hooptam 3

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√Ÿª∑’Ë 2

Part 3

Studying Area

Generally Physical Area

Maha Sarakham province is a plain area that

covers 5,9291.68 square kilometers with no mountains.

Most of the area is covered by paddy field and located

470 kilometers in notheast away from Bangkok by car.

Maha Sarakham has 13 districts : (Amphoe) Mueang,

Khantharawichai, Kosum Phisai, Wapi Pathum, Borabue,

Phayakkhaphum Phisai, Na Chueak, Chiang-Yuen, Na Dun,

Kae-Dam, Yang Sisurat, Kut Rang, and Chuen-Chom

(Picture 1).

The province has peaceful and is located in the

middle of Northeastern region.

Na Dun district, as the project area, consists of

9 sub-districts: Ku Santarat, Dong Duan, Dong Bang,

Dong Yang, Na Dun, Phrathat, Nong Pai, Nong Khu, and

Hua Dong, with approximately 2,678 people, in term of

population: 1,327 males and 1,351 females under 698

households (refer to Population and household Statistic

Annual Report, December 2007, by Dong Bang Sub-district

Administration Orgarization).

Dong Bang sub-district has two art historical sites

registered to Fine Arts Department : Wat Pho Tharam,

and Wat Pa-Rerai. These, as the project areas displaying

in the picture 2, have historical Sims (or Ubosot) and mural

paintings made by local artisans.

20 : °“√Õπÿ√—°…å¿“æ®‘µ√°√√¡Ω“ºπ—ß (ŒŸª·µâ¡) „π®—ßÀ«—¥¡À“ “√§“¡The Conservation of Mural Paintings (Hoop - Tam) in Maha Sarakham Province (Northeast Thailand)

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∑‘»µ–«—πµ° µ‘¥µàÕ°—∫ µ”∫≈À—«¥ß

Location

Dong Bang sub-district, Na Dun district, Maha

Sarakham province, connects to the following Sub-districts:

- Phrathat Sub-district, to the North,

- Phayakkhaphum Phisai Sub-district, to the South,

- Nong Pai Sub-district, to the East,

and - Hua Dong Sub-district, to the West.


Õ.™◊Ëπ™¡Chuen Chom District

Õ.‡™’¬ß¬◊πChiang Yuen District

Õ.°—π∑√«‘™—¬Kantharawichai District

Õ.‡¡◊ÕßMueang District

Õ.·°¥”Kae Dam District

Õ.«“ªïª∑ÿ¡Wapi Pathum District

Õ.π“¥ŸπNa Dun District

Õ.æ¬—§¶¿Ÿ¡‘æ‘ —¬Phayakkhaphum Phisai

District

Õ.¬“ß ’ ÿ√“™Yang Sisurat

District

Õ.π“‡™◊Õ°Na Chueak

District

Õ.∫√∫◊ÕBorabueDistrict

Õ.°ÿ¥√—ßKut Rang District

Õ.‚° ÿ¡æ‘ —¬Kosum Phisai District

æ◊Èπ∑’Ë‚§√ß°“√ Õ.π“¥ŸπProject Area :

Na Dun District

·ºπ∑’Ë®—ßÀ«—¥¡À“ “√§“¡Maha Sarakham Province

®.√âÕ¬‡ÕÁ¥Roi-Et Province

®. ÿ√‘π∑√åSurin Province

®.∫ÿ√’√—¡¬åBuri Ram Province

∑’Ë¡“ : °“√∑àÕß‡∑’Ë¬«·Ààßª√–‡∑»‰∑¬Resource : Thailand Authority of Tourism

®.¢Õπ·°àπKhon Kaen Province

®.°“Ã ‘π∏ÿåKalasin Province

√Ÿª∑’Ë 1 ·ºπ∑’Ë®—ßÀ«—¥¡À“ “√§“¡

Picture 1 Maha Sarakham Province Map.


·ºπ∑’ËÕ”‡¿Õπ“¥ŸπNa Dun District Map

∑’Ë¡“ : °√–∑√«ß¡À“¥‰∑¬Resource : Ministry of Interior Thailand

®—ßÀ«—¥¡À“ “√§“¡Maha Sarakham Province

æ◊Èπ∑’Ë‚§√ß°“√The Research Area

µ.¥ß¥«πDong Duan Sub-district

µ.ÀπÕß§ŸNong-Khu Sub-district

µ.¥ß¬“ßDong Yang Sub-district

µ.À—«¥ßHua Dong Sub-district

µ.π“¥ŸπNa Dun

Sub-district∑’Ë«à“°“√Õ”‡¿Õπ“¥Ÿπ

µ.ÀπÕß‰ºàNong Pai Sub-district

µ.æ√–∏“µÿPhra That Sub-district

µ.¥ß∫—ßDong BangSub-district

µ.°Ÿà —πµ√—µπåKu SantaratSub-district


Õ.¬“ß ’ ÿ√“™Yang Sisurat District

Õ.æ¬—§¶¿Ÿ¡‘æ‘ —¬Phayakkhaphum Phisai District

Õ.ª∑ÿ¡√—µµå ®.√âÕ¬‡ÕÁ¥Patumrat District,

Roi-Et Province

Õ.π“‡™◊Õ°Na Chueak District

√Ÿª∑’Ë 2 ·ºπ∑’ËÕ”‡¿Õπ“¥Ÿπ

Picture 2 Na Dun District Map.


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‡ªìπ¥‘πªπ∑√“¬·≈–¥‘π‡°≈◊Õ°√–®“¬Õ¬Ÿà∑—Ë«‰ª

Tambon Dong Bang Information

Topography

Dong Bang sub-district is a plain with no mountain

or river. Its eastern area is covered with mixed deciduous

forest. Sandy and salt soil can be found throughout the

sub-district.


µ.À—«¥ßHua DongSub-district

Õ.æ¬—§¶¿Ÿ¡‘æ‘ —¬Phayakkhaphum Phisai District

Õ.ª∑ÿ¡√—µµå ®.√âÕ¬‡ÕÁ¥Pathum Rat District,

Roi-Et Province

·ºπ∑’Ëµ”∫≈¥ß∫—ßMap of Dong Bang Sub-district

∫â“π‚ππ‡¢«“ À¡Ÿà 6Moo 6, Ban Non Kwao

∫â“π‚ππ‡¢«“ À¡Ÿà 9Moo 9, Ban Non Kwao

«—¥‚ππ –Õ“¥Wat Non Sa-at

‚√ß‡√’¬π¥ß∫—ßæ‘ —¬π«°“√πÿ √≥åDong Bang Phisai Nawakhan Nusorn

School‚√ß‡√’¬π™ÿ¡™π∫â“π¥ß∫—ß

Ban Dong Bang Community School

∫â“π«—ß¥ŸàBan Wang Du

«—¥∑√ß»‘≈ªá®‘π¥“√“¡

Õ∫µ.¥ß∫—ß ∂“π’Õπ“¡—¬

∫â“π¬“ß –Õ“¥Ban Yang Sa-at

ªÑÕ¡µ”√«®

∫â“π¥ß∫—ß À¡Ÿà 8Moo 8, Ban Dong Bang

∫â“π¥ß∫—ß À¡Ÿà 5Moo 5,

Ban Dong Bang

«—¥‚æ∏“√“¡Wat Pho Tharam

∫â“πÀπÕßæÕ°Ban Nong Phok

«—¥ªÉ“‡√‰√Wat Pa-Rerai

∫â“πÀπÕßª≈‘ßBan Nong Pling

∫â“π‡°à“πâÕ¬Ban Kao Noi

”π—° ß¶å‡°à“πâÕ¬

√Ÿª∑’Ë 3 ·ºπ∑’Ëµ”∫≈¥ß∫—ß

Picture 3 Dong Bang Sub-district Map


√Ÿª∑’Ë 4 ¿“æ∂ππ„πÀ¡Ÿà∫â“πPicture 4 The villageûs main road

√Ÿª∑’Ë 5 ¿“æÀ¡Ÿà∫â“πPicture 5 The villageûs area

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∑’Ëµ—Èß¢ÕßÀÕ‰µ√°≈“ßπÈ”

Moreover, in the East of Ban Dong Bang, connecting to

Ban Wang Du and about a kilometer from Dong Bang Sub-

district Administration, Organinzation is a swamp called

çNong Kaen Changé. Itûs a big and deep swamp with a lot of

water throughout the year and where a Floating Tripitaka

House is located.

√Ÿª∑’Ë 6 ÀÕ‡°Á∫√—°…“æ√–‰µ√ªîÆ° çÀπÕß·°àπ™â“ßé

∫√‘‡«≥«—¥‚æ∏“√“¡

Picture 6 The Floating Tripitaka House at

çNong Kaen Changé Wat Pho Tharam

the north.


In the West of Ban Dong Bang, bordering to Ban

Nong Phok near Wang Long marsh, is a 15 Rai wetland

called çNhong Sam Chang.é It is believed that herds of

elephants lived in the area. Now, the area around the

wetland and the marsh are owned by the villagers and

outsiders, and modified, some to be fish farms.

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Climate The weather in the area is, in general, effected

by monsoons. Average precipitation per year is low, even in raining

season. The weather is cool, especially in cold season. There is

no irrigation system or any big water source to be used for farming.

History

In 1757, a group of people migrated from Vientiane

to look for more fertilized land to settle. They kept moving

and doing farming until they reached a place near the area

where Ban Dong Bang is nowadays. They settled at Ban

Non Kao Noi at first. Then constructed a temple called

çWat Thungé with Grand Chief Paen as the first monk. After

he died, there was no new one coming, so the temple was

deserted. (Itûs now part of Wat Pho-Tharam and located at

Ban Dong Bang).

