Inflecting the gender: the subsumption of the female on the modern ...
HUMBJET GJUHËSORE DHE KULTURORE NË PËRKTHIMIN … · The present study will deal with the nature...
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UNIVERSITETI I TIRANËS FAKULTETI I GJUHËVE TË HUAJA
DEPARTAMENTI I GJUHËS ANGLEZE
HUMBJET GJUHËSORE DHE KULTURORE NË PËRKTHIMIN NË ANGLISHT TË ROMANIT
“GJENERALI I USHTRISË SË VDEKUR” TË ISMAIL KADARESË
PUNIM PËR GRADËN “DOKTOR I SHKENCAVE” GJUHËSI
(STUDIME PËRKTHIMORE)
Kandidati ILDA POSHI
Udhëheqësi Shkencor PROF. ASOC. DR. UKË ZENEL
BUÇPAPAJ
TIRANË 2013
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UNIVERSITETI I TIRANËS FAKULTETI I GJUHËVE TË HUAJA
DEPARTAMENTI I GJUHËS ANGLEZE
HUMBJET GJUHËSORE DHE KULTURORE NË PËRKTHIMIN NË ANGLISHT TË ROMANIT
“GJENERALI I USHTRISË SË VDEKUR” TË ISMAIL KADARESË
PUNIM PËR GRADËN “DOKTOR I SHKENCAVE” GJUHËSI
(STUDIME PËRKTHIMORE)
Kandidati ILDA POSHI
Udhëheqësi Shkencor PROF. ASOC. DR. UKË ZENEL
BUÇPAPAJ
TIRANË 2013
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“DO NOT SPOIL WHAT YOU HAVE BY DESIRING WHAT YOU HAVE NOT; REMEMBER
THAT WHAT YOU NOW HAVE WAS ONCE AMONG THE THINGS YOU ONLY HOPED
FOR.” ― EPICURUS
“MOS E BRAKTIS KOPSHTIN E FRYTEVE PËR KAPËRCYEJT E TË PA EKZISTUESHMES, KUJTO SE AJO ÇKA PËRKEDHEL NDËR DUAR ISHTE DIKUR FRYT I KOPSHTIT TË
SHPRESËLARGUT!” ― EPIKURI
MIRËNJOHJE
Mirënjohje, respekt dhe falenderim të madh për
udhëheqësin tim shkencor Prof. Asoc. Dr. Ukë
Zenel Buçpapaj për mbështetjen dhe këshillën e
pamunguar, për dëshirën e mirë dhe durimin që ka
treguar gjatë këtyre tre viteve të lodhshme por
vlerëplote, për zemërgjerësinë dhe privilegjin që
më rezervoi të mësoja prej tij . Falenderim
Departamentit të Gjuhës Angleze nën drejtimin
dinjitoz të Dr. Elida Tabaku-t si far perkrahjeje
dhe vlerash intelektuale të vazhdueshme.
Së fundmi, falenderoj familjen time për përkrahjen
dhe dashurinë e pamunguar në çdo hap dhe aspekt,
dhe në veçanti tim bir për durimin, ngrohtësinë dhe
përkëdheljet e lodhjes së orëve të vona.
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PASQYRA E LËNDËS
HYRJE............................................................................................................................i
1. Parashtrimi i tezës së studimit .........................................................................i 2. Objektivat e punimit......................................................................................xiii 3. Rëndësia e punimit..........................................................................................xv 4. Metodologjia...................................................................................................xvi
4.1 Grumbullimi i të dhënave............................................................xvi 4.2 Metoda e analizës........................................................................xvii
5. Struktura e punimit.........................................................................................xx
KAPITULLI I: SHQYRTIMI I LITERATURËS PËRKATËSE............................1
1.1 Përkthimi nga pikëpamja letrare...................................................................1 1.2 Përkthimi nga pikëpamja gjuhësore..............................................................2 1.3 Përkthimi nga pikëpamja kulturore..............................................................5 1.4 Përkthimi nga pikëpamja semiotike.............................................................11
1.4.1 Teoria semiotike e shenjave.........................................................12 1.4.2 Përkthimi dhe semiotika..............................................................18
1.5 Përkthimi nga këndvështrimi pragmatik.....................................................25 1.6 Teoria e diferencimit......................................................................................30
KAPITULLI II: HUMBJET GJUHËSORE.............................................................34
2.1 Rezultatet........................................................................................................34 2.2 Klasifikimi dhe diskutimi i humbjeve gjuhësore.........................................36
2.2.1 Humbjet e lehta............................................................................36 2.2.1.1 Humbjet e lehta stilistikore.....................................37 2.2.1.2 Humbjet e lehta semantike......................................45
2.2.2 Humbjet e rënda..........................................................................50 2.2.2.1 Humbja e konotacionit pragmatik..........................51 2.2.2.2 Keqpërkthimi i kuptimit..........................................57 2.2.2.3 Humbja e thirrorit...................................................58 2.2.2.4 Humbja e temës së folësit dhe / ose autorit............62 2.2.2.5 Humbja e idiomës kulturore...................................63 2.2.2.6 Humbja e elipsës.......................................................65
2.2.3 Humbjet e plota............................................................................65 2.3 Klasifikimi i diferencimit...............................................................................78
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KAPITULLI III: HUMBJET KULTURORE..........................................................81
3.1 Rezultatet........................................................................................................82 3.2 Klasifikimi dhe diskutimi i humbjeve kulturore........................................82
