Hướng dẫn mua máy ảnh cũ

7/30/2019 Hng dn mua my nh c

1/20

Hng dn mua my nh cKhng phi ai cng c sn ti chnh mua my nh mi vi gi cao, chnh vvy nhiu ngi ngh n vic tm mua my nh c qua s dng. u im

chnh ca my nh c l s hp dn v gi c v nu cn thn, k lng bnc th tm c nhng chic my nh rt tt, ph hp vi ti tin v s thch.

Mt c im tng i d thy i vi nhng ngi yu nhip nh l thng xuyn"ln i" my. Mt chic my nh c tui th tng i di (thng trn 10 nm),nhng thi gian l qu nhiu cho pht trin cc cng ngh mi tin tin. V thnhiu ngi mun bn my nh c nng cp ln my nh mi, ph hp vi cngngh hn.

Bn cnh cn c hai "ngun" my nh c ni bt, mt l nhng ngi yu cngngh v c ti chnh tt mun i my tha mn nhu cu chy theo mt, v cng

tha mn nim am m khm ph nhng cng ngh nhip nh tin tin nht; hai lnhng ngi cn tin gp u t vic g .

Khi mua my nh c, bn nn n nhng ca hng c thng hiu t lu,c nhiungi tin tng, phn hi tt. Gi my y c th t hn so vi ngi dng bn bnngoi v cc ca hng s bo hnh t 3 6 thng cho bn nu my c trc trc. Ccca hng ny c a ch c th nn bn cng yn tm hn.

Bn cng c th mua trc tip ca ch my nu cm thy tin tng, gi c v ttnhng khng c bo hnh lu, thng th bao test vi ngy n mt tun. My hngth tr li, hon tin.

Mt vi lu khi mua my nh c

Xc nh rnhu cu chnhkhi mua my nh: iu ny stc ng n gi c, ccph kin i km cng nh vng i ca chic my.

Tm hiu bo gimy mi ti cc ca hng, khoanh vng mu my tht s quan tm nm c mc gi hp l.

Tm hiu tnh nng, phn hi cht lngca cc dng my trc khi mua.Khng nn mua dng my qu c, cht lng phn cng cng nh cng ngh khng

cn m bo.

Theo nhiu th sa cha,mn hnh, ng knh v pinl nhng yu t d b tc ngnht trong qu trnh s dng, cn kim tra k nhng yu t ny.


2/20

Hnh thc bn ngoi cng cn c ch

Cn ch hnh thc bn ngoi, nhng vt xc nh ti thiu l c th chp nhnc do qu trnh s dng hoc b c xt vo cc vt khc. Tuy nhin vt nt h k,vt xc di hoc b mp th kh nng l my b va p mnh.

Kim tra c vttrn my v trn ng knh xem c b xc, tot ren khng.

ng knhc b bi v xc khng, th zoom xa, zoom gn xem m t c pht tingku to khc thng khng, c b lc xc khng.

Th tt c cc ntxem c chc taykhng, cc nt hot ng c chnh xc khng, nhy ca cc nt c tt khng c bit l nt chp.

Nu c th yu cu ngi bn sc ypint trc c th th vn hnh ti ch mtkhong thi gian di kim tra k, ng thi xem c hin tng st pin khng, pinc b chai khng. Sc pin c c khng.

Kim tra mn hnh LCDc im cht hay khng, mn hnh hin th cht lng thno, chp t giy trng xem c xut hin im en khng.

Chp vi ch t ng, trong iu kin nh sng thpxem flash hot ngthno, c t nh khng, mc bao ph nh sng tt khng.

Ph kin i kmtt nht l cn y : giy t mua bn, thi im bo hnh i km,v hp, cp, a CD, pin, th nh Lu test s dng cc ph kin ny.


3/20

Ln cc din n chuyn nghip nh Xm nhip nh, vnphoto, forum cc hng mynh tm hiu thng tin.

Tm hiu k v chic my nh mua v t vn ca ngi hiu bit

Nh ngi c kinh nghim, hiu bit v my nh i cng t vn.

Kim tras chc chn ca my

Kim trachtlng nh chp

Kim tras lng nh chp

Tho ng knh, y np thn my v chp 3 bc ch manual, chnh ISO thp vthi gian chp l 1/20 giy. Nu bc hnh chp ra my tnh c m xanh, , th nnxem xt li trc khi mua.

Vi ng knh i km my, kim tra kh nng ly nt, tc chp, xem c b bi bnkhng


4/20

Kim tra tt c cc np y vcc cng kt nixem c vn g khng, nu c r sthoc bi bn th chng t my khng c quan tm dn dp cho lm.

Tui th ca my nh ng knh ri thng thng khong 100 150 nghn shot. Numy chp khong gn 100 nghn shot th nn cn nhc vic mua my. C th dng

cc chng trnh kim tra s kiu chp. Vi Canon, phn mm ph bin nht lEOSinfo nhng c nhng hng khng c phn mm kim tra.

Nn mua thm nhngthit b bo v, bo qun my nh hp chng m, ti ngchng va p, knh lc, hood che.

