgjfo{¿kn] ;d]l6g'kg]{ cfjZostf ƒx]sf] 5 . � ;dfhdf ljBdfg wd{, k|yf, kƒDkƒf, ƒLlt jf

;+‚sfƒsf gfddf x'g] ;a} k|sfƒsf lje]b, c;dfgtf, zf]if0f ƒ cGofosf] cGTo x'g'kb{5 .

� dlxnfnfO{ ƒfHosf xƒ]s cª†udf ;dfj]zL ;dfg'kflts ;xeflutfsf nflu %) k|ltzt cfƒIf0fsf] Joj‚yf ulƒg'kb{5 .

� ljleGg ƒfhgLlts bnsf] sfo{sflƒ0fL cª†u tyf xƒ]s txdf dlxnfsf] ;dfg'kflts ;xeflutf ƒ k|ltlglwTjsf] k|fjwfg ƒflvg'kb{5 .

� afnljjfx, ax'ljjfx, ;a} k|sfƒsf zf]if0flj?4sf] clwsfƒ, ;DklQdf ;dfg clwsfƒ, ;dfg d"Nosf] sfddf ;dfg Hofnf;DaGwL k|fjwfg ƒflvg'kb{5 .

� g]kfnL cfdfaf6 g]kfnd} hGd eO{ g]kfnd} a;f]af; uƒ]sf tƒ afa'sf] klxrfg x'g g;s]sf] gfulƒsnfO{ j+zhsf] gfulƒstf k|bfg ug]{ Joj‚yf x''g'kb{5 .

� cfly{s clwsfƒdf dlxnfsf] ;dfg xs ‚yflkt ug]{ gLlt cjnDag ulƒg'kb{5 .

� dlxnfsf] klxrfg, dof{bf ƒ dfgjLotfdfly k|xfƒ ug]{ ;a}vfn] ljrfƒ, a]rlavg ƒ b]x Jofkfƒh‚tf s'ƒfnfO{ dfgj clwsfƒsf] h3Go pNnª†3gsf ¿kdf lnO{ o‚tf sfo{df ;+nUg JolQmnfO{ cfhLjg sfƒfjf;sf] ;hfo x'g] ;+j}wflgs Joj‚yf x''g'kb{5 .

g]kfn Ps ax'hftLo, ax'wfld{s ƒ ax';f+‚s[lts ƒfi6« xf] . ;a} hft, wd{, j0f{ ƒ lnª†usf] ;dfg ;+ƒIf0f ƒfHon] ug'{kg]{ eP klg dlxnfx¿ ;w}+ lglZrt d"No ƒ dfGotfx¿ cg';ƒ0f ug{ afWo ƒx]sf 5g† . ;fdGtjfbL tyf lkQ[;QfTds ;fdflhs–cfly{s Joj‚yf ƒ d"No dfGotfn] dlxnfnfO{ bf;L ƒ bf];|f] bhf{sf] gfulƒssf ¿kdf ‚yflkt u¥of] . ;fdflhs, ;f+‚s[lts cdgrog sfod ug]{ ƒ ;dfh ;~rfng ug]{ gfddf dlxnfnfO{ Ho"Fb} hnfpg] sfo{ ulƒof] . afFr]sfnfO{ ;f‚tL lbg s';+‚sfƒx¿sf] ljsf; ulƒof] . ;ltk|yf Oltxf;sf] Pp6f sfnf] wAaf lyof], h;df Pp6} k'?ifsf] gfddf w]ƒ} dlxnfx¿ Ho"Fb} hn]ƒ dƒ], dflƒP . bf;k|yfsf gfddf w]ƒ} dlxnfx¿ lx+;fsf lzsfƒ eP . clxn] klg b]zsf ljleGg efudf dlxnfnfO{ ljleGg lsl;dsf] cfƒf]k nufOG5 . slyt af]S;Lsf] cfƒf]kdf dlxnfnfO{ ljleGg lsl;dsf] oftgf lbPsf] ;'Gg kfOG5 . bfOhf] gNofPsf] cfƒf]kdf xTof, 3ƒaf6 wkfpg] 36gfx¿ klg ;'Gg kfOG5 . o;k|sfƒ k|frLg ;dob]lv g} dlxnfdfly x'g] uƒ]sf xTof, lx+;f, cdfgjLo Jojxfƒ clxn];Dd oyfjt g} 5 .

@)^@÷)^# sf] bf];|f] hgcfGbf]ngkZrft† d'n'sdf nf]stGq ‚yfkgf eP klg dlxnf d'lQmsf] nflu s'g} 7f]; P]g sfg'g aGg ;s]sf] 5}g . x'g t g]kfnsf] cGtlƒd ;+ljwfg, @)^# df df}lns xs cGtu{t efu # wfƒf @) df dlxnfsf] xssf] Joj‚yf uƒL lgDg rfƒ j6f clwsfƒx¿ Joj‚yf ulƒPsf] 5 . -s_ dlxnf ePs} sfƒ0faf6 dlxnfnfO{ e]befj gulƒg],-v_ dlxnfnfO{ k|hgg tyf k|hgg ‚jf‚Yosf] clwsfƒ x'g],-u_ s'g} klg dlxnflj?4 zfƒLlƒs, dfgl;s jf cGo s'g} klg k|sfƒsf] lx+;f gulƒg], ƒ-3_ k}t[s ;DklQdf 5f]ƒf ƒ 5f]ƒLnfO{ ;dfg xs x'g] .

tƒ olt dfq} xs clwsfƒx¿ dlxnfsf] nflu k"0f{ eg] 5}gg† . xfn dlxnf;Fu ;DalGwt lgDg ;jfnx¿ xfdL;fd" r'gf}tLsf ¿kdf ƒx]sf 5g† . j+zsf] clwsfƒ,

gofF ;+ljwfg / dlxnf– ;/:jtL sfkm\n]

af}4 cWoog s]Gb|Lo ljefu, sLlt{k'/

34

;fx;L aGg'xf];†, ;fx;L eO{ afFRg'xf];†, ƒQm kƒLIf0f ug'{xf];†, cfkm†gf] Pr=cfO{=eL= l‚ylt hfGg'xf];†

Be bold, live bold, Get tested and know your HIV status.

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www.kaspam.edu.np df Logon ug'{xf]nf„ -*cfhLjg ;b:o M /fli6«o dfjg clwsf/ k|lti7fg_

National Center for AIDS & STD Control (NCASC)

Phone No: 4261653, 4262753

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35

xf] . d"ntM h'g;'s} d"Nodf ƒfHo;Qf ƒ zf;g l6sfO ƒfVgsf] nflu ƒfHosf ljleGg ; +oGqx¿sf ] ‚j ]R5frfƒ L b'¿kof]u ubf{sf] cj‚yfdf bdg, xTof, anfTsfƒ dfgj clwsfƒsf] Jofks pNnª†3g, HofbtL ƒ dfgjtflj?4sf] ckƒfwdf tLa|tf cfpF5 . klƒ0ffd‚j¿k ljƒf]w, l+x+;f ljb|f]x, ƒ ;z‚q åGån] ljsf; x''g] cj;ƒ ToxL k[i7e"lddf kfpF5 . dlNns cfof]udf ;"rLs[t k~rfotsfndf dfgjtflj?4sf] ckƒfwdf ;+nUg s'Voft ckƒfwLx¿n] ckƒfw uƒ]jfkt b08 ;hfoFaf6 pGd'lQm kfPsf] sfƒ0f dfgjtflj?4sf] ckƒfw ƒ dfgj clwsfƒsf] pNnª†3gdf Jofkstf cfof] .

ckƒfwdf ;+nUg sltko s'Voft JolQmx¿nfO{ t 7"nf ƒfhgLlts bnx¿n] bnleq k|j]z uƒfO{ k|hftGqsf] hfdf;d]t klx¥ofO lbP . o‚tf sfo{df 7"nf bnx¿aLr c‚j‚y k|lt‚kwf{ g} rNof] . klƒ0ffdtM b08xLgtfsf] k|j[lQ ƒfHosf] ;+‚s[lt g} aGg k'Uof] . ax'bnLo k|hftGqsf] pQƒf4{df ltg} s'Voft ckƒfwLx¿g} ƒfHo;Qfsf] dflns aGg k'u] . kmntM @)%( c;f]]h !* sf] zfxL sbdkZrft† zfxL lgƒª†s'ztfn] cfˆgf] bdgsfƒL of]hgfsf] gd"gf k|bz{g u¥of] . @)^! df3 !( df t zfxL ;Qfn] cfˆgf] gfª†uf] ‚j¿k g} k|bz{g u¥of] . @)%( b]lv @)^# j}zfv !! ;Dd cfOk'Ubf zfxL ;Qfn] dfgj clwsfƒsf] xgg, xTof, anfTsfƒ ƒ j]kQfsf] 36gfdf ƒ]s8{ g} sfod u¥of] . h;sf] lzsfƒ dfcf]jfbLsf sfo{stf{x¿ dfq xf]Og cGo ƒfhgLlts bnsf sfo{stf{ ƒ cfd gfulƒsx¿;d]t x'g k'u] . o‚t} lgolt @)^@÷)^# sf] P]ltxfl;s nf]stflGqs cfGbf]ngkZrft\ ‚yflkt ƒfodfemL cfof]usf] k|ltj]bgn] Joxf]g'{ kƒ]sf] tLtf] ;To xfd|f] cufl8 ‚ki6 ƒx]sf] 5 . ƒdfOnf] s'ƒf t s] 5 eg] dlNns cfof]un] 8fd]sf w]ƒ}h;f] s'Voft ckƒfwLx¿ g} ƒfodfemL cfof]usf] dfgjtflj?4 ckƒfw ug]{ ;"rLdf

hgtfnfO{ clwsfƒ ;DkGg ug]{ p2]Zon] ;~rfng ulƒPsf] xƒ]s cfGbf]ngdf dfgj clwsfƒsf] ;jfn uDeLƒ ƒ dxìjk"0f{ ¿kdf p7g] ub{5 . tƒ cfGbf]ngsf] ;kmntf;Fu} dfgj clwsfƒsf] ;jfn k'gM cf]em]ndf kg]{ Oltxf; ƒ kƒDkƒf xfd|f] b]zsf] lgolt g} aGg k'u]sf] 5 .

@)$%÷)$^ sf] hgcfGbf]ngaf6 ax'bnLo k|hftflGqs Joj‚yfn] ‚yflkt uƒ]sf] g]kfn clwƒfHosf] ;+ljwfgdf dfgj clwsfƒsf] cfwfƒe"t d"No ƒ dfGotfnfO{ ;dfj]z uƒ] klg Jofjxflƒs ¿kdf eg] dfgj clwsfƒsf] l‚ylt pb]snfUbf] g} ƒXof] . g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_ n] ;~rfng uƒ]sf] !) jif{]{ ;z‚q hgo'4sf] k|efjn] d'n's xTof, lx+;f, anfTsfƒ, j]kQf, lj‚yflkt ƒ knfogh‚tf ;d‚ofaf6 cfqmfGt, czfGt ƒ cfly{s ¿kaf6 hh{ƒ aGb} uPsf] tYox¿n] klg ‚ki6 x'G5 . cem g]skf dfcf]jfbLsf] ;z‚q hgo'4sf] Ps bzs dfgj clwsfƒsf] b[li6sf]0fn] emg} sxfnL nfUbf] ƒXof] eGg]df s;}sf] klg kmƒs dt gxf]nf . åGås} sfƒ0f !$ xhfƒeGbf a9L gfuƒLsx¿n] hLjg u'dfpg' k¥of] eg] ƒfHo kIfjf6 dfq slƒj !% ;o gfuƒLsx¿ cem};Dd a]kQf kflƒPsf] ;"rLdf kƒ]sf 5g† . g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_ af6 j]kQf kflƒPsf gfulƒsx¿sf] afƒ]df s'g} n]vf hf]vf g} 5}g . åGåsf] qmddf g]kfn ljZjd} ;a}eGbf a9L ;~rfƒsdL{x¿nfO{ y'gfdf ƒfVg] ƒ gfuƒLsx¿ a]kQf kfg]{ d'n'ssf] ¿kdf kƒLlrt eof] . of] qmd zfxL zf;gsfn;Dd lgƒGtƒ hfƒL g} ƒXof] . dfgjtflj?4sf] ckƒfw ƒ dfgj clwsfƒdflysf] lgƒGtƒ k|xfƒsf] klƒ0flt b08xLgtfsf] ;+‚s[ltn] df}nfpg] cj;ƒ k|r"ƒ dfqfdf kfof] .

dflg;nfO{ ‚jtGq, ‚jfwLg, zflGt ƒ ;fj{ef}d ePƒ afFRgsf] nflu rflxg] cfjZos jftfjƒ0f ƒ klƒj]z g} dfgj clwsfƒ xf] . dfgj clwsfƒ ƒ zflGtsf] ;jfn Toltv]ƒsf] cj‚yfdf tTsfnLg ƒfHo Joj‚yfn] cª†uLsfƒ ug]{ gLlt ƒ sfo{qmd Jojxfƒdf eƒ kb{5 . tƒ dfgj clwsfƒ ƒ ‚yfoL zflGtsf] nflu b08xLgtfsf] ;+‚s[lt eg] d'Vo afwssf] ¿kdf b]vf kb{} cfPsf] 5 . PDg]i6L OG6ƒg];gnsf] cWoog cg';Gwfgaf6 1ft x'G5 ls ljZjsf ljleGg d'n'sdf eOƒx]sf] åGå ƒ lx+;fsf ljljw sfƒ0fx¿dWo] b08xLgtf klg Ps d'Vo sfƒ0f

nf]stflGqs u0ftGq g]kfndf dfgj clwsfƒ– k|bLk kf]v/]n

cWoIf, dfgj ljsf; tyf zflGt cleofg

36

;"rLs[t ePsf 5g\ . P]ltxfl;s hgcfGbf]ngsf] d"No, dfGotf ƒ hgefjgfljkƒLt zfxL ckƒfwLx¿nfO{ ljleGg gfddf rf]VofPƒ bnleq k|j]z uƒfpg] xf]8afhL clxn] klg hfƒL g} 5 . sltko cg'xfƒx¿ t 7"nf ƒfhgLlts kf6L{sf] s]Gb|Lo ;b‚o kbdf ljƒfhdfg 5g†† eg] sltko ;+ljwfg;efdfkm{t hgtfx¿nfO{ nf]stGq ƒ dfgj clwsfƒsf] kf7 l;sfOƒx]sf 5g\ . s] of] hgtfsf] alnbfgk|ltsf] pkxf; xf]O†g ƒ < b08xLgtfsf] of] ;+‚s[ltsf] cGTo guƒL g t dfgj clwsfƒ ;+‚s[ltsf] lgdf{0fsf] sNkgf ug{ ;lsG5 g t nf]stGqsf] ‚yfloTj ƒ ;+‚yfut ljsf; g} . otfltƒ ƒfHosf] Wofg uDeLƒtfk"j{s hfg' h?ƒL 5 .

g]kfnn] ;+o'Qm ƒfi6«;ª†3 dxf;efåfƒf k|ltkflbt slƒa @) j6f dfgj clwsfƒ;DaGwL cGtƒf{li6«o sfg'gx¿df x‚tfIfƒ uƒL k|lta4tf hgfO;s]sf] cj‚yf 5 . ;f]xL k|lta4tfcg';fƒ hgtfåfƒf lgdf{0f x'g uOƒx]sf] gofF ;+ljwfg dfgj clwsfƒsf] cGtƒf{li6«o d"No, dfGotfcg';fƒ lgdf{0f x'g'kb{5 eGg] cfwfƒe"t l;4fGt g} x'g† . oBlk g]kfnsf] cGtƒLd ;+ljwfg, @)^# n] sltko gofF s'ƒfx¿nfO{ ;dfj]z uƒ]sf] 5, h'g g]kfn clwƒfHosf] ;+ljwfg, @)$& df ;dfj]z lyPgg† . h‚tf] afnaflnsfsf] xs, dlxnfsf] xs, ;fdflhs ;'ƒIff tyf ƒf]hufƒLsf] xs, ‚jf‚Yosf] xs, lzIffsf] xs cflb . @)$& sf] ;+ljwfgsf w]ƒ} ljz]iftfx¿ Dffgj clwsfƒnfO{ ;+‚yfut ug]{ lbzftkm{ pGd"v lyP . To;}n] )$& sf] ;+ljwfgnfO{ tTsfnLg 7"nf7"nf bnx¿n] ljZjs} pTs[i6 ;+ljwfg klg eg]sf lyP . tƒ Jojxfƒdf eg] cGo clwsfƒsf] t s'ƒ} 5f8f}F k|hftGqsf] ;fdfGo d"No, dfGotfnfO{;d]t hu]gf{ ug{ ;s]g ƒ pTs[i6 eGg] g]tfx¿ g} ;+ljwfgsf] cfnf]rgf ug]{ ƒ hnfpg] sfo{ ug{ yfn] . o;}n] ca aGg] gofF ;+ljwfgn] ;lbof}Fb]lv dfgjLo tyf dfgj clwsfƒsf] b[li6sf]0faf6 alxisƒ0f ƒ cf]em]ndf kƒ]sfx¿sf] efjgfnfO{ lgDg¿kdf ;Daf]wg ug}{ kg]{ x'G5 M� ;dfgtfsf] clwsfƒleq dlxnf k'?ifsf] ;fy} t];|f]

lnª†uLsf] clwsfƒsf] afƒ]df pNn]v ulƒg'kb{5 . � e]befj gulƒg] eGg] l;4fGtdf lnª†usf] cfwfƒdf

t];|f] lnª†uL ƒ zfƒLlƒs ckfª†utf, b[li6ljxLg ePsf gfulƒsx¿ eGg] s'ƒf ‚ki6¿kdf pNn]v ug'{kb{5 .

� dlxnfx¿sf] k|hgg tyf of}lgs ‚jf‚Yosf] clwsfƒnfO{ df}lns xssf] l;4fGtdf ;dfj]z ulƒg'kb{5 .

� cNk;ª†Vosx¿sf] clwsfƒleq ;fdflhs, ;f++‚s[lts ƒ wfld{s cNk;ª†Vosx¿sf] clwsfƒsf] afƒ]df ‚ki6 ¿kdf pNn]v ulƒg'kb{5 .

� bnsf g]tf, sfo{stf{, pRrkb‚y ;+j}wflgs cª†usf kbflwsfƒLx¿n] g} ;+ljwfg P]g lgod ldlrƒx]sf] cj‚yfdf o‚tf lqmofsnfksf] lgoGq0f ug{ ;+j}wflgs cbfntsf] Joj‚yf ulƒg'kb{5 . clxn] ;ƒsfƒn] nf]stflGqs cfGbf]ngsf]

efjgf, lj‚t[t† zflGt ;Demf}tfsf cfwfƒe"t d"No, dfGotfnfO{ dxìjsf ;fy ;Daf]wg ug{ g;s]sf] ƒ hgefjgfcg'¿k rNg g;s]sf] cg'e"lt ;j{q ug{ yflnPsf] 5 . hgtfnfO{ clwsfƒ ;DkGg jgfpg] qmddf dfgj clwsfƒsf] ;+‚s[lt lgdf{0fk|lt ;Dj]bgzLn ƒ ljZj;gLotf lbnfpgsf] nflu ;ƒsfƒn] lgDg ;jfnx¿sf] sfof{Gjogdf ;lqmotf b]vfpg} kb{5 .� ;ƒsfƒ ƒ ƒfhgLlts bnx¿n] gofF ;+ljwfg

lgdf{0fsf] k|lqmofdf cfdgfulƒsx¿sf] ‚jtGq ;+nUgtf ƒ cfˆgf efjgfx¿nfO{ phfuƒ ug{ ;Sg] jftfjƒ0fsf] k|Tofe"ltsf] ;'lglZrttf lbnfpg'kb{5 .

� ;ƒsfƒn] ;To lg¿k0f tyf d]nldnfk cfof]usf] u7g ug{ tbf?stfsf ;fy sbd rfNg' kb{5 .

