hGd, d[To ' tyf cGo JolQmut 36gf -btf { ug ]{ P ]g ... · -@_ of] P ]g jf o; P ]g cGtu {t ag ]sf ]...
Transcript of hGd, d[To ' tyf cGo JolQmut 36gf -btf { ug ]{ P ]g ... · -@_ of] P ]g jf o; P ]g cGtu {t ag ]sf ]...
hGd, d[To' tyf cGo JolQmut 36gf -btf{ ug]{_ P]g, @)##, hGd, d[To' tyf cGo JolQmut 36gf -btf{ ug]{_ lgodfjnL, @)#$,
JolQmut 36gf btf{ -kl~hs/0f_ ;DaGwL a8fkq /
:yfgLo kl~hsflwsf/LnfO{ JolQmut 36gf btf{ ;DaGwdf ePsf lgb]{zg tyf kl/kqx?sf] ;+u|x
@)&)
g]kfn ;/sf/
;ª\3Lo dfldnf tyf :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfno hg;+Vof tyf kl~hs/0f Joj:yfkg zfvf
l;+xb/jf/, sf7df8f}+ . kmf]g g+= ±(&&–!–$@))@(@
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ljifo;"rL
qm=;+= ljifo k]h g+=
!= hGd, d[To' tyf cGo JolQmut 36gf -btf{ ug]{_ P]g, @)##
!
@= hGd, d[To' tyf cGo JolQmut 36gf -btf{ ug]{_ lgodfjnL, @)#$
&
#= hGd, d[To' tyf cGo JolQmut 36gf -btf{ ug]{_ lgodfjnL @)#$ ;Fu ;DalGwt cg';"rLx?
!!
$= JolQmut 36gf btf{ ;DaGwdf ePsf lgb]{zg tyf kl/kqx?
#@
%= lgb]{zg tyf kl/kqx? ;+u ;DjlGwt cg';"lrx? ^#
^= JolQmut 36gf btf{ -kl~hs/0f_ ;DaGwL a8fkq ^&
1
hGd, d[To' tyf cGo JolQmut 36gf -btf{ ug]{_ P]g, @)##
nfndf]x/ / k|sfzg ldlt @)##.&.$ ;+zf]wg ug]{ P]g hGd, d[To' tyf cGo JolQmut 36gf btf{ ug]{ -klxnf] ;+zf]wg_ P]g, @)#& @)#&.%.@^
hGd, d[To' tyf cGo JolQmut 36gf btf{ ug]{ -bf];|f] ;+zf]wg_ P]g, @)$* @)$*.&.!$
Gofo k|zf;g P]g, @)$* @)$*.@.!^
n}lËs ;dfgtf sfod ug{ s]xL g]kfn P]g ;+zf]wg ug]{ P]g, @)^# @)^#.&.!&
k|:tfjgf M ♦g]kfndf a;f]af; ug]{ JolQmx?sf] hGd, d[To', ljjfx, ;DaGw ljR5]b tyf a;fO{ ;/fO{ h:tf 36gf btf{ u/L k|df0f–kq ljt/0f ug]{ ;DaGwdf sfg"gL Joj:yf ug{ jf~5gLo ePsf]n],
>L % dxf/fhflw/fh jL/]Gb| jL/ ljqmd zfxb]jaf6 /fli6«o k~rfotsf] ;Nnfx / ;Ddltn] of] P]g agfO{aS;]sf]5 .
!= ;+lIfKt gfd, lj:tf/ / k|f/De M -!_ o; P]gsf] gfd æhGd, d[To' tyf cGo JolQmut 36gf -btf{ ug]{_ P]g, @)##Æ
/x]sf] 5 . -@_ of] P]gsf] lj:tf/ g]kfne/ x'g]5 . -#_ bkmf ! t'?Gt k|f/De x'g]5 / c? bkmfx? g]kfn ;/sf/n] g]kfn /fhkqdf
;"rgf k|sflzt u/L tf]s]sf] ldltb]lv tf]s]sf] If]qdf k|f/De x'g]5 .