Trn y l mt s lu , mt chic my nh c gi tr khng phi l nh, n cn baogm c s am m ngh thut trong nn cc bn ng ngi mt thi gian m tmhiu tht k v chic my trc khi quyt nh mua. Chc cc bn lun sng to vam m vi chic my nh ca mnh.


5/20

B quyt cn chnh cc thng s my nh.Lm th no chp c nhng bc nh sng? C ch osng ca mynh s? ngha ca vic thay i khu , tc , nhy sng ca my

nh? Cch thit lp ISO ph hp vi hon cnh chp? Di y l nhnghng dn cn bn tr li cho bn cc thc mc trn.

Nguyn nhn gy ra hnh nh m?

Chng ta hy bt u bng vic tho lun xem ci g gy ra hin tng m, nhe,nhiu trn nh chp. Thng thng y l nhng nt m nhe khng mong mun vkhng lin quan ti vic ly nt ca bn (tc l bn c tnh to ra hiu ng m trn nhkhi thay i i tngly nt), m thng l do chuyn ng gy ra: mt l do my

nh ca bn dch chuyn, hai l i tng chp dch chuyn, hoc l c hai.

Mt gii php cho vn ny l t my nh c nh, v d nh s dng chn my, ttrn bn, phin hay bt c th g c th gip my c n nh. Tuy nhin, nu itng chp chuyn ng th d c chn my cng khng loi b c m nhe. loib m nhe gy ra bi chuyn ng ca ch th v my nh, bn ch c cch l chpnh nhanh hn. Nu bn c th khin mynh ca bn gim thi gian cn thit


6/20

chp c mt bc nh th c ngha l c t thi gian hn i tng/my nh dichuyn. Kt qu l hnh nh sc nt hn.

V vy, loi b m, chng ta cn phi s dng tc chp nhanh hn. hiu lmth no tng tc chp, chng ta cn phi hiu mt cht v vic lm th no mt

my nh ly nh sng khi chp nh.C ch phi sng ca my nh

Tt c cc my nh k thut s u tch hp sn mt cng c o sng gip my nhchp c mt hnh nh c phi sng tt (tc l khng qu ti, khng qu sng).Trc khi bn c mt shot hnh, cng c o sng ca my nh s xem xt cnh vt mbn ang nh chp v o xem lng nh sng xung quanh ang mc no. Saukhi nm c bao nhiu nh sng l cn thit chp c bc nh va sng, mynh ca bn c th iu chnh 3 thng s trn my, gm tc mn trp, khu ngknh v thit lp ISO, cho ra ch s nh sng thch hp.

Tc mn trp

Trc y cc my nh c s dng mt mnh kim loi nmgia ng knh v cm bincn gi l "mn trp c hc" - chn nh sng. Khi bn nhn nt chp chpnh, mn trp m ra v cho php nh sng i qua ng knh v tip xc vi b cmbin. Sau mt khong thi gian, mn trp ng li (to nn mt ting click) v khngc thm cht nh sng no tip xc c vi cm bin na. Khong thi gian mn trpm cho nh sng i qua c gi l "tc mn trp" (shutter speed). Tc mntrp di cho php nhiu nh sng i qua. Tc mn trp ngn cho php t nh sngi qua.

Cc my nh k thut s ngy nay cng s dng nguyn l tng t, nhng s dngmt "mn trp in t". My nh bt cm bin ln trong mt thi gian nhn nhsng v sau tt i. Khong thi gian ny vn gi l "tc mn trp" v hot ngtheo cch tng t nh tc mn trp c. Nu b cm bin ca my nh c "bt"trong mt thi gian di (tc l tc mn trp chm), n s thu nh sng nhiu hn.Nu b cm bin ch c bt mt thi gian ngn (tc l tc mn trp nhanh), n sthu c t nh sng.

m ng knh

Thng s th hai my nh c th thay i iu chnh phi sng l khu ngknh. Bn trong ng knh my nh ca bn, c mt l dng iu chnh m cang knh ln hn hoc nh hn. Mi mt mc m ca ng knh c nh sn xuttnh ton v thit lp thnh cc gi tr "khu " c nh, m ngi dng ch c thchnh khu ca ng knh theo cc gi tr nh sn ny. Ty theo tng ng knh/loimy nh m s lng cc gi tr khu nh sn c thnhiu hoc t hn, ngha lng knh cho php m rng hn hoc thu hp hn.


7/20

Hnh nh minh ha khu cho thy, gi tr khu tng ln th m ng knh gimi. Trong trng hp ny, khu ln nht l f 2.8, khu nh nht l f 16. Nukhu ln hn, ging nh hnh nh bn phi, lng nh sng c th i qua ng knhv tip xc vi cm bin nhiu hn. Nu khu nh hn, lng nh sng cng t hn.ng knh no c khu f 1.4 th c th m rt rng, v nu c khu f 22 th ngknh c thm vi khe rt nh cho nh sng i qua.