� ;z‚q åGåsf qmddf hah{‚tL a]kQf kflƒPsfx¿sf] jf‚tljstf phfuƒ ug{ a]kQf gful/s vf]hlag cfof]usf] :yfkgf ul/g'kb{5 .

� zflGt k|lqmofnfO{ lgƒGtƒtf lbg, ljutsf zflGt ;Demf}tfnfO{ sfof{Gjog ug{ ƒ hgtfn] k|fKt uƒ]sf clwsfƒx¿nfO{ ;+‚yfut ug{ ƒfli6«o zflGt ;ldltsf] u7g ulƒg'kb{5 .

� cGtƒf{li6«o kmf}hbfƒL cbfntsf] ljwfg (Rome Statute) nfO{ clanDj cg'df]bg ul/g'kb{5 . cGTodf g]kfnL hgtfn] cbDo ;fx; ƒ ƒlQmd

alnbfgaf6 k|fKt uƒ]sf] nf]stflGqs u0ftGqnfO{ ;+‚yfut ƒ ‚yfloTj k|bfg ug]{ k|lqmofdf ;a}sf] k|lta4tfsf] cfjZostf 5, sf]xL afws x'g'x'Fb}g . hgefjgflj?4 hfg] s'g} klg zlQmnfO{ kƒf‚t ug{ ;Sg] ;fx; ƒ an g]kfnL hgtfdf 5. t;y{ hgefjgfsf] sbƒ ub}{ nf]stGqnfO{ ;+‚yfut ug{ ƒ lbuf] zflGt ‚yfkgfy{ ;femf ;xdlt ƒ ;xsfo{ g} clxn]sf] Psdfq ljsNk xf] eGg] s'ƒfdf ;a}n] x[bob]lv dgg uƒf}+ . oxL k|of;df xfdL ;a}sf] sNof0f 5 .

37

;+ljwfg hfƒL ug]{ ;do 8]9 dlxgf dfq afFsL ƒx]sf] 5 . xfdL ;dod} ;+ljwfg hfƒL ug{ k|oTgzLn 5f}+. tƒ ;aeGbf klxn] Pg]skf -dfcf]jfbL_ n] ;xof]u ug'{k¥of], Tof] eOƒfv]sf] 5}g . lsgeg] b'O{ tLg k6s;Dd Pg]skf -dfcf]jfbL_ n] g} ;+ljwfg k|lqmof ;dfwfg ;ldltnfO{ lj36g u¥of] . tƒ klg xfdL zflGt k|lqmof k"ƒf uƒfPƒ ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f ;dod} ;DkGg x'g'kb{5 eGg]df hf]8 lbOƒx]sf 5f}+ ƒ o;df xfd|f] k|oTg hfƒL klg 5 .

csf]{ s'ƒf ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f gx'g] k|Zgdf clxn] g} cGbfh gulƒxfnf}F lsgeg] ljleGg klƒl‚yltx¿ xfd|f ;fd" 5g†, To;df xfdL uDeLƒtfk"j{s ;f]lrƒx]sf 5f}F .

;+ljwfg lgdf{0f x'gdf dnfO{ zª†sf g} nfluƒx]sf] 5 . lsgeg] ;+ljwfg lgdf{0fdf ljZj‚t x'g] s'g} cfwfƒx¿ b]lvb}g . zflGt k|lqmof / ;+ljwfg lgdf{0fsf] sfdnfO{ k"0f{tf lbg] dg;fo b]lv+b}g . clxn] ;Qf sAhf ug{sf lgldQ h‚tf];'s} xTs08f ckgfpg], ƒfli6«o ;xdltsf] ƒfli6«o ƒfhgLltnfO{ w|'jLsƒ0fltƒ nfg], d]nldnfk ƒ ;xdlt x'g glbg], zflGt k|lqmof k"ƒf gug]{, ;+ljwfg gn]Vg], ;Qfd'vL k|j[lQnfO{ 9fs5f]k uƒ]ƒ uha;Fu k|‚t't ug]{, cNdNofPƒ cfˆgf] b'gf] ;f]emfpg] k|j[lQx¿ anzfnL b]lvG5g† . To;sfƒ0f d'n's clxn] ljifd\ klƒl‚yltaf6 u'lh|ƒx]sf] 5 . ljZj‚t x'g] xf]Og ls, x'G5 eg]ƒ ljZj‚t x'g] eGbf klg x'Fb}g eg]ƒ a'‰g' kg]{ cj‚yf cfPsf] 5 . To;}n] ubf{ gful/sx¿ ;r]t x'g'kg]{ / bafj lbg'kg]{ cj:yf cfO;s]sf] 5 .

g]kfnL hgtfn] *) jif{b]lv ;r]t 9ª†un] ;ª†3if{ uƒ]sf 5g† . Tof] ;r]t ;ª†3if{sf] qmddf clxn] xfdL o; ;ª†qmd0fsfndf 5f}+ . of] ;r]t ;ª†3if{sf] klƒ0ffd‚j?k ;+ljwfg;ef ag]sf] 5 . ;+ljwfg;efn] g]kfnL hgtfnfO{ ;r]t agfPsf] xf]Og, ;ª†ul7t uƒ]sf] xf]Og ƒ k~rfot klg kmfn]sf] xf]Og, hals g]kfnL hgtfsf ;ª†3if{n] oL ;a} uƒ]sf x'g† . o;y{ clxn] h–h;n] h]–h] ;f]rsf 5g† . lng]x¿n] Tof] kfpg] 5}gg† . lsgeg] hgtf ;r]t 5g† .

s]= kL= zdf{ cf]nLjl/i7 g]tf

g]skf -Pdfn]_

df= /fdrGb| kf}8]n;+;bLo bnsf g]tfg]kfnL sfª\u];

38

d'n'sdf lbuf] zflGtsf] ‚yfkgf, nf]stGqsf] ;+‚yfut ;'b'l9sƒ0f ƒ gofF nf]stflGqs ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f ug]{ egL ;'? ulƒPsf] ƒfhgLlts ofqf clxn] ƒf]lsPsf] 5 . bf];|f], hgcfGbf]ngn] zflGt k|lqmof 6'ª†UofPƒ ;+ljwfg;efaf6 b'O{ jif{leq ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f ug{ lbPsf] DofG8]6 bnx¿n] k"ƒf ug{ ;s]gg† . k|d'v bnx¿sf] ;xdltdf ;+ljwfg;efsf] Dofb Ps jif{ ylkof] . ylkPsf] Ps jif{ ;lsg 8]9 dlxgf dfq afFsL ƒxFbf;Dd bnx¿ cfk;L ljjfb ƒ cGtƒsnxdf ?dlnƒx]sf 5g† . h;n] ubf{ d'n's clxn] cToGt} hl6n cj‚yfaf6 u'lh|ƒx]sf] 5 . ;+ljwfg ;dodf aG5 ls aGb}g eGg] ljleGg lsl;dsf cfzª†sfx¿ pTkGg eOƒx]sf 5g† . tƒ klg ;doleq} ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f ug]{ k|lta4tf g]tfx¿n] ƒl6ƒx]sf 5g† . olb g]tfx¿sf] ldnf]dtf]df ;+ljwfg hfƒL

eof] eg] Tof] ;+ljwfg cfdhgtfsf] ;+ljwfg aGg ;Sb}g . lsgeg] cfdhgtfsf] nflu aGg] ;+ljwfgdf xƒ]s hfthflt, efiffefifL ƒ If ]qsf ] efjgfnfO{ ;d]l6Psf] jf k|ltljDa ulƒPsf] x'G5 . hals To‚tf] lsl;dsf] ;+ljwfg aGgdf zª†sf nfluƒx]sf] 5 . o;ƒL cfdhgtfsf] lxt cg's"n ;+ljwfg ag]g jf hfƒL ePg eg] d'n'sdf cƒfhstf, xTof, lx+;f klxnfsf] eGbf klg rƒdf]Tsif{ cj‚yfdf k'Ug] l‚yltsf] l;h{gf x'G5 . d'n's stf hfnf, Tof] eGg ;lsb}g .

ƒ f h g L l ts bns f g]tfx¿df a9†b} uPsf] JolQmut tyf bnut ‚jfy{sf sfƒ0f d'n's clg0f{osf] aGbL ag]sf] 5 . b'O{ jif{leq ;+ljwfg n]vL;Sg' kg]{ lyof] tƒ hgfb]z ljkƒLt ylkPsf] Dofbdf klg ;+ljwfg aGg ;s]g eg] of] xfdL ;fƒf g]kfnLsf] nflu b'ef{Uo

g} xf] . jt{dfg d'n'ssf] ƒfhgLlts klƒj]znfO{ x]bf{ lgwf{lƒt ;dodf ;+ljwfg hfƒL xf]nf h‚tf] nfUb}g . olb lgwf{lƒt ;dodf ;+ljwfg hfƒL ePg eg] b]zdf ƒfhgLlts cGof}ntf l;h{gf x'g ;Sb5 . klƒ0ffd‚j?k g]kfnL hgtfsf] alnbfgLk"0f{ ;ª†3if{af6 k|fKt nf]stflGqs u0ftGq g} ;ª†s6df kg{ ;Sb5 . To;}n] ;a} ƒfhgLlts bn, g]tf ƒ ;fƒf g]kfnL Ps ePƒ ;d‚ofsf] ;dfwfg vf]lhg'kb{5 .

cfef ;]t' l;+xclwsf/sdL{, ;Kt/L

kf;fª tfdfª;fdflhs sfo{stf{

l;Gw'kfNrf]s

g]kfnL hgtfn] nf]stflGqs zlQmdf ljZjf; uƒ]sf 5g†„ cu|udgsf] kIfdf plePƒ cfˆgf hgk|ltlglwnfO{ ;fy lbFb} cfPsf 5g† tƒ g]tfx¿af6 k 6s– k 6s hg t f n f O { em'Sofpg], d"v{ agfpg] sfd ePsf] 5 . hgtf ;fd" uƒ]sf] k|lta4tf k"ƒf ug{ ;s]gg\„ ;+ljwfg;efsf] Dofb a9fpg] gfddf k6s–k6s ƒfHosf]ifaf6 ;'ljwf lng], b]zsf] 9's'6L n'6†g], ljb]z e|d0f ug]{, ƒfhwfgLdf uugr'DaL dxnx¿ agfPƒ ƒf0ffzf;g h‚t} cfkm" df]hd‚tL ljnf;L hLjg latfPƒ ;dodf ;+ljwfg agfpg ;s]gg† eg] b]zdf 7"nf] ƒfhgLlts ;ª†s6 pTkGg x'g]5 . To;}n] clxn]sf] d'Vo hgrfxgf eg]sf] ;+ljwfg agfpg'sf] ljsNk 5}g„ olb g]tfx¿n] hgtfk|lt cfkm"nfO{ pQƒbfoL 7fG5g† eg] nf]stflGqs u0ftGqfTds ;+ljwfgsf] 3f]if0ff ;doleq} ug'{k5{ . s'g} klg jxfgfdf ca ;+ljwfg;efsf] Dofb a9fOg' x'Fb}g cGoyf km]lƒ nf]stGqdf u|x0f nfUg]5„

kL= cf/= kGt;+of]hs– ;'b"/klZrdf~rn

hfu/0f cleofg

39

cfdgfulƒssf] b[li6sf]0faf6 x]bf{ clxn] xfdL cGof}ndf 5f} . slt;Dd o‚tf] cGof}ndf al;ƒxg] < lrGtf ƒ sf}t'xnsf ljifo ƒx]sf 5g† . ƒfhgLlt b]z ƒ hgtfsf lgldQ ulƒg' kg]{df g]tfx¿df a9b} uPsf] JolQmut tyf bnut ‚jfy{n] ubf{ d'n's clg0f{osf] aGbL aGg k'u]sf] 5 . g]tfx¿df ;Qf s]lGb|t df]xn] ubf{ ;+ljwfg lgdf{0fsf] sfd cf]em]ndf kƒ]sf] 5 . @)^* h]7 !$ glhs cfO;s]sf]n] ylkPsf] sfo{sfndf klg gofF ;+ljwfg 3f]if0ff eOxfNg] ck]Iff ug'{ lbjf‚jKg h‚tf] dfq x'g] b]lvG5 .

ƒfhgLlt zflGt, cdgrog ƒ ljsf;sf nflu x'g'kg]{df o;nfO{ ;w}F ;Qfs} nflu s]lGb|t t'NofO{ b]z ƒ hgtfnfO{ ƒfhgLltd} cNdNofPƒ nf]stGqs} cjd"Nog uƒ]sf] kfOG5 . g]tfx¿ ;xdlt, ;xsfo{

ƒ nf]stGq ƒ6†g] tƒ nf]stflGqs ;+‚sfƒ, cfrƒ0f tyf d"No ƒ dfGotfk|lt k|lta4 gePsf]n] ;dodf gofF ;+ljwfg galgƒx]sf] cj‚yf 5 . olb h]7 !$ ut]leq ;+ljwfg 3f]if0ff ePg eg] d'n's cƒfhstftkm{ ws]lnG5, rƒd ulƒaLsf] lzsfƒ aGg]5, h]–h] klg x'g;S5, h‚t} s]Gofdf clxn] eOƒx]sf] 5 . d'n's clxn] lbzfljxLg h‚tf] ePsf] 5 . hgdfg;df w}o{tf 36†b}5 . To;}n] g]tfx¿n] ;donfO{ ƒfd|f];Fu lgofNg ;Sg'kb{5 lsgeg] ;don] g} ;a} klƒkSj agfpF5 ƒ ;don] g} ljkmn klg agfpF5 . ;donfO{ Vofn ƒfv]g eg] ;don] g} d]6fpF5 klg .

;x k|f= 8f= ldng /Tg zfSoljefuLo k|d'v

af}4 cWoog s]Gb«Lo ljefu lq=lj= sLltk'/

d ' n ' s c l xn ] h l 6n klƒl‚yltaf6 u'lh|ƒx]sf] 5 . bnx¿ ;+ljwfg agfpg'eGbf k lg ;Qfsf ] nf lu dfq n l8ƒx ]s f ] b ] lv G5 tƒ ljutsf k|j[lQx¿ b]Vbf clGtd ;dodf h] s'ƒfsf] klg lg0f{o x'G5 g;lsg] ƒ c;Dej eg] s]xL klg 5}g . To;}n] xfdL eGg ;S5f}+ ls

b ] zs f ] j t { d f g ƒ f h g L l t s c j ‚ y f n f O { d " No fª †sg ub f { lgw f { l ƒt ;dodf ;+ljwfg hfƒL xf]nf h ‚ t f ] n f U b } g . x f ns f ] 6 ' 6 ƒ km '6sf ] ƒfhgLlts cj‚yfsf sfƒ0f

dgs'df/L nfdf;[li6 ;]jf ;dfh

sf7df8f}}F

d]gsf /fhe08f/L >]i7 ;x–k|fWofks Pj+ lqlj

;ef;b\, lqljlj

b]zdf ƒfhgLlts cl‚yƒtf cfpg ;Sb5 h‚tf] nfU5 . b]znfO{ cK7†ofƒf] cj‚yfaf6 arfpg gfulƒs ;dfh ƒ g]kfnL hgtf Ps ePƒ zflGt ƒ ljsf;sf nflu sfd ug'{kb{5 . xfd|f bn ƒ g]tfx¿ b]z ƒ hgtfk|lt lhDd]jfƒ gePsf sfƒ0f b]zn] zflGt ƒ ;+ljwfg kfpg ;lsƒx]sf] 5}g . of] xfdL ;a}sf] nflu b'ef{Uos} ljifo xf] .

lgwf{lƒt ;dodf ;+ljwfg aG5 ƒ aGg'kb{5 lsgeg] ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f uƒL hfƒL ug{ ;Sg'df g} b]z, hgtf tyf ƒfhgLlts bnx¿sf] sNof0f x'g] b]lvG5 . b]zdf lbuf] zflGt ‚yfkgfy{ ƒ ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f ug{s} nflu g]kfnL hgtfx¿n] nf]stGq Nofpg dxìjk"0f{ of]ubfg uƒ]sf 5g† . syd†sbflrt cfufdL h]7 !$ ;Dddf gofF ;+ljwfg 3f]if0ff x'g ;s]g eg] xfdLn] sNkgf g} guƒ]sf] l‚yltsf] l;h{gf x'g ;S5 . b]z vtƒfltƒ nlDsg] 5 ƒ xTof, lx+;f kƒfsfi7fdf k'Ug]5 .

40

g]kfn 6]lnsd kl/jf/

/fli6«o blnt cfof]u kl/jf/dWoafg]Zj/ yfkfufpF, ;xeflutf dfu{, sf7df8f}+, kmf]g– $$&##!& km\ofS; M $$&%(*(

hLjg kl/of/;b:o ;lrj

lah'ns'df/ ljZjsdf{ -b'nfn_cWoIf

Pjd\

sf7df8f}+ dxfgu/kflnsf kl/jf/

afub/af/, ;'Gwf/f, sf7df8f}+

sf7df8f}+ lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt

kl/jf/aaƒdxn, sf7df8f}F

ljBfw/ dlNns

cWoIf

g]kfn hg–k|zf;g ;+3Public Administration Association of Nepal (PAAN)

Estd. 1990

Jamal, Kathmandu, P.O.Box No‚ 10653, Phone: Fax No‚ +977-1-4255096Email: [email protected], [email protected], Website: paan.org.np

k'/fgf]afg]Zj/, sf7df8f}+, kmf]gM $$*@&!&

pk]lIft pTkLl8t / blnt ju{ pTyfg ljsf; ;ldlt kl/jf/

s[i0f axfb'/ la=s]= /;fOnLsfo{sf/L lgb]{zs

l8= aL= kl/of/pkfWoIf

Pj+

Everest Paper Mills Pvt. Ltd.Pyukha, Newroad, Kathmandu

P.O.B.: 2332, Phone: 4240934/35Fax: 01–4224565

HIGHLANDERTREKKING & EXPEDITIONS

P.O.Box: 10987, Thamel, Kathmandu, NepalTel: 01-4700563, 4700066, Fax: 01-4701889

Email: [email protected], Web: highlandernepal.com

41

cleofg ;dfrf/

^@cf}F ljZj dfgj clwsf/ lbj;–@)^&

v'n]ƒ af]nf}+, lje]b ƒf]sf}+ (Speek Up,Stop Discrimination)sfo{qmd ;~rfng uƒ]sf lyP eg] clwsf+z lhNnfdf dfgj clwsfƒ lbj; eJotfsf ;fy ;DkGg eP . dfgj clwsfƒ dxfe]nfsf] ;+of]hg dfgj clwsfƒ PnfoG;n] / ;lrjfnosf] lhDd]jf/L x'8]kn] uƒ]sf] lyof] . kbofqfsf] ;+of]hg u}ƒ;ƒsfƒL ;+‚yf dxf;ª†3n] uƒ]sf] lyof] . ;a}

sfo{qmddf ƒfli6«o dfgj clwsfƒ k|lti7fgsf] ;lqmo ;xeflutf ƒ ;+nUgtf ƒx]sf] lyof] . k|lti7fg dfgj clwsfƒ dxfe]nfsf] Ps ;b‚o ;+‚yf xf] . clwsf+z sfo{qmdsf jQmfx¿n] d'n'sdf ;ƒsfƒ u7g x'g g;s]sf], ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f cf]em]ndf kƒ]sf], b08xLgtfn] k|>o kfPsf], dfgj clwsfƒsf] l‚ylt gfh's x'Fb} uPsf]df lrGtf hfx]ƒ ub}{ tTsfn ƒfhgLlt ;xdltsf nflu bnx¿nfO{{ cfXjfg;d]t uƒ]sf lyP .