√Ÿª∑’Ë 7 ÀπÕß´”™â“ß

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‚¥¬¬°∞“π»“≈¢÷Èπ Ÿß‡æ’¬ß√–¥—∫ “¬µ“ „™â∑”æ‘∏’°√√¡

Setting a community at Ban Non Kao Noi gradually

increased the number of the communityûs people, causing

the conflicts, dividing the people into two groups. The first

group did farming at an area, approximately 20 Sens (a sen

= 40 meters) from Ban Non Kao Noi, and set up a new

village called çBan Song Ban Khahok (means squirrels--the

place had a lot of squirrels)é which is now çBan Nong Phok.é

Later, the villagers built a new temple called çWat Tha-Yaié

with Monk Zanon as the first abbot. The temple is now

called çWat Pa-Rerai.é

At Ban Nong Phok, there is a big swamp, used for

drinking and other household activities. The villagers called

the swamp çHuay Ta Khon Toré or çHuay Tha Chané. They

gathered at the swamp when they went for hunting and

gathering wild plants. Isan people in old time called the

gathering çPhok Kané or çRuam Kané, so it became the name

of the village, çBan Nong Phoké. Some people believe that

there was a big Phok tree growing near the swamp and

that was where the villageûs name came from. Thus, Phok

is the name of a big tree as well.

The other group moved in to a forest and started

to settle in the middle of the forest. Nobody could see the

houses unless reached the center of it. Thus, the village

was called çBan Dong Bangé. At the beginning of the

settlement, the villagers suffered attacking from wild

animals, such as, tigers and elephants. Their farm animals,

even guarding dogs, needed to be kept safely or they would

be killed and eaten with their dead bodies left near the

western edge of the forest which was later called çZhong

Hua Mahé until now.

After settling down at Ban Dong Bang, a shrine of

the local-god (Sao Lak Ban) was built. It was the shrine of

the village, with its base as high as eye sight level. It was

used in exorcising bad fortune. The villagers would prepare


ªí¥‡ªÉ“√—ß§«“π„Àâ°—∫À¡Ÿà∫â“π ‚¥¬„Àâ™“«∫â“ππ”ªóπ ¡’¥

ÀÕ° ¥“∫ ¡“„ÀâÀ¡Õæ√“À¡≥å„™âª√–°Õ∫æ‘∏’°√√¡ ∑—Èßπ’È À¡Õ

æ√“À¡≥å®–π”™“«∫â“π·Àà√Õ∫»“≈ 3 √Õ∫ ·≈â«°Áπ” Õ“«ÿ∏

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∫«ß √«ß·≈– “ª·™àß∂÷ß§πÀ√◊Õ¿¬—πµ√“¬∑—ÈßÀ≈“¬ ∑’Ë®–¡“√

∫°«π„Àâ™“«∫â“π‡¥◊Õ¥√âÕπ„Àâ¡≈“¬ Ÿ≠‰ª °“√ “ª·™àß„Àâ

µ“¬¥â«¬§¡ÀÕ°§¡¥“∫À√◊Õªóπ µ“¡§«“¡‡™◊ËÕ ¢Õß§π¬ÿ§

π—Èπ ®÷ß‡ªìπª√–‡æ≥’∑’Ë™“«∫â“π®–‡´àπ‰À«â∫«ß √«ß ª√–®”∑ÿ°

ªï

µàÕ¡“™“«∫â“π°Á√à«¡¡◊Õ°—π √â“ß«—¥¢÷Èπ¡“„À¡à™◊ËÕ«à“

ç«—¥‚æ∏‘Ï∑Õßé ¿“¬À≈—ß‡ª≈’Ë¬π™◊ËÕ‡ªìπ ç«—¥‚æ∏“√“¡é „Àâ‡ªìπ

«—¥ª√–®”À¡Ÿà∫â“π¥ß∫—ß¡“®π∂÷ß∑ÿ°«—ππ’È (√Ÿª∑’Ë 10)

a gun, a knife, a spear, and swords for a shaman to use

in the exorcising ceremony. The shaman would lead the

villagers to walk around the shrine for 3 times, put all the

weapons on the shrine, and says a prayer and a curse

for those harmful ones to disappear. The dead-by-weapons

cursing has become an annual ceremony, according to the

belief of the people in old day.

Later, they constructed a new temple called çWat

Pho-Thongé which, then, became çWat Pho Tharamé, the

temple of Ban Dong Bang nowadays. (Picture 10)

Õ“≥“®—°√≈â“π™â“ß °√ÿß‡«’¬ß®—π∑πåLan Chang Empire, Vientiane

∫â“π‚ππ‡°à“πâÕ¬Ban Non Kao Noi

∫â“π¥ß∫—ßBan Dong Bang

∫â“π°√–ŒÕ°(°√–√Õ°)

Ban Kra-hok(Kra-rok)

∫â“πÀπÕßæÕ°Ban Nong Phok

¿—¬ ß§√“¡ ∑”„Àâ‡°‘¥°“√¬â“¬∂‘Ëπ∞“πMigration according to wars

®”π«πª√–™“°√‡æ‘Ë¡ ∑”„Àâ‡°‘¥°“√¬â“¬∂‘Ëπ∞“πMigration according to increasing

of population

®”π«πª√–™“°√‡æ‘Ë¡ ∑”„Àâ‡°‘¥°“√¬â“¬∂‘Ëπ∞“πMigration according to increasing

of population

‰ø‰À¡â∫â“π§√—Èß„À≠à ∑”„Àâ‡°‘¥°“√¬â“¬∂‘Ëπ∞“πMigration according to big

burning in the village

√Ÿª∑’Ë 8 ≈”¥—∫§«“¡‡ªìπ¡“¢ÕßÀ¡Ÿà∫â“π

Picture 8 Background of the villages in order


Socio-economic and Administration

People in the villages had simple ways of living. They

praised one villager and called him/her çJah Bané or çPhor Bané. The

person would take care of the villagersû problems. Later, when the

villageûs population increased, the villageûs size did either, causing

conflicts and villagers to move out and settle down as other villages

around Ban Dong Bang. This caused the villagers to find a new

leader who acted as çJah Bané. Luang Suriya Thong-yot was

appointed to be the first çKam-nané and Mr.Thaite Phonchoo as

the chef of the village. Many years later, the local government

systemized the government administration, specifying çKam-nané

and the head of the village to stay in the positions until 60 years

old before retired unless dies or quits. Kam-nan and the chef has

taken cared of the village, instead of çJah Bané since then.

Occupational class Most villagers are farmers who rely on

rain. They grow rice once a year and raise farm animals, such as,

cows, buffalos, and chickens. Moreover, they grow mulberry and

raise local silk worms which can be found a lot in Ban Dong Bang.

These are what the villagers do when they are free from doing

farming. They also do trading, and conducting household industry,

for example, gemstone cutting, clothe sewing, silk cloth weaving,

sticky rice container and local fishing equipment making, mat and

foot scraper weaving, making and cow farming, and etc. These

professions lack of serious support from government organizations.

Skillful professions needed to be supported are as following:

1. Silk cloth weaving group

Villagers from Ban Dong Bang, Moo 5 informally

formed a group for silk cloth weaving profession. They weave

silk cloths for their own use and sell. At the present, they are

being supported, in term of knowledge and techniques in

creating and applying the Hoop-Tam (mural painting)

patterns, by the Office of Arts and Culture, Rajabhat Maha

Sarakham University. This is just a beginning of improving

development to create Dong Bang communityûs uniqueness.

¿“æ‡»√…∞°‘® —ß§¡ ·≈–°“√ª°§√Õß

¿“æ —ß§¡¡’§«“¡‡ªìπÕ¬Ÿà°—πÕ¬à“ß‡√’¬∫ßà“¬ ™“«∫â“π

‰¥â¬°¬àÕß§π„πÀ¡Ÿà∫â“π¢÷Èπ§πÀπ÷Ëß‡√’¬°°—π«à“ ç®à“∫â“πÀ√◊Õ

æàÕ∫â“πé ‡æ◊ËÕ∑”Àπâ“∑’Ë¥Ÿ·≈§«“¡∑ÿ°¢å ÿ¢¢Õß§π„πÀ¡Ÿà∫â“π

µàÕ¡“‡¡◊ËÕª√–™“°√‡æ‘Ë¡¡“°¢÷Èπ ∑”„ÀâÀ¡Ÿà∫â“π¢¬“¬µ—«µ“¡

‰ª¥â«¬ ®÷ß∑”„Àâ‡°‘¥°“√·¬°ÕÕ°®“°À¡Ÿà∫â“π‰ªµ—ÈßÕ¬Ÿà√Õ∫Ê

À¡Ÿà∫â“π¥ß∫—ß‡ªìπÀ≈“¬À¡Ÿà∫â“π¥â«¬°—π ¥â«¬‡Àµÿπ’È™“«∫â“π

®”‡ªìπµâÕßÀ“ºŸâπ”À¡Ÿà∫â“π¢÷Èπ∑”Àπâ“∑’Ë‡À¡◊Õπ®à“∫â“π ·≈â«

√à«¡°—πµ—ÈßÀ≈«ß ÿ√‘¬“ ∑Õß¬» ¢÷Èπ‡ªìπ°”π—π§π·√° ·≈–

„Àâπ“¬‰∑‡µâ º≈™Ÿ ‡ªìπºŸâ„À≠à∫â“π À≈“¬ªïµàÕ¡“ ∑“ß√“™°“√

°Á®—¥√–‡∫’¬∫°“√ª°§√ÕßÕ¬à“ß¡’√–∫∫„À¡à °”Àπ¥„Àâ°”π—π

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∑”Àπâ“∑’Ë¥Ÿ·≈À¡Ÿà∫â“π·∑π®à“∫â“π