Khi khu nh hn th su trng nh (DOF Depth of Field) s ln hn, ngha ls c nhiu im hn trong khung hnh c nm trong khong ly nt v do hnhnh s sc nt hn. Bn nn s dng khu hpkhi chp nh phong cnh mi thu sc nt. Nu bn chn khu rt rng, v d f 1.4, th ch c phn trung tm, tctiu im, l c ly nt, cc phn cn li s b m. Bn nn s dng khu rngkhi chp chn dung, gip ch ca bn ni bt so vi xung quanh.

Thit lp ISO

S dng my nh, chc chn bn s thy k hiu ISO trn my, cc din n v mynh cng ni rt nhiu v vic iu chnh thng s ISO c bc nh p. Vy ISO lg?

ISO l i lng o nhy sng ca cm bin my nh i vi nh sng, do t chcTiu chun o lng Quc t (International Organization for Standardization) thngnht v a ra lm quy chun khi sn xut my nh. hiu r hn v xut x hnhthnh i lng ny, bn c th tham khoWikipedia.

My nh s chia cc mc nhy sng ca cm bin nh thnh cc mc khc nhau vmi mc s c gi tr nhy sng gp i mc trc . Cc mc ISO ph bin trn mynh s l: 100, 200, 400, 800, 1600, 3200... Hin nay cc my nh DSLR cao cp cth h tr ISO mc thp nht l 50 v cao nht l 25.600.

ISO 100 c nhy thp nht vi nh sng. ISO cao hn, cm bin cng nhy cm hnvi nh sng, tc l bc nh ca bn s nhn c nhiu nh sng hn. Trong iu
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_speedhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_speedhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_speedhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_speed


8/20

kin nh sng cao, ISO 100 s m bo bc nh sng. Trong iu kin nh sngthp hn, bn s cn phi nng ISO ln. V vy, nu bn chp vo ban m, mc ISO1600 c th cho php bn c c nhng hnh nh m bn mun. Tuy nhin, cc bc nh sng hn, bn phi nh i bng sc nt ca nh. ISO cng cao thnh s cng c nhiu nhiu ht.

p dng khi chp mt bc nh

Chic my nh s c thit k c th tnh ton mt lng nh sng chpmt bc nh v c mt s cch tm ra c lng nh sng . N c th m khu ng knh mc ln nht v s dng tc mn trp nhanh. N c th ng khu nh hn v s dng tc mn trp chm hn. Hoc n c th tng nhy sngca chip cm bin (tc l cc thit lp ISO) c th gim khu nh hn v tngtc mn trp nhanh hn. Bt k s kt hp no ca ba gi tr khu , tc , nhy sng u c th mang li mt bc nh vi lng nh sng tng ng. My nh cth t ng la chn 3 gi tr ny c bc nh tt nht, nhng nhng ngi thch

chp nh mun to nhng bc nh c o ca ring mnh th cn hc cch thit lpcc gi tr .

Thng thng, loi b vt m nhe trn nh, ta s tm cch chp c bc nhnhanh hn, ngha l cn mt tc mn trp nhanh. Nu mn trp m ra trong mtkhong thi gian ngn hn th s c t nh sng i vo cm bin, v vy ta phi iuchnh cc ci t khc - khu v ISO, b cho s mt nh sng do thi gian phisng ngn.

Nu bn chp trong mt mi trng nh sng rc r ngoi tri ban ngy, my nh cabn c th b p cho tc mn trp nhanh bng cch m khu ng knh ln hn.

Tht khng may, c mt gii hn v rng khu ti a, bn khng th m rngng knh bao nhiu cng c, m ph thuc vo mynh h tr n mc no. Nucnh ca bn c nh sng thp hn v d nh chp trong nh hoc trong bng rm,vic m khu ln c th khng . Trong trng hp ny, bn s cn phi tng gitr ISO tng nhy sng ca cm bin, gip my nh ly nh sng m bohnh nh sc nt.

Chng ta hy nhn vo hai hnh nh minh ha di y xem thng s ISO c thnh hng n sc nt ca hnh nh nh th no. Hai nh ny c chp trong nhv khng bt flash. Trong c hai bc nh, khu cang knh c thit lp m rng mc ti a, v vy cc yu t thay i y l ISO v tc mn trp.


9/20

ISO thp lm tc mn trp chm gy nhe hnh. Ngun: Techlore.com

Trong hnh bn tri, ISO c thit lp mc 100 (mc ISO thp nht trn cc mynh s hin nay, ch tr mt s model c kh nng m rng xung ISO 50). Vi mcISO 100 v khu m rng, my nh t thit lp tc mn trp bng 1/25 giy. Tc ny l qu chm v nh sng khng , dn ti hnh nh b m.

Vi hnh nh bn phi, ISO c tng ln n 800. Vi ISO 800 v khu m rngtng t, my nh thit lp tc mn trp l 1/200 giy. Nh vy, gi tr ISO tngln 8 ln lm cho cm bin nhy sng tt hn, v tc mn trp cng nhanh hn8 ln (thi gian phi sng gim i ng k). Do tc chp cao hn, bc nh cchp trong mt thi gian rt ngn loi b cc dch chuyn ca my nh v itng chp, kt qu l nh r rng hn.