^@cf}F ljZj dfgj clwsfƒ lbj; ljZj eƒ dgfpg] l;nl;nfdf g]kfndf klg ljleGg sfo{qmdsf ;fy @)^& dª†l;ƒ @#, @$ ƒ @% ut] b]zeƒ ænf]stGq ƒ zflGtsf nflu ;fd"lxs P]Soa4tf M ;dod} dfgj clwsfƒd}qL ;+ljwfg ƒfli6«o k|lta4tfÆ eGg] gfƒfsf ;fy dgfOof] . sf7df8f}Fdf ;of}Fsf] ;ª†Vofdf dfgj clwsfƒ tyf ;fdflhs Gofosf] If]qdf sfo{ƒt ;ª†3, ;+‚yfx¿sf] ;fd"lxs kxn ƒ cfof]hgfdf sf7df8f}Fsf] j;Gtk'ƒdf dfgj clwsfƒ dxfe]nfsf ¿kdf tLg lbg;Dd dgfOof] . ƒfli6«o dfgj clwsfƒ cfof]usf cWoIf s]bfƒgfy pkfWofosf] k|d'v cfltYodf dª†l;ƒ @# ut] j;Gtk'ƒ 8anLdf sfo{qmdsf] pb†3f6g eof] eg] dª†l;ƒ @$ ut] a[xt† dfgj clwsfƒ kbofqfsf] cfof]hgf ulƒof] . dª†l;ƒ @% ut] dxfe]nfsf] ;dfkg j;Gtk'ƒ 8anLdf ulƒof] . pQm cj;ƒdf ;d;fdfoLs ljifo ;dfj]z ePsf] sf7df8f} 3f]if0ffkq hfƒL ulƒPsf] lyof] . @$ ut] laxfg zflGt ¥ofnLsf] pb†3f6g s]bfƒgfy pkfWofo, bdggfy 9'ª†ufgf ƒ kbdƒTg t'nfwƒn] ;+o'Qm ¿kdf ug'{ ePsf] lyof] . xhfƒf}+ zflGtsdL{x¿sf] afhfufhf;lxtsf] kbofqf zflGt afl6sfdf k'u]ƒ ;DkGg ePsf] lyof] .

@$ ut] ƒfli6«o dfgj clwsfƒ cfof]usf] cfof]hgfdf Ps sfo{qmd ;DkGg eof] . pQm sfo{qmddf dfgj clwsfƒ ;d'bfosf] ;lqmo ;xeflutf ƒx]sf] lyof] . tLg lbg;Dd ;~rfng ePsf] dfgj clwsfƒ lbj;sf cj;ƒdf bh{gf}+ ;fdflhs ;ª†3;+‚yfx¿n] ;ef, ;Dd]ng, cGtƒlqmofh‚tf

zflGt ¥ofnLsf] ;+o'Qm¿kdf pb\3f6g ub}{ /fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]usf cWoIf

s]bf/gfy pkfWofo, jl/i7 clwsf/sdL{ bdggfy 9'ª\ufgf / kbd\/Tg t'nfw/, j;Gtk'/ .

dx]Gb| -/fw]Zofd_ cjfn;~rfns

jfudtL O{6f l8kf]cgfdgu/, sf7df8f}F, df]= (*%!)$)#!!

u'0f:t/Lo O

{6f, /f]8f, af

n'jf tyf

lgdf{0f;DaGw

L ;fdu+|Lsf nflu

;bf ;dlk{t

42

b]zdf lbuf] zflGt ‚yfkgf ƒ ;dodf ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f ug{sf nflu ;ƒsfƒ, ƒfhgLlts bn ƒ ;ef;b†x¿;d]tnfO{ lhDd]jfƒ agfpg @)^* j}zfv ! ut] sf7df8f}Fdf gfulƒs zflGtofqf ;DkGg eof] .

tkfO{+ -;a} ;xefuL_ cfof]hs ePsf] zflGt ofqfsf] ;+of]hs jlƒi7 clwsfƒsdL{ Pj+ k"j{ ;efd'v bdggfy 9'ª†ufgf ƒx'gePsf] lyof] eg] clwsfƒsdL{x¿ ;'af]wƒfh Kofs'ƒ]n, rƒ0f k|;fO{, k|f= slkn >]i7, ‚6]nf tfdfª ƒ k|f= jLƒ]Gb| ld>nufotn] ;+of]hgsf] lhDd]jfƒL jxg ug'{ePsf] lyof] . g]kfnL sfª†u|]; ;+;bLo bnsf g]tf ƒfdrGb| kf}8]n, Pdfn]sf jlƒi7 g]tf s]kL zdf{ cf]nL;d]tsf] pkl‚ylt ƒx]sf] gfulƒs ofqf ƒfhwfgLsf] v'nfd~raf6 ;'? eO{ ƒTgkfs{, k'ƒfgf] a;kfs{, eb|sfnL, Go"ƒf]8 x'Fb} j;Gtk'ƒ 8anLdf k'u]ƒ sf]0f;efdf klƒ0ft ePsf] lyof] . ;+ljwfg lgdf{0fsf nflu zflGt, Wj+; ƒ lx+;flj?4 lgdf{0f ƒ ‚jtGqtfsf nflu zflGt, lgw{Ss eGg– ;'gfpg, ;'Gg ƒ u|x0f ug{ zflGtnufotsf gfƒf ofqfdf k|bz{g ulƒPsf lyP . sfo{qmdsf clwsf+z jQmfx¿n] tf]lsPsf] ;dodf ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f, xTof, lx+;fsf] cGTo, nf]stGqsf] ;+‚yfut ljsf; afƒ]df cf–cfˆgf wfƒ0ff ƒfv]sf lyP .

gfulƒs ofqfsf ;+of]hs bdggfy 9'ª†ufgf, Pdfn]sf g]tf s]= kL= zdf{ cf]nL, g]kfnL sfª†u|];sf g]tf 8f= ƒfdzƒ0f dxt, OG;]s cWoIf ;'af]wƒfh Kofs'ƒ]nn] tf]lsPsf] ;dodf ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f x'g'kg]{df hf]8 lbPsf lyP .

bdggfy 9'ª†ufgf M k"j{ ;efd'v tyf jl/i7 dfgjclwsf/sdL{ M clxn] ;Dk"0f{ g]kfnL hgtfsf] Pp6} dfq rfxgf ƒ sfdgf xf] lbuf] zflGt . hgtfn] gofF ;+ljwfg agfpg b'O{ jif{sf nflu hgfb]z lbPsf] lyof], k'gM ! jif{ ylkof] . ca 8]9 dlxgfdfq afFsL 5

cleofg ;dfrf/

gfulƒs zflGtofqf– @)^*

tƒ klg ;+ljwfg hfƒL x'g] ;Defjgf b]lvƒx]sf] 5}g . km]lƒ ;+ljwfg;efsf] Dofb ylkg] s;ƒt eOƒx]sf] ;'lgG5 . o;ƒL k6s–k6s ;+ljwfg;efsf] Dofb yKb} hfFbf b]zdf 7"nf] ;j{;Qfjfbsf] hGd x'g]5 . olb ;+ljwfg;efsf] Dofb yKg'kg]{ cj‚yf cfpF5 eg] ƒfhgLlts bnx¿n] lgjf{rgdf uPƒ tfhf hgfb]z lng'kg]{ b]lvG5 .

d'n'sdf clxn] zflGt ƒ ;'ƒIff 5}g† . zflGt ;ª†s6df kƒ]sf] 5 . k|To]s dflg; c;'ƒlIft 5g† . sf]xL klg ;'ƒlIft 5}gg† . g]tfx¿ ;Qfsf] nflu dfq nl8ƒx]sf 5g† . ;+ljwfg g]tfx¿nfO{ rflxPsf] 5}g .

hgtf k|Zg ub}{5g†, s;n] lbg] ;+ljwfg < ;+ljwfg;efn] of hgtfn] < hgtf ;r]t 5g† . hgtfnffO{ ;dod} ;+ljwfg rflxG5 lsgeg] b]zsf xƒ]s hfthflt, efiffefifL, If]q, ;d'bfosf] Pp6} rfxgf xf] gofF ;+ljwfg . oL rfxgfsf nflu g} hgtfn] nf]stGq NofPsf x'g† . clxn] klƒjt{gnfO{ cGtƒWj+; ug]{ sfd eOƒx]sf] 5 . xfdL klƒjt{gjfbLx¿ zflGtsfdL x'g ;S5f}+, lx+;fljƒf]wL x'g ;S5f} ƒ zflGt lgdf{0f uƒ]ƒ k'gM hgtfsf] gofF hgfb]z lnPƒ gofF g]kfn lgdf{0f ug{ ;S5f} . o;ƒL hgtfn] agfPsf] gofF ;+ljwfg / gofF ;ƒsfƒaf6 dfq lbuf] zflGt ;Dej 5 .

;Daf]wg ub}{ ;+of]hs bdggfy 9'Ëfgf

æ;+ljwfg;efsf] Dofb yKb} hfFbf b]zdf 7"nf] ;j{;Qfjfbsf] hGd x'g]5Æ – bdggfy 9'Ëfgf

43

s]=kL= zdf{ cf]nL M g]tf, g]skf -Pdfn]_ M d'n'ssf] ƒfhgLlts cj‚yf cToGt} tƒn ƒ ;ª†s6u|‚t cj‚yfdf 5 . d'n'sdf lhDd]jfƒ JolQm 5}g . zflGt ƒ ;''ƒIffsf] k|Tofe"lt 5}g . lbg bxf8} JofkfƒLsf] xTof x'G5, u'l8ƒx]sf] uf8Ldf cfqmd0f x'G5, s'6gLlts lgsfosf sd{rfƒLdfly cfqmd0f x'G5, ;ky vfg] dGqLdfly cfqmd0f x'G5 . o‚tf] cj‚yfdf ;j{;fwfƒ0f hgtf s;ƒL ;'ƒlIft x'G5g† < d'n'ssf] lhDd]jfƒ bnn] cg]s axfgfdf zflGt ;'ƒIffdf vnn k'¥ofO{ƒx]sf] 5 . ;+ljwfg agfpg'sf] cltlƒQm ;Qfs} nflu nl8ƒx]sf] 5 .

hgtf clxn] zflGt ƒ gofF ;+ljwfg rfxG5g† . zflGt ƒ gofF ;+ljwfg NofpgnfO{ g } hgtfn] ;+ljwfg;ef NofPsf x'g† . ctM ƒfhgLlts bnx¿n] ;xdlt ƒ ;xsfo{ uƒL lgwf{lƒt ;dodf ;+ljwfg hfƒL ug'{sf] ljsNk 5}g . ;fy} hgtfn] klg ;dodf ;+ljwfg hfƒL ug{ bafa lbg'kg]{ x'G5 .

8f= ƒfdzƒ0f dxt M g]tf, g]kfnL sfª†u|]; M d'n's ;ª†qmd0fsfnLg cj‚yfaf6 u'h|Fb} 5 . o;ƒL ;ª†qmd0fsfn nlDaFb} uP d'n'sdf cƒfhstf a9†b5 . hgtf gofF ;+ljwfg rfxG5g†, zflGt rfxG5g† . zflGt ljgf b]z ƒ hgtfsf] ljsf; c;Dej 5 . lsgeg] zflGt g} ljsf;sf] d"n cfwfƒ xf] . zflGt ‚yflkt ePg eg] d'n's ljWj+;ltƒ nlDsg]5 . ctM tf]lsPsf] ;dodf ;+ljwfg aGg'kb{5, clg dfq d'n's zflGt ƒ cfly{s ;d[l4sf] af6f]df lxF8†g ;S5 .

;'af]wƒfh Kofs'ƒ]n M cWoIf, OG;]s M d'n'sdf lbuf]

zflGtsf] ‚yfkgf, tf]lsPsf] ;dodf ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f ug{ ;ƒsfƒ tyf ƒfhgLlts bnx¿nfO{ bafa lbgsf] nflu ljleGg ;ª†3 ;+‚yf ƒ gfulƒs ;dfhsf] ;+o'Qm kxndf gofF jif{sf] k|yd lbg gfulƒs zflGtofqf–@)^* sf] cfof]hgf ulƒPsf] xf] . of] zflGtofqfdf d'n'ssf &# j6f lhNnfdf

ljleGg sfo{qmdsf ;fy cfof]hgf ulƒb}5 . cfhsf] of] zflGt ¥ofnLn] ;dod} gofF ;+ljwfg aGg]df Pp6f bafa ;d"xsf] cj‚yf l;h{gf uƒ]sf] 5 .

sfo{qmddf snfsfƒ dgf]h uh'ƒ]n, ab|L kª†u]gLn] zflGt ƒ ;+ljwfg;Fu ;DalGwt uLt ƒ k|x;g k|‚t't uƒ]sf lyP . xhfƒf}+ dflg;sf] ;xeflutf ƒx]sf] zflGtofqfdf ;of}+ ;fdflhs ;ª†3 ;+‚yfx¿sf] ;lqmo ;xeflutf ƒx]sf] lyof] eg] ƒfhgLlts bnsf g]tf Pj+ ltgsf e|ft[ ;ª†u7gx¿;d]t P]Soa4tf hgfpFb} ofqfdf ;xefuL ePsf lyP . /fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ k|lti7fg gful/s zflGt ofqfsf] cfof]hsdWo]sf] Ps ;+:yf xf] .

gful/s kbofqfsf ;xefuLx¿

Ms. Tsering NyimaKathmandu-6, Baudha

Phone- 4472201

Life Member: National Human Rights Foundation (HURFON)

BEST WISHES, On the auspicious occasion of New Year 2068 B.S. We extend our best wishes to all Nepalese people for their life

long happiness, peace and prosperity

44




Govt. Approved Manpower Recruiting Licence No. 83/053/54Basundhara, ID Card No 735

Tel: No. 0977-1-4359905, 4357256, 4385832, 4385829, Fax: +977-1-4353733/4386111

P O Box 15142, K.P.C. 283, Kathmandu,NepalE-mail: [email protected], [email protected]

Website: www.mobhiraoverseas.com(*Life Member: HURFON)

Mohanath Sharma*Managing Director

Mobhira Overseas Service Pvt. Ltd.HOTEL

VAJRAP.O.Box: 1084, Bijayshwori, SwoyambhuKathmandu, NepalPhone: 4271824, 4283386, 4283365 4284804, Hunting Line: 4271545Fax: 00977–1–4271695 Email: [email protected]: hotelvajra.com

Best Wishes for New Year-2068 B.S.

Wangyal NgocheBoudha, Kathmandu, Nepal, Cell: 9721407888

Life Member – National Human Rights Foundation (HURFON)

As long as human rights are violated there can be no foundation for peace. How can peace exist in a society where some members oppress their brothers and sisters and knowingly violate their fundamental human rights? How can peace grow where truth is not allowed to surface and speaking the truth is itself a crime ? The lasting peace cannot be established or prevailed without a strong foundation based on the existence of mutual benefi t of humanism, equal respect and understanding between or among the human being and world at a large.

We should develop an inner peace where the outer peace naturally exists and then lasting peace or the society based on peace can be created. If we develop, practice and spread these values, the fundamental issues regarding the obligation to protect and promote human rights can be achieved within the society and nation at a large.

The Mutual Existence of Peace and Human Rights for Humanity

45

cg'udg ;dfrf/

k|fƒDeb]lvg} PsLs[t g]skf dfcf]jfbLsf] Jofks ljƒf]wsf] ;fdgf ub}{ cfPsf k|wfgdGqL dfwjs'dfƒ g]kfnn] @)^& c;fƒ !^ ut] kbaf6 ƒfhLgfdf lbPkl5 gofF k|wfgdGqLsf nflu bnx¿aLr ;xdlt sfod gePsf sfƒ0f Joj‚yflksf ;+;b†df @)^& ;fpg % ut]af6 sflt{s !* ut];Dd !^ k6s ;DkGg lgjf{rgaf6 ;d]t b]zn] gofF k|wfgdGqL kfpg ;s]g .

dfcf]jfbLsf pDd]bjfƒ k'iksdn bfxfnn] cf7f}+ rƒ0fsf] lgjf{rg x'g} nfUbf c;f]h !) ut] ;xdltsf nflu eGb} pDd]bjfƒL lkmtf{ lnPkl5 k|wfgdGqL kbsf PSnf pDd]bjfƒ sfª†u|]; g]tf ƒfdrGb| kf}8]n ;f]x|f}+ k6s;Dd lgjf{rg nl8ƒx] . ;qf}+ rƒ0fsf] lgjf{rg sflt{s @* ut] tf]lsPsf] cj‚yfdf ;Ddflgt ;jf]{Rr cbfntaf6 k|wfgdGqL lgjf{rgnfO{{ ;fy{s ƒ klƒ0ffdd'vL agfpg sflt{s @$ ut] Joj‚yflksf ;+;b†nfO{{ cfb]z lbPkl5 lgwf{lƒt lgjf{rg ‚ylut ulƒof] eg] ;jf]{Rr cbfntsf] cfb]zadf]lhd k|wfgdGqL lgjf{rgdf ljwfosx¿ t6‚y a‚g gkfpg] cfb]z ;efd'vn] kf}if * ut] hfƒL ug'{ eof] . k|wfgdGqL kbsf PSnf pDd]bjfƒ ƒfdrGb| kf}8]nn] kf}if @( ut] pDd]bjfƒL lkmtf{ lnPkl5 gofF k|wfgdGqL lgjf{rgsf] 9f]sf v'Nof] .

bf];|f] rƒ0fsf] k|wfgdGqL rogdf;d]t bnx¿aLr ;xdlt h'6†g g;s]kl5 k|wfgdGqL kbsf nflu PsLs[t g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_ sf cWoIf Pj+ ;+;b†Lo bnsf g]tf k'iksdn bfxfn, g]skf -Pdfn]_ sf cWoIf Pj+ ;+;b†Lo bnsf g]tf emngfy vgfn, g]kfnL sfª†u|]; ;+;bLo bnsf g]tf ƒfdrGb« kf}8]n ƒ dw]zL hgclwsfƒ kmf]ƒd -nf]stflGqs_ sf cWoIf Pj+ ;+;bLo bnsf g]tf ljhos'dfƒ uR5fbfƒn] df3 !( ut] ;+;b† ;lrjfnodf pDd]bjfƒL btf{ uƒfP . df3 @) ut] ePsf] lgjf{rgaf6 #^* dt k|fKt uƒL Pdfn] pDd]bjfƒ emngfy vgfn k|wfgdGqLdf ljho x'g'eof] .

dfcf]jfbL pDd]bjfƒ bfxfnn] pDd]bjfƒL lkmtf{ lnPƒ vgfnnfO{{ ;3fpg' ePsf] lyof] . s"n dtbftf %%& dWo] ƒfdrGb| kf}8]nn] !@@, ljhos'dfƒ uR5fbfƒn]

^& dt kfPsf lyP . gj lgjf{lrt k|wfgdGqL vgfnn] df3 @# ut] ƒfi6««klt ;dIf kb tyf uf]klgotfsf] ;ky lnPƒ kbefƒ u|x0f ug'{ ePsf] lyof] . ;xdtLo ;ƒsfƒsf] jsfnt ub} { cfpg'ePsf Pdfn] cWoIf emngfy vgfnn] k|wfgdGqL x'gs} nflu cfˆg} kf6L{nfO{{;d]t 5ln dfcf]jfbL cWoIf k'iksdn bfxfn k|r08;Fu df3 @) ut] ug'{ ePsf] & a'Fb] uf]Ko ;xdltsf] kf6L{ leq ƒ aflxƒ rsf]{ ljƒf]w ePkl5 k'gM kmfu'g # ut] ;+zf]wg;lxtsf] bf];|f] # a'Fb] ;xdlt eof] . tƒ klg sfª†u|];nufotsf bnx¿n] pQm ;xdlt zflGt ƒ ;+ljwfgljƒf]wL, ;Qf sAhf ug]{ ƒ0fgLltsf ¿kdf lnPƒ lgƒGtƒ ljƒf]w ub}{ cfP . u[x dGqfno gkfPsf] emf]sdf dfcf]jfbL ;ƒsfƒdf guPkl5 cK7†ofƒf]df kƒ]sf k|wfgdGqL vgfnn] dfcf]jfbLnfO{{ h;f]t;f] ;Demfpg ;kmn eP . dfcf]jfbLn] kmfu'g !( ut] ;ƒsfƒdf hfg] lg0f{o uƒ]kl5 @) ut] g]tf s[i0faxfb'ƒ dxƒfsf] g]t[Tjdf dfcf]jfbL ;ƒsfƒdf uof] . dxƒf pkk|wfgdGqL ƒ ;"rgf tyf ;~rfƒ dGqLdf lgo'Qm eP . csf{ pkk|wfgdGqL tyf cy{dGqL Pdfn] g]tf eƒtdf]xg clwsfƒLn] cy{ ;lrjnfO{{ 5nL dGqfno aflxƒ} k"ƒs ah]6 agfpg yfn]sf] ƒ cfkm"n] yfn]sf e|i6frfƒlj?4sf cleofgdf dGqLåfƒf c;xof]u x'g yfn]sf] dx;'; uƒL cy{;lrj ƒfd]Zjƒ vgfn r}q !% ut] PSsf;L ƒfhLgfdf uƒL k'Vof}{nL 3ƒ kfNkf xflgg'eof] . ;Ifd Pj+ c;n k|zf;s vgfn rrf{sf] lzvƒdf k'Ug'eof] eg] dGqL clwsfƒLn] of] d]ƒf] b'ef{Uo egL l6Kk0fL ug'{eof] . ;lrj vgfnnfO{{ ƒfhLgfdf ug{ afWo kflƒPsf] eGb} g]kfnl‚yt s'6gLlts lgof]u ƒ bft[ lgsfon] uDeLƒ rf;f] b]vfP . sd{rfƒL ;ª†3 ;ª†u7gn] cy{dGqLsf] Jofks ljƒf]w uƒ] eg] g]kfnL sfª†u|];n] ;+;b† a}7s;d]t cjƒf]w u¥of] . k|wfgdGqL vgfnn] ;+;b†df pkl‚yt eO cy{;lrjsf] ƒfhLgfdfnufotsf ljifodf k|i6 kfƒ]kl5 l‚ylt ;fdfGo xF'b} uof] .

k|wfgdGqLdf emngfy vgfn, cy{ ;lrjåfƒf ƒfhLgfdf

46

ROOTS FASHION PVT. LTD.Durbarmarga, Kathmandu, Nepal

BEST WISHESOn the auspicious occasion of New Year 2068 B.S. We extend our best wishes to all Nepalese people for


dxfnIdL cfn'ldlgodMahalaxmi Aluminium

Muldhoka-4, BhaktapurEmail: [email protected]




Buddha Shrestha9841620729

Sanjeep Pradhanaga9851127415

Remember us for : Aluminium door, Still Bar, Window Compasite Panels, Sky Light

Shop front partition and all the work of Aluminium Curation Wall.