@= kl/efiff M ljifo jf k|;Ën] csf]{ cy{ gnfu]df o; P]gdf, – -s_ æJolQmut 36gfÆ eGgfn] s'g} JolQmsf] hGd, d[To', ljjfx, ;DaGw ljR5]b
tyf a;fO{ ;/fO{ ;Demg' k5{ . -v_ æa;fO{ ;/fO{Æ eGgfn] ^ dlxgfeGbf a9L cjlwsf] nflu g]kfnleq Ps ufpF
ljsf; ;ldlt jf gu/kflnsf If]qaf6 csf]{ ufpF ljsf; ;ldlt jf gu/kflnsf If]qdf jf ljb]zdf a;fO{ ;/L hfg] jf ljb]zaf6 a;fO{ ;/L cfpg] sfo{nfO{ ;Demg'k5{ .
♦ klxnf] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .
klxnf] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .
2
-u_ ækl~hsflwsf/LÆ eGgfn] bkmf # adf]lhd lgo'Qm ePsf] jf tf]lsPsf] kl~hsflwsf/L -/lhi6«f/_ jf :yfgLo kl~hsflwsf/L ;Demg'k5{ .
-3_ ækl/jf/sf] d'Vo JolQmÆ eGgfn] kl/jf/sf] rfFhf]kfFhf] ldnfpg] jl/i7 JolQm jf kl/jf/sf] kfng–kf]if0f ug]{ JolQm ;Demg'k5{ .
-ª_ ætf]lsPsf]Æ jf ætf]lsP adf]lhdÆ eGgfn] o; P]g cGtu{t ag]sf] lgoddf tf]lsPsf] jf tf]lsP adf]lhd ;Demg'k5{ .
#= kl~hsflwsf/L tyf :yfgLo kl~hsflwsf/LM o; P]gsf] k|of]hgsf] nflu g]kfn ;/sf/n] g]kfn /fhkqdf ;"rgf k|sflzt u/L Pshgf kl~hsflwsf/L -/lhi6«f/_ / lghsf] dftxtdf /xg] u/L g]kfnsf] k|To]s ufpF ljsf; ;ldlt jf gu/kflnsf If]qsf] nflu :yfgLo kl~hsflwsf/L -/lhi6«f/_ x? lgo'Qm ug{ jf tf]Sg ;Sg]5 .
$= JolQmut 36gfsf] ;"rgfM -!_ b]xfosf] cj:yfdf b]xfosf JolQmn] JolQmut 36gf btf{ u/fpgsf] nflu
To:tf] 36gf 36]sf] k}+tL; lbgleq tf]lsP adf]lhdsf] kmf/fd e/L :yfgLo kl~hsflwsf/Lsf] sfof{nodf ;"rgf ug'{ kg]{5 M– -s_ hGd tyf d[To'sf] ;"rgf kl/jf/sf] d'Vo JolQmn] / lghsf]
cg'kl:yltdf kl/jf/sf] pd]/ k'u]sf] ===============JolQmn], -v_ ljjfxsf] ;"rgf klt kTgL b'j}n], -u_ ;DaGw ljR5]bsf] ;"rgf klt jf kTgLn], -3_ a;fO{ ;/fO{sf] ;"rgf a;fO{ ;g]{ kl/jf/ eP kl/jf/sf] d'Vo JolQmn] /
kl/jf/ geP a;fO{ ;/fO{ ug]{ JolQmn] . -@_ JolQmut 36gf g]kfnaflx/ 36]sf] eP pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd ;f] 36gfsf]
;"rgf lbg'kg]{ st{Jo ePsf] JolQm g]kfndf cfPkl5 lghn] ;f7L lbgleq ;"rgf lbg' kg]{5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd JolQmut 36gfsf] ;"rgf lbg'kg]{ st{Jo ePsf] JolQmn] To:tf] ;"rgf btf{ u/fpgsf] nflu s'g} JolQmnfO{ clws[t ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-$_ pkbkmf -!_ sf] v08 -s_ adf]lhd hGd tyf d[To'sf] ;"rgf lbg'kg]{ st{Jo ePsf] JolQm gePsf] cj:yfdf g]kfn ;/sf/n] g]kfn /fhkqdf ;"rgf k|sflzt u/L tf]s]sf] JolQmn] To:tf] ;"rgf lbg' kg]{5 .