Nh vy, nu mt gi tr ISO cao hn cho php bn s dng tc mn trp nhanhhn, ti sao li khng thng xuyn dng mc ISO cao nht m my nh ca bn htr? l do, nh ni pha trn, ci gi phi tr cho ISO cao l nhiu ht (grain,noise) khin nh khng mn v r nt, ISO cng cao th nhiu cng nng. Ngoi ra, mtbc nh khng ch c nhiu tng ln khi tng ISO, m c ba "vn " xy ra: gia tngnhiu, gim sc nt v gim tng phn.


10/20

Trong mt bc nh chp, nhiu l nhng im nh nh b mt mu nm ri rc khpbc nh. Chng hn trong bc nh hi ly di y, nhiu l nhng chm c mu ,xanh l cy v xanh dng. (Mt im nh c mu ng phi hin th c gi tr chnhxc ca kt hp ba mu ny trn bc nh).

Nhiu xut hin di dng cc im nh b mt mu. Ngun: Techlore.com

Bc nh c chp trong khi tri ti en, ngi chp phi t ISO mc ti a camy nh ch c c mt bc nh. R rng l bc nh c cht lng rt km binhiu rt nhiu, v khng ai in bc nh ny ra treo tng c, tuy nhin bc nh vnc gi tr ca n, bi nu khng c nng ISO ln chp "bng c", th s khng aitin tc gi chp c mt con hi ly xut hin vn nh mnh.

Nh vy, i khi bn cn n mc ISO cao ghi li mt khonh khc him hoi trongiu kin nh sng thp, chp nhn hy sinh sc nt ca hnh nh. Cc my nh cngt tin v cao cp th cng c kh nng gim nhiu tt hn ISO cao, y cng l cim cnh tranh ln nhau gia cc dng my nh.

Hu ht cc my nh s u cho nh khng c nhiu cc mc ISO thp nh 50, 100,200, nhng bt u xut hin nhiu cc mc ISO cao hn, ty theo tng model my.Nu chn mua my nh da trn thng s ny, hy th chp nh cc mc ISO khcnhau so snh nhiu v bn cng bit c mc ISO ti a m bn c th s dng c bc nh t yu cu.


11/20

La chn ISO ng

c c bc nh tt nht, bn cn chn ng cc thng s, trong c thng sISO. Di y l cc khuyn ngh:

1. Cc my nh s hin nay u cung cp ch chp t ng (Auto) v ch chophp thit lp ISO t ng. Khi chn ch ny, my nh s gip bn chn mt gi trISO thch hp ty thuc vo mc chiu sng ca cnh vt m bn nh chp. Trongphn ln cc trng hp, ch Auto c th chn c mc ISO kh tt cho bn. Nichung my nh lun c gng chn mc ISO thp khi c nhiu nh sng v s nng ISOln khi c t nh sng hn. Tuy nhin, thit lp t ng c th s hn ch chn mcISO cao nht gim nhiu, v iu ny c th dn n hnh nh b m.

Nu mc ISO "Auto" khng lm bn tha mn th bn c th thc hin cc hng dntip theo.

2. Trong hu ht cc tnh hung nh sng ngoi tri ban ngy, bn s c nh sng c th s dng thit lp ISO thp nht. V vy, khi chp trong nh sng ban ngy,hy bt u vi ISO ci t thp nht gim nhiu. Ch khi thy c vt m nhe,bn nng ISO ln.

3. Nu bn chp vi n flash, my nh s c nhiu nh sng m khng cn tng ISO.Do khi chp nh bng flash, hy t ISO mc thp gim nhiu.

4. Nu bn ang chp trong nh mkhng c n flash (c tnh hung khng cdng flash hoc khng mun dng flash), hy bt u tng dn ISO ln. C th bn sthy nhiu khi t ISO mc cao, nhng nh b nhiu vn cn hn l nh b m nhe

(blur), m trong nhiu trng hp nhiu vnchp nhn c khi in nh kch c nh.C mt bc nh vi mt t nhiu vn cn hn l khng c nh hoc nh hon tonkhng xem c v b nhe. Mi ngi cng thng hay cp n nhiu khi in nh cc kch c ln, nhng trn thc t rt t khi bn in nh vi c ln, do i khi bn cth l i vn ny v nhiu trn nh khng phi l kh chu cho lm, nhiu khi cnkhng r rng khi in vi c nh. Hy chp th tm ra mc ISO thp nht bn c ths dng m vn nhn c mt bc nh chp nhn c v nt v nh sng.

5. i khi bn chp nh vi ng knh zoom chp i tng xa, v nh b m ngayc khi chp ban ngy. Thc t, thao tc zoom cng ng thi phng i rung camy nh, cho nn bn cng cn tc mn trp nhanh hn (hoc s dng mt chn

my), lc ny bn nn tng ISO ln mt, hai mc buc tc mn trp nhanh hn.