Angkaji SherpaManaging DirectorCell : 9851082007

Sherpa & Company (Pvt.) Ltd.P.O.Box‚ 21296, Shantinager–34

New Baneshwor, Kathmandu, NepalTel : 4488615, Fax‚ 4498743

Email : [email protected]

Distar Home Appliances Pvt. Ltd.Mahaboudha, Kathmandu, Nepal

Tel: 4246113, Fax : 977-1-4246092Email : [email protected]

www.distar.com.np

47

@)^& df3 @) ut]sf] ;xdltPg]skf dfcf]jfbL ƒ g]skf Pdfn]sf aLrdf

k|wfgdGqL lgjf{rgsf] ;Gbe{df ePsf] ;xdlt Pg]skf -dfcf]jfbL_ ƒ g]skf -Pdfn]_ sf aLr cfh @) df3 @)^& sf lbg lgDg lnlvt ;xdlt ulƒPsf] 5„

!= ƒfli6«o ‚jfwLgtf, cv08tf ƒ d'n'ssf] ;fj{ef }ldstfsf] ƒIffy{ b'9tfk"j{s pleFb} ;fdGtL Joj‚yfsf ;a} ¿ksf] cGTo ub} b]zdf ;fdflhs–cfly{s ¿kfGtƒ0f uƒL ‚jfwLg cy{tGqsf] lgdf{0f ub}{ hgtfsf] ;dfj]zL nf]stGqnfO{ ;'b[9 ug]{ ƒ ;dfhjfb pGd'v ƒfhgLlts ;fdflhs Joj‚yf lgdf{0f ug{ cufl8 a9†g xfdL b'a} ;xdt ePsf 5f}+„ pko'{Qm cfwfƒdf cGo ;a} jfdkGyL, b]zeQm tyf nf]stflGqs zlQmx¿nfO{ ;dfj]z ub}{ cufl9 a9†g ;d]t xfdL ;xdt ePsf 5f}+„

@= u0ftGqnfO{ ;+‚yfut ug] {, ƒfHosf] k'g;{ +ƒrgf uƒL ;ª†3Lo ƒfHo agfpg], hgtfsf] ;dfj]zL nf]stGqnfO{ ;'b[9 ug{ ƒ ;fdGtjfbsf] ;a} ¿ksf] cGTo uƒL ƒfli6«o ‚jfwLgtfnfO{ ;'b[9 ug]{ gofF ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f ug{ b'a} kf6L{ ;xdt 5f}+„

#= zflGt k|lqmofnfO{ pknlAwd"ns lgisif{df k'¥ofpg dfcf]jfbL ;]gfsf n8fs'x¿sf] ‚j]lR5s cjsfz, k'g‚yf{kgf ƒ ;dfof]hg sfo{nfO{ ;Ddfghgs ¿kdf ;DkGg ulƒg]5„ ;'ƒIff lgsfodf ;dfof]hg ug]{ ;DaGwdf clxn];Dd ePsf sfdx¿nfO{ lgƒGtƒtf lbFb} dfcf]jfbL n8fs'x¿sf] 5'§} jf cGo ;'ƒIfflgsfo ;d]tsf] ;+nUgtfdf 5'§} kmf];{ lgdf{0f ug]{ ;xdlt ePsf] 5„

$= ;+o'Qm ;ƒsfƒ agfpg b'j} kf6L{ ;xdt 5f}+„ ;ƒsfƒ ;~rfngdf ;xof]u ug{sf nflu pRr‚tƒLo ;+oGq

agfOg]5„ To;sf] g]t[Tj b'O{ kf6L{sf cWoIfn] cfnf]kfnf] ug'{x'g]5„ o; ;Gbe{df ;s];Dd w]ƒ} kf6L{nfO{ ;dfj]z uƒL gofF ;ƒsfƒ agfOg]5„ u[x ƒ ƒIffnufotsf dxìjk"0f{ dGqfnosf] plrt ƒ ;Ddfghgs afF8kmfF6 ulƒg]5„ o;sf] lhDd]jfƒL b'j} kf6L{sf cWoIfn] lng'x'g]5„

%= gofF ;ƒsfƒsf] Go"gtd ;femf sfo{qmd ƒ cfrfƒ;+lxtf agfO{ nfu" ulƒg]5„

^= cfk;L ;xdltsf] cfwfƒdf eljiodf ;ƒsfƒsf] g]t[Tj cfnf]kfnf] uƒL b'j} kf6L{aLr bL3{sfnLg ;xdlt ƒ ;xofqfnfO{ cufl8 a9fOg]5„

&= k|wfgdGqLsf] rfn" lgjf{rg k|lqmofdf Pg]skf dfcf]jfbLn] g]skf Pdfn]sf k|wfgdGqL kbsf pDd]bjfƒnfO{ dtbfg ug]{ ;xdlt ePsf] 5„

Pdfn]–dfcf]jfbLaLr ;/sf/ lgdf{0fsf ;Gbe{df ePsf] ;xdlt

@)^& kmfu'g # ut]sf] ;xdltPdfn] cWoIf emngfy vgfn ƒ PsLs[t g]skf dfcf]jfbLsf cWoIf k'iksdn bfxfn -k|r08_ sf] x‚tfIfƒ;lxt hfƒL ePsf] ;+o'Qm jQmJo M-!_ b]zdf nfdf] ;dob]lv ljBdfg ƒfhgLlts ultƒf]w cGTo ub}{ zflGt ‚yfkgf ƒ

;+ljwfg lgdf{0fsf] P]ltxfl;s sfo{efƒnfO{ ;kmntfk"j{s ;DkGg ug]{ p2]Zosf ;fy k|wfgdGqL lgjf{rgsf qmddf xfdL b'O{ kf6L{sf] aLrdf ePsf] ;fta'Fb] ;xdltsf] d"n dd{ ƒ efjgfk|lt xfdL k'gMk|lta4tf JoQm ub{5f}+„

-@_ o; ;Gbe{df s] s'ƒf ‚ki6 ug{ rfxG5f}+ eg] pQm ;xdltsf] p2]Zo lj‚t[t\ zflGt ;Demf}tf cg';fƒ ƒfhgLlts bnx¿sf] ;xdltsf] cfwfƒdf ljz]if ;ldltdfkm{t zflGtk|lqmofsf] ;kmn kfg'{ ;+ljwfg;efaf6 gofF ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f k|lqmofnfO{ k"ƒf ug'{ xf]„ zflGtk|lqmof ƒ ;+ljwfg lgdf{0fsf sfo{efƒ ;kmn kfg{ xfdL k|d'v ƒfhgLlts bnx¿;lxt ;a} kf6L{x¿;Fu ƒfli6«o ;xdltsf ;fy cl3 a9†g k|lta4 5f}+„ t;y{ xfdL ;a} ƒfhglts bnx¿nfO{ s'g} cfz+sf jf e|ddf gkƒL u0ftGq, ;ª†3Lotf, nf]stGq, wd{lgƒk]Iftf, ;dfg'kflts k|ltlglwTj, ;dfj]zLsƒ0f ƒ ;fdflhs Gofonufot xfn;Dd k|fKt pknlAwx¿nfO{ ƒIff ub}{ cl3 a9†gsf nflu of] k|lqmofdf ;xefuL x'g xflb{s cfXjfg ub{5f}+„

-#_ xfdL ;a} ƒfhgLlts bnx¿nfO{ jt{dfg ;ƒsfƒdf ;fd]n x'g clkn ub{5f}+ ƒ ;ƒsfƒ lgdf{0fnufotsf ;a} ljifodf ƒfli6«o ;xdlt lgdf{0fsf] of] k|lqmofdf ;xefuL x'g ;a} k|d'v kf6L{x¿sf] aLrdf ;xdltsf cfwfƒdf cl3 a9†g s'ƒf klg ‚ki6 kfg{ rfxG5f}+„

k'iksdn bfxfn -k|r08_cWoIf, Pg]skf -dfcf]jfbL_

emngfy vgfncWoIf, g]skf -Pdfn]_

cg'udg ;dfrf/

b:tfj]h

48

cg'udg ;dfrf/

n8fs' tyf xltof/ cg'udgsf nflu ;/sf/ / dfcf]jfbLaLrsf] ;xdltƒfi6««;ª†3Lo ld;g cgldg labfO{ ePsf sfƒ0f p;n] ub} cfPsf] sfo{ ug{ g]kfn ;ƒsfƒ ƒ Pg]skf -dfcf]jfbL_ aLr kf}if #) ut] lgDg adf]lhdsf] # a'Fb] ;xdlt ePsf] 5 .

;/sf/ dfcf]jfbL ;xdltzflGt k|lqmofsf ;DaGwdf k|wfgdGqL dfwjs'dfƒ g]kfn ƒ Pg]skf -dfcf]jfbL_ sf cWoIf k'iksdn bfxfn -k|r08_ sf aLr ePsf] ;xdlt M

;DdfggLo k|wfgdGqL dfwjs'dfƒ g]kfn tyf PsLs[t g]kfn sDo'lg‚6 kf6L{ -dfcf]jfbL_ sf cWoIf k'iksdn bfxfn -k|r08_ sf aLr @)^& ;fn k'if #) ut] ;DkGg a}7sdf zflGt k|lqmofnufotsf ljljw ljifox¿df uxg 5nkmn eof] . a}7sdf zflGt k|lqmofnfO{{ ;kmn t'Nofpg lgDglnlvt lg0f{o ulƒPsf] 5 .lg0f{ox¿ -!_ g]kfnsf] cGtlƒd ;+ljwfg, @)^#, ldlt @)^# ;fn dª†l;ƒ % -@! gf]e]Daƒ @))^_ df ePsf] lj‚t[t† zflGt ;Demf}tf, @)^# dª†l;ƒ @@ -* l8;]Daƒ @))^_ df ePsf] xltofƒ ƒ ;]gf Joj‚yfkgsf] cg'udg;DaGwL ;Demf}tf tyf tt†kZrft† ePsf] ljleGg ;xdltx¿;d]tn] zflGt k|lqmofnfO{{ cl3 a9fpg dxŒjk"0f{ of]ubfg uƒ]sf] tYonfO{{ ‚jLsfb}{ tL k|ltsf] k|lta4tf k'gM JoQm ulƒof] . ;fy} zflGt k|lqmofnfO{{ ;fy{s lgisif{df k'¥ofpg cfjZos lg0f{o uƒL cl3 a9†g] b[9tf k|s6 ulƒof] .

-@_ ;+o'Qm ƒfi6 « «;ª†3Lo ld;g -cgldg_ sf ] g ]kfnaf6 alxu{dgkZrft† klg zflGt k | lqmof tyf ; ]gf ƒ xltofƒ Joj‚yfkg cg'udgdf s'g} lsl;dsf] ;d‚of jf cjƒf]w pTkGg x'g glbg cgldgn] xfn;Dd ub} { cfPsf] Pg]skf -dfcf]jfbL_ sf lzljƒdf ƒx]sf ;ftj6f sG6]gƒ tyf Pg]skf dfcf]jfbLsf g]tfx¿sf] ;'ƒIffsf nflu aflxƒ ƒflvPsf xltofƒx¿ ƒ 5fpgLdf ƒx]sf] sG6]gƒsf] Joj‚yfkg;DaGwL cg'udg dte]bsf] ;dfwfg ƒ ljZjf;sf] jftfjƒ0f agfO ƒfVg] ;a} sfo{ ca pk|fGt ljz]if ;ldltn] ug]{ 5 . ;f]sf] k|of]hgsf] nflu ljz]if ;ldltn] cfkm"leq ƒ cfˆgf] ;lrjfnoaf6 tLg÷tLg hgf ƒxg] uƒL Ps ;+oGq lgdf{0f ulƒg] 5 . ;fy} ljz]if ;ldltaf6 cfjZos hgzlQm;lxtsf] Pp6f ;+o'Qm 6f]nL u7g uƒL xltofƒ tyf ;]gfsf] Joj‚yfkg;DaGwL cg 'udgsf nflu t '?Gt } v6fO{g]5 . o; ;Gbe{df o;eGbf cl3 ePsf ;a} ;Demf}tf ƒ ;xdlt ;f]xLcg'¿k ;+zf]lwt ƒ klƒdflh{t ePsf] 7xlƒg]5 .-#_ ;]gf tyf xltofƒ Joj‚yfkgsf] cg'udgsf nflu cgldgn] uƒ]sf] sfdsf nflu wGojfb lbFb} To;n] k|of] ]u uƒL cfPsf ;a} ;fwg ƒ ;ƒ;fdu|Lx¿ zflGt k|lqmofnfO{{ ;fy{s lgisif{df k'¥ofpg] sfo{df k|of]u ug{ ljz]if ;ldltsf] dftxtdf ƒxg] uƒL g]kfn ;ƒsfƒnfO{{ x‚tfGtƒ0f ug{ cfu|x ug]{ .

k'iksdn bfxfn -k|r08_cWoIf

Pg]skf -dfcf]jfbL_

dfwjs'df/ g]kfnk|wfgdGqL

g]kfn ;ƒsfƒ @)^& k'if #) ut]

b:tfj]h

cgldgsf] labfO{g]kfnsf] zflGt k|lqmofdf ;xof]u k'¥ofpFb} cfPsf]

ƒfi6««;ª†3Lo ld;g @)^& cgldg df3 ! ut]af6 cfˆgf] sfof{no aGb uƒL kmls{Psf] 5 . kf}if #) ut] cgldg sfo{fno gofFafg]Zjƒdf Ps ;dfƒf]xaLr ;+o'Qm ƒfi6«« ;ª†3sf dxf;lrj jfgsL d'gsf] kq k9]ƒ ;'gfpFb} ƒfi6«« ;ª†3sf] em08f sfof{noaf6 lems]kl5 ljz]if k|ltlglw

;fd'on 6fd|f6n] g]kfnaf6 cgldgsf] sfo{sfn ;lsPsf] 3f]if0ff ug'{ ePsf] lyof] .

k|wfg ;]gfklt, ƒfhgLlts bnsf g]tfx¿, clwsfƒsdL{x¿, dfcf]jfbL ;}Go sdf08ƒnufotsf] pkl‚ylt ƒx]klg pQm labfO{ ;dfƒf]xdf k|wfgdGqL dfwjs'dfƒ eg] g]kfn pkl‚yt ePgg† .

49

cg'udg ;dfrf/

� dfcf]jfbL n8fs' ljz]if ;ldlt dftxtdf !) jif{;Dd z;‚q o'4 n8]sf dfcf]jfbL n8fs'x¿ ljut $ jif{b]lv ljleGg lzljƒx¿df a‚b} cfPsf lyP . pgLx¿ @)^& df3 * ut]af6 g]kfn ;ƒsfƒ cGtƒutsf] ljz]if ;ldlt dftxtdf cfPsf 5g† . lrtjgsf] zlQmvf]ƒdf cfof]lht ljz]if ;dfƒf]xdf k|wfgdGqL dfwjs'dfƒ g]kfn ƒ dfcf]jfbL cWoIf k'iksdn bfxfn …k|r08Ú aLr ;Demf}tfdf x‚tfIfƒ ePsf] lyof] . pQm ;dfƒf]xdf k|wfgdGqL, dGqLx¿, ƒfhgLlts bnsf g]tfx¿, k"j{ k|wfgdGqLx¿, ;ef;b†x¿, ƒfhb"tx¿, k|wfg;]gfklt, k|xƒL dxflgƒLIfs, ;z‚q k|xƒL an k|d'v, pRr ;ƒsfƒL sd{rfƒL, gfulƒs ;dfhsf k|ltlglw;d]t 7"nf] ;ª†Vofdf dflg;x¿sf] pkl‚ylt ƒx]sf] lyof] . k|wfgdGqLn] dfcf]jfbL n8fs'n] k|of]u ub}{ cfPsf] em08f x6fO{ pQm ‚yfgdf ƒfli6«o em08f kmxƒfpg' ePsf] lyof] . eJo ;dfƒf]xdf n8fs'x¿n] ljleGg snf, sf}zn ;fF‚s[lts sfo{qmd ƒ ;nfdL ck{0f uƒ]sf lyP . sfo{qmddf k|wfgdGqL dfwjs'dfƒ g]kfn, dfcf]jfbL cWoIf k|r08 ƒ hgd'lQm ;]gfsf k|d'v gGblszf]ƒ k'g kf;fªn] ;Daf]wg ug'{ePsf] lyof] . o; dxìjk"0f{ sfo{sf] cd]lƒsfnufotsf d'n'sx¿ ƒ cGo If]qjf6 ‚jfut ulƒof] .