3.2.1 Humbjet e eksplicite....................................................................85 3.2.2 Humbjet implicite........................................................................89 3.2.3 Humbjet e modifikuara...............................................................98 3.2.4 Humbjet e plota..........................................................................102
KAPITULLI IV: HUMBJET GJUHËSORE DHE KULTURORE NË PËRKTHIMIN NË ANGLISHT TË ROMANIT GJENERALI I USHTRISË SË
VDEKUR” TË ISMAIL KADARESË.................................................................... 110
PËRFUNDIME..........................................................................................................165
BIBLIOGRAFIA. .....................................................................................................173
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Abstrakt Ky studim do të shqyrtojë natyrën dhe shkaqet e humbjeve gjuhësore dhe kulturore në përkthimin
anglisht të romanit “Gjenerali i ushtrisë së vdekur” të Ismail Kadaresë. Shumica e studimeve
përkthimore të derisotme merren me analizimin e humbjeve që burojnë nga mungesa e barasvlerës
ndërmjet tekstit burimor dhe tekstit përkthimor. Këto humbje shpjegohen me mungesën e barasvlerës
funksionale dhe përqendrimin në barasvlerën formale. Në vijim të tyre, ky studim do të argumentojë se
humbjet janë rrjedhojë e mungesës së barasvlerës së balancuar në rrafshet gjuhësore dhe kulturore. Në
veçanti, do të shfrytëzohet qasja e barasvlerës semiotike, e cila, në mënyrë kuptimplote, të jep dorë për
t’i zbërthyer faktorët semantikë dhe pragmatikë të tekstit burimor. Përmes këtij studimi, do të nxirren
përfundime që dëshmojnë se humbjet gjuhësore janë humbje të shenjave verbale që e dëmtojnë rëndë
tekstin burimor, duke pamundësuar kuptimin e mesazhit të tij qendror, kurse, nga ana tjetër, humbjet
kulturore janë humbje të informacionit të fshehur kulturor lidhur me normat shoqërore, bindjet fetare
dhe qëndrimet ideologjike, të pasqyruara në tekstin burimor. Pra, nëse humbjet gjuhësore shkaktohen
nga përkthimi i gabuar, nga interpretimi sipërfaqësor i barasvlerësve semantikë dhe nga përkthimi fjalë
për fjalë, humbjet kulturore shkaktohen nga mungesa e barasvlerës pragmatike në rrafshet e jashtme
dhe të brendshme të tekstit burimor. Këto përfundime do të dëshmojnë gjithashtu se humbjet gjuhësore
dhe kulturore në përkthim mund të shmangen duke i pajisur lexuesit e gjuhës përkthimore me njohuritë
bazë, që shërbejnë për t’i dekoduar situatat e gjuhës burimore, si dhe qartësojnë domethëniet kulturore,
të mishëruara në tekstin burimor. Kësisoj, qëllimi i këtyre përfundimeve do të jetë rekomandimi se,
përpara sesa të fillojë punën për përkthimin e tekstit letrar, përkthyesi duhet t’i zgjidhë të gjitha
problemet e trupëzuara në elementët gjuhësorë dhe kulturorë, duke i shndërruar të panjohurat në të
njohura të kuptueshme dhe të përvetësueshme.
Fjalë Kyçe: Burimor; Përkthimor; Gjuhë; Tekst; Barasvlerë; Shenjë; Shenjues; Shenjim; Denotacion; Konotacion;
Rrafshe Të Jashtësisë Dhe Brendësisë; Përkthim Letrar; Humbje Gjuhësore Dhe Kulturore; Teori E
Diferencimit; Qasje Semiotike.
Fusha:
Gjuhësi – Studime Përkthimore
Abstract The present study will deal with the nature and causes of semantic and cultural losses occurring in the
English translation of the novel “The General Of The Dead Army” by Ismail Kadare. Most of
translation studies show that the losses stem mainly from lack of equivalence between the source text
and the target text. Translation researchers explain them in terms of the lack of functional equivalence
and the focus on formal equivalence. In addition, the present study will come up with the proposal that
the losses may also stem from the lack of a balanced equivalence on both the semantic and cultural
levels. In particular, it will emphasize the semiotic equivalence approach that significantly accounts for
the semantic and pragmatic factors of the source text at the same time. The present study will prove
that linguistic and / or semantic losses are losses of verbal signs, which affect the source text seriously,
blocking the understanding of the source message, or tolerably, moderating its aesthetic values. On the
other hand, it will argue that cultural losses are losses of hidden cultural information reflecting social
norms, religious beliefs and ideological attitudes in the source text. Moreover, it will point out that
mistranslation and superficial interpretation of the semantic and pragmatic equivalents lead to semantic
losses and literal translation, whereas lack of pragmatic equivalence on the surface level and / or the
deep level of the source text brings forth cultural losses. Meanwhile, the present study will show that
the marginalisation of the semantic and cultural losses in translation can provide the target audience
with the background knowledge, which makes the decoding of the source language situations easier,
and considers the cultural connotations inherent in the source text. Accordingly, the present study will
recommend that before actual translation takes place, the translator should resolve the markedness of
the linguistic and cultural elements in the source text by rendering the unfamiliar familiar.
Key Words: Source; Target; Language; Text; Equivalence; Sign; The Signified; Signification; Denotation;
Connotation; Surface And Deep Levels; Literary Translation; Linguistic And Cultural Losses;
Markedness Theory; Semiotic Approach.
Field: Linguistics – Translation Studies