6. Nu bn mun mua mt my nh s mi, hy so snh kh nng chp ISO cao cami model m bn ang xem xt. Hy chp th mt s nh cc mc ISO cao (400,800 hoc cao hn) v tm xem c nhiu khng. Hy chp th vi c cc khu vc ti,thiu nh sng (v d chp di bng rm), bi nhiu xut hin nhiu trong cc tngmu ti hn.


12/20

Mt s v d v la chn ISO

V d 1:

Bn mun chp mt dng sui v s dng tc mn trp chm khong 1/2 giy

c c hiu ng m chuyn ng (motion blur) dng nc.Tr li:

trng hp ny, bn phi ci t my nh ISO thp nht. Nu khu ti thiuvn cha , bn phi s dng mt b lc mu xm lm gim lngnh sng vo cmbin.

V d 2:

Bn mun chp vi khu rng c c su trng nh vo mt ngy nng.Bn chn ci t ch A/Av (u tin khu ) la chn khu f/2.8 trongkhi my nh xc nh tc mn trp cho bn. Nhng kt qu l bc nh b tha sng.

Tr li:

Mt khu ln vo mt ngy nng c ngha l tc mn trp phi nhanh. Hu htcc my nh khng th chp nh nhanh hn 1/4000 hoc 1/8000 giy, v do c thl qu chm i vi thng s ISO m bn chn. Nu c th, hy c gng gim btISO xung 100 hoc 50. Nu vn cha , s la chn duy nht cn li l mua mt blc mu xm cho ng knh loi b bt mt s nh sng mt tri.

V d 3:

Bn c gng chp trong nh trong mt khung cnh nh sng thp v thit lp ISO mc ti a, bn chn khu ln v vn ngh rng tc mn trp qu chm. Sau bn bt n flash v chp, kt qu l hnh nh b tha sng, mc d bn cng cgng gim cng sut flash.

Tr li:

Trong tnh hung ny, mc cng sut thp nht ca n flash vn c th l qu mnhcho cnh bn chp vi s la chn ISO cao. C hi duy nht s dng n flashtrong tnh hnh nh vy l h thp ISO cho n khi bn nhn thy rng hnh nh tr

nn ti mu hn v sau bt u tng n flash ln. Tip , bn c gng cn bnggia ISO v hiu ng n flash.


13/20

ngha cc nt bm v ty chn trn my nh DSLR.

Nu bn va mua chic my nh DSLR u tin ca mnh, hn bn s lngtng trong vic hiu ngha cc nt bm cng nh cch s dng chng khichp nh. Di y l nhng hng dn cn bn.

Lu :Trong hu ht cc tnh hung khi mi tp chp nh, bn nn s dng cc thitlp hon ton t ng trnh ri ro cho bc nh ca bn. Ngoi ra, do mi ln us dng my nh DSLR, bn hy c chn ch chp t ng lm quen vi viccm my, gi vng my trong lc chp bi my nh DSLR to v nng hn my nhcompact kh nhiu.

Cc hng dn y l dnh cho my nh DSLR dng my thay i ng knh c,tuy nhin bn cng c th tham kho khi s dng vi my nh compact c ng knh cnh, hoc my nh khng gng lt (h my nh gn c th thay i ng knh), v v

c bn chng ging nhau.Cc my nh DSLR thng c mt bnh xe iu chnh ch chp (mode dial) c dngxoay trn hoc c th l nt gt, ngi dng xoay hoc gt mode dial ny tm titng chc nng tng ng vi cc k hiu biu th ch chp. Vic b tr cc ch chp, s lng v k hiu ca chng c th thay i theo tng model my, ngay c khicng mt hng my nh.

K hiu ch chp t ng (Auto) c thay i nhiu nht: khi th l hnh ch nhtmu xanh (hoc trng), khi th l ch AUTO ni bt vi mu xanh, khi th bn cnh ch

AUTO cn c thm hnh chic my nh, hoc c khi ch l hnh chic my nh, hoc

mt ch A c bao quanh bi khung ch nht xanh. Mt s my nh cn c thm ch iAuto (Intelligent Auto t ng thng minh) hoc Auto+, A+, c th mang li chongi dng nhng bc nh cht lng cao m khng cn nhiu cng sc chnh sa ccthng s.

Ch : nu bn chn ch t ng trn my nh, bn cn thit lp ng knh ch ly nt t ng nu ng knh c ty chn ny. Nu ng knh DSLR ca bn c ty chncho ly nt t ng, bn s thy cnh bn thn ng knh c ch AF.


14/20

Mt s mode dial ph bin

Mode Dial trn cc my nh Canon 50D, 5D Mark II, 600D

Mode Dial trn cc my nh Nikon D5000, D7000, D3100

Mode Dial trn cc my nh Sony A55, A900, A200

Mt s k hiu thng dng trn mode dial

Nh bn thy trong cc hnh chp mode dial trn, s lng cc ch chp c tsn trn mode dial l khc nhau ty thuc cc model v thng hiu my nh. Nhngngi mi ln u cm my nh DSLR c th e ngi khi thy c qu nhiu k hiu,nhng thc t mode dial cng c nhiu k hiu cng c ngha l bn c th truy cp


15/20

tht nhanh ti nhng chc nng mong mun m khng phi my m tm trong Menu,mang li s tin li trong s dng.