� dfcf]jfbL lj/tfl/t a}7s, hgljb|f]x ug]{ lg0f{oPg]skf dfcf]jfbLsf] lj‚tflƒt a}7s uf]ƒvfsf]

kfn'ª6fƒdf dª†l;ƒ % ut] ;'? eO{ dª†l;ƒ !! ut] ;DkGg eof] . !@ ;oeGbf a9L hgd'lQm ;]gfsf n8fs'x¿nfO{{ ;d]t ;xefuL uƒfOPsf] a}7sdf d'n'seƒLsf ;ft xhfƒeGbf a9L dfcf]jfbL sfo{stfsf] ;xeflutf ƒx]sf] lyof] . cWoIf k'iksdn bfxfn, pkfWoIfx¿ df]xg j}B ƒ 8f= afa'ƒfd e§ƒfO{n] 5'§f5'§} k]z uƒ]sf tLg ƒfhgLlts k|ltj]bgpkƒ Jofks 5nkmn uƒL tLgj6} k|ltj]bg ldnfO{ Pp6} b‚tfj]h agfpg] lhDd]jfƒL s]Gb|Lo ;ldltnfO{{ lbPsf] 5 eg] zflGt ƒ ;+ljwfg lgdf{0fdf cjƒf]w cfPdf hgljb|f]x ug]{;d]t lg0f{o uƒ]sf] 5 . ;ƒsfƒL sf]ifaf6 tna eQf vfPƒ o'Pgsf] k|ToIf lguƒfgLdf ƒx]sf dfcf]jfbL k"j{ n8fs'x¿nfO{{

a}7sdf ;xefuL uƒfPsf]df zflGt ;Demf}tf;d]tsf] ljkƒLt ePsf] eGb} cgldg, g]kfn ;ƒsfƒ, ƒfhgLltsbnx¿ ƒ cGo If]qaf6 Jofks ljƒf]w ePsf] lyof] .

� ko{6g jif{sf] eJo pb\3f6gPs jif{df !) nfveGbf a9L ko{6g leœofpg] nIo

ƒfv]ƒ ;ƒsfƒn] @)!! nfO{{ ko{6g jif{sf] 3f]if0ff uƒ]sf] lyof] . o;sf] cf}krflƒs pb†3f6g kf}if #) ut] ƒfi6««klt 8f= ƒfdjƒ0f ofbjn] bzƒy ƒ+uzfnfdf cfof]lht eJo ;dfƒf]xaLr ug'{ePsf] lyof] . ;f] cj;ƒdf ko{6g jif{ @)!! sf] em08f]tf]ng k|wfgdGqL dfwjs'dfƒ g]kfnn] ug'{ ePsf] lyof] . ;fs{ d'n'ssf ljb]z dGqL Pj+ ko{6g If]qsf pRr JolQmŒjx¿sf];d]t ;xeflutf ƒx]sf] pb†3f6g ;dfƒf]xdf ljleGg hfthflt, efiffefifLx¿n] cf–cf̂ gf snf, ;+‚s[lt emNsfpg] emfFsL;d]t k|‚t't uƒ]sf lyP . x]lnsf]K6ƒaf6 k'ikj[li6b]lv ;fFem cft;jfhL;d]t ulƒPsf] lyof] . tƒ ko{6s leœofpg] ;Gbe{df ;ƒsfƒ, ko{6g Joj;foL, bnx¿af6 pknAwLd"ns sfo{ eg] x'g ;s]sf] 5}g .

� /fi6««kltsf] ef/t e|d0fƒfi6««klt 8f= ƒfdjƒ0f ofbj @)^& df3 !# ut]

efƒt e|d0fdf hfg' eof] . ƒfi6««kltn] cfkm"n] cWoog uƒ]sf] sf]nsftf d]l8sn sn]hsf] !&&cf}F jflif{sf]T;jdf df3 !$ ut] ljlzi6 cltlysf] ¿kdf ;Daf]wg ug'{ eof] . ƒfi6««kltn] lzIff ƒ ‚jf‚Yosf If]qdf efƒtn] k'¥ofPsf] lgƒGtƒ ;xof]usf] k|z+;f ug'{ ePsf] lyof] . ƒfi6««kltn] lt¿kltl‚yt j]ªs6]Zjƒsf] bz{g uƒL x}bƒfjfb x'Fb} lbNnL cfpg'eof] . lbNnLdf efƒt ;ƒsfƒ ƒ cGo bn Pj+ ƒfhg]tfx¿n] ƒfi6««kltsf] eJo ‚jfut uƒ] . g]kfndf ƒfi6««kltn] v]Nb} cfpg' ePsf] e"ldsfsf] efƒtn] v'n]ƒ ‚jfut ƒ k|z+;f uƒ]sf] lyof] . ƒfi6««kltn] efƒtLo ƒfi6««klt k|ltef kf6]n, k|wfgdGqL 8f= dgdf]xg l;+x, sfª†u|]; kf6L{sf cWoIf ;f]lgof ufGwL ƒ ljleGg bnsf g]tf Pj+ pRr ;ƒsfƒL sd{rfƒLx¿n] ƒfi6«klt;Fu e]63f6 u]ƒ]sf lyP . ƒfi6««klt ofbjsf] e|d0fnfO{{ efƒtn] pRr dxŒj lbPsf] lyof] . ƒfi6««klt !) lbg] cgf}krflƒs efƒt e|d0f k"ƒf uƒL df3 @@ ut] ‚jb]z lkmg'{ ePsf] lyof] .

afa'/fd s]=;L= df]afOn– (*%!)!$(*(, af]lvd–$, ef]hk'/

cfhLjg ;b:o M /fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ k|lti7fg

50

cg'udg ;dfrf/

dfOtL g]kfnsf cWoIf cg'ƒfwf sf]Oƒfnf ;LPgPg lxƒf] @)!) af6 ;Ddflgt x'g' ePsf] 5 . r]nLj]6L a]rlavgsflj?4 cys of]ubfg k'¥ofPjfkt ;+o'Qm ƒfHo cd]lƒsfsf] k|d'v ;~rfƒ dfWod ;LPgPgn] sf]OƒfnfnfO{ ;Ddflgt uƒ]sf] xf]„ slƒa !)) d'n'ssf !) xhfƒeGbf a9L ;dfh;]jLsf] gfd 5gf}6 uƒ]sf] lyof] . ljB'tLo dtbfgsf qmddf sf]Oƒfnfsf] kIfdf a9L dt k/]kl5 pgL !)cf}F :yfgdf pTs[i6 eOg\ . ;+;fƒs} k|lti7t k'ƒ‚sfƒx¿dWo]sf] of] k'ƒ‚sfƒsf] ƒsd Ps nfv @% xhfƒ 8nƒ cyf{t† slƒa (# nfvsf] ƒx]sf] 5 . cd]lƒsfsf] n;PGhn;df cfof]lht Ps eJo ;dfƒf]xaLr @)^&

dª†l;ƒ % ut] ljxfg ;LPgPgsf rlr{t kqsfƒ PG8ƒ;g s'kƒn] ljh]tf cg'ƒfwfsf] gfd 3f]if0ff ug'{ePsf] lyof] . ;LPgPg cWoIf lhd jfN6gn] sf]OƒfnfnfO{{ awfO{ 1fkg uƒ]sf lyP eg] ;Ddflgt JolQmTj sf]Oƒfnfn] cfkm"nfO{{ ef]6lbg] ;j}nfO{{ wGojfb lbb} cfkm"nfO{{ yk lhDd]jfƒL a9]sf] atfpg'ePsf] lyof] . of] k'ƒ‚sfƒ kfpFg] pxfF klxnf] g]kfnL x'g'x'G5 . k'ƒ‚sfƒ dª†l;ƒ ( ut] Ps eJo ;dfƒf]xaLr k|bfg ulƒof] . ;Ddfg u|x0f uƒL dª†l;ƒ !^ ut] g]kfn kms{g' ePsL sf]Oƒfnfsf] Poƒkf]6{b]lv dfOtL g]kfn;Dd nfda4 dflg;x¿n] eJo ‚jfut uƒ]sf lyP . jfhfufhf ;lxt xfF‚o snfsfƒåo xlƒj+z cfrfo{ ƒ dbgs[i0f >]i7;d]t ‚jfutdf ;xefuL ƒxg' ePsf] lyof] tƒ ;ƒsfƒL kIfsf] vf;} pkl‚ylt ƒx]g .

cg'ƒfwf ;LPgPg lxƒf] @)!)


We extend our best wishes to all Nepalese people for their life long happiness, peace and prosperity

SHREE GONGSHEKUND CONSTRUCTION SERVICE

Forever dedicated to building nation.

We undertake any construction works including buildings, roads etc.

Pasang TamangLife Member : National Human Rights Foundation (HURFON)

Vice President : HURFON Boudha Branch

Cell : 9841344413, Tel: 01-2143258, Kathmandu, Nepal

51

g]kfnL sfª†u|];sf ;+‚yfks P+j k"j{ ;efklt tyf k"j{ k|wfgdGqL s[i0fk|;fb e§ƒfO{sf] *^ jif{sf] pd]ƒdf @)^& kmfu'g @) ut] sf7df8f}Fdf lgwg eof] .lktf ;ª†s6fk|;fb ƒ cfdf nlntfb]jL e§ƒfO{sf 5f]ƒf s[i0fk|;fb e§ƒfO{sf] hGd !(*! ;fn kf}if s[i0f åfbzLsf lbg efƒtsf] sfzLdf ePsf] lyof] . g]kfnsf] k|hftflGqs cfGbf]ngsf lzvƒ k'?if d"No, dfGotf ƒ lgi7fsf] ƒfhgLltnfO{{ cfbz{ 7fGg] ;Gtg]tf e§ƒfO{sf] cGTo]li6 kmfu'g @@ ut] kz'klt cfo{3f6df ƒfhsLo ;Ddfgsf ;fy ulƒof] . ‚j= e§ƒfO{sf] kfly{j zƒLƒ

nlntk'ƒsf] afF8]ufpFl‚yt e§ƒfO{ cf>daf6 ljxfg g]kfnL ;]gfsf] ljz]if ;hfj6;lxtsf] 6«sdf ƒfv]ƒ ;fg]kfl‚yt

sfª†u|]; kf6L{ sfof{no x'Fb} bzƒy ƒª†uzfnfdf ƒflvPsf] lyof] . ƒfi6««klt 8f= ƒfdjƒ0f ofbj, k|wfgdGqL emngfy vgfn, ;efd'v ;'jf;rGb| g]Djfª, k|wfg ;]gfklt ?Sdfª†ut s6'jfn, sfª†u|]; ;efklt ;'zLn sf]Oƒfnf, jlƒi7 g]tf z]ƒaxfb'ƒ b]pjf, ljleGg bnsf g]tf, sfo{stf{, ;ƒsfƒL Pj+ ;+j}wflgs lgsfosf pRr kbflwsfƒL sd{rfƒL,

;'ƒIff lgsfo Pj+ pBf]uL, JofkfƒLnufot ;j{;fwfƒ0fn] e§ƒfO{sf] kfly{j zƒLƒdf k'iku'R5f r9fPƒ clGtd >4f~hnL ck{0f uƒ]sf lyP . @ ah] ƒª†uzfnfaf6 ;'? ePsf] zjofqf guƒ klƒqmdf ub}{ kz'klt cfo{3f6 k'u]sf] lyof]„ zjofqfdf xhfƒf}+ dflg;x¿sf] ;xeflutf ƒx]sf] lyof] . e§ƒfO{sf] lgwgaf6 g]kfnn] klƒkSj Pj+ lgi7fjfg k|hftGqjfbL g]tf u'dfPsf] ;j{q rrf{ rNof] . e§ƒfO{sf] lgwgk|lt efƒt, rLg, cd]lƒsf, a]nfot, hfkfgnufot bhgf}+ ldq ƒfi6««x¿n] zf]s jQmJo hfƒL uƒ]sf lyP„ ‚j= e§ƒfO{nfO{{

elthf k|df]b e§ƒfO{n] bfuaQL lbg' ePsf] lyof] .

ƒfhsLo ;Ddfgsf ;fy e§ƒfO{sf] cGTo]li6

zjofqf

cg'udg ;dfrf/

G.P.O.Box: 4808, Bagmati Chamber, Teku Road, Kathmandu, Nepal,

Tel: 4254791, 4247923 (O), 4253504 (R), Fax: 977-1-4254791, Mobile: 9851022965, E-mail: [email protected]

Natural Colour Aluminium Sliding Windows and Doors, Offi ce Partition Louvers, Shower Cabinet etc.

National Aluminium Fabricator

Govinda Prasad Agrawal(Life Member : National Human Rights Foundation –HURFON)

BEST WISHESOn the auspicious occasion of New Year 2068 B.S. We extend our best wishes to

all Nepalese people for their life long happiness, peace and prosperity

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� aflnsf h'gfsf] xTof alb{of wwafƒ ^ 7s]nf lgjf;L cdƒ a'9fsL 5f]ƒL jif{ % sL h'gf a'9f c;f]h #! ut] ckxƒ0fdf kƒ]sL lyOg . pgsf] anfTsfƒkl5 sflt{s @ ut] xTof ePsf] 5 . xTofdf ;+nUg kFfrhgf kqmfp kƒ]sf 5g† .� lzj yfkfsf] xTof wflbª bfvf{ lgjf;L Pdfn] sfo{stf{ jif{ $) sf lzj yfkf @)^& sflt{s ! ut] ckxƒ0fdf kƒ]sf lyP . pgsf] zj sflt{s $ ut] km]nf kƒ]sf] 5 . dfcf]jfbL sfo{stf{n] ckxƒ0fkl5 xTof uƒ]sf] Pdfn]sf] bfjL 5 .� l8naxfb'/sf] xTof sf7df8f}F cf]d jxfndf 8]ƒf uƒL a‚g] jif{ #% sf l8naxfb'ƒ yfkf duƒsf] sflt{s # ut] ljxfg 8]ƒfd} xTof ePsf] 5 . yfkfsf] xTof lghsf ;;'ƒf lgƒƒfh bg'jfƒn] uƒ]sf] k|xƒL bfjL 5 . � ;ljgf rf}w/Lsf] xTof alb{of v}ƒLrGbgk'ƒ lgjf;L sIff $ df k9†b} uƒ]sL aflnsf jif{ * sL ;ljgf rf}wƒLsf] sflt{s # ut] anfTsfƒ kl5 xTof ePsf] 5 . pQm 36gfdf k|xƒLn] ƒfdaxfb'ƒ rf}wƒLnfO{{ kqmfp uƒ]sf] 5 .� clws[t ´fsf] xTof lhNnf lzIff sfof{no dxf]QƒLsf clws[t jif{ $% sf nfn lszf]ƒ emfsf] cfkƒflws ;d"xn] sflt{s !! ut] laxfg sfof{no hfg nfUbf lgjf; hgsk'ƒdf uf]nL xfgL xTof uƒ] . hgtflGqs tƒfO{ d'lQm df]rf{ -ƒfhg ;d"x_ n] xTof uƒ]sf] bfjL uƒ]sf] 5 .� lzIfs k6]nsf] xTof cfkƒflws ;d"xn] afƒf lhNnfsf lzIfs ;'ƒ]znfn k6]nsf] sflt{s !# ut] ƒflt uf]nL xfgL xTof uƒ] . cfkƒflws ;d"xn] s]xL ;do cufl8 wg'iffsf lzIfs lxƒfnfn dxtf]sf];d]t uf]nL xfgL xTof uƒ]sf lyP .� tf/fb]jL ;bfsf] xTof pbok'ƒ lqo'uf guƒkflnsf ^ ldng rf]s a‚g] jif{ $) sf ob]as' ;bfn] sflt{s @! ut] ljxfg cfˆg} >LdtL jif{ #@ sL tfƒfb]jL ;bfsf] xTof uƒ] .� a'lgnfn ofbjsf] xTof ƒf}tx6 dfwf]k'ƒ lgjf;L Pdfn] sfo{stf{ a'lgnfn ƒfo ofbjnfO{{ cfkƒflws ;d"xn] sflt{s @) ut] ƒflt uf]nL xfgL 3fOt] agfPsf lyP . pgsf] sflt{s @@ ut] lgwg eof] .� cfz'tf]if /fO{sf] xTof sf7df8f}F h8La'6L If]qdf a;f]af; ub}{ cfPsf jif{

@) sf cfz'tf]if ƒfO{nfO{{ cfkƒflws ;d"xn] sflt{s @! ut] xltofƒ k|xfƒ uƒL xTof uƒ] .� ;'/]z d08nsf] xTof ljƒf6guƒl‚yt z'esfdgf cf}iflw k;nsf ;~rfns jif{ #^ sf ;'ƒ]z d08nnfO{{ cfkƒflws ;d"xn] sflt{s @# ut] ƒflt a'4rf]sdf uf]nL xfgL xTof uƒ] .� gljg zfxsf] xTof ;'g;ƒL O6xƒL * lgjf;L jif{ @$ sf gljgs'dfƒ zfxsf] cfkƒflws ;d"xn] sflt{s @% ut] ƒflt xTof uƒ] .� k|x/L r]Dhf]ªsf] xTof lhNnf k|xƒL sfof{no sf7df8f}Fdf sfo{ƒt kfFryƒ lgjf;L jif{ @^ sf k|xƒL hjfg lbnk|;fb r]Dhf]ªsf] Ps cfkƒflws ;d"xn] sflt{s @( ut] t]x|y'd 5ft]9'ª†ufdf 5'ƒf k|xfƒ uƒL xTof uƒ] .� gfos kf08]n] >LdtL df/] ;'v]{t lgjf;L g]kfnL ;]gfsf gfos kbd kf08]n] cfˆg} >LdtL jif{ @! sL OlGbƒf kf08]sf] sflt{s #) ut] pbok'ƒ lqo'uf guƒkflnsf ;+ud 6f]nl‚yt cfˆg} 8]ƒfdf xTof uƒ] .� sfª\u|]; g]tf u'?ªsf] xTof alb{ofl‚yt g]kfnL sfª†u|];sf g]tf bnaxfb'ƒ u'?ªsf] cfkƒflws ;d"xn] sflt{s @( ut] ƒflt xTof uƒ] .� afns /fh cfrfo{sf] xTof lsƒ0f ƒ cGh' cfrfo{sf 5f]ƒf wƒfgl‚yt ;uƒdfyf af]l8{ª ‚s"ndf sIff # df cWoogƒt jif{ ( sf ƒfh cfrfo{nfO{{ cfkƒflws ;d"xn] dª†l;ƒ @ ut] ljxfg ckxƒ0f uƒL xTof uƒ] . � kltåf/f >LdtLsf] xTof ;'g;ƒL jƒfx If]q–! lgj;L ef]hdfg ƒfO{n] cfˆg} >LdtL ;Ltf ƒfO{sf] sflt{s !( ut] ƒflt s'6lk6 uƒL xTof uƒ] .� j[4 hLtaxfb'/ tfdfªsf] xTof uf]vf{ ‚jfƒf–@ a'Sbf]n lgjf;L jif{ ^* sf hLtaxfb'ƒ tfdfªnfO{{ c1ft ;d"xn] dª†l;ƒ * ut] v's'ƒL k|xfƒ uƒL xTof uƒ] . pgsL kTgL jif{ %& sL ;'s'dfof uDeLƒ 3fOt] ePsL 5g† .� sDk'nb]jLsf] xTof hgsk'ƒ, wg'iff lbuDjƒk'ƒ $ lgjf;L anb]j

