Hochdynamische Schwungmassenspeicher für Industrie- und ...€¦ · Flywheel Storage Systems and...
Transcript of Hochdynamische Schwungmassenspeicher für Industrie- und ...€¦ · Flywheel Storage Systems and...
Hochdynamische Schwungmassenspeicher
für Industrie- und NetzanwendungenDr. Wolfgang Walter | ZIEHL V
Babcock Noell GmbH
15.03.2016
Outline
▪ Introduction: Babcock Noell GmbH
▪ Flywheel Storage Systems and Applications
▪ Advantages of HTS (High-Temperature Superconductors)
▪ The ENERSPHERE project
▪ Goals
▪ Development Status
▪ Summary
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Babcock Noell
Site and Location
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Office
2. Workshop: 1.000m²
1. Workshop: 2.100m²
Babcock Noell GmbH
Magnet Technology at Babcock Noell
Experienced to Apply Superconductivity
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• Physicists, Engineers and
Technicians work hand-in-
hand
• More than 30 years magnet
technology and
superconductivity experience
• Cooperation with research
institutions and industry
Background
Advance Superconductivity from the Research World to Industry
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BNG is well known as a manufacturer of superconducting magnets for science
Extend this know-how to applications beyond science
Develop superconducting flywheel for multiple applications
Wendelstein 7-X - First Hydrogen Plasma
February 3rd, 2016
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courtesy of IPPCourtesy of IPP: Picture: IPP, Norbert Fellechner
1G
Roller bearings
Steel rotor
1.5 G
Active bearings
Steel rotor
2 G
Active bearings
Composite rotor
3G
Passive SC bearing
Composite rotor
Flywheel Generations
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Source Enercon GmbH
Source Calnetix
Source Powerthru
high storage
density (kW/kg)
long lifetime
(>20 years)
large number of
cycles
Flywheel the „Power Storage“
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Flywheel
• Input and output of energy in short
time ´power storage`
• Short term storage (hours)
• Low energy (kWh), high power (kVA)
Energy storage systems by energy density and power density
Source: TU Braunschweig, Prof. Canders
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ApplicationsStorage of Energy a Growth Market
Technological solutions are required for increasing problems
• Rapidly transforming energy markets
New challenges for stable grid operation
• Decentralized generation from renewable sources
Imbalances of generation and demand of electric power
• Unstable network levels: hazard to electrical equipment and grid infrastructure
Risk of large scale black-outs
Source: Bilfinger Construction GmbH
Measures
Global approach:
• DC-Transmission
• Power highways
• Large scale electricity storage
Local approach on low- to medium voltage
distribution level:
• Smooth feed-in of fluctuating renewable
sources
• Regulate voltage levels at local nodes
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ApplicationsPower Quality Market
Parameters
• Performance: 500 kW per unit
• Capacity: 5-10 kWh
• Smoothing/buffering of renewable energy feed-in (PV and Wind)
• Grid stabilization and support at local nodes
• Power management in industry and public transport
• Peak shaving in industrial processes
• High cycle application
Applications and benefits
• Renewable energy producers: Meet feed-in requirements of utilities
• Grid operators: Installation of Flywheels avoid costly line upgrades
• Industry/transport: Reduce peak power consumption, enhance power quality
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ApplicationsUPS (Uninterruptible Power Supply)
Source: Bilfinger HSG
Parameters
• Performance: 250 kW per unit
• Capacity: < 5 kWh
• Maintain mains voltage for more than 20 sec. (until diesel generator starts)
• Improvement of power quality
• Low cycle application
Benefits
• No air conditioning and safety infrastructure
• Long life-time
• Low maintenance and operating costs
• Modularity and compactness
Benefits of High-Temperature Superconductors
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Source: TU Braunschweig, Prof. Canders
Simplest example for demonstration of magnetic levitation state
Levitation of a permanent magnet (PM) over a high temperature
superconductor (HTSC)
Characteristics of HTS:
▪ Reaction to changing external field by shielding current
▪ Feature of keeping an existing field constant frozen field
→Stable levitation!