%= JolQmut 36gf btf{ ug]{M -!_ bkmf $ adf]lhdsf] ;"rgf k|fKt x'gf;fy :yfgLo kl~hsflwsf/Ln]
b]xfoadf]lhd u/L To:tf] 36gf ;DalGwt btf{ lstfadf btf{ ug]{5 M– -s_ ;"rgf lbg cfpg] JolQmn] e/]sf] kmf/fd 7Ls 5 5}g hfFrL 7Ls geP
7Ls ug{ nufO{, / -v_ ;"rgf ug{ cfpg] JolQm n]vk9 ug{ ghfGg] eP lghn] eg] adf]lhd
cfkm}n] kmf/fd e/L jf eg{ nufO{ lghsf] NofKr] ;lx5fk u/fO{ . -@_ ;DaGw ljR5]bsf] ;"rgf btf{ ubf{ ;f] ;DaGwdf cbfntaf6 ePsf] lg0f{o
;d]t x]/L btf{ ug'{ kg]{5 .
bf];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt . n}lËs ;dfgtf sfod ug{ s]xL g]kfn P]g ;+zf]lwt ug]{ P]g, @)^# åf/f lemlsPsf] . bf];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .
3
-#_ bkmf $ sf] pkbkmf -!_ jf -@_ df tf]lsPsf] Dofb gf3]sf] k}+tL; lbgleq JolQmut 36gfsf] btf{ u/fpg cfPdf :yfgLo kl~hsflwsf/Ln] cf7 ?k}+of b:t'/ lnO{ btf{ ug]{5 .
-$_ sfa"aflx/sf] kl/l:yltdf afx]s pkbkmf -#_ df tf]lsPsf] Dofbleq klg JolQmut 36gf btf{ gu/fpg]nfO{ :yfgLo kl~hsflwsf/Ln] a9Ldf krf; ?k}+of;Dd hl/jfgf u/L btf{ ul/lbg]5 .
^= k|df0f–kq lbg] M bkmf % adf]lhd JolQmut 36gfsf] ;"rgf btf{ ugf{;fy :yfgLo kl~hsflwsf/Ln] bkmf $ sf] pkbkmf -!_ df tf]lsPsf JolQmnfO{ lgMz'Ns btf{sf] k|df0f–kq lbg]5 .
&= btf{sf] k|df0f–kqsf] gSsn lbg ;lsg] M -!_ bkmf ^ adf]lhd k|bfg ul/Psf] btf{sf] k|df0f–kq x/fPdf jf s'g} k|sf/n] gi6
ePdf ;/f]sf/jfnf JolQmn] ;DalGwt :yfgLo kl~hsflwsf/Lsf] sfof{nodf lgj]bg lbg' kg]{5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd k/]sf] lgj]bgsf] Joxf]/f dgfl;j b]v]df ;DalGwt :yfgLo kl~hsflwsf/Ln] tf]lsPsf] b:t'/ lnO{ btf{sf] k|df0f–kqsf] gSsn lbg]5 .
*= kl/jf/sf] nut tof/ ug{ sd{rf/L v6fpg ;lsg] M -!_ JolQmut 36gf btf{ ug]{ k|of]hgsf] nlfu kl/jf/sf] nfut tof/ kfg{
cfjZos b]lvPdf g]kfn ;/sf/n] ;f] sfdsf] nflu sd{rf/L v6fpg ;Sg]5 . -@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd vl6Psf] sd{rf/Ln] dfu]sf] ljj/0f jf ;f]lwPsf]
k|ZgfjnLsf] hjfkm lbg' ;DalGwt JolQmsf] st{Jo x'g]5 .