cg'udg ;dfrf/

afFRg kfpg] clwsfƒ ;dfKtc+s !$ af6 qmdzM

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dxtf]sL >LdtL jif{ #% sL sDk'nb]jL dxtf]sf] cfkƒflws ;d"xn] dª†l;ƒ !) ut] ;fd"lxs anfTsfƒkl5 xTof uƒ] .� lk|lG;kn s'dfnsf] xTof jLƒu~h ejfgLk'ƒl‚yt cf}l;; af]l8{ª ‚s"nsf lk|lG;kn rt'ƒu'0fk|;fb kl08t s'dfnsf] cfkƒflws ;d"xn] xTof uƒ]sf 5g† . pgsf] zj efƒtsf] ljxfƒ gsƒb]xL xƒk'ƒsf] Ps au}Frfdf dª†l;ƒ # ut] ;Ffem km]nf kƒ]sf] 5 .� vuL vqLsf] xTof c3f{vfFrL wltjfª lgjf;L && jifL{o dfgaxfb'ƒ vqLn] dª†l;ƒ !$ ut] cfˆg} >LdtL jif{ ^@ sL vuL vqLsf] xTof uƒ] .� 5f]/fåf/f afa'sf] xTof bf]nvf Wofª ;'sf7f]sƒ uflj;–^ a‚g] jif{ #! sf bnaxfb'ƒ v8†sfn] dª†l;ƒ !& ut] ƒflt cfˆg} afa' jif{ &% sf kbdaxfb'ƒ v8†sfnfO{{ hnfPƒ xTof uƒ] .� b]aaxfb'/ nfdfsf] xTof sf7df8f}F–!^ 6f}8nsf jif{ @% sf b]jaxfb'ƒ nfdfnfO{{ Ps cfkƒflws ;d"xn] dª†l;ƒ !& ut] ƒflt sf7df8f}Fdf xTof uƒ] . xTofdf lghs} ;fyLx¿ ;+nUg ƒx]sf] k|xƒLsf] bfjL 5 .� ;}lgsåf/f lji6sf] xTof sGrgk'ƒl‚yt r08Lk|;fb u0faf6 xltofƒ;lxt efu]sf g]kfnL ;]gfsf hjfg bLks zfxLn] rnfPsf] uf]nL nflu 88]nw'ƒf hf]uj'9f ( lgjf;L jLƒaxfb'ƒ lji6sf] dª†l;ƒ @$ ut] 36gf‚ynd} d[To' eof] eg] >LdtL lnnfjtL lji6 uDeLƒ 3fOt] ePsL l5g† .� Jofkf/L ofbjsf] xTof slknj‚t ' aƒsnk ' ƒ lgj f; L Jo fk f ƒ L hubLzk|;fb ofbjsf] cfkƒflws ;d"xn] dª†l;ƒ @^ ut] lbpF;f] e}ƒxjf gfƒfo0f‚yfg dlGbƒ cufl8 uf]nL xfgL xTof uƒ] .� lvdk|;fb ltdlN;gfsf] xTof dsjfgk'ƒ x]6f}8f k'tnLahfƒlgjf;L jif{ $% sf lvdk|;fb ltdlN;gfnfO{{ dª†l;ƒ @* ut] ;fFem ‚s"n ƒf]8 rf}sdf ‚yfgLo vft] o'jfx¿n] n'6kf6kl5 xTof uƒ] .� xl/gf/fo0f b]jsf] xTof ;KtƒL af]lƒof–# sf %% jifL{o xlƒgfƒfo0f b]jnfO{{ cfkƒflws ;d"xn] kf}if !# ut] jfu]ZjƒL dlGbƒ 5]pdf

uf]nL xfgL xTof uƒ] .� /fdrGb|sf] xTof dxf]QƒL l;lËofxL lgjf;L dfcf]jfbL sfo{stf{ ƒfdrGb| ofbjsf] c1ft ;d"xn] df3 ! ut] ƒflt xly;jf{df uf]nL xfgL xTof uƒ] .� vl6ssf] xTof afFs] sDbL–$ nfnk'ƒ lgjf;L jif{ ## sf 5Kjg vl6snfO{{ df3 $ ut] ƒflt 3ƒ}af6 cfkƒflws ;d"xn] ckxƒ0f uƒL ufpF glhs}sf] v]tafƒLdf xTof uƒ] .� dw' hfufsf] xTof c1ft ;d"xn] df3 $ ut] uf]nL xfgL 3fOt] agfPsf alb{of df]tLk'ƒ–* afF;u9L lgjf;L jif{ @% sf dw' hfufsf] pkrfƒsf] qmddf df3 % ut] lgwg eof] .� ef]luof ;/bf/sf] xTof ;'g;ƒL vgfƒ $ lgjf;L jif{ %% sf ƒfdrGb| ;ƒbfƒn] cfˆg} >LdtL jif{ #% sL ef]luof ;ƒbfƒsf] xltofƒ k|xfƒ uƒL df3 ^ ut] ƒflt 3ƒd} xTof uƒ] .� ?S;fgf vft'gsf] xTof ƒf}tx6 ;?c7f ( lgjf;L dfcf]jfbL ef]hk'ƒf ƒfHo ;ldltsf hf]a]ƒ ldofFsL >LdtL jif{ #% sf] ?S;fgf vft'gsf] df3 ( ut] xltofƒL ;d"xn] pv'jfƒLdf uf]nL xfgL xTof uƒ] .� /df]tl/of b]jLsf] xTof ;nf{xL xhlƒof ^ lgjf;L jif{ %% sL ƒdf]tlƒof b]jL dxtf]nfO{{ c1ft ;d"xn] df3 !! ut] ƒflt 3ƒd} uf]nL xfgL xTof uƒ] .� dfgaxfb'/ /fO{sf] xTof pbok'ƒ 7f]S;Lnf ( l;vƒdf8L lgjf;L s[i0fs'dfƒL ƒfO{n] cfˆg} klt jif{ @& sf dfgaxfb'ƒ ƒfO{nfO{{ aGrƒf] k|xfƒ uƒL df3 !# ut] xTof ulƒg† .� k'gds'df/ l;+xsf] xTof l;ƒxf rGb|pbok'ƒ lgjf;L dx]Gb| dxtf] ƒ ;1fgjtL dxtf]sL 5f]ƒL sIff–!! df cWoogƒt k'gd s'dfƒL l;+xsf] l;ƒxf rGb|nfnk'ƒ $ lgjf;L jif{ !( sf ;Gtf]if rf}wƒLn] df3 !# ut] ljxfg xTof uƒ] .� k|]d ls:s' ;tf/sf] xTof df]ƒª xf]SnfjfƒL lgjf;L $! jifL{o k]|d ls‚s' ;tfƒsf] c1ft ;d"xn] df3 ( ut] xTof uƒ] .� ljBfyL{ lxdfn a'9fsf] xTof af“s] g]kfnuGh ! wDjf]hL lgjf;L eQmaxfb'ƒ ƒ gGbs'dfƒL a'9fsf 5f]ƒf jif{ @! sf lxdfn a'9f df3 #

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ut] a]n'sf ckxƒ0fdf kƒ]sf lyP . pgsf] zj df3 !$ ut] afFs]sf] ƒem]gfdf km]nf kƒ]sf] lyof] . pgL sf7df8f}Fsf] kz'klt ax'd'vL SofDk;df aL= P= bf];|f] jif{df k9†b} lyP .� e'jg sfsL{sf] xTof df]ƒª b'nfƒL lgjf;L Pdfn] sfo{stf{ jif{ @# sf e'jgaxfb'ƒ sfsL{nfO{{ df3 @% ut] O6xƒL a'9fvf]nfdf c1ft ;d"xn] uf]nL xfgL xTof uƒ] .� c;O{ ofbjsf] xTof afƒf eujgk'ƒ–* lgjf;L lhNnf k|xƒL sfof{no k;f{df sfo{ƒt c;O{ jif{ #* l;s]Gb| ofbjsf] cfkƒflws ;d"xn] df3 @% ut] a]n'sf glhs lkkƒfljtf{df uf]nL xfgL xTof uƒ] . xTof clvn tƒfO{ d'lQmdf]rf{ gfds # e"ldut ;d"xn] bfjL uƒ]sf] 5 .� v'kf{ k|xf/ u/L tLgsf] xTof tgx'F Jof; guƒkflnsf–@ lgjf;L @# jifL{o lbljª ƒfgfduƒn] kmfu'g ( ut] v'kf{ k|xfƒ uƒL lbnaxfb'ƒ ;fksf]6f >LdtL jif{ %% sL o;f]bf ;fksf]6f ƒ ̂ ) jifL{o l6sfaxfb'ƒ >]i7sf] xTof uƒ] .� >LdtL lji0f'dfof /fO{sf] xTof sf‚sL, kf]vƒf !) lgjf;L ch'{g ƒfO{n] df3 !% ut] cfˆg} >LdtL jif{ #* sL lji0f' dfofsf] xTof uƒ] .� ;'Aaf dfwj yfkfsf] xTof afƒf sn}of !) jƒ]jf lgjf;L jif{ %% sf dfnkf]t sfof{no afƒfdf ;'Aaf kbdf sfo{ƒt dfwj yfkfsf] c1ft ;d"xn] kmfu'g !) ut] ;fFem 3ƒd} uf]nL xfgL xTof uƒ] .� ofs'sf] xTof l;ƒxf ejfgLk'ƒ wgu7f lgjf;L jif{ #* sf df]xDdb ofs'nfO{{ c1ft ;d"xn] kmfu'g !@ ut] ƒflt uf]nL xfgL xTof uƒ] .� gfafns nfjtLsf] xTof kfFryƒ df}jf sf]xr] lgjf;L ;f9] rfƒ jifL{o gfafns bjLnfn nfjtLsf] c1ft ;d"xn] kmfu'g !$ ut] wflƒnf] xltofƒ k|xfƒ uƒL xTof uƒ] .� cd[t zfSosf] xTof a'6jnl‚yt ‚jl0f{d dN6L ;le{;]; k|flnsf ;]N; clws[t cd[ts'dfƒ zfSosf] kmfu'g !& ut] cfkƒflws ;d"xn] gjnkƒf;Ldf xTof uƒ] .� afa'af6} 5f]/Lsf] xTof ƒf]Nkf b'aL8fF8f lgjf;L gfƒfo0f 3tL{ duƒn] kmfu'g

!& ut] ƒflt ;'ltƒx]sf] cj‚yfdf 5f]ƒL 6]ss'dfƒL a‚g]t, HjfOF 6f]kaxfb'ƒ a‚g]t, ̂ dlxg] gfltgL sNkgf ƒ l5d]sL rGb|axfb'ƒ yfkfsf] d'ª†u|f] k|xfƒ uƒL xTof uƒ] .� kTgL / 5f]/Lsf] xTof ;'g;ƒL dw]zf–( l3ldƒ]6f]n lgjf;L jif{ @& sf pd]z kf}8]nn] h]7L >LdtL l6sfb]jL ƒ tLg jif{sL 5f]ƒL cflzsfsf] kmfu'g !& ut] ƒflt xTof uƒ] .� Ps} kl/jf/sf tLgsf] xTof g'jfsf]6 g]jfƒkfgL lgjf;L ^% jifL{o lji0f'k|;fb yklnof, >LdtL jif{ ̂ $ sL e}ƒjL ƒ h]7f 5f]ƒf Zofdk|;fb yklnofsf] c1ft ;d"xn] kmfu'g !* ut] ƒflt xTof uƒ] .� chjg vft'gsf] xTof ;'g;ƒL ef]qmfxf–( lgjf;L jif{ !& sL chjg vft'gnfO{{ cfkƒflws ;d"xn] kmfu'g @! ut] anfTsfƒkl5 xTof uƒ] . pgsf] zj @@ ut] km]nf kƒ]sf] lyof] .� s?0ff l3ld/]sf] xTof gjnkƒf;Ll‚yt ;ƒ‚jtL lgs]tg cfjf;Lo dfljdf sIff !) df cWoogƒt aflnsf s?0ff l3ldƒ]nfO{{ cfkƒflws ;d"xn] kmfu'g !( ut] ckxƒ0f uƒL xTof uƒ] . pgsf] zj kmfu'g @# ut] gfƒfo0fL gbLdf km]nf kƒ]sf] lyof] .� cfdfaf6} 5f]/f ;'lgnsf] xTof ;Nofg vnª†uf lgjf;L lrhdfnL ljsn] cfˆg} ^ dlxg] 5f]ƒf ;'lgn ljssf] r}q ! ut] ƒflt xTof ulƒg† .� cfdfaf6} 5f]/f ;kmnsf] xTof ‚ofªhf km]bLvf]nf–^ a8frf}ƒ lgjf;L jif{ @* sL dfofb]jL -nIdL_ kf}8]nn] cfˆg} sfG5f 5f]ƒf jif{ % sf ;kmn kf}8]nnfO{{ r}q $ ut] ljif v'jfPƒ xTof ulƒg† .� k|]d dxh{gsf] xTof sf7df8f } F 6]s'l‚yt l;k|bL 6] « l8ª k|flndf sfo{ƒt uf]bfjƒL 3ƒ ePsf k|]d dxh{gnfO{{ r}q !) ut] a]n'sf gsfjwfƒL ;d"xn] sfof{nod} k|j]z uƒL uf]nL xfgL xTof uƒ] eg] uf]nL nflu ;'lbk a‚ofn 3fOt] ePsf 5g† .� 5f]6]nfn / /ljGb|sf] xTof k;f{ 5ltjgL lgjf;L e"ldut ;ª†u7g hgtflGqs d'lQm 6fOu;{sf ;b‚ox¿ 5f]6]nfn k6]n ƒ ƒljGb| k6]nsf] c1ft ;d"xsf] uf]nLaf6 r}q !& ut] ƒS;f}ndf xTof ePsf] 5 .

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� ad ljikmf]6df $ sf] d[To' ;z‚q åGåsf a]nf 3ƒdf ƒflvPsf] ad ljikmf]6 x'Fbf 8f]Nkfsf] b'gO{ lgjf;L csnaxfb'ƒ zfxLsf >LdtL jif{ $) sL uf}ƒL ƒ #) jifL{o 5f]ƒL rfFbgLsf] r}q !( ut] d[To' ePsf] 5 eg] x'Dnfsf] 7]6]ufpFdf ad ljikmf]6 x'Fbf !) jifL{o dfgaxfb'ƒ af]xƒf ƒ * jifL{o cl‚dtf af]xƒfsf] d[To' ePsf] 5 . � Joj;foL l3ld/]sf] xTof lrtjg efg'rf}s lgjf;L ƒfdguƒl‚yt hubDaf k]6«f]n kDksf Joj‚yfks eƒt l3ldƒ]nfO{ cfkƒflws ;d"xn] r}q @# ut] ljxfg uf]nL xfgL xTof uƒ] .� aRr] zfx dfl/P ;nf{xL O{Zjƒk'ƒ aonjf;df a‚b} cfPsf @# jifL{o aRr] zfxnfO{ Ps ;d"xn] r}q @# ut] ƒflt aaƒu~hdf xTof uƒ] .� Joj;foL rfrgsf] xTof sf7df8f}F u0faxfndf 5fnfsf] emf]nfsf] Joj;fo ub}{ cfPsf] efƒtLo gfulƒs c~hgLs'dfƒ rfrgnfO{ c1ft ;d"xn] r}t @& ut] a]n'sf lvrfkf]vƒLdf uf]nL xfgL xTof uƒ]„

� aGbL o'g'ifdfly uf]nL k|xf/ gSsnL efƒtLo d'b|fsf] cfƒf]kdf s]Gb|Lo sfƒfufƒdf y'gfdf ƒx]sf g];gn 6]lnlehgsf cWoIf o'g'if cG;fƒLdfly )^& kmfu'g @^ ut] laxfg !! ah] efƒtLo gfulƒs ljho elgg] h;hLb l;+xn] xTof ug]{ p2]Zon] h]nleq} uf]nL k|xfƒ uƒ]„ ;'ƒIffdf ƒx]sf Ps k|xƒLn] tTsfn l;+xnfO{ lgoGq0fdf lnPsf sfƒ0f b'vb 36gf x'g kfPg„ � dGqL lji6dfly v's'/L k|xf/ g]skf Pdfn]sf s]Gb|Lo ;b‚o uf]s0f{ lji6dfly c1ft ;d"xn] @)^& r}q @* ut] a]n'sf uf]ª†ua' 6fpg Knflgª lgjf; glhs} v's'ƒL k|xfƒ uƒL uDeLƒ 3fOt] agfPsf 5g†„ lji6nfO{ k|wfgdGqL emngfy vgfnn] ;f]xL lbg pmhf{ dGqLdf lgo'lQmsf nflu l;kmflƒ; uƒ]sf lyP„ o; 36gfn] d'n'ssf] zflGt ;'ƒIffsf] oyfy{ lrq0f uƒ]sf] 5„ � b"tfjf;sf sd{rf/L cl;kmdfly uf]nL k|xf/ kfls‚tfgL b"tfjf;sf sd{rfƒL dxa'a cl;kmdfly )^* j}zfv ! ut] laxfg xltofƒwfƒL ;d"xn] j;'Gwfƒfdf uf]nL k|xfƒ uƒL uDeLƒ 3fOt] agfP„ lghsf] bfofF kfv'ƒf, tNnf] k]6 ƒ bfofF lt3|fdf uf]nL nfu]sf] 5„

uf]nL xfgL xTof k|of;cg'udg ;dfrf/

cho df]xkfncfhLjg ;b:o

;~hLjs'df/ zdf{ g]kfncfhLjg ;b:o

s]zjk|;fb vgfncfhLjg ;b:o

ljgfos kf]v/]ncfhLjg ;b:o

/fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ k|lti7fg

Raj Kumar GurungNational President

Nepal Matsushima Kyokushin Karate Association(Recognized by International Karate Organization, Japan)

(Affi liated to National Sports Council, Nepal)Tripureshwor, Kathmandu, Cell: 9841324349, Email: [email protected]

(Treasurer : Nationa Human Rights Foundation-HURFON)

Best Wishes for New Year-2068 B.S.

56

Communications Pvt. Ltd.Jawalakhel, Lalitpur, P.O.Box: 8207, Kathmandu, Nepal

Tel: +977-1-5523050, Fax: 977-1-5529403 Email: [email protected], Web: www.wlink.com.np




ljZjsdf{ /fli6«o Pstf ;dfh g]kfn

bnjL/ ljZjsdf{cWoIf, tyf

hg;fu/ art tyf C0f ;xsf/L ;+:yf ln= kl/jf/

l8= kL= cof{ncWoIf

cfTdf/fd k/fh'nL k||aGws

gofFahf/, sf7df8f}+kmf]g M $#^!#&&, )!^(@@$#*

Od]nM [email protected]

57

sf/jfxLsf] dfuldltM @)^&.&.@#

ƒfli6«o dfgj clwsfƒ k|lti7fg bfª zfvfsf ;x;lrj Pj+ ;~rfƒsdL{ afnfƒfd v8†sfnfO{{ sflQ{s @! ut] j]n'sf bfª t'n;Lk'ƒ ƒIffrf}ƒdf Ps cfkƒflws ;d"xn] ;fª†3flts cfqmd0f uƒL uDeLƒ 3fOt] agfPsf] 36gfn] xfdLnfO{{ cToGŒf} b'MvL ƒ lrlGtt agfPsf] 5 . xfdL o; 36gfsf] 3f]ƒ lgGbf ƒ eT;{gf ub{5f}+ . o; 36gfsf] ‚jtGq, lgikIf Pj+ k|efjsfƒL cg';Gwfg uƒL bf]ifLnfO{{ s8f sfg'gL sfƒjfxL, kLl8t kIfnfO{{ Gofo ƒ Iflt{k"lt{sf nflu k|lti7fg g]kfn ;ƒsfƒ ;dIf hf]8bfƒ dfu ub{5 . ;fy}, ;fdflhs sfo{stf{ Pj+ ;~rfƒsdL{x¿sf] plrt zflGt ;'ƒIffsf] Joj‚yf ldnfpg;d]t k|lti7fg g]kfn ;ƒsfƒ;dIf dfu ub{5 . xfdL clwsfƒsdL{ afnfƒfd v8†sfsf] zL3| ‚jf‚Yo nfesf] sfdgf ub{5f}+ .

xflb{s ;dj]bgfldlt M @)^&.)*.)#

dfgj clwsfƒ cfGbf]ngsf cu|h zfGtnfn d'NdLsf lktf g]kfnsf] k|hftflGqs cfGbf]ngsf cys of]4f, jlƒi7 ;dfh;]jL t'N;Ld]xƒ o'g]‚sf] Snasf cWoIf cfbƒ0fLo ?b|nfn d'NdLsf] () jif{sf] pd]ƒdf @)^& dª†l;ƒ ! ut] c;fdlos lgwg ePsf] yfxf kfpFbf xfdLnfO{ cToGt} b'Mv nfu]sf] 5 . pxfFsf] lgwgn] ƒfi6«nfO{ ck"ƒ0fLo Iflt k'u]sf] 5 . o; b'vb 38Ldf cfbƒ0fLo ?b|nfn d'NdLHo"sf] cfTdfsf] lrƒ zflGtsf] sfdgf;lxt zf]s ;GtKt klƒjfƒk|lt xflb{s ;dj]bgf k|s6 ub{5f}+ .