°“√ª√–°Õ∫Õ“™’æ ™“«∫â“π à«π„À≠àª√–°Õ∫Õ“™’æ

∑”π“Õ“»—¬πÈ”Ωπ ‚¥¬∑”π“ªï≈–§√—Èß‡∑à“π—Èπ à«π°“√‡≈’È¬ß

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‡≈’È¬ß‰À¡æ◊Èπ‡¡◊Õß ´÷Ëßæ∫¡“°∑’Ë∫â“π¥ß∫—ß π—∫«à“‡ªìπÕ“™’æ

‡ √‘¡™à«ß«à“ß‡«âπ®“°°“√∑”π“¢Õß™“«∫â“π πÕ°®“°π’È ¬—ß¡’

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‰¥â·°à °“√‡®’¬√–‰πæ≈Õ¬ °“√‡¬Á∫ºâ“ °“√∑Õºâ“‰À¡ °“√

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°≈ÿà¡‡À≈à“π’È¬—ß¢“¥°“√ àß‡ √‘¡Õ¬à“ß®√‘ß®—ß ®“°Àπà«¬ß“π

¿“§√—∞ °≈ÿà¡∑’Ë¡’»—°¬¿“æ„πµ”∫≈ ‰¥â·°à

1. °≈ÿà¡∑Õºâ“‰À¡

°≈ÿà¡∑Õºâ“¡—¥À¡’Ë™“«∫â“π¥ß∫—ß À¡Ÿà∑’Ë 5 ‰¥â√«¡

°≈ÿà¡°—πÕ¬à“ß‰¡à‡ªìπ∑“ß°“√∑’Ëª√–°Õ∫Õ“™’æ∑Õºâ“¡—¥À¡’Ë

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¡À“ “√§“¡ ´÷ËßÕ¬Ÿà„π√–¬–‡√‘Ë¡µâπ¢Õß°“√ àß‡ √‘¡°“√æ—≤π“

„Àâ‡°‘¥‡ªìπß“π‡Õ°≈—°…≥å¢Õß™ÿ¡™πµ”∫≈¥ß∫—ßµàÕ‰ª


√Ÿª∑’Ë 9 ºâ“‰À¡¡—¥À¡’Ë¢Õß°≈ÿà¡∑Õºâ“‰À¡ ´÷Ëßæ—≤π“≈«¥≈“¬¢÷Èπ¡“®“°¿“æ®‘µ√°√√¡Ω“ºπ—ß (ŒŸª·µâ¡)

«—¥‚æ∏“√“¡ ∫â“π¥ß∫—ß

Picture 9 Mud Mee silk cloth, by the silk cloth weaving group, with patterns applied from mural paintings (Hoop-Tam)

at Wat Pho Tharam, Ban Dong Bang


√Ÿª∑’Ë 10 °≈ÿà¡∑Õºâ“∫â“π¥ß∫—ß °”≈—ß¡—¥≈“¬ŒŸª·µâ¡ ‰¥â√—∫°“√ àß‡ √‘¡®“° ”π—°»‘≈ª–·≈–«—≤π∏√√¡

¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬√“™¿—Ø¡À“ “√§“¡

Picture 10 Dong Bang Silk Cloth Weaving Group was creating Hoop-Tam patterns.

They were supported by the Office of Arts and Culture, Rajabhat Maha Sarakham University (RMU).

√Ÿª∑’Ë 11 ºâ“‰À¡¡—¥À¡’Ë¢Õß°≈ÿà¡∑Õºâ“‰À¡ ∫â“π¥ß∫—ß

Picture 11 Mud Mee Silk clothes by silk cloth weaving group, Ban Dong Bang


2. Foot Scraper Weaving2. °≈ÿà¡∑Õæ√¡‡™Á¥‡∑â“

√Ÿª∑’Ë 12 °≈ÿà¡∑Õæ√¡‡™Á¥‡∑â“ ‡ªìπº≈‘µ¿—≥±å √â“ß√“¬‰¥â„Àâ°—∫™“«∫â“πÀπÕßæÕ°Picture 12 Foot scrapers weaving is an occupation that makes money for the villagers

of Ban Nong Phok after harvesting or free time.

3. °≈ÿà¡®—° “π 3. Basket work

√Ÿª∑’Ë 13 °àÕß¢â“«Picture 13 Ghong-Kao

√Ÿª∑’Ë 14 °√–µ‘∫¢â“«‡Àπ’¬«Picture 14 Sticky rice box

√Ÿª∑’Ë 15 ß“π®—° “π ç°√–µ‘∫é ∑’Ë «¬ß“¡Picture 15 A collection of beautiful sticky rice containers


4. °≈ÿà¡‡®’¬√–‰πæ≈Õ¬ 4. Gemstones Cutting

√Ÿª∑’Ë 16 ß“π‡®’¬√–‰πæ≈Õ¬·≈–∂—° √âÕ¬ Õ“™’æ‡ √‘¡¬“¡«à“ß®“°°“√∑”π“Picture 16 Gemstones cutting and maketing necklaces are part-time money making activities

of the villagers when they are free from harvesting

5. °≈ÿà¡‡æ“–‡ÀÁ¥ 5. Mushroom Farm

√Ÿª∑’Ë 17 °≈ÿà¡‡æ“–‡ÀÁ¥ ∫â“πÀπÕßæÕ° Õ“™’æ‡ √‘¡®“°°“√∑”π“ µ“¡·π«∑“ß‡»√…∞°‘®æÕ‡æ’¬ßPicture 17 Mushroom fram at Ban Nong Phok, is an additional occupation for the villagers,

according to the Sufficiency Economy Philosophy, when they are free after cultivation.


µ≈“¥π—¥«—π‡ “√å

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√«¡µ—«¢ÕßæàÕ§â“·¡à§â“√à«¡¡◊Õ°—π®—¥µ≈“¥π—¥¢÷Èπ∑ÿ°«—π‡ “√å

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∑“ß°“√‡°…µ√ ‡™àπ º—° ‰°àæ◊Èπ‡¡◊Õß ª≈“ µ≈Õ¥®π Õ“À“√

æ◊Èπ∫â“ππ“π“™π‘¥¡“«“ß¢“¬„πµ≈“¥·Ààßπ’È

πÕ°®“° ‘π§â“„π∑âÕß∂‘Ëπ·≈â« æàÕ§â“ ·¡à§â“ ®“°

∑âÕß∂‘ËπÕ◊Ëπ ¬—ßπ” ‘π§â“Õÿª‚¿§·≈–∫√‘‚¿§¡“®—¥®”Àπà“¬¥â«¬

∑”„Àâ‡°‘¥°“√À¡ÿπ‡«’¬π¢Õß‡ß‘πÀ≈“¬À¡◊Ëπ∫“∑µàÕ —ª¥“Àå

Talad Nad Wan Sao (Saturday Market)

An interesting trading that has been making money for

people in Dong Bang sub-district for a long time is Talad Nad

(Bazaar or Market) which is where merchants gather every Saturday

making people from Dong Bang Sub-district and nearby communities

to be able to sell and trade their agricultural products, such as,

vegetable, native chickens, fish, as well as, many kinds of local food.

Besides local products, sellers from other communities also

bring their goods and food here causing cash circulating-over ten

thousand baht per week.

√Ÿª∑’Ë 18 µ≈“¥π—¥«—π‡ “√åPicture 18 Saturday Market

µ≈“¥π—¥‚§-°√–∫◊Õ

„π«—πÕ“∑‘µ¬å ∑’Ëµ”∫≈¥ß∫—ß ¡’µ≈“¥π—¥∑’Ë∑”°“√´◊ÈÕ

¢“¬ ·≈°‡ª≈’Ë¬π‚§-°√–∫◊Õ ´÷Ëß‡ªìπµ≈“¥π—¥‚§-°√–∫◊Õ

µ≈“¥¢π“¥‡≈Á° ¡’°“√´◊ÈÕ¢“¬ ·≈°‡ª≈’Ë¬π‚§-°√–∫◊Õ

ª√–¡“≥ §√—Èß≈– 10-20 µ—« ¡’‡ß‘πÀ¡ÿπ‡«’¬π„πµ≈“¥π—¥

ª√–¡“≥ 50,000 ∂÷ß 100,000 ∫“∑ µàÕ —ª¥“Àå

Cow and Buffalo Market

On every Sunday, at Dong Bang sub-district, there

is a market for selling cows and buffalos. Itûs a small market

for trading about 10 to 20 cows or buffalos making 50,000

to 100,000 baht cash circulating per week.

√Ÿª∑’Ë 19 µ≈“¥π—¥‚§-°√–∫◊ÕPicture 19 Cows and Buffalos Market


Education

In the old days, there was no school so parents took care

of teaching their children in their houses. They taught their

children about local customs, ways of living, unity and love for their

community, and how to be honest and trustworthy. Later, there

was a school inside the temple, Wat Pho Tharam, to teach monks

with Phra Palad Dum (a fellow of Grand Chief Chan Dee, the first

abbot) as a teacher who came back from study in Selaphum district,

Roi-Et province. By that time, there were not many people who

wanted to study. When the Elementary Education Act was announced

in 1921, the first school was built in Wat Pho Tharam, Ban Dong

Bang with Grand Chief Chan Dee as the leader. A wooden building

was constructed and called çPracha Ban Wat Ban Dong Bang

Schoolé with Monk Palad Dam as the first principal. The school

was available for grade 1 to grade 4 (P.1-P.4) since 1966. Later the

schoolûs name was changed to çBan Dong Bang Community Schoolé

with Mr. Songsilp Laosaeng as the principal. At that time, Dong

Bang Community School was available for grade 1 to grade 6 (P.1-

P.6) according to the Ministry of Educationûs policies.