Di y l l gii ngha ca nhng k hiu thng thy nht trn my nh s nichung. Ty theo tng model my m cc k hiu ny xut hin trn mode dial hoc

trong Menu, nn bn c th tham kho khi tm hiu cc chc nng trong nt Menu camy.

Auto (T ng):My nh thit lp tt c mi th, bn ch cn t ch ny,ngm v chp. c s dng cho nh chp nhanh, ngi dng khng mun b lmphin vi cc chi tit hoc khng cn ti cc tinh chnh t hiu qu chp theo mun. hu ht cc model my nh khi c t ch ny s c n h tr lynt t ng (AF) nu cn thit, ngha l nu cnh chp c nh sng th s khngnhy n. My nh cng t la chn cc im ly nt t ng v thng ly nt voch th gn nht. K hiu ny thng c trn cc my nh DSLR Nikon, v thay i

(nh cp trn) vi cc thng hiu my nh khc: .

Program (Chng trnh):Ch bn t ng vi cc chng trnh lp sn,my ch cho php ngi dng iu chnh mt s t tnh nng h tr thm nh nh sng,n flash, khu , tc mn trp khi iu kin chp thc t i hi. Bn c th kthp cc thay i khu v tc mn trp m my nh chn bng cch quaythm bnh xe iu chnh thng s.

Shutter Priority (u tin mn trp, u tin tc ):Ch ny thch hp chp cc ch th di chuyn vi tc cao, cho php ngi cm my kim sot tc chp (tc mn trp), my s tnh ton thng s khu ca ng knh tc sng cn thit. Tc ca trp c tnh bng mt phn ca giy ng h (vd 1/4000, 30 giy), tc ca trp cng chm th thi gian phi sng ca cm bintrn my nh cng nhiu, dn ti nh cng sng. K hiu S ny thng c s dngtrn my nh ca Nikon, Minolta, Konica Minolta, Sony, Olympus, Sigma, cn trn my

nh Canon, Pentax, Leica thng c k hiu l (time value).

Aperture Priority (u tin khu ):i lp vi ch u tin mn trp, ch

ny cho php ngi dng kim sot khu ( m ca ng knh), trong khi mythit lp tc mn trp. Khu m cng ln th lung nh sng lt qua l iu titnh sng (aperture) cng nhiu lm nh cng sng. Khu m c tnh bng ch sf/stop, v d f/1.4, f/2.8, f/8 hay f/32; ch s ny cng nh th khu m cng ln vngc li. Ch ny thch hp khi cn lm ni bt ch th; cc i tng khc cngnh hu cnh c lm m. K hiu ch A ny xut hin trn my nh Nikon, Sony,

Olympus v c k hiu l trn my nh Canon, Pentax, Leica.


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Manual (Chnh tay hon ton):Ngi dng c th hon ton ty s dng ttc cc nt chc nng ca my thit lp cc thng s nh tc chp, m cang knh, nh sng... t cc hiu ng chp mong mun. Ch ny thch hp vinhng ngi dng chuyn nghip, bit cch tnh ton cc thng s c c bc nh

vi nhng gc chp m mn.

Night Portrait (Chn dung ban m):S dng tc mn trp chm vi nflash, cn bng gia hai yu t ny nh chp chn dung vo ban m trng tnhin khi chp vi n flash. C th s dngly nt AF i tng gn nht. Nn sdng chn my (tripod) trnh hin tng m nh.

Macro (Chp gn):Nikon gi ch ny l Close up. ch ny, cc mu v xanh l c nng m ln, my nh s t ng la chn im ly nt trung tm,

ngidng c th chn ly nt thm nhng im khc nu my nh c h tr tnhnng Multi-Selector. n flash s t ng bt ln khi nh sng yu. Nn s dng chnmy khi chp ch ny.

Sport (Th thao):S dng tc mn trp cao hn, my nh s chuyn sangly nt lin tc khi nt chp c nhn xung na chng, theo di i tng ly nt khu vc ly nt trung tm. Nu ch th ri khi khu vc trung tm AF, my nh s ditheo v nh gi im ly nt t cc vng ly nt khc. My nh c th h tr ngidng chn vng ly nt mong mun. C n flash v n h tr ly nt u trngthi tt khi s dng ch ny. Thch hp chp cc s kin th thao hoc chuyn

ng nhanh.

Child (Tr em):Ch ny tng cng sc nt v bo ha cho qun ov cc chi tit nn, nhng lm cho tng mu da mm mi v trng t nhin. n flashs bt ln nu nh sng qu m nht. Thch hp chp tr em

Landscape (Cnh quan):Tng bo ha mu sc, tng phn v sc ntcho bc nh phong cnh thnh phhoc ni rng. My s s dng ly nt AF im gnnht, n flash v n h tr AF c tt trong ch ny.