;+;b\df ePsf] czf]egLo sfo{sf] eT;{gfldlt M @)^&.*.$

ah]6 Nofpg] ljifodf @)^& dª†l;ƒ # ut] ƒflt ;+ljwfg;ef Joj‚yflksf ;+;b†df ePsf] nf]stflGqs d"No ƒ dfGotf ljkƒLtsf] czf]egLo sfo{sf] ƒfli6«o dfgj clwsfƒ k|lti7fg 3f]ƒ lgGbf ƒ eT;{gf ub{5 . b]zsf] eljio lgwf{ƒ0f ug]{ d'n'ssf] ;jf]{Rr lgsfosf ;ef;b†x¿af6} Joj‚yflksf ;+;b†sf] ;efsIfd} n'6kf6, tf]8kmf]8 ƒ dGqL Pj+ ;ef;b†x¿pkƒ s'6lk6 ePsf] 36gfn] ƒfi6««s} a]OHhtL ePsf] 5 . pQm cj;ƒdf dof{bf kfnsx¿sf] e"ldsf;d]t z"Go ƒ ;efd'v lgƒLx ePsf] cj‚yf b]lvof] . bnsf g]tfx¿ b]z ƒ hgtfk||lt OdfGbfƒ gePs} sfƒ0f o‚tf] czf]egLo 36gf 36]sf] eGg] xfdLnfO{ nfUb5 . o‚tf 36gfn] bnx¿aLr yk cljZjf; a9†g uO{ ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f ƒ zflGt k|lqmof g} ;ª†s6df kg{ ;Sg] ePsf] x'Fbf clanDj ;a} bnx¿aLr ;fy{s ;+jfb uƒL ƒfhgLlts lgsf; lbg k|lti7fg ;a} bn, g]kfn ;ƒsfƒ ƒ ;DalGwt ;a}df xflb{s clkn ub{5 .

/fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ k|lti7fgsf k|]; lj1lKtx¿afns bLk]Gb| lh;Lsf] hLjg /Iffsf nflu clkn

ldlt M @)^&.*.* slknj‚t', rgO % vu]Gb|k'ƒ lgjf;L dfwj lh;Lsf b'O{ jifL{o 5f]ƒf bLk]Gb| lh;LnfO{ c1ft ;d"xn] dª†l;ƒ $ ut] ;fFem ckxƒ0f uƒ]sf] ƒ lkmƒf}tLjfkt aL; nfv ¿k}ofF dfu uƒ]sf] ;dfrfƒk|lt ƒfli6«o dfgj clwsfƒ k|lti7fgsf] uDeLƒ Wofgfsif{0f ePsf] 5 . o‚tf] sfo{ dfgj ;Eotf ljkƒLtsf] h3Go ckƒfw ƒ dfgj clwsfƒsf] d"No ƒ dfGotf ljkƒLtsf] sfo{ xf] . To;}n] afns bLk]Gb|nfO{ h'g;'s} kIf jf ;d"xn] ckxƒ0f uƒ]sf] eP klg ljgf zt{ cljnDj ;s'zn lƒxf ulƒ lbg ƒfli6«o dfgj clwsfƒ k|lti7fg ljz]if clkn ub{5 . afnaflnsfx¿sf] ‚jtGqk"j{s afFRg kfpg]nufotsf clwsfƒx¿sf] ;Ddfg ƒ ;'lglZrt ug{ ;d]t xfdL ;a} kIf;Fu hf]8bfƒ clkn ub{5f}+ . ckxlƒt afns bLk]Gb|sf] ;s'zn lƒxfOsf nflu ;fy{s kxn ug{ k|lti7fg g]kfn ;ƒsfƒ;Fu xflb{s clkn ub{5 .

xflb{s awfO Pj+ z'esfdgfldlt M @)^&.*.(

dfOtL g]kfnsf cWoIf cfbƒ0fLo cg'ƒfwf sf]Oƒfnf ;g† @)!) sf] …;LPgPg lxƒf] cfkm lb OoƒÚ k'ƒ‚sfƒaf6 ;Ddflgt x'g' ePsf] ;dfrfƒn] ƒfli6«o dfgj clwsfƒ k|lti7fg klƒjfƒnfO{ cToGt} v';L nfu]sf] 5 . xfdL clwsfƒsdL{x¿sf nflu of] uj{sf] ljifo xf] . dlxnf tyf afnaflnsf a]rlavglj?4 nfdf] ;dob]lv cu|‚yfgdf ƒx]ƒ lgƒGtƒ lqmofzLn jlƒi7 clwsfƒsdL{ cg'ƒfwf sf]Oƒfnf ljZjeƒsf clwsfƒsdL{x¿sf] k|]ƒ0ffsf] ;|f]t aGg'ePsf] 5 . ljZjk|Voft ;LPgPg k'ƒ‚sfƒaf6 ;Ddflgt cg'ƒfwf sf]Oƒfnfk|lt ƒfli6«o dfgj clwsfƒ k|lti7fg xflb{s awfO 1fkg ub{5, ;fy} cfufdL lbgdf lgƒGtƒ of]ubfg ƒ ;kmntfsf] nflu z'esfdgf JoQm ub{5 .

lzv/ /fhg]tf e§/fO{k|lt xflb{s >4f~hnLldlt M @)^&.!!.@@

g]kfnsf] nf]stflGqs cfGbf]ngsf lzvƒ gfos, k"j{ k|wfgdGqL Pj+ g]kfnL sfª†u|];sf ;+‚yfks g]tf cfbƒ0fLo s[i0fk|;fb e§ƒfO{sf] *& jif{sf] pd]ƒdf @)^& kmfu'g @) ut] ƒflt ePsf] c;fdlos lgwgn] l;ª†uf] d'n's zf]sdf 8'a]sf] 5 . TofuL, lg8ƒ, OdfGbfƒ, ƒfi6««jfbL Pj+ nf]stGqsf] d"No ƒ dfGotf k|lt ;bf ;dlk{t lzvƒ ƒfhg]tf e§ƒfO{sf] lgwgn] d'n'snfO{{ ck"ƒ0fLo Iflt k'u]sf] 5 eg] ƒfi6««n] lzvƒ ƒfhg]tfnfO{{ u'dfPsf] 5 . d'n'sdf nf]stGqsf] ‚yfkgf ƒ o;sf] ;+‚yfut ljsf;sf nflu ‚j= e§ƒfO{sf] ;zQm Pj+ P]ltxfl;s g]t[Tj ƒ of]ubfgsf] ƒfi6««n] ;b}j pRr sbƒ ƒ ;Ddfg ulƒƒxg]5 . o; b'Mvb

58

38Ldf ƒfli6«o dfgj clwsfƒ k|lti7fg cfbƒ0fLo s[i0fk|;fb e§ƒfO{sf] cfTdfsf] lrƒzflGtsf] sfdgf;lxt efjk"0f{ >4f~hnL ck{0f ub{5 . ;fy} g]kfnL sfª†u|]; ƒ zf]s;GtKt klƒjfƒk|lt xflb{s ;dj]bgf JoQm ub{5 . ;fy}, o; 38Ldf bnx¿aLr ;'dw'ƒ ;DaGw, cfk;L ljZjf; ƒ ;xsfo{sf] jftfjƒ0f l;h{gf uƒL tf]lsPs} ;dodf ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f uƒL zflGt k|lqmofnfO{{ tfls{s lgisif{df k'¥ofpg k|lti7fg ;a} ƒfhgLlts bnx¿;dIf xflb{s clkn ub{5 . o;f] ulƒPdf dfq ‚j= e§ƒfO{k|lt ;Rrf >4f~hnL x'g]5 .

dfgjLo ;xof]usf nflu clknldlt M @)^&.!@.!)

emfkfsf] uf]nwfk ƒ df]ƒªsf] ;lgZrƒ]df ƒx]sf] e'6fgL zƒ0ffyL{ lzljƒdf r}q * ut] cfunfuL x'Fbf uf]nwfk lzljƒ k"ƒ} Wj‚t ePsf] ƒ ;lgZrƒ] lzljƒsf slƒa %)) 5fk|f hn]ƒ gi6 ePsf] ;dfrfƒn] ƒfli6«o dfgj clwsfƒ k|lti7fgnfO{ cToGt} b'MvL ƒ lrlGtt t'NofPsf] 5 . Gofosf] vf]hL ƒ kvf{Odf zƒ0ffyL{ lzljƒdf si6sƒ hLjg latfpFb} cfPsf e'6fgL zƒ0ffyL{pkƒ crfgs cfOkƒ]sf]] o; ljktsf 38Ldf cf–cfˆgf] If]qaf6 oy]i6 dfgjLo ;xof]u k'¥ofpg g]kfn ;ƒsfƒ, ;+o'Qm ƒfi6««;ª†3, cGtƒf{li6«o ;d'bfo ƒ ;a} kIf ;dIf ƒfli6«o dfgj clwsfƒ k|lti7fg xflb{s clkn ub{5 . o; b'vb 38Ldf xfdL e'6fgL zƒ0fyL{x¿k|lt ulxƒf] ;xfg"e'lt ;lxt 3fOt]x¿sf] zL3| ‚jf‚Yo nfesf] sfdgf ub{5f}+ .

g]kfn ;/sf/;dIf clknldlt M @)^&.!@.!#

‚juL{o lªd kf;fª z]kf{sf 5f]ƒfx¿ l;Gw'kfNrf]s lhNnf, uftL uflj;–& 3ƒ eO{ xfn sf7df8f}+ dxfguƒkflnsf, dxfaf}4df ;fdfGo Jofkfƒ ub}{ cfpg' ePsf cfªsfhL z]kf{ ƒ lgdsfhL z]kf{nfO{{ dfcf]jfbL sfo{stf{ atfpg] cklƒlrt ;d"xn] afƒDafƒ

7"nf] wgƒfzL rGbf dfu ug]{, xfn b]z aflxƒ ƒxg'ePsL alxgL t]g ;fªd' z]kf{sf afƒ]df vf]hLgLlt ug]{, ljleGg 8ƒ, wDsL lbg] uƒ]sf]k|lt ƒfli6«o dfgj clwsfƒ k|lti7fgsf] uDeLƒ Wofgfsif{0f ePsf] 5 . of] sfo{ h'g;'s} kIf jf ;d"xaf6 ulƒPsf] eP klg ƒfli6«o dfgj clwsfƒ k|lti7fg 3f]ƒ lgGbf ƒ eT;{gf ub{5 . d'n's ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f k|lqmofdf ƒx]sf] ƒ ;ª†qmd0fsfnsf] kmfObf p7fO b]zdf c‚yLƒtf pTkGg uƒfpg vf]Hg] h'g;'s} kIf jf ;d"xsf dflg;x¿af6 o; k|sfƒsf] k|hftGqljƒf]wL ultljlw ePsf] eP klg tTsfn lgikIf 5fglag uƒL bf]ifLnfO{ s8f sfg'gL sfƒafxL ƒ kLl8tkIfnfO{ eƒkbf]{ zflGt ;'ƒIffsf] tTsfn Joj‚yf ldnfpg k|lti7fg g]kfn ;ƒsfƒ;dIf xflb{s clkn ub{5 . ;fy} z]kf{ klƒjfƒsf] hLjg ƒIff ƒ dfgjLo ;xof]usf nflu k|lti7fg ;DalGwt ;a} kIf ƒ lgsfo;Fu xflb{s cg'ƒf]w ub{5 .

hLjg /Iffsf nflu clknldlt M @)^&.!@.@)

sf‚sL lhNnfsf] lgd{n kf]vƒL uflj;–! ‚yfoL 3ƒ eO{ xfn sf7df8f}Fdf c‚yfoL ?kdf a;f]af; ub} cfpg' ePsf g]kfnL sfª\u|];sf ;lqmo sfo{stf{ Pj+ o; k|lti7fgsf cfhLjg ;b‚o åGå kLl8t ‚jf‚Yo;]jL tyf ;dfh;]jL eQmaxfb'ƒ s];L;Fu cfkm"nfO{ dfcf]jfbL sfo{stf{ atfpg] Ps ;d"xn] lgƒGtƒ ljleGg 7fpF ƒ kmf]gaf6 7"nf] ƒsd rGbf dfu ug]{, ;'ƒIff lgsfodf vaƒ gug{ ;d]t ljleGg wDsL lbg] eQm axfb'ƒ s];Lsf 5f]ƒf k|tfk s];L ƒ 5f]ƒL ;d]tnfO{ ef}lts sfƒjfxL ƒ ckxƒ0f ug]{ h‚tf wDsL lbg] uƒ]sf]k|lt ƒfli6«o dfgj clwsfƒ k|lti7fgsf] uDeLƒ Wofgfsif0f{ ePsf] 5 . xfdL o;k|sfƒsf dfgj clwsfƒsf] d"No ƒ dfGotf ljkƒLtsf 36gfsf] 3f]ƒ lgGbf ƒ eT;{gf ub{5f}+ . ;fy} o; 36gfsf] lgikIf 5fgljg uƒL bf]ifLnfO{ sfƒjfxL ƒ s];L klƒjfƒsf] hLjgƒIff, plrt zflGt ;'ƒIff ƒ dfgjLo ;xof]usf nflu k|lti7fg g]kfn ;ƒsfƒ ƒ ;DalGwt ;a} kIf;Fu xflb{s clkn ub{5 .

YETI OVERSEAS PVT. LTD.Your Right Partner in Foreign Manpower

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Tel: 977-1-4720366, 2091130, Fax: 977-1-4721307Email: [email protected], Website: www.yetioverseas.com(*Life Member - National Human Rights Foundation–HURFON)

Abdul Aziz Miya*Managing Director

BEST WISHES, On the auspicious occasion of New Year 2068 B.S. We extend our best wishes to all Nepalese people for their life

long happiness, peace and prosperity

59

� bfª zfvf � ;fwf/0f;ef k|lti7fgsf] bfª zfvfsf] rf}yf] ;fwfƒ0f;ef @)^& dª†l;ƒ !) ut] t'n;Lk'ƒdf ;DkGg eof] . zfvf ;efklt ljgf]bs'dfƒ >]i7sf] ;efkltTjdf ;DkGg ;fwfƒ0f;efaf6 gofF sfo{;ldltsf] rog ePsf] 5 . gj lgjf{lrt sfo{;ldltsf] ;efkltdf ljgf]bs'dfƒ >]i7, pk;efkltdf sd; k'‚sƒ lwtfn, u0f]z kfw]{, dw';'bg s]=;L, ;lrjdf afnfƒfd v8†sf, sf]iffWoIfdf ;Gtf]ifs'dfƒ u'Ktf, ;x–;lrjdf zflnsƒfd jnL ƒ ;b‚ox¿df >LdtL lsƒ0f >]i7, lgƒh >]i7, ƒfhg s]=;L, h;ƒfh lj=s=, eLd;]g nxƒ] ƒ eLdnfn dƒf;'gL rog x'g' ePsf] 5 . To‚t} ;Nnfxsfƒdf lji0f'd0fL lwtfn, k|]dk|;fb cfrfo{, lxƒfrGb s]=;L, ch'{g luƒL, ;'zLn Gof}kfg] ƒ lji0f'k|;fb cfrfo{ rog x'g' ePsf] 5 .� ljZj dfgj clwsf/ lbj; ^@cf}F ljZj dfgj clwsfƒ lbj;sf] cj;ƒdf dª†l;ƒ @$ ut] bfªsf ̂ j6f ljBfnosf afnaflnsfx¿nfO{{ dfgj clwsfƒ;DaGwL k|lzIf0f k|bfg ulƒPsf] lyof] . ;efklt ljgf]bs'dfƒ >]i7 ƒ pk;efklt u0f]z kfw]{;d]tn] k|lzIf0f k|bfg ug'{ ePsf] lyof] .� cg'udg ƒfk|kf g]kfn ƒ ƒfi6««jfbL o'jf;ª†3n] kf}if ! ut] ƒ y?x6n] kf}if $ ut] cfXjfg uƒ]sf] aGb x8†tfnsf] bfª zfvfn] cg'udg u¥of] .� cGtlqm{of sfo{qmd k|lti7fgsf s]Gb|Lo cWoIf cfgGbk|;fb cfrfo{sf] k|d'v cfltYodf bfª zfvfn] kf}if !) ut] t'n;Lk'ƒdf efjL ;+ljwfg ƒ zflGt k|lqmof ljifos cGtlqm{of sfo{qmd ;DkGg u¥of]„ s]Gb|Lo cWoIf cfrfo{n] tf]lsPsf] ;do ;Ldfleq ;+ljwfg gag] b]zdf dfgj clwsfƒsf] l‚ylt emg} eofjx x'g] atfpFb} ;a} g]tfx¿n] JolQmut Pj+ bnut ‚jfy{ TofuL ƒfli6«o ‚jfy{df h'6†g'kg]{df hf]8 lbg'ePsf] lyof] . cfrfo{n] ;+ljwfg lgdf0f{sf nflu lgƒGtƒ bafa l;h{gf ulƒƒxg' kg]{df ;d]t hf]8 lbg'ePsf] lyof] . zfvf ;efklt ljgf]bs'dfƒ >]i7sf] cWoIftfdf ;DkGg sfo{qmddf ljleGg jQmfx¿n] af]Ng'ePsf] lyof] eg] kqsfƒ ch'{g luƒLnfO{ ;Ddfg uƒ]sf] lyof] . � dfgjLo ;xof]u k|lti7fgsf] bfª zfvfsf k"j{ ;lrj Pj+ kqsfƒ b]jLƒfd s';fƒLsf] 3ƒ kf}if !^ ut] cfunfuLdf kƒL wg ;DklQ gi6 ePsf] x'Fbf zfvf ;efklt ljgf]bs'dfƒ >]i7 ƒ bfª zfvfdf

k|lti7fgsf zfvf ultljlwcfa4 ;Nnfxsfƒ kbflwsfƒL Pj+ ;b‚ox¿ ;d]taf6 ?= @^)^%.– ;ª†sng uƒL ;xof]u pknJw uƒfpg] sfo{ ePsf] 5 . o;ƒL ;xof]u ug]{x¿df ljgf]bs'dfƒ >]i7, ;';Ln Gof}kfg], zflnsƒfd lj=s, k'‚sƒ lwtfn, lbk]Gb« luƒL, ludfgGb 8fFuL, nf]saxfb'ƒ ;'gfƒ, lxƒf rGb s]=;L, k|sfz >]i7, >LdtL lsƒ0f >]i7, ƒfhg s]=;L, h;ƒfh lj=s, led;]g nxƒ], ch'{g luƒL, lji0f'k|;fb cfrfo{, dgf]h zfx, k|df]b xf]‚gL, Clifƒfh zdf{, bfdf]bƒ u'Ktf, r]jgk|sfz luƒL, ;Gtf]ifs'dfƒ u'Ktf, cf]lxb l;4LsL, zflnsƒfd jnL, u0f]z kfw]{, dw';'bg s]=;L=, afnfƒfd v8†sf, lji0f'dl0f lwtfn, eLdnfn dƒf;LgL, ƒ ofbjk|;fb lwtfn ƒxg'ePsf] 5 .� P;Pn;L k/LIffsf] cg'udg oxL r}q !) b]lv !( ut];Dd ;~rfng ePsf] P;Pn;L kƒLIffsf] k|lti7fgsf] bfª zfvfn] ‚ynut cg'udg u¥of] .