Mr. Mong Laosaeng was the second principal of

Pracha Ban Wat Ban Dong Bang School, and Mr. Khrueang

Thong Yot as the third. During Mr. Songsilpûs principal

period, the chief monk, Pra kru Pisainawakarn, together with

some villagers, moved the school out of Wat Pho Tharam to

an area, given by the government since the former principal,

Mr. Khrueang Thongyot, connecting with Don Pu Tah (a

holy highland) of the village. Later, moved about 3 Rais (1 rai

=1,600 sq.m) inside Don Pu Tah area in order to construct

study building and more in the future. Now, the school is

available for grade 7 to 12. (M.1-M.6)

In 1990, When Mr. Sophon Yodwongkong was the Kamnan

of Dong Bang Sub-district, Mr. Songsilp Laosaeng, Head of Dong

Bang Community School and Secretary of the Local Council, made

an official letter to the local government, expressing his want and

Dong Bang peopleûs in building a secondary school in Dong Bang

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™“«Õ’ “π∑—Ë«‰ª

Sub-district. Later, Department of General Education approved

the request, made the school under management of Na Dun

Prachasan School, Na Dun district, Maha Sarakham province,

and appointed Mr. Surasak Siri to be the coordinator of the school

since 1st October 1990.

According to the announcement ref. 1822/2535, signed on

3rd April 1992 given by Na Dun Prachasan School, Mr. Surasak Siri

with monthly salary of 9,290 baht, was promoted to be the principal

since 30th November 1992 and the schoolûs name was changed

to çDong Bang Phisai Nawakarnusorn School.é The current director

of the school is Mr. Songrat Thanamalapong.

Arts and Culture

Dong Bang people stick to local customs and traditions.

They have practiced çHeed Sib Song (12 months tradition) Kong

Sib Si (14 practices)é and activities, such as, sprinkling water on

elderly hands and getting blessing from them during water splashing

festival. This is an occasion for young people to return home.

The people, in general, are generous and helpful to each

other like siblings. They love peace, merit making, and stick to

traditional customs and religious practices. They have faith in

Buddhism and love arts and cultures, and local traditional recreation,

such as, Mor-lum, Mor-lum Klon, Mor-lum Plern, Mor-lum Zing, and

Nang Ta-lung like other Isan people.


√Ÿª∑’Ë 20 ™“«µ”∫≈¥ß∫—ß¡’§«“¡‡≈◊ËÕ¡„ „πæ√–æÿ∑∏»“ π“√à«¡°—π∑”∫ÿ≠„π«—π ”§—≠∑“ß»“ π“

Picture 20 Dong Bang people believe in Buddhism and,together, make merit in on important religiousoccasions.

√Ÿª∑’Ë 21 °“√ª√–°«¥·≈–·¢àß¢—π°“√®à“¬º≠“·≈–°“√·¢àß√âÕß √¿—≠≠– ®—¥¢÷Èπ∑ÿ°ªï ‡æ◊ËÕÕπÿ√—°…å»‘≈ª–æ◊Èπ∫â“π ‚¥¬°“√ π—∫ πÿπ¢ÕßÕß§å°“√∫√‘À“√ à«πµ”∫≈¥ß∫—ß

Picture 21 Paya poem and Sora Phanya singing areannually held in order to conserve the localarts, with support from Dong Bang Sub-distrietAdministration Organinzation.

√Ÿª∑’Ë 22 ª√–‡æ≥’°“√¢π∑√“¬‡¢â“«—¥À√◊Õµ∫ª–∑“¬ ª√–‡æ≥’ ”§—≠„π«—π«‘ “¢∫Ÿ™“Picture 22 To temple Sand Carrying or Tob Pathai (Sand Pagoda Making)

is an important folkway done on Visakha Bucha Day.


...‡ ’¬ß·§π ·Ààß¥‘π·¥πÕ’ “π‰¥â∫√√‡≈ß√—∫∫∑

æ“°¬å ‡Õ◊ÈÕπ‡Õà¬‡ªìπ∑”πÕß∑’Ë§ÿâπ‡§¬ ¥÷ß¥Ÿ¥„ÀâºŸâ√Õ™¡ °“√

· ¥ß®¥®âÕß‰ª∑’Ë®Õºâ“¢“« ÷Ëß «à“ßπ«≈¥â«¬· ß‰øøÑ“ “¥

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§«“¡ ÿ¢...

∫∑∫√√¬“¬¢â“ßµâπ ®–«à“‰ª·≈â«Õ“®‡ªìπ‰¥â∑—Èß∫∑

∫—π∑÷°ª√–«—µ‘»“ µ√åÀπâ“Àπ÷Ëß¢Õß¡À√ æ ”§—≠¢Õß§π

Õ’ “π À√◊ÕÕ“®®–‡ªìπ‡æ’¬ß∫∑∫√√¬“¬„π®‘πµπ“°“√ °≈à“«

∂÷ß«—π‡«≈“Õ—π√ÿàß‚√®πå∑’Ë‰¥âºà“π‰ª·≈â«¢Õß»‘≈ª°“√· ¥ß

·¢πßπ’È∑’Ë‡√’¬°«à“ çª–‚¡∑—¬ À√◊ÕÀπ—ßµ–≈ÿßÕ’ “πé

Àπ—ßª–‚¡∑—¬ À√◊ÕÀπ—ßµ–≈ÿßÕ’ “π

√Ÿª∑’Ë 23 °“√· ¥ßÀπ—ßª–‚¡∑—¬Picture 23 Isan Shadow Puppets Performance

Pamo-Thai Showing or Isan Shadow Puppets Showing

...The sound of Isan Kan (an Isan musical instrument)

is responding to a lyric in a familiar melody, pulling the

audienceûs attention to the white cloth screen shined from

a light bulb behind it, displaying figures of Bak Pong and

Deputy Teu put up and performed close to the screen,

hopping in front of the audience of all ages and genders

whoûve waited to see this performance of the happy night...

The above narration can be either be a historic

record of Isanûs important custom or just a script in oneûs

imagination describing a superior time in the past of an

artistic performance called çPamo-Thai or Isan Shadow

Puppets Showing.é


√Ÿª∑’Ë 24 §√Ÿ∫ÿ≠≈’ À√◊Õ π“¬∫ÿ≠≈’ æ≈§”¡“° Õ“¬ÿ 58 ªïÀ—«Àπâ“§≥–ª–‚¡∑—¬ . ”≈’ ºŸâ ◊∫∑Õ¥µ”π“πÀπ—ßµ–≈ÿßÕ’ “π¢Õß™“«µ”∫≈¥ß∫—ß

Picture 24 Mr. Boon Lee Polkhammak, 58 years-old, Head

of So Sam-lee band, shadow puppets band, a

carrier of Isan shadow puppet legend of people

in Dong Bang sub-district

√Ÿª∑’Ë 25 §√Ÿ¿Ÿ¡‘ªí≠≠“¥â“π»‘≈ª–æ◊Èπ∫â“π Àπ—ßª–‚¡∑—¬Picture 25 Indigenous knowledge in folk art, Pamo-Thai

(shadow puppet)

√Ÿª∑’Ë 26 µ—«Àπ—ßª–‚¡∑—¬ ‰¥â¡“®“°¿“æ®‘µ√°√√¡Ω“ºπ—ßPicture 26 Pamo-Thai leathers cutting from Mural Paintings

√Ÿª∑’Ë 27 Õπ°“√‡™‘¥Àπ—ßª–‚¡∑—¬·°à‡¬“«™πPicture 27 Teaching how to perform Pamo-Thai to children


√Ÿª∑’Ë 28 ‡ªìπ«‘∑¬“°√ Õπ»‘≈ª–æ◊Èπ∫â“πÀπ—ßª–‚¡∑—¬Picture 28 Guest speakers on the local art, Pamo-Thai,

at schools.

√Ÿª∑’Ë 29 Õπ°“√∑”Àπ—ßµ–≈ÿß„Àâ°—∫‚√ß‡√’¬π™ÿ¡™π∫â“π¥ß∫—ß

Picture 29 Teaching how to make Ta-lung sheet cutting

to students at Ban Dong Bang Community School

∂“π∑’Ë ”§—≠¢Õßµ”∫≈

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‚√ß‡√’¬π¥ß∫—ßæ‘ —¬π«°“√πÿ √≥å

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‚√ß‡√’¬π™ÿ¡™π∫â“π¥ß∫—ß

3. »Ÿπ¬å°“√‡√’¬π√Ÿâ™ÿ¡™π 1 ·Ààß

4. »Ÿπ¬åæ—≤π“‡¥Á°°àÕπ‡°≥±å 1 ·Ààß

5. «—¥ 4 ·Ààß

”π—° ß¶å 1 ·Ààß

6. ∂“π’Õπ“¡—¬ 1 ·Ààß

7. Õß§å°“√∫√‘À“√ à«πµ”∫≈ 1 ·Ààß

Important places of the Sub-district

1. 1 Secondary school,

Dong Bang Phisai Nawakarnnusorn

2. 1 Elementary School,

Ban Dong Bang Community School

3. 1 Community Learnirg Center

4. 1 Pre-school children development Center

5. 4 Temples and one House of Priest

6. 1 Public health station

7. 1 Sub-distriet orgarigation


Wats (Temples) and Sims (Ubosots) History

1) Wat Pho Tharamûs Sim

Wat Pho Tharam is at 95 Moo 5, Ban Dong Bang, Dong Bang

Sub-district, Na Dun district, Maha Sarakham province. The temple is under

Maha Nikai Hierarchy and covers 6 Rais, 2 Ngans, and 6 square wahs, (1 rai

= 1,600 sq.m.) according to the the map No. L 7017, series 5460 II.