(= btf{sf] dfGotf M bkmf ^ adf]lhd k|bfg ul/Psf] btf{sf] k|df0f–kq JolQmut 36gf ePsf]5 eGg] s'/fsf] k|df0f x'g]5 / To:tf] k|df0f s'g} klg sfof{no / cbfntdf k]z ug{ tyf j}olQms sf/f]af/df k|of]u ug{ ;lsg]5 .
t/ s'g} JolQmn] ´'§f ljj/0f bflvn u/L btf{sf] k|df0f–kq lnPsf] /x]5 eGg] s'/f] k|dfl0ft x'g cfPdf, To:tf] btf{sf] k|df0f–kq /2 x'g]5 .
(s= btf{ ePsf] pd]/, gfd / hft lgMz'Ns ;Rofpg ;Sg] M -!_ of] P]g nfu" ePkl5 hGd]sf] aRrfsf] pd]/, gfd jf hft o; P]g adf]lhd
Ps k6s btf{ eO{ btf{sf] k|df0f–kq k|bfg ul/Pkl5 ;Rofpg k/]df To:sf] nflu ;DalGwt JolQmn] To;/L btf{sf] k|df0f–kq k|bfg ul/Psf] ldltn] ^ dlxgfleq :yfgLo kl~hsflwsf/Lsf] sfof{nodf tf]lsPsf] 9fFrfdf b/vf:t lbg ;Sg]5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd lbPsf] b/vf:t k|fKt x'g cfPkl5 :yfgLo kl~hsflwsf/Ln] ;f] ;DaGwdf 5fgljg u/L btf{ lstfadf / btf{sf] k|df0f–kqdf /x]sf] pd]/, gfd jf hft lgMz'Ns ;RofO{ lbg ;Sg]5 .
klxnf] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt . klxnf] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt . klxnf] ;+zf]wgåf/f yk .
4
-#_ o; P]g adf]lhdsf] btf{ lstfadf / k|bfg ul/Psf] btf{sf] k|df0f–kqdf /x]sf] s'g} JolQmsf] pd]/, gfd jf hft o; bkmf adf]lhd afx]s k|rlnt cGo s'g} klg sfg"g adf]lhd ;Rofpg ;lsg] 5}g .
!)= JolQmut 36gf btf{ lstfa lg/LIf0f ug{ ;lsg] M s'g} JolQmn] ===========:yfgLo kl~hsflwsf/Lsf] sfof{nodf /x]sf] JolQmut 36gf btf{ lstfa lg/LIf0f ug{ rfx]df tf]lsPsf] b:t'/ lnO{ ;DalGwt kl~hsflwsf/Ln] btf{ lstfa lg/LIf0f ug{ lbg ;Sg]5 .
!!= clen]v /fVg' kg]{ M ;a} :yfgLo kl~hsflwsf/Ln] dlxg}lkR5] btf{ ePsf] JolQmut 36gfsf] ljj/0f kl~hsflwsf/L sxfF oyfzL3| k7fpg' kg]{5 / kl~hsflwsf/Ln] klg To;/L k|fKt x'g cfPsf] ljj/0f ;+sng Pj+ ljZn]if0f u/L JolQmut 36gf btf{sf] clen]v cWofjlws u/L jflif{s gtLhf ;d]t k|sflzt ug'{ kg]{5 .
!@= ufpF ljsf; ;ldlt jf gu/kflnsfsf] st{Jo M -!_ of] P]g adf]lhd btf{ u/fpg' kg]{ JolQmut 36gf ePsf] yfxf kfPdf ;DalGwt
ufpF ljsf; ;ldlt jf gu/kflnsfn] ;DalGwt JolQmnfO{ ;DemfO{ a'emfO{ To:tf] 36gfsf] ;"rgf btf{ ug]{ ;DaGwdf cfjZos ;xof]u ug'{ kg]{5 .
-@_ of] P]g jf o; P]g cGtu{t ag]sf] lgod adf]lhd ug'{kg]{ sfdsf] l;nl;nfdf vl6Psf sd{rf/L jf :yfgLo kl~hsflwsf/LnfO{ cfjZos ;xof]u ug{ ufpF ljsf; ;ldlt jf gu/kflnsfsf] st{Jo x'g]5 .