� Ko"7fg zfvf ƒfli6«o dfgj clwsfƒ k|lti7fgsf] Ko"7fg zfvfsf] pb†3f6g r}q % ut] vnª†uf ahfƒdf ;DkGg eof] . zfvf ;efklt uf]ljGb lƒhfnsf] ;efkltTjdf ;DkGg pb†3f6g ;dfƒf]xdf Ko"7fg lhNnfsf k|d'v lhNnf clwsfƒL gGbLlszf]ƒ lqkf7L, bfª zfvf ;efklt ljgf]bs'dfƒ >]i7 ƒ ljleGg ƒfhgLlts bnsf g]tf Pj+ ;fdflhs ;ª†3 ;+‚yfsf k|ltlglwx¿sf] ;xeflutf ƒx]sf] lyof] . k|d'v lhNnf clwsfƒL lqkf7Lnufot g]kfnL sfª†u|];sf wg nIdL >]i7, PsLs[t dfcf]jfbLsf dfwj zdf{, ƒfk|kfsf a'4axfb'ƒ kL;L, SofDk; k|d'vnufot, clwsfƒsdL{x¿n] k|lti7fgsf] k"0f{ ;kmntfsf] sfdgf ug'{ePsf] lyof] . clwsf+z jQmfx¿n] ;dod} ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f uƒL zflGt k|lqmofnfO{{ 6'ª†uf]df k'¥ofpg'kg]{df hf]8 lbPsf lyP .

� pbok'/ zfvf k|lti7fgsf] pbok'ƒ zfvfsf] ;Dd]ng oxL dª†l;ƒ @# ut] ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . ;Dd]ngaf6 o'jƒfh kƒfh'nLsf] ;efkltTjdf pk;efklt hgs luƒL, ;lrjdf lkmƒf]h vfg cln, sf]iffWoIfdf df};d ƒfO{, ;x–;lrjdf ?b|k|;fb kf]vƒ]n ƒ ;b‚ox¿df z}n]z a‚g]t, t]hgfƒfo0f rf}wƒL, d'gf luƒL, dldqf cfn], sf]lknf ƒfO{, l;h{gf v8†sf ƒ b]j]Gb| clwsfƒL rog x'g' ePsf] 5 .

� slknj:t' zfvf k|lti7fgsf] slknj‚t' zfvfn] ̂ @ cf}+ ljZj dfgj clwsfƒ lbj; dª†l;ƒ @$ ut] ljleGg sfo{qmdsf ;fy dgfof] . ;efklt

60

lji0f'k|;fb vltj8fsf] cWoIftfdf ;DkGg sfo{qmddf zflGt ƒ ;+ljwfgsf] dfu ub} df]6ƒ;fOsn ¥ofnLsf] cfof]hgf ulƒof] . guƒklƒqmdf kl5 rGb|f}6fdf cfof]lht sf]0f;efdf ;efklt vltj8fnufot clwsfƒsdL{x¿ xlƒk|;fb kf]vƒ]n, g]qƒfh clwsfƒL, zƒb clwsfƒL, ch'{g ;ƒnufotsf jQmfx¿n] lgwf{lƒt ;dod} dfgj clwsfƒ d}qL ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f ulƒg' kg]{df hf]8 lbg' ePsf] lyof] . k|lti7fgåfƒf slknj‚t' h]ndf ƒx]sf aGbLx¿nfO{{ dfgj clwsfƒ lbj;sf cj;ƒdf kmnkm"n ljtƒ0f;d]t ulƒPsf] lyof] . o;}aLr o; jif{sf] hf8f] ;dodf ;j{;fwfƒ0fsf] ;xhsf nflu bfpƒfsf] Joj‚yf uƒL 7fpF–7fp“df cfuf] afNg] Joj‚yf;d]t u¥of] eg] kf}if dlxgfdf zfvf e|d0fdf ƒxg' ePsf s]Gb|Lo cWoIf cfgGbk|;fb cfrfo{sf] pkl‚yltdf k|lti7fgsf kbflwsfƒL ;b‚ox¿aLr dfgj clwsfƒsf ljljw kIfdf;d]t kƒfdz{ ePsf] lyof] .

� af}4 zfvf k|lti7fgsf] sf7df8f}Fl‚yt af}4 zfvfn] ^#cf}+ ljZj dfgj clwsfƒ lbj;sf cj;ƒdf ljZj zflGtsf] sfdgf ub}{ af}4 ‚t'kf klƒ;ƒdf zflGt lbk k|Hhjng sfo{qmd

;DkGg u¥of] . ;efklt 3dfg tfdfª, pk;efkltx¿ lgdbf]h]{ z]kf{, kf;fª tfdfª, ;lrj ;lGhj of]Ghg ƒ ;lqmo ;b‚o nfSkf nfdfsf] ;lqmotfdf ;DkGg sfo{qmddf s]Gb|Lo dxf;lrj ejfgLk|;fb vƒ]n ƒ ;Nnfxsfƒ k|f= slkn >]i7 ;d]tsf] ;xeflutf ƒx]sf] lyof] . af}4 zfvfn] sf7df8f}Fdf lgoldt ¿kdf dfgj clwsfƒsf] cg'udg ub}{ cfPsf] 5 . sfo{qmddf af}4 leIf'x¿nufot xhfƒf}+sf] ;xeflutf ƒx]sf] lyof] . s]Gb|sf] dfgj clwsfƒ cg'udg k|sfzgdf;d]t af}4 zfvfsf] pNn]v ;xof]u ƒxFb} cfPsf] 5 .

� eQmk'/ zfvf k|lti7fgsf] eQmk'ƒ zfvfn] eQmk'ƒ lhNnfdf x'g] dfgj clwsfƒ pNnª†3gsf 36gf ƒ aGb, x8†tfnh‚tf sfo{df lgƒGtƒ cg'udg ub} { cfPsf] 5 . ;efklt ƒfduf]ljGb vfuL -lsƒ0f_, pk;efklt ƒfdeQm ;'jfn ƒ ;lrj ƒfwfs[i0f e08fƒL nufotsf kbflwsfƒLx¿sf] ;lqmo ;xeflutf ƒxFb} cfPsf] 5 eg] s]Gb«sf] dfgj clwsfƒ cg'udg k|sfzgdf zfvf ;efklt ƒfduf]ljGb vfuLsf] ljz]if of]ubfg ƒxFb} cfPsf] 5 .

k|lti7fgsf zfvfx¿nfO{{ ;"rgfk|lti7fgsf zfvfx¿n] ;~rfng uƒ]sf ultljlw Pj+ cleofgx¿sf] ;dfrfƒ ƒ tl‚jƒx¿ lgoldt ¿kdf s]Gb|df k|]lift ug{, b'O{ jif{ Dofb k'u]sf zfvfx¿n] ;fwfƒ0f;ef uƒL gofF sfo{;ldltsf] gfdfjnL;d]t k7fpg, ;b‚otf gjLsƒ0f ƒ ejg lgdf{0f sf]if a[l4df Wofg lbg;d]t cg'ƒf]w ulƒG5 .

lqk'/;'Gb/L sG;{gs6'Gh]–^, ;Nnf3f/L eQmk'/, kmf]g M ^^!)&#), df]= (*%!)%)^((

/fh]Gb| sdf{rfo{*k|f]k|fO6/

-*cfhLjg ;b:oM /fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ k|lti7fg_

x]6f}+8f l;d]G6, a[h l;d]G6 / hubDaf l;d]G6sf] clws[t laqm]tf .

lxdfn, ;u/ / Pr=kL= Uof“; l8kf] .

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/fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ k|lti7fgyk ;b:ox¿sf] ;"rL

cfhLjg ;b:ox¿qm= ;+= gfd 7]ufgf!#@ eQmaxfb'ƒ s]=;L= sf7df8f}!## ljgfos kf]vƒ]n ;'g;ƒL!#$ cho df]xkfn emfkf!#% ;~hLjs'dfƒ zdf{ g]kfn afƒf!#^ s]zjk|;fb vgfn df]ƒª!#& ljsf; s'dfƒ cu|jfn nlntk'ƒ!#* dgs'dfƒL nfdf afƒf!#( kf;fª tfdfª l;Gw'kfNrf]s

;lqmo ;b:ox¿qm= ;+= gfd 7]ufgf(() lji0f'k|;fb vltj8f slknj‚t'((! Olk|tf e§ƒfO{ sf7df8f}((@ ;'ƒh clwsfƒL slknj‚t'((# ƒfdk|;fb Gof}kfg] slknj‚t'(($ elQmƒfd kf]vƒ]n slknj‚t'((% ƒd]z ;'j]bL slknj‚t'((^ vu]Zjƒ luƒL slknj‚t'((& cf]dk|sfz e08fƒL slknj‚t'((* lkmlNk df]xDdb slknj‚t'((( ;Ltfƒfd rf}wƒL slknj‚t'!))) l6sfk|;fb a]Naf;] slknj‚t'!))! e'jg k|;fb kf}8]n slknj‚t'!))@ ljdnf kf}8]n slknj‚t'!))# ch'{gs'dfƒ kf}8]n slknj‚t'!))$ s'nk|;fb vgfn slknj‚t'!))% pdfgfy ;'j]bL slknj‚t'!))^ n]vgfy ;'j]bL slknj‚t'!))& uf]kfnk|;fb aGhf8] slknj‚t'!))* dSa'n vfg slknj‚t'!))( gGblszf]ƒ u'Ktf slknj‚t'!)!) lrGtf axfb'ƒ bhL{ slknj‚t'!)!! zDe' ;]g slknj‚t'!)!@ lgd{nk|sfz e08fƒL slknj‚t'!)!# lutf kf}8]n slknj‚t'!)!$ xf]dgfy clwsfƒL slknj‚t'

!)!% ljdnf sF8]n slknj‚t'!)!^ lbg]z vgfn slknj‚t'!)!& k|sfz Gof}kfg] slknj‚t'!)!* ljho ;fksf]6f slknj‚t'!)!( wd{ƒfh u}ƒ] slknj‚t'!)@) chos'dfƒ d'ƒfp slknj‚t'!)@! o1k|;fb kf08]o slknj‚t'!)@@ lji0f'k|;fb cof{n slknj‚t'!)@# gGbƒfd kf}8]n slknj‚t'!)@$ zª†sƒ u}ƒ] slknj‚t'!)@% clgn vfg slknj‚t'!)@^ ;'ƒ]z vltj8f eQmk'ƒ!)@& ;Gtf]if >]i7 bfª!)@* o'jƒfh kƒfh'nL pbok'ƒ!)@( hgs luƒL pbok'ƒ!)#) lkmƒf]h vfg pbok'ƒ!)#! ?b|k|;fb kf]vƒ]n pbok'ƒ!)#@ sf]lknf ƒfO{ pbok'ƒ!)## t]hgfƒfo0f rf}wƒL pbok'ƒ!)#$ b]j]Gb| clwsfƒL pbok'ƒ!)#% z}n]z a‚g]t pbok'ƒ!)#^ l;h{gf v8†sf pbok'ƒ!)#& dldqf cfn] duƒ pbok'ƒ!)#* ;bLks'dfƒ >]i7 bfª!)#( w|'j uf}td bfª!)$) k|ltdf kf]vƒ]n sf‚sL!)$! sdnf s]=;L= sf7df8f}F!)$@ k|tfk s]=;L= sf7df8f}F!)$# k|ldnf s]=;L= sf7df8f}F!)$$ clgtf uf}td cf]vn9'ª†uf!)$% v8†u j‚g]t s~rgk'ƒ!)$^ lvjƒfh bxfn Onfd!)$& sf}lznf b]jL yfkf -sfsL{_ sfe|]!)$* rGb| axfb'ƒ lji6 wgs'6f!)$( ‚jfutƒfh kf08]o sf7df8f}F!)%) xlƒaxfb'ƒ wfdL afh'ƒf!)%! >Lƒfd lji6 sf7df8f}F!)%@ ‚j]tf kf]vƒ]n ;'g;/L!)%# bLk]Gb|s'df/ aflgof bfª

c+s !$ af6 qmdzM =========

62

/fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ k|lti7fg ejg lgdf{0f sf]ifsf] cg'/f]w

o; k|lti7fgsf] kfFrf}+ /fli6«o ;Dd]ngaf6 k|lti7fgsf] ejg lgdf{0f sf]if :yfkgf ul/Psf] x'Fbf o; sf]ifdf ;xof]u ug{ k|lti7fgsf ;+:yfks, cfhLjg, ;lqmo ;b:ox¿, s]Gb|Lo Pj+ lhNnf sfo{;ldlt, ;Nnfxsf/, ;xof]uL, z'elrGts, pBf]uL, Jofkf/L, ;dfh;]jL, k]zf Joj;foLnufot ;j{;fwf/0f;d]tdf xflb{s cg'/f]w ul/G5 .

/fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ k|lti7fg ejg lgdf{0f sf]if — art vftf g+= $$@%#

/fli6«o jfl0fHo a}+s, zfvf sfof{no l;+xb/af/, k'tnL;8s, sf7df8f}+

ejg lgdf{0f sf]ifdf yk /sd hDdf ug'{x'g] dxfg'efjx¿-Go"gtd ?= ! xhf/ ;xof]u pknAw u/fpg] dxfg'efjx¿sf] gfdfjnL qmdzM k|sflzt ul/g]5_

;xof]u pknAw u/fpg] a}+s 7]ufgf

/fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ k|lti7fg ejg lgdf{0f sf]if — art vftf g+= $*!))!&%))##!

glan a}+s ln=, zfvf sfof{no cgfdgu/, sf7df8f}+

-yk hfgsf/Lsf] nflu kmf]g g+= $$^#!@& jf (*%!)&&%&) df ;Dks{ /fVg'xf]nf_Od]n M [email protected], [email protected]

!= x'kmf]{g slknj:t' zfvf #,%)).–@= x'kmf]{g bfª zfvf yk /sd @,))).–#= s]zj ;'gf/, sf7df8f}F %))).–$= x'kmf]{g ;'g;/L zfvf %!)!.–%= x'kmf]{g pbok'/ zfvf !))).–^= eQmaxfb'/ s]= ;L=, sf7df8f}F !))).–

dfgj clwsf/ cg'udg c+s !$ af6 qmdzM

&= ljgfos kf]v/]n, ;'g;/L !))).–*= h]= aL= ;Knfo;{, eQmk'/ @),))).–(= cho df]xkfn, emfkf !,))).–!)= s]zjk|;fb vgfn, df]/ª !,))).–!!= ljsf;s'df/ cu|jfn, nlntk'/ !,))).–!@= kf;fª tfdfª, l;Gw'kfNrf]s !))).–

-k|lti7fgsf] ejg lgdf{0f sf]ifdf xfn;Dd k|fKt /sd / Aofh u/L s'n /sd ?= @,)(%@!.&) -cIf]/]kL b'O{ nfv gf} xhf/ kfFr ;o PSsfO;, k};f ;Q/L_ ;ª\sng ePsf]df ?= @ nfv glan a}+s ln= df d'2lt vftfdf /flvPsf] / afFsL /sd a}+s art vftfdf df}Hbft /x]sf] 5 .

HIGHTENSION SWITCHGEARS PVT. LTD.A.T. Complex, New Plaza, Kathmandu, Nepal, Ph: 4435097, Fax: 4435885

Dwarika ShresthaDwarika Shrestha Rajendra Kumar AgrawalRajendra Kumar Agrawal

FOR ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANS, DIST. SYSTEM RELATED EQUIPMENT, SPARES & POWER INSTALLATION TURNKEY JOBS

BEST WISHESOn the auspicious occasion of New Year 2068 B.S. We extend our best wishes

to all Nepalese people for their life long happiness, peace and prosperity

BEST WISHES for New Year 2068 B.S.

o; /fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ k|lti7fgsf s]Gb|Lo ;b:o

>L l6= Pg= Gof}kfg] ægj/fhÆ / lrtjg lgjf;L ;'>L ;'wf l3ld/]aLr j}jflxs ;DaGw :yflkt ePsf]

;'vb cj;/df awfO{ 1fkg ub}{ ;kmn /

;'vb bfDkTo hLjgsf nflu

xflb{s d+undo z'esfdgf

JoQm ub{5f}+ .

cfgGbk|;fb cfrfo{tyf

/fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ k|lti7fg kl/jf/

Working to end extreme poverty Poverty Alleviation Fund (PAF) was established in 2004 as a special and targeted programme to bring the excluded communities in the mainstream of development, by involving the poor and disadvantaged groups themselves in the driving seat of development efforts. Initially established by an ordinance in 2004, PAF is governed by an act since 2006. PAF is implemented through a 12 members Board chaired by the Prime Minister.

The objectivesPAF is contributing on bringing the level of

poverty down to 10 percent in 20 years in pursuant with the long term goal of G o v e r n m e n t of Nepal; and reduce poverty by half by the year 2015 as per the Millennium D e v e l o p m e n t Goals (MDGs)

The Strategy PAF has taken strategy to enable poor people through social mobilization and capacity building to organize and obtain quality basic services in cost-effective and sustainable manner with their direct involvement. PAF uses Partner Organizations (POs) to help facilitate poor vulnerable people and their community Groups or Organizations to implement the programme components, and they include local bodies, NGOs/ CBOs and private sector organizations. PAF also seeks to build partnership with various organizations working in its areas of operation at the village, district and national level in order to ensure holistic development intervention to bring discernible

impact on poverty reduction and scaling up the programmes in considerably less time

The ApproachPAF has followed six guiding principles: namely (a) Targeted to the poor (Antodaya) (b) Social Inclusion(Samabesi) (c) Demand Driven approach ( Maag Anusar) (d) Transparency (Pardarsita), (e)Direct funding to community organizations of the poor(Prataksha Bhuktani), and (f) Community Institutional Development(Samudaya Ko Sansthagat Bikash) Social Mobilization, Income Generation, Small Community Infrastructure Development and Capacity Building are the four major programme components of PAF. The target benefi ciaries of PAF are the poor women, Dalit, Janajatis, and the vulnerable communities living below the poverty line.

The coverageWith the recent addition of 15 districts, the total programme districts of PAF have reached to 40. Another set of 15 districts will be added very soon. Remaining 20 districts will be covered through poverty pocket approach

The progress so farBy mid June 2010, PAF has helped target communities to be organized into 13,852 different Community Organizations to implement 12,897 income generation and 2,596 community infrastructure related sub-projects. Similarly PAF has helped over 373,498 CO member households to gain access to resources and develop their own projects aiming to secure their livelihoods. . Among the CO member households, 29 per cent are Dalits and 27 per cent are Janajatis, 2 per cent Muslim and 72 per cent woman. Similarly 66 per cent of benefi ciaries’ households are hardcore poor who has food suffi ciency for less than 3 months.

PAF Nepal

cfhLjg ;b:o/fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ k|lti7fg

� olb tkfO{n] w/fg gu/kflnsfnfO{ s'g} s/ ltg'{ kg]{ eP ljrf/ ug'{xf]nf .

� PsLs[t ;DklQs/ rfn" cf=j= sf] kf}if d;fGtleq a'emfO{ nfUg] s/df !) k|ltzt 5'6 kfOG5 .

� cGos/x¿ eP cflZjg d;fGtleq a'emfP !) k|ltzt 5'6 kfOG5 .

� cf=a= @)^@÷)^# eGbf cl3sf] aSof}tf s/ /sddf #) k|ltzt ;Dd hl/jfgf nfUg ;S5 .

� cf=a= @)^@÷)^# b]lv cf=a= e'QmfgL ePsf] klxnf] jif{df @% k|ltzt, bf];|f] %) k|ltzt, t];|f]df &% k|ltzt / rf}yf] jif{b]lv !)) k|ltzt;Dd hl/jfgf nfUg] ePsf]n] ;dodfg} gu/kflnsfnfO{ ltg'{ kg]{s/ r'Qf u/L 5'6 lng / hl/jfgfaf6 aRg w/fg gu/kflnsf cg'/f]w ub{5 .

w/fg gu/kflnsfsf] cg'/f]w

w/fg gu/kflnsfw/fg, ;'g;/L

Best WishesOn the auspicious occasion

of New Year 2068 B.S. We extend our best wishes to all

Nepalese people for their life long happiness, peace and prosperity

HURFON Cover 15 Monitor No... · HURFON: An Overview zflGt / ;+ljwfg lgdf {0f sfzL/fh bfxfn !...

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