Neighboring Areas

The North connects to a public road

The South, a the public road surrounding the village

The East , to land of the residents

The West, to land of the residents

Properties inside the temple, consist of

1. Five places of temple land: 19 Rais and 2 Ngans

and 80 Square Wahs

2. The templeûs religious buildings are made from

concrete and steels which is a pagoda, 14 meters wide and

20 meters long, built in 1908 with mural paintings of

Vessataraûs tale and Buddhaûs background., the hall (Viet-

namese art style), 17 meters wide and 22 meters long, built

in 1922 and made from concrete and steels.

3. A floating Tripitaka House in the North of the

temple

History

Wat Pho Tharam, as mentioned in a book, Histories of

Temples in the Kingdom of Thailand, was built in approximate 1800

A.D and called çWat Ban Dong Bangé by villagers. Itûs an old temple

that has a floating Tripitaka House in the north. There is no

evidence of when it was built and by whom. There are Laotian

and Khmer alphabets written on the floating house. Wat Pho Tharam

was given this holy area by the King on 16th July 1908. The area is

14 meters width.

Wat Pho Tharam, before, was called çWat Pho Thongé.

Later in 1942, was changed to çWat Pho Tharam.é The

floating Tripitaka House was located in the center of a

pond. Later when Phrakru Chandee IV was the abbot, Sim

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14 ‡¡µ√

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√Ÿª∑’Ë 4 ‡ªìπ‡®â“Õ“«“ ¢Õß«—¥‚æ∏“√“¡ ‰¥âÕÕ°·∫∫µ—« ‘¡


‚¥¬¬°æ◊Èπ Ÿß ¡’¿“æ®‘µ√°√√¡Ω“ºπ—ßÀ√◊ÕŒŸª·µâ¡∑—Èß¿“¬„π

·≈–¿“¬πÕ° ‘¡ ¿“¬„π ‘¡‰¥â·µâ¡ŒŸª∫Õ°‡≈à“‡√◊ËÕß√“«‡°’Ë¬«°—∫

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π‘∑“πæ◊Èπ∫â“π‡√◊ËÕß ‘π‰´ ( —ß¢å»‘≈ªá™—¬) ·≈–æÿ∑∏ª√–«—µ‘ ‚¥¬

™à“ß·µâ¡ŒŸª™◊ËÕ«à“ ™à“ß®“√¬å “≈“¬ ·≈–™à“ß ‘ßÀå ‡ªìπ™“« ∫â“π

¥ß∫—ß∑—Èß§Ÿà ·≈–Ωï¡◊Õ™à“ß ‘ßÀå°Á¬—ßª√“°ØÕ¬Ÿà∑’Ë«—¥ªÉ“‡√‰√ À√◊Õ

«—¥∫â“πÀπÕßæÕ°¥â«¬‡™àπ°—π

Bok was built. He designed Sim to have high base with

mural paintings or Hoop-Tam both inside and outside the

Sim. Hoop-Tam painted inside the Sim tells Buddhaûs

history and Vessantaraûs tales. The one outside was painted

about villagersû ways of living. The painters of these

paintings were local artisans, Chan Salai and Singha. Both

lived in Ban Dong Bang. Artisan Singhaûs painting also

appears at Wat Pa -Rerai or Wat Nong Phok too.

√Ÿª∑’Ë 30 ª√–µŸ∑“ß‡¢â“«—¥‚æ∏“√“¡Picture 30 The entrance of Wat Pho Tharam in front.

√Ÿª∑’Ë 31 ‘¡«—¥‚æ∏“√“¡Picture 31 Sim at Wat Pho Tharam

√Ÿª∑’Ë 32 »“≈“°“√‡ª√’¬≠ (ÀÕ·®°) »‘≈ª–≠«πµ‘¥°—∫ ‘¡«—¥‚æ∏“√“¡

Picture 32 Sermon Hall (Hor Jaek), A Vietnamese art, built

close to Sim of Wat Pho Tharam


√Ÿª∑’Ë 33 ∫√‘‡«≥√Õ∫«—¥‚æ∏“√“¡Picture 33 Surrounding of Wat Pho Tharam

√Ÿª∑’Ë 34 ∫—π‰¥∑“ß¢÷Èπ ‘¡ ∑“ß∑‘»µ–«—πÕÕ°Picture 34 Stairs to the east of the sim

√“¬π“¡‡®â“Õ“«“ «—¥‚æ∏“√“¡ ∑’Ëª√“°Ø¡’¥—ßπ’È

√Ÿª∑’Ë 1 æ√–≈’

√Ÿª∑’Ë 2 æ√–∏–

√Ÿª∑’Ë 3 æ√–§√Ÿ®—π¥’ æ.». 2441 - 2473

√Ÿª∑’Ë 4 æ√–§√Ÿæ‘ —¬π«°“√ 2474 - 2547

√Ÿª∑’Ë 5 æ√– À— —¡æÀÿ‚≈ √—°…“°“√‡®â“Õ“«“

æ.». 2547-ªí®®ÿ∫—π

æ√–§√Ÿæ‘ —¬π«°“√ Õ¥’µ‡®â“Õ“«“ ¡—¬‡¡◊ËÕ¬—ß§ß

¡’™’«‘µÕ¬Ÿà ‡§¬‡≈à“„Àâ≠“µ‘‚¬¡øíß«à“ ‘¡À≈—ßπ’È°àÕ √â“ß¡“

‰¡àµË”°«à“ 100 ªï ¡—¬∑à“π¬—ß‡ªìπ‡¥Á°‡§¬¡“«‘Ëß‡≈àπ∑’Ë«—¥π’È

à«πºŸâ‡¢’¬π¿“æ∑√“∫«à“ §◊Õ π“¬ ‘ßÀå ™à“ß§π‡¥’¬«°—∫∑’Ë «“¥

¿“æ‰«â∑’Ë ‘¡«—¥ªÉ“‡√‰√¥â«¬‡™àπ°—π ·≈–™à“ß∑’Ë°àÕ √â“ß ‘¡ °Á

‡ªìπ™à“ß°≈ÿà¡‡¥’¬«°—π

ŒŸª·µâ¡∑’Ë ‘¡·Ààßπ’È ‡¢’¬π¥â«¬ ’ΩÿÉπ „π«√√≥–‡¬Áπ

‡™àπ‡¥’¬«°—∫∑’Ëª√“°ØÕ¬Ÿà∑’Ë ‘¡«—¥ªÉ“‡√‰√ ¿“¬„π«“¥¿“æ ‡≈à“

Name list of Abbots from the past to present at Wat Pho-Taram

1st Abbot, Phra Lee

2nd Abbot, Phra Tha

3rd Abbot, Phrakhru Chandee-1907 - 1930

4th Abbot, Phrakhru Pisainawakarn-1931 - 2004

5th (acting) Abbot, Pra Sahas Sumpahulo

-2004 - present

Phrakhru Phisainawakarn, a former abbot, said to

the villagers once when he was alive this Sim was built

more than 100 years ago. When he was a kid, he used to

play in this temple. The painter of the mural painting was

believed to be artisan Singha, the same person who did the

painting at Wat Pa-Rerai too.

Powder color was used to create Hoop-Tam at murals as

well as at the one at Wat Pa-Rerai. The Hoop-Tam told historiesû


Buddha and behind the principle Buddha image was a picture of

the Pagoda of remains: Ket Kaew Chulamanee, with two monks,a

god and an angel, and an elephant. At the eastern front wall, were

pictures of a pagoda of Buddha, a man, and a woman.

The Templeûs Hall (Ubosot)ûs Structure

The Hall (Ubosot) of Wat Pho-Taram, Ban Dong Bang,

Dong Bang sub-district, Na Dun district, Maha Sarakham province, is

made from bricks and cement with thick walls, high base, triangle

roof, and poles to support the spreading roof base. Before, the roof

was made from scale tiles and decorated with Ngoh or Cho-fah (gable

apex), and Lam Yong and Hang Hong at the top of the roof. These art

works were all made by local artisans. There are two cavity windows

on each wall and the entrance is in the east with a swinging door,

and Naka shaped stairs base lying in the east of the Sim. The roof

is a one storage triangle with poles supporting the two layers roof

base. The Sim still has mural paintings made by local artisans.