HTS - Bearings Active Magnetic Bearings
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Safety advantages of SC-bearings compared to active magnetic
bearings:
• A stable equilibrium without active feedback control
• Active bearings may crash due to sensor or controller failure
thus safety bearings indispensable
▪ SC-bearings have a high heat capacity
even in case of cooling failure enough time to shut down
▪ Overcritical operating range due to soft bearing characteristics
Superconducting is BetterAdvantages for Flyhweels
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Advantages of superconducting bearings in a flywheel:
• Frictionless bearing
• Self centering
• Passive control (compared to electromagnetic solutions)
• Vacuum compatible
Solution requires:
• Cooling at LN2 temperature sufficient
• HTS material
• High system integration
~= Bidirectional
inverter
Cryocooler
Vacuum pumpBearing unit
Motor-generator
Composite rotor
(‚Flywheel‘)
Vacuum vesselRotor hub
HTS bearing stator
(High Temperature Superconductor)Bearing excitation system
(Permanent magnets)
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ENERSPHERE
Energiespeicher hoher Energiedichte
für regenerative Energieerzeuger
(energy storage with high energy density
for renewable energy generation)
public funding project (BMWi) for Power Quality flywheels
project start: April 2014, duration 3 years
collaboration with:
Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt, DLR,
(German Aerospace Center)
Technical University Braunschweig,
Institute for Electrical Machines, Traction and Drives (IMAB)
ENERSPHERE – Motivation
Change to renewable energy on energy market
Quick-reacting short-term storage systems required:
▪ For deviation from forecast
▪ For buffering of short-term variations in renewable energy feed-in
(e.g. solar plant + clouds passing)
▪ System services – grid stabilization
Demands on storage system:
▪ High cycle efficiency (<90%)
▪ Low stand-by losses
▪ Competitive price
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Flywheel Development at Babcock Noell
2011 2013 201420122010
Bearing prototype
HTS material tests
Technology demonstrator
ENERSPHERE
2015 2016 2017
Sketch of the ENERSPHERE system
Project structure
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rotating mass
bearing rotor
vacuum vessel
motor rotor
bearing stator
motor stator
stator shaft
motor-generator
fiber composite rotor
HTS bearing + project leader
IMAB
DLR
BNG
ENERSPHERE – Project Structure
ENERSPHERE – Design Parameters
500 kW per unit
Usable capacity 5 kWh
Highly-cyclic system (~ 200 cycles a day)
Rotating mass ~300 kg
Maximal rotation frequency 15,000 rpm
▪ Two radial HTS- bearings (external rotor)
▪ One permanently excited synchronous machine
▪ Complex highly-integrated fiber composite rotor
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rotating mass
bearing rotor
vacuum vessel
motor rotor
motor stator
stator shaft
bearing stator
ENERSPHERE – Material Tests
Qualification of HTS material from different suppliers
Setup:
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ENERSPHERE – Material Tests
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Stiffness measured in planar setup is converted to a cylindrical bearingThree material probes (material 1a unmachined, 1b shaped)
Radial Stiffness Axial Stiffness
ENERSPHERE – Bearing Test Setup
Complex test setup
Full size full speed bearing test of ENERSPHERE
Full electrical operation
Three linear motors, one rotation motor
and one lifting motor
Serves as
▪ Cold test of bearing
▪ Independent translation in three directions
and force measurements Bearing stiffness
▪ Rotation up to maximal rotational frequency
Losses, temperature rise
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Determination of outgassing rates
of fiber composite materials:
ENERSPHERE – Further Test Setups
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Outgassing rate per probe surface after one hour:
GFK: 2.2 E-10 mbar*l/(s*cm²)
CFK: 1.9 E-10 mbar*l/(s*cm²)
Surface GFK probe ~100 cm²
Surface CFK probe ~50 cm²
Pressure increase measurement in closed vacuum chamber
Outgassing rate:
ENERSPHERE – Status
▪ All technologies validated separately
▪ Additional tests of full bearing in preparation
▪ All geometries, materials are defined and qualified
▪ Final design review Q2/2016
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Summary
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▪ Technology demonstrator realized and tested
▪ All relevant technologies qualified individually:
▪ Qualification of YBCO materials
▪ Measurements of bearing characteristics
▪ Measurements of outgassing rates
▪ Cryogenic measurements
▪ …
▪ Flywheel systems designed
▪ Commissioning of flywheel systems for UPS and Power Quality in 2016
Contact
Babcock Noell GmbH
Alfred-Nobel-Str. 20
97080 Würzburg
Germany
Phone +49 931 903-0
Fax +49 931 903-6000
www.bng.bilfinger.com
Registered at Local Court Würzburg, HRB 7156
VAT-Id. No.: DE211420259
Executive Management:
Helmut Welp, Chairman
Dr. Ronald Hepper
Roland Pechtl
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