How to write dissertation in methodology of econometric modelling
How to write the dissertation
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Transcript of How to write the dissertation
How to Write the
Dissertation ?
Mr. Phinoj K Abraham, MOTh (Neurosciences)
Assistant ProfessorSRM University
2
“A Journey of thousand miles
begins with a single step”
- Chinese Proverb
Occupational Therapy Research - PHINOJ
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Effective Writing
Establish a routine
Set clear goals for each week/day
Use your outline & be organized
Use short & Simple phrases
Clear English & good grammar
Seek help from experts
Occupational Therapy Research - PHINOJ
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Structuring your Thesis FRONT MATTER
Title page
Approval page
Abstract
Table of Content
List of Tables
List of Figures
List of abbreviationsOccupational Therapy Research - PHINOJ
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Structuring your Thesis Contd…
Ch. 1: Introduction Ch. 2: Review of Literature
Related Literature (Descriptive literature) Literature Review
Ch. 3: Methods Ch. 4: Results Ch. 5: Discussion Ch. 6: Conclusion Ch. 7/ 6.1: Limitations & Recommendations Ch. 8/ 6.2: Clinical Implication
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Structuring your Thesis Contd…
END MATTER
References
Appendices
Consent form
Instrument used
Master Chart
Acknowledgement
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Anatomy of a Thesis
Introduction : Why did you do it ?
Methods : What did you do?
Results : What did you find ?
Discussion : What does it
mean ? Occupational Therapy Research - PHINOJ
Occupational Therapy Research - PHINOJ
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Formatting
Chapter Heading 18pt Bold
Main heading 14pt Bold
Subheading 14pt (Bold + Italics?)
Text 12pt
Font Arial
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Checklist for proofing
People first (Person with MS)
Grammar
Spelling, Punctuation
Abbreviations
Clarity & Organization
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Title
Make it Specific; Include key words
Avoid potentially unfamiliar acronyms &
ambiguous terms.
Revise for conciseness & to rephrase
In Short, make it
“Short & Sweet”
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Writing Introduction
Introduce the broad research area & topic.
State the research problem or question.
Establish its significance.
Mention existing solutions & their limitations.
Outline the proposed new solution.
Note: Use present tense
Why did you do it ?
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Writing Introduction Contd…
Background
Lacunae of
research
Purpose of the study
Occupational Therapy Research - PHINOJ
Gross
Un Known
Fine
Known
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Writing Introduction Contd…
Justification & Need of the study
Carry out a thorough literature review
Clearly state the research question
Aims & Objectives
Aim : What to do?
Objectives : how to do?
Hypothesis
Alternative (H1)
Null (H0) Occupational Therapy Research - PHINOJ
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Introduction Common Mistakes
Not enough information : The reader
cannot understand the rest of your thesis.
Too much information: You are not
writing a textbook..!!
Too few Reference: Less legitimacy
Occupational Therapy Research - PHINOJ
15Ch. 2 Review of Literature
1. Descriptive Literature (Related
Literature)
Theoretical backgrounds mainly from
textbooks / editorials etc…
2. Literature Review
Reviewing previous research in same
area Occupational Therapy Research - PHINOJ
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Ch. 2 Review of Literature Contd..
Literature Review Contd..
Critical Analysis of key studies
Point out the flaws or gaps in research
Cite every article or book
Avoid plagiarism
Use summaries
Quotations
Broad highly relevant work/ known unknown
Occupational Therapy Research - PHINOJ
17Ch. 2 Review of Literature Contd..
Some Additional Points
If possible / relevant, Select article from
various related professional literature sources
about the same topic of interest.
Categorize your search under various sections
Add a summery of review at the end of each
section or at the end of review.
Occupational Therapy Research - PHINOJ
18Reviewing the LiteratureUse appropriate Tenses;
Researchers action – past tense
Smith (2012) studied…; Pell (2004)found….
Research in general – present perfect
Research has shown…; has been studied…
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Ch. 3 Methodology
Describe how the experiment was planned
Sufficient details to allow repetition.
What did you do ?Occupational Therapy Research - PHINOJ
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Methodology
Summarize the research findings
Qualitative / Quantitative
Describe the research setting & sample
Sample population, sample size, sampling
method & recruitment etc…
Explain the intervention, procedures and
tools for data collection & analysis.
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Methodology Key Points
Past tense
Follow a logic order
Include relevant details
Reference standard methods
Refer to manufacturer’s instructions
Describe additional steps / Changes
Contd…
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Methodology Key Points Contd…
Detail experimental controls
use correct abbreviations
Leave a space between numbers & Units
Use appendices when appropriate
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Methodology Common Mistakes
Essential details are missing
Incorrect word usage
Providing a recipe list
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Ch. 4 Results
Results are the core of you thesis
What Happened ?
What did you learn ?
What did you find..?
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Results - Organization
Clarify your aims
What have you been trying to do ?
Connect findings to your research question,
objectives & hypothesis
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Results – Key Points
Past Tense
Arrange your results logically
Make use of graphs & tables to
summarize your data
Give facts no opinions
Occupational Therapy Research - PHINOJ
27Results – Common Mistakes
Including Methods
Including irrelevant results
Writing results in a chronological not
logical order
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Ch. 5 Discussion Present principles, relationship & generalization
shown by the results
Agreement or contrast with the previous research.
Point out lack of correlation
State your conclusions
Give reasons for your conclusions
Discuss implications of your results.
What does it Mean ?Occupational Therapy Research - PHINOJ
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Discussion Key Points
Past tense
Restart your aims
Focus then discuss the bigger picture
be critical of the literature
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Discussion Common Mistakes
Repetition : Introduction & Results
Lack of organization, no logical flow
Not addressing the key points
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Ch. 6 Conclusion Key Points
Limitation of your work
Suggestion for future research
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Reference
Referencing is a standard method of
acknowledging source of information & ideas
that you have used in your text in a way that
uniquely identifies their sources.
Direct quotations, facts & figures, as well as
ideas & theories, from both published &
unpublished works, must be referenced -Occupational Therapy Research - PHINOJ
-APA
APA
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Reference Style
Vancouver Style
Ref:
APA (American Psychological
Association) Style
Ref:
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Vancouver Style
It is commonly used in medical & scientific
journals
References are listed in numerical order in
the reference list at the end of the paper
Ex:
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Steps involved in Referencing
Occupational Therapy Research - PHINOJ
TEXT BOOKS Author Title Edition Place of
publication Publisher Date (Year)
JOURNALS Author Title of Article Journal Title Date Volume number Issue number Page number
Note down the full bibliographic details including
the page number(s) from which the information
taken
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Example of citing book Vancouver Style
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Example of citing Journals Vancouver Style
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Appendices
Consent form
Master Chart – Data
Permission Letter
Questionnaire / Scales
Acknowledgement (?)
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When in doubt…ask !
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Questions ?
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Occupational Therapy Research - PHINOJ