‡√◊ËÕßæÿ∑∏ª√–«—µ‘ ¥â“πÀ≈—ßæ√–ª√–∏“π‰¥â«“¥‡ªìπ√Ÿª

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∏‘¥“ 2 Õß§å ·≈–™â“ß 1 ‡™◊Õ° à«πºπ—ß¥â“π∑‘»µ–«—πÕÕ°

‡¢’¬π‡ªìπ√Ÿª‡®¥’¬åæ√–æÿ∑∏‡®â“ ·≈–¿“æ™“¬-À≠‘ß

‚§√ß √â“ßÕÿ‚∫ ∂

Õÿ‚∫ ∂«—¥«—¥‚æ∏“√“¡ ∫â“π¥ß∫—ß µ”∫≈¥ß∫—ß

Õ”‡¿Õπ“¥Ÿπ ®—ßÀ«—¥¡À“ “√§“¡ ‡ªìπÕ“§“√°àÕÕ‘∞ Õ¥‘π

©“∫ªŸπ ºπ—ß°àÕ∑÷∫ ∞“π Ÿß À≈—ß§“∑√ß®—Ë« ¡’‡ “√Õß√—∫ªï°π°

‚¥¬√Õ∫Õ“§“√ ·µà‡¥‘¡À≈—ß§“¡ÿß¥â«¬°√–‡∫◊ÈÕß·∫∫·ªÑπ

‡°≈Á¥ ª√–¥—∫¥â«¬‚Àßà ™àÕøÑ“°≈“ß —πÀ≈—ß§“¡’‡§√◊ËÕß≈”¬Õß

·≈–À“ßÀß å ß“π»‘≈ª–∑’Ëª√–≥’µ‡À≈à“π’È≈â«π‡ªìπΩï¡◊Õ¢Õß

™à“ßæ◊Èπ∫â“π∑—Èß ‘Èπ ‚¥¬‡®“–™àÕßÀπâ“µà“ß¢â“ß≈– 2 ™àÕß ¡’

∑“ß‡¢â“∑“ß¥â“π∑‘»µ–«—πÕÕ°¡’ª√–µŸ‡ªî¥ªî¥ ∑“ß¢÷Èπ‡ªìπ

∫—π‰¥π“§ À—πÀπâ“‰ª∑“ß∑‘»µ–«—πÕÕ° À≈—ß§“¡’≈—°…≥–

‡ªìπ®—Ë«™—Èπ‡¥’¬« ¡’‡ “™“¬§“√—∫ªï°π°‚¥¬√Õ∫ ´âÕπ 2 ™—Èπ

¡’¿“æ®‘µ√°√√¡Ω“ºπ—ßΩï¡◊Õ™“«∫â“π∑’Ë¬—ßÀ≈ß‡À≈◊ÕÕ¬Ÿà

√Ÿª∑’Ë 35 ‘¡«—¥‚æ∏“√“¡Picture 35 Wat Pho Tharamûs Sim

‚¥¬∑—Ë«‰ª™“«Õ’ “π‡√’¬°Õÿ‚∫ ∂Õ’°Õ¬à“ß«à“ ç ‘¡é

‰¥â‡®“–™àÕßÀπâ“µà“ß ’Ë‡À≈’Ë¬¡‡≈Á°Ê à«π∫—π‰¥π—Èπ °àÕÕ‘∞

©“∫ªŸπ

In general, Isan people call a templeûs hall çSim,é

which has small cavity windows with stairs made from bricks

and cement.


®ÿ¥‡¥àπ

¡’¿“æ‡¢’¬π®‘µ√°√√¡Ω“ºπ—ß ‚¥¬Ωï¡◊Õ™à“ß ™◊ËÕ

çπ“¬ ‘ßÀåé ’∑’Ë„™â‡ªìπ ’øÑ“ §√“¡ ‡¢’¬« ¢“« ‚¥¬ºπ—ß¥â“π„π

‡¢’¬π‡√◊ËÕß√“«æÿ∑∏ª√–«—µ‘ æ√–‡« —π¥√™“¥° ·≈–√“¡ Ÿ√-

‡¡¢≈“ à«π¥â“ππÕ° ‘¡ ‡ªìπ‡√◊ËÕß ‡« —π¥√™“¥° æÿ∑∏

ª√–«—µ‘ ‘π‰´ ·≈–æ√–¡“≈—¬‚ª√¥ —µ«å ¿“æ·µà≈–µÕπ

∫√√¬“¬¥â«¬Õ—°…√∏√√¡·≈–Õ—°…√‰∑¬πâÕ¬ ‡ªìπ™à«ßÊ

ºπ—ß¥â“ππÕ°‡ªìπ¿“æ‡≈à“‡√◊ËÕßæ√–‡« —π¥√™“¥° à«π

ºπ—ß¥â“πµ–«—πµ° ‡≈à“‡√◊ËÕßæÿ∑∏ª√–«—µ‘ µÕπª∞¡‡Àµÿ

æ√–æÿ∑∏‡®â“‡ ¥Á®ÕÕ°ºπ«™

Prominence

The mural painting was made by an artisan-Mr.Singha,

and blue, indigo, green, and white were used in painting. The

painting inside the Sim are about Buddhaûs story, Vessantaraûs tales,

and Thunder Giant and Goddess of lightning. The one outside

the Sim are about Vessantaraûs tales, Buddhaûs story, Zin Zai, and

Phra Malai blessing animals. Each picture has Dharma and Thai Noi

alphabet. The outer walls of the Sim are picture tales of Vessantara

and the one to the West is Buddhaûs background of when he

decided to be a monk.

√Ÿª∑’Ë 36 ™àÕßÀπâ“µà“ß¿“¬„π ‘¡«—¥‚æ∏“√“¡Picture 36 Simûs window when looked from inside the Sim

√Ÿª∑’Ë 37 ∫√‘‡«≥¥â“πÀπâ“ ‘¡«—¥‚æ∏“√“¡Picture 37 The front of Wat Pho-Taramûs Sim


πÕ°®“°π’È ¬—ß¡’¿“æ«“¥∑’Ë –∑âÕπ«‘∂’™’«‘µ ¢Õß§π

Õ’ “π ‡ªìπ¿“æ°“√∑”π“ ∑Õ¥·ÀÀ“ª≈“ ª√–‡æ≥’∑âÕß∂‘Ëπ

ºπ—ß¥â“πµ–«—πµ°¬—ß¡’¿“æºŸâ™“¬Ω√—Ëßµà“ß™“µ‘ —ß‡°µ‰¥â

™—¥‡®π ‡æ√“–™à“ß·µâ¡®–‡πâπ„Àâ‡ÀÁπ√Ÿª√à“ß∑’Ë Ÿß„À≠à „ à

À¡«°∑√ß Ÿß «¡√Õß‡∑â“∫Ÿäµª≈“¬ßÕπ ¬◊π‚Õ∫°Õ¥ºŸâÀ≠‘ß

–∑âÕπ„Àâ‡ÀÁπ«à“‡¡◊ËÕ 100 ªï°àÕπ ‡§¬¡’Ω√—Ëßµà“ß™“µ‘‡¢â“¡“

Õ“»—¬Õ¬Ÿà„π¿“§Õ’ “π·≈â«À√◊Õ™à“ß‡§¬‡ÀÁπΩ√—Ëß·≈â«

à«π¿“æ«‘∂’™’«‘µ™ÿ¡™π∂◊Õ‡ªìπ‡Õ°≈—°…≥å¢Õß™à“ß

·µâ¡ŒŸª ™“«Õ’ “π ‡π◊ËÕß¥â«¬¿“æ®‘µ√°√√¡∑’Ëª√“°Øµ“¡

«—¥Õ’ “π∑—Ë«‰ª ™à“ß«“¥¡—°®– Õ¥·∑√°‡√◊ËÕß√“««‘∂’™’«‘µ

¥—ß°≈à“«‰«â ∑”„ÀâºŸâ¡“‡∑’Ë¬«™¡ŒŸª·µâ¡ πÕ°®“°®–‰¥â∑√“∫

‡√◊ËÕß√“«∑“ß¥â“πæÿ∑∏»“ π“ ¬—ß‰¥â∑√“∫‡√◊ËÕß√“«°“√¥”√ß

™’«‘µ¢Õß§πÕ’ “π„πÕ¥’µÕ’°¥â«¬

‘¡«—¥‚æ∏“√“¡ ‰¥â√—∫°“√æ‘®“√≥“√“ß«—≈Õ“§“√

Õπÿ√—°…å¥’‡¥àπ ‡¡◊ËÕªï 2547 ®“° ¡“§¡ ∂“ªπ‘° ¬“¡„π

æ√–∫√¡√“™Ÿª∂—¡¿å ·≈–‰¥â®—¥∑”∑–‡∫’¬πÕ“§“√∑’Ë§«√§à“

·°à°“√Õπÿ√—°…å‰«â·≈â« à«π°√¡»‘≈ª“°√¬—ß‰¡à‰¥â®“√÷°

¢âÕ§«“¡„¥Ê ‰«â∑’Ë«—¥ ¡’·µà°“√∫Ÿ√≥– àÕ¡·´¡À≈—ß§“„À¡àÀ¡¥

‡æ√“–¢Õß‡¥‘¡Õ¬Ÿà„π ¿“æ∑√ÿ¥‚∑√¡ à«πµ—« ‘¡·≈–¿“æ

®‘µ√°√√¡¬—ß§ß ¿“æ‰«â‡À¡◊Õπ‡¥‘¡ ·≈–∑ÿ°«—ππ’ÈŒŸª·µâ¡

‰¥â™”√ÿ¥∑√ÿ¥‚∑√¡≈ß‰ª¡“° ‡π◊ËÕß¥â«¬¢’Èπ° ΩÿÉπ ·≈–‡™◊ÈÕ√“

®“°Ωπ

Moreover, there are paintings that display Isan peopleûs

ways of life, such as, farming, fishing with Hae (local fishing tool),

and local customs. On the west wall, there is a picture of western

guys. We can tell they were western because the artisan made their

figures big with high hats and rising top boots, and holding women.

That shows western people ever came here and lived in Isan, or

that the artisan saw them since one hundred years ago.

The pictures of peopleûs ways of life are considered

uniqueness of Isan Hoop-Tam artisans, for mural paintings

in Isan temples usually have that underlined in them,

acknowledging the tourists, who come to see Hoop-Tam,

about Buddhismûs backgrounds and Isan peopleûs ways .