Portrait (Chn dung): iu chnh khu ng knh lm mm cc chi titnn nhm gip ch th chnh ni bt r rng hn. sc nt v boha mu scc kim duyt mt cht, mang li tng mu da mm mi v trng t nhin hn. nflash s bt ln nu nh sng qu m nht.


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Scene (Cnh), cn c k hiu l : Truy cp ti cc ch mccnh (cnh nh sn) trn my nh m mode dial khng ch ghi ht. Khi chnch ny, my nh s hin th danh sch cc ch mc cnh m my cung cp lnmn hnh bn chn. Mt s my nh ch cung cp vi cnh nhsn, nhng cng c

nhiu my nh cao cp cho bn ti vi chc cnh khc nhau. Cc cnh nh sn thngdng gm: Night Landscape (phong cnh ban m), Party/Indoor (chp tic tng/trong nh), Beach/Snow (chp bi bin/tuyt), Sunset (chp hong hn), Dusk/Dawn(chp bnh minh), Pet Portraits (chp th cng), Blossom (chp hoa), Autumn Colors(chp phong cnh ma thu), Food (chp thc n), Silhouette (chp ngc sng, tobng en trn nn cnh), High Key (chp nh d sng vi ch mt vi chi tit trong nh c ni ln), Low Key (chp vi nn cnh mu ti, ni bt ch th)...

Auto Flash Off (tt n flash):Trong ch ny, phi sng t ng nhngflash b v hiu ha, v my nh s t thay i cc mc ISO ty thuc ngun sng ca

khung cnh xung quanh. n h tr ly nt AF s c bt nu cn thit, v my nhla chn im AF vi ch th gn nht. Ch ny rt tt khi chp nh trong bo tnghoc nhng ni m n flash khng c php, trng s t nhin hn nh chp trongnh.

Scene Intelligent Automatic (chn khung cnh thng minh): l ch bsung/thay th cho ch t ng hon ton (Full Auto), trong ngoi vic my nhc th t thit lp cc thng s phi sng, tc , cn c thm ch Picture Styles,ngha l my c th t ng la chn mt cch thng minh cc ch mc cnh csn trong my mt cnh ph hp nht vi hon cnh chp xung quanh. Ch ny

khc vi ch Scene hoc SCN ch my s thay bn chn cnh mt cch t ng,ch khng phi bn t thit lp cnh chp. Trn mynh Sony, ch ny c k

hiu l Intelligent Auto:

Creative Auto Mode (ch sng to t ng): K hiu ny thng thytrn my nh Canon, mt ch phi sng mi, c tc dng tng ng nh chP c m rng. Khi thit lp my ch CA, my nh cho php ngi dng iuchnh kiu chp (picture style), thng s phi sng, la chn nh dng file RAW hayJPEG, nhng phn ln cc ty chn khc vn l t ng. Mn hnh LCD s hin th cc

thng tin/hng dn cho mi phn thng s cn iu chnh, chng hn nh nhc ngidng xem c mun lm m phng nn khng, hoc c mun lm cho hnh nh tihn/sng hn khng

Bulb (Bng n): ch chp nh di bng n, c trn my nh Canon.Trong ch ny, mn trp c gi trng thi m chngno ngi dng cn nhnnt mn trp. iu ny rt hu ch khi cn phi sng lu nh cnh m, pho hoa,


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chp thin thch, bu tri m. Khi t ch ny, mn hnh LCD s hin th phatrn thng s v khong thi gian tri qua, trong sut qu trnh phi sng. Ngidng nn s dng thm iu khin t xa hoc hn gi khi chp ch ny.

Camera User Settings(ch do ngi dng ci t, cn gi lCustom): Cho php bn ghi li mt s ci t c nhn truy cp nhanh khi cn,thng thy trn my nh ca Canon. Ty theo tng model my m bn s ch c mt,hai, hay c ba nt ny; nu c mt nt th ch ghi lC. Trn my nh ca Nikon, bn cth thy cc nt tng ng c k hiu lU1, U2, U3; mt s dng my khc cth ch ghi1, 2, 3. Cc nt ny rt hu ch khi bn chp mt s kin vi nhiu ngunnh sng khc nhau, chng hn nh mt m ci, cc ch ty chnh ny s chophp bn ci t my nh cho cc iu kin chp c th v sau d dng chuyn igia cc ch mt cchnhanh chng. Bn c th lu hu ht cc ty chn ch chp ca my nh vo cc nt ny. thc hin ci t thng s cho cc nt ny, bntruy cp vo menu Camera User Setting.