Sim at Wat Pho Tharam was considered to have the

Best Conserved Building Award from the Kingûs Siamese

Architect Association in 2004, and registered to be

conserved building. The Arts Fine department hasnût

written anything at the temple but been replacing the old

roof with a new one for the old one was very deteriorated.

The Sim itself and the mural paintings are left untouched.

The Hoop-Tam, nowadays, is very much more worn-out

because of birdsû feces, dust, rain, and fungus.

√Ÿª∑’Ë 38 √àÕß√Õ¬§«“¡‡ ◊ËÕ¡‚∑√¡¢Õß¿“æÕ—π‡π◊ËÕß¡“®“°¢’Èπ° ΩÿÉπ ·≈–‡™◊ÈÕ√“

Picture 38 Deterioration of the painting from birdsûfeces, dust, and fungus.


2) Wat Pa-Reraiû Sim

Wat Pa-Rerai is located at Moo 5, Ban Nhong Phok, Dong

Bang sub-district, Na Doon district, Maha Sarakham province, according

to the map No. L 7017, series 5640 II. It covers 1 Rai, 3 Ngarns, and 60

Square Wahs, (1 rai = 1,600 sq.m.) and is registered as a historical site

in a government gazette-no. 110, part 217-on 22nd December 1993.

Borders

Nong Sum Chang, to the North

Ban Nong Phokûs public road, to the South

Villagersû lands, to the East

Ban Nong Phokûs public road, to the West

History of the Temple and Sim

According to hearsay found evidence, Wat Pa-

Rerai is a very old temple, built around 1681. During the

period of Phra Athikarn Yew as the Abbot name it éWat

Ban Nong Phok.é Later in 1942, the name was changed to

çWat Pa-Reraié which has been used until now.

2) Õÿ‚∫ ∂«—¥ªÉ“‡√‰√

∑’Ëµ—Èß À¡Ÿà 5 ∫â“πÀπÕßæÕ° µ”∫≈¥ß∫—ß Õ”‡¿Õ

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217 ‡¡◊ËÕ«—π∑’Ë 22 ∏—π«“§¡ æ.». 2536

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∑‘»µ–«—πÕÕ° ®¥æ◊Èπ∑’Ë¢Õß™“«∫â“π

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√Ÿª∑’Ë 39 ∫√‘‡«≥«—¥ªÉ“‡√‰√ ¥â“π∑‘»µ–«—πÕÕ° πÕ°°”·æßPicture 39 Eastern area outside Wat Pa-Rerai

√Ÿª∑’Ë 40 ∂ππ¥‘π‡≈’¬∫«—¥ªÉ“‡√‰√ ¥â“π∑‘»µ–«—πÕÕ°Picture 40 The laterite road to the East of Wat Pa-Rerai


√Ÿª∑’Ë 41 ª√–µŸ∑“ß‡¢â“«—¥ªÉ“‡√‰√Õ¬Ÿà∑“ß¥â“πµ–«—πµ°¢Õß«—¥

Picture 41 The Entrance of Wat Pa-Rerai is the West.

«—¥π’È‡ªìπ«—¥‡°à“·°à¡“° ª√–™“™π∑’ËÕæ¬æ¡“®“°

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ÀπÕßæÕ°·≈–∫â“π°√–√Õ° «—¥π’È √â“ß‰«â∑’Ë∫â“πÀπÕßæÕ°

´÷ËßÕ¬Ÿà°÷Ëß°≈“ß√–À«à“ß ÕßÀ¡Ÿà∫â“π

«—¥ªÉ“‡√‰√‰¥â√—∫æ√–√“™∑“π«‘ ÿß§“¡ ’¡“„π√—™ ¡—¬

æ√–∫“∑ ¡‡¥Á®æ√–¡ß°ÿÆ‡°≈â“‡®â“Õ¬ŸàÀ—« ‡¡◊ËÕ«—π∑’Ë 4 ¡‘∂ÿπ“¬π

æ.». 2460

‚§√ß √â“ßÕÿ‚∫ ∂

Õÿ‚∫ ∂À√◊Õ ‘¡«—¥ªÉ“‡√‰√ —ππ‘…∞“π«à“πà“®– √â“ß

¢÷Èπ √“« æ.». 2224 ´÷Ëßπ—∫«à“¡’§«“¡‡°à“·°à·ÀàßÀπ÷Ëß„π¿“§

µ–«—πÕÕ°‡©’¬ß‡Àπ◊Õ ‡ªìπß“π»“ π ∂“ªíµ¬å∑’Ë‚¥¥‡¥àπ §◊Õ

ªìπ ‘¡·∫∫æ◊Èπ∫â“π √Ÿª·∫∫ ∂“ªíµ¬°√√¡‡ªìπ ‘¡∑÷∫

µ—«Õ“§“√°àÕÕ‘∞ Õ¥‘π©“∫ªŸπºπ—ß°àÕ∑÷∫µ≈Õ¥ ¡’™àÕøÑ“

À“ßÀß å ·≈–‡®“–™àÕßÀπâ“µà“ß ¢â“ß≈– 2 ™àÕß

The villagers, who came from Suvannabhumi,

found this area fruitful and built villages here which, at

first, were Ban Nong Phok and Ban Karok only. This

temple was built at Ban Nong Phok which was in between

the two villages.

Wat Pa-Rerai was given a holy area on 4th June 1917,

during the period of the 6th King of Chakri Monarchy.

Structure of the Sim

The Sim of Wat Pa-Rerai was believed to be built

in 1681. and considered one of the very old Sims in North

Eastern area. As a local style Sim, it is a remarkable

religious architecture. The structure is thick and made

from bricks and cement with a gable apex, hang hong

(a sign), and two cavity windows on each wall.


√Ÿª∑’Ë 42 ¥â“πÀπâ“ ‘¡ «—¥ªÉ“‡√‰√Picture 42 The front of Wat Pa-Reraiûs Sim

The entrance of the Sim is to the East with the stairs base

made into Naka shape painted in white. The Sim is one storage

building with triangle roof and its wing-like base, made from zinc

covering the bottom part of the building that was from a new repair

following the original model. The front of the roof has no painting.

∑“ß‡¢â“ÕÕ°Õ¬Ÿà¥â“π∑‘»µ–«—πÕÕ° ∑“ß¢÷Èπ‡ªìπ∫—π‰¥

ªŸπªíôπ‡ªìπ√Ÿªæ≠“π“§∑“ ’¢“« À≈—ß§“∑√ß®—Ë«™—Èπ‡¥’¬« ¡’

ªï°π°‚¥¬√Õ∫ ¡ÿß¥â«¬ —ß°– ’ ’·¥ß ‡°‘¥®“°°“√∫Ÿ√≥–

„À¡à µ“¡√Ÿª·∫∫‡¥‘¡∑’Ë √â“ß‰«â à«πÀπâ“∫—π‰¡à¡’≈«¥≈“¬

„¥Ê

√Ÿª∑’Ë 43 ¥â“πÀπâ“ ‘¡ «—¥ªÉ“‡√‰√Picture 43 The front of Wat Pa-Reraiûs Sim

√Ÿª∑’Ë 44 ¥â“πÀ≈—ß ‘¡ «—¥ªÉ“‡√‰√Picture 44 Behind Wat Pa-Reraiûs Sim


≈—°…≥–√Ÿª·∫∫»‘≈ª°√√¡

Õÿ‚∫ ∂ À√◊Õ‡√’¬°µ“¡¿“…“∂‘ËπÕ’ “π«à“ ‘¡ ≈—°…≥–

‡ªìπ ‘¡∑÷∫¢π“¥‡≈Á°°àÕÕ‘∞∂◊ÕªŸπ ·ºπº—ß√Ÿª ’Ë‡À≈’Ë¬¡º◊πºâ“

¡’ª√–µŸ¥â“π‡¥’¬« À≈—ß§“∑√ß®—Ë«™—Èπ‡¥’¬«¡’ªï°π°§≈ÿ¡‚¥¬√Õ∫

‡§√◊ËÕß∫πª√–¥—∫¥â«¬‚Àßà (¿“§°≈“ß ‡√’¬° ™àÕøÑ“) ·≈–

À“ßÀß å‰¡â Õ“§“√ ‘¡µ—Èß∫π∞“πªí∑¡å ¬° Ÿß 80 ‡´πµ‘‡¡µ√

®“°æ◊Èπ ‡®“–™àÕßÀπâ“µà“ß (ªÉÕß‡Õ’È¬¡) ∑’Ëºπ—ß¥â“π∑‘»‡Àπ◊Õ

·≈–∑‘»„µâ‚¥¬∑”‡ªìπ™àÕß·§∫Ê ‰¡à¡’∫“πÀπâ“µà“ß ∫—π‰¥

°àÕ¥â«¬ªŸπªíôπ√Ÿªπ“§ ‡ªìπ»‘≈ª–Õ’ “π ‡¢’¬π¿“æ®‘µ√°√√¡

Ω“ºπ—ß À√◊ÕŒŸª·µâ¡∑—Èßºπ—ß¥â“ππÕ°·≈–¥â“π„π ‡¢’¬π¥â«¬

’ΩÿÉπ«√√≥– ’‡¬Áπ §◊Õ ’§√“¡ πÈ”‡ß‘π ‡¢’¬« ¢“« ∑’Ëºπ—ß

¥â“π„π ‡¢’¬π‡√◊ËÕßæÿ∑∏ª√–«—µ‘æ√–¡“≈—¬ à«πºπ—ß¥â“ππÕ°

‡¢’¬π ‡√◊ËÕß æ√–≈—°-æ√–≈“¡ (√“¡‡°’¬√µ‘Ï©∫—∫≈“«) ·≈–

‡« —π¥√™“¥° ‚¥¬Ωï¡◊Õ™à“ßæ◊Èπ∂‘ËπÕ’ “π

®ÿ¥‡¥àπ

¿“æ®‘µ√°√√¡Ω“ºπ—ß∑’Ë«—¥ªÉ“‡√‰√ ‡ªìπΩï¡◊Õæ◊Èπ∫â“π

(™“«∫â“π‡√’¬°«à“ŒŸª·µâ¡) ‡ªìπ™à“ß‡¢’¬πΩï¡◊Õ¥’®“°Õ”‡¿Õ

æ¬—§¶¿Ÿ¡‘æ‘ —¬ ™◊ËÕ«à“ ™à“ß ‘ßÀå ‰¥â‡¢’¬π¿“æ¥â«¬ ’ΩÿÉπ „™â ’

‡¬Áπµ“ ‡√‘Ë¡®“°°“√≈ßæ◊Èπ¥â«¬ ’πÈ”µ“≈ ·≈â«®÷ß√à“ß‡¢’¬π

≈“¬‡ âπ·≈–≈ß ’∫π√Ÿª¿“æ à«π„À≠à„™â ’øÑ“·≈– ’§√“¡

√“¬≈–‡Õ’¬¥ŒŸª·µâ¡∑’Ë ‘¡«—¥ªÉ“‡√‰√

∑“ß¥â“ππÕ°‡¢’¬π‡√◊ËÕßæ√–≈—°-æ√–≈“¡ À√◊Õ

√“¡‡°’¬√µ‘Ï ¡À“™“µ‘™“¥° æ√–‡« —π¥√™“¥° à«π¥â“π„π

‡¢’¬π¿“ææ√–æÿ∑∏ª√–«—µ‘ æ√–¡“≈—¬ ·≈–Õ¥’µæ√–æÿ∑∏‡®â“

‡¢’¬π∫√√¬“¬‡√◊ËÕß√“«¢Õß¿“æ µ“¡ª√–‡æ≥’π‘¬¡ °“√‡¢’¬π

¿“æΩ“ºπ—ß„π¿“§Õ’ “π ¥â«¬Õ—°…√‰∑¬πâÕ¬·≈–Õ—°…√

∏√√¡¥â«¬ ’¥” π—∫‡ªìπß“π»‘≈ª–Ωï¡◊Õ™à“ßæ◊Èπ∫â“πÕ’ “πÕ¬à“ß

·∑â®√‘ß ´÷Ëß§«√§à“µàÕ°“√Õπÿ√—°…å‰«â ®“°¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈°√¡»‘≈ª“°√

¬◊π¬—π«à“ ‘¡·≈–¿“æŒŸª·µâ¡ πà“®–¡’Õ“¬ÿ¡“°°«à“√âÕ¬ªï ‘¡

«—¥ªÉ“‡√‰√ ‰¥â√—∫°“√¢÷Èπ∑–‡∫’¬π‚¥¬ª√–°“»„π√“™°‘®®“

πÿ‡∫°…“ ‡≈à¡ 110 µÕπ∑’Ë 217 ‡¡◊ËÕ«—π∑’Ë 22 ∏—π«“§¡ æ.».

2536

Art Patterns

The Ubosot, or Sim as called in the local dialect, is a small thick

building made from bricks and cement. It was built on a rectangle plan

with one entrance, and one storage triangle roof which its base covering

the supporting poles. Itûs decorated with Ngoh (Cho-fah in central Thailand

dialect) and wooden Hang Hong. The building is located on a square base,

80 centimeters lifted from the ground, with cavity windows (Pong-iam) on

the Northern and Southern walls. The windows are small cavities with no

panels. The stairs are made from cement and in Naka shape which is Isan

style art. Mural paintings or Hoop-Tam are on both inside and outside of

the Simûs walls. Powder colors-indigo, blue, green, and white-were used in

painting them. The inside walls were painted, by Isan local artisans, about

Buddhaûs story and Pra Malai, and the outer ones are about Pra Lakha and

Pra Rama (Laotian version Ramayana), and Vessantaraûs tales.

Prominence

The mural paintings at Wat Pa-Rerai were an art work made

by a local artist. He was an excellent painter from Phayakkhaphum Prisai

district, whose name was artisan Singha. He used powder colors to

paint. He used brown for the background before sketching and painting

the pictures. Colors mostly used were blue and indigo.

The Hoop-Tamûs Story at Wat Pa-Rerai

Outside of the Sim is painted about Phra Lak and

Phra Rama or Ramayana, a story of the last great incarnation of

Buddha, and Vessantaraûs tales. The inside is about Buddhaûs

background, Phra Malai, and Buddhaûs past. The picturesû descriptions

are written with black Thai Noi and Dharma alphabets, according

to Isan traditional mural painting. This is a real art work made by a

local artisan, which is very worth being conserved. According to

the information and confirmation from the Arts Fine Department,

the Sim and Hoop-Tam are over 100 years old. Sim at Wat Pa-Rerai

has been registered in a government gazette-no. 110, part 217-on

22nd December 1993.


√Ÿª∑’Ë 45 ¿“æ®‘µ√°√√¡Ω“ºπ—ß¥â“π¢â“ß ‘¡ «—¥ªÉ“‡√‰√Picture 45 The mural painting at Simûs wall of

Wat Pa-Rerai

√Ÿª∑’Ë 46 ¿“æ®‘µ√°√√¡Ω“ºπ—ß¥â“πÀπâ“ ‘¡ «—¥ªÉ“‡√‰√Picture 46 The mural painting at the front of

Wat Pa-Reraiûs Sim

≈—°…≥–°“√„™âß“πªí®®ÿ∫—π

¬—ß§ß„™âß“πÕ¬Ÿà„πªí®®ÿ∫—π ‚¥¬„™â‡ªìπ ∂“π∑’Ëª√–°Õ∫

æ‘∏’°√√¡¢Õß ß¶å „πß“π ”§—≠∑“ßæÿ∑∏»“ π“ ·≈–‡§¬

´àÕ¡·´¡ªØ‘ —ß¢√≥åÀ≈—ß§“ ‡π◊ËÕß®“°«— ¥ÿ‡¥‘¡ºÿæ—ß≈ß ‚¥¬

§ß√—°…“√Ÿª·∫∫À≈—ß§“‡¥‘¡‰«â

√“¬π“¡‡®â“Õ“«“ «—¥ªÉ“‡√‰√ ∑’Ëª√“°Øπ“¡¡’¥—ßπ’È

√Ÿª∑’Ë 1 æ√–§√Ÿ®—π∑√»√’µ≈§ÿ≥ æ.». 2450-2469

√Ÿª∑’Ë 2 æ√–Õ∏‘°“√ÀÕπ æ.». 2470-2485

√Ÿª∑’Ë 3 æ√–Õ∏‘°“√æ«ß æ.». 2486-2490

√Ÿª∑’Ë 4 æ√–æ«ß æ.». 2491-2515

√Ÿª∑’Ë 5 æ√–Õ∏‘°“√§”√‘π∑√å æ.». 2516-2531

√Ÿª∑’Ë 6 æ√–Õ∏‘°“√∂«‘≈ ¿— ‚√ æ.». 2532-2547

√Ÿª∑’Ë 7 æ√–∫—π‡∑‘ß Õ∏‘ªí≠‚≠ æ.». 2548 (ºŸâ¥Ÿ·≈«—¥·∑π)

Current usability of the Sim

Itûs still used as a place for holy ceremonies of the

monks, and Buddhism ceremonies on religious occasions.

The roof was fixed according to its deterioration. The roofûs

structure was never changed.

Name list of Wat Pa-Reraiûs Abbots ever mentioned from the past

1. Phrakru Chandara Sri Talakun, 1907-1926

2. Phra Athikarn Hon, 1927-1942

3. Phra Athikarn Puang, 1942-1947

4. Phra Puang, 1948-1972

5. Phra Athikarn Khamrin, 1973-1988

6. Phra Athikarn Thawin Phassaro, 1989-2004

7. Phra Ban Terng Athipanyo (Acting Abbot), 2005


Õ¬à“ß‰√°Áµ“¡ ‘¡∑—Èß Õß·Ààßπ’È ·¡â«à“¿“æ®‘µ√°√√¡

Ω“ºπ—ß ®–‰¡à¬‘Ëß„À≠àÕ≈—ß°“√ ·µà°Á‡ªìπß“π»‘≈ª–∑’Ë‡µÁ¡

‡ªïò¬¡¥â«¬®‘µ«‘≠≠“≥ ´÷Ëß √â“ß¢÷Èπ¥â«¬»√—∑∏“Õ—π·√ß°≈â“

∑’Ë¡’µàÕÕß§åæ√–µ∂“§µ ‡æ◊ËÕ√—∫„™âæ√–æÿ∑∏»“ π“ °“√

◊∫∑Õ¥¡√¥°∑“ß«—≤π∏√√¡™‘Èππ’È ®÷ß‡ªìπÀπâ“∑’Ë¢ÕßÕπÿ™π

§π√ÿàπÀ≈—ß∑’Ë®–µâÕß™à«¬°—πÕπÿ√—°…å ◊∫‰ª

Even though the mural paintings at both Sims

are not very superior, they are still art works full of art

inspiration which were made with strong faith in the

Buddha in order to worship Buddhism. Thus, to inherit

these cultural heritages is a very important duty for next

generations in helping conserving them.

hooptam 3

Documents

Transcript of hooptam 3