Playback (Ch pht li):cho php xem li cc nh v video chp, sav xa chng nu mun. Km theo ch ny cn c mt ty chnInfo cho phpngi dng hin th cc thng tin v bc nh chp, gm chp iu kin phi sngnh th no, tc , khu no

Automatic Depth of Field AE (chn su trng nh t ng):dng chp mt nhm nhiu ngi, hoc chp cnh vt m c nhiu chi tit phatin cnh, hoc cc ch m c nhiu yu t cn quan tm v cc khong cch

khc nhau so vi my nh. Khi thit lp ch ny, my nh s kim sot tc mntrp v cc gi tr khu , cn bn c th iu chnh cc thng s khc. Lu l ch ny khng th s dng c nu ng knh ly nt ang t ch ly nt bngtay (MF-Manual Focus). My nh s s dng h thng t ng ly nt o khongcch ca cc i tng nm trong cc vng ly nt t ng m my h tr, sau sthit lp mt khong cch ly nt xc nh v khu ng knh tng ng lm chott c cc i tng u sc nt.

Movie Recording (Ch quay phim): Khi ch Movie c chn, gnglt v mn trp ca my nh m nh trong ch Live View, v my thc hin

quay/dng quay phim khi bn nhn nt mn trp. mt s my nh mi, nt quayphim khng nm trn mode dial m c thit k thnh mt nt ring, thng l mtnt trn vi chm gia, cho php ngi dng truy cp nhanh ti chc nng quayphim. Lc ny, nhn nt quay phim th my s lp tc quay phim, dng quay bngcch nhn nt quay mt ln na. Cc my nh s cao cp s cho php va quay phimva ly nt, zoom trong lc quay, tuy nhin vn c nhiu my khng h tr kh nngny. Nu mun s dng chc nng quay phim thng xuyn, bn nn chn nhng mynh c h tr microphone ngoi tng cht lng m thanh ca video.


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Sweep Panorama (chp ton cnh):Ch cho php chp lin tip nhiunh khi ngi dng nhn gi nt chp v lia my theo chiu ngang, sau cc nhchp c s c ni vi nhau thnh mt kiu nh duy nht v mang li mt bc nhton cnh vi b rng rt ln m mt bc nh thng thng khng th thu ht c.

Vic ly nt cng nh phi sng c kha ngay t khung hnh u tin.

3D Sweep Panorama (chp ton cnh 3D). Tng t nh ch SweepPanorama, nhng sau khi chp mt lot nh, cc nh s c chia ra hai phn nhnbng mt tri v mt phi, sau kt hp trong mt bc nh duy nht nh dng.MPO file v ngi dng c th nhn thy su ca nh.

Anti Motion Blur (Chng m):cho php chp lin tip nhiu nh trong mtln nhn nt chp, my s t iu chnh nhy sng hoc tc mn trp v chngnhe m cho nh. Cc nh chp c s c t ng phn tch chn ra nh c

cht lng tt nht.

Picture Effect (Hiu ng nh): Cho php ngi dng la chn cc hiu ngkhc nhau cho nh chp, v d nh chp nh en trng, nh hoi c, chp High Key,Low Key Bn s thy k hiu ny trn my nh Sony, mt s my nh khc nh

Nikon s dng nt Effects: .

Motion Snapshot (chp nh chuyn ng): c trn mt s my nh i mica Nikon. Khi ngi dng nhn nt chp, my s chp mt bc nh tnh v quay mton video khong mt giy bt u trc v kt thc sau thi gian nt chp c n.Phim c ghi trong ch Motion Snapshot c chiu li trn my nh trong ch pht li chm. Vi ch pht li chm khong 0.4 x tc bnh thng ca onphim v hnh, Motion Snapshot cho php ngi dng din t nhng khonh khc ntng cho thy s thay i chm ri trong cch trnh by, cnh l ri t trn cy, hoccnh thay i trong t nhin.

Smart Photo Selector (la chn nh thng minh): c trn mt s my nhNikon, tng t nh ch Anti Motion Blur ca my nh Sony trn hoc chSmart Auto ca mt s nh sn xut khc. iu c bit l my nh Nikon s chplin tip nhiu khung hnh khc nhau khi bn nhn nh nt chp, sau s chn rakhong 5 nh tt nht v lu chng li thnh mt nhm trn nt xem li, sau bns t tay la chn 1 nh p nht, cc nh cn li s b xa i.


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Still Image (chp nh tnh):Nt chp nh tiu chun, cho php bn chntrong menu nhng ch chp thch hp nh Scene Auto Selector, Program, Shutter-priority, Aperture-priority, Manual Nh vy, nu c nt ny th bn s khng truy cpnhanh c ti cc ch chp m phi qua vi thao tc na. Thng cc my nh

compact s c nt ny.

Guide: cho php truy cp ti cc ty chn Record, Playback v Setup trongmy nh Nikon. Ngi dng c nhc nh la chn chp nh tnh hay video, sau my cung cp cc gi v thit lp thng s. Vi mi la chn ca ngi dng, mynh u cung cp nhng thng tin gii thch nhng hiu ng s xy ra nu la chnthit lp , km theo mt nh nh minh ha.

Continuous Advance Priority AE (chp lin tip):Cho php chp lin tip tc cao nht l 10 khung hnh/giy m my h tr. Khi chn ch ny, khu

ng knh c c nh m ln nht v nhy sng ISO c chn t ng.

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