!#= b08 ;hfo M -!_ bkmf * sf] pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd dfluPsf] ljj/0f jf ;f]lwPsf] k|ZgfjnLsf]
hjfkm glbg]nfO{ a9Ldf krf; ?k}+of;Dd hl/jfgf x'g]]5 . -@_ s;}n] c?nfO{ b'Mv lbg] jf JolQmut nfe ug]{ lgotn] em'¶f] JolQmut
36gfsf] ;"rgf lbPsf] k|dfl0ft ePdf To:tf] e'm¶f] ;"rgf lbg] JolQmnfO{ a9Ldf Ps;o ?k}+of;Dd hl/jfgf jf Ps dlxgf;Dd s}b jf b'j} x'g]5 / To:tf] 36gf btf{ eO;s]sf] /x]5 eg] ;f] btf{ /2 x'g]5 .
-#_ s;}n] cfˆgf] lhDdfdf /x]sf] JolQmut 36gf ;DaGwL ;"rgf kmf/fd jf btf{ lstfa jf kl/jf/ nut hfgL–hfgL gi6 u/]df jf JolQmut nfe jf cglws[t sfdsf] nflu k|of]u u/]df lghnfO{ tLg dlxgf;Dd s}b jf tLg;o ?k}ofFb]lv 5 ;o ?k}ofF;Dd hl/jfgf jf b'j} ;hfo ug{ ;lsg]5 .
-$_ s;}n] JolQmut 36gf btf{ u/fpg cfpg] JolQmnfO{ btf{ u/fpg /f]s]sf] jf 5]sy'g u/]sf] jf e8\sfPsf] 7x/]df lghnfO{ a9Ldf b'O{;o ?k}ofF;Dd hl/jfgf x'g]5 .
!$= g]kfn ;/sf/afbL x'g] M bkmf !# cGtu{t ;hfo x'g] d'2f g]kfn ;/sf/afbL x'g]5 .
bf];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f lemlsPsf] . bf];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .
klxnf] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt . klxnf] ;+zf]wgåf/f yk .
5
!%= d'2f x]g]{ clwsf/L / sfo{ljlw M -!_ bkmf !# cGtu{t ;hfo x'g] d'2fsf] sf/jfO{ / lsgf/f ug]{ clwsf/ k|d'v
lhNnf clwsf/LnfO{ x'g]5 . -@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd d'2fsf] sf/jfO{ ubf{ k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/Ln] ljz]if
cbfnt P]g, @)#! adf]lhdsf] sfo{ljlw ckgfpg]5 . -#_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/Ln] u/]sf] lg0f{o pk/ k'g/fj]bg
cbfntdf k'g/fj]bg nfUg]5 .
!^= afwf c8\sfp km'sfpg] clwsf/ M of] P]gdf n]lvPsf] s'g} s'/f sfof{lGjt ug{ afwf c8\sfp k/]df g]kfn ;/sf/n] To:tf] afwf c8\sfp km'sfpg g]kfn /fhkqdf ;"rgf k|sflzt u/L cfjZos cfb]z hf/L ug{ ;Sg]5 .
!&= lgod agfpg] clwsf/ M -!_ of] P]gsf] p2]Zo sfof{lGjt ug{sf] nflu g]kfn ;/sf/n] lgodx? agfpg
;Sg]5 . -@_ pkbkmf -!_ n] lbPsf] clwsf/sf] ;j{;fdfGotfdf k|lts'n k|efj gkg]{ u/L
vf;u/L b]xfosf ljifox?df lgodx? agfpg ;lsg]5 M– -s_ o; P]g adf]ldh eg'{kg]{ JolQmut 36gfsf] ;"rgf kmf/fd tyf
:yfgLo kl~hsflwsf/Lsf] sfof{nodf /xg] btf{ lstfa ;DaGwdf, -v_ JolQmut 36gfsf] btf{sf] k|df0f–kq ;DaGwdf, -u_ JolQmut 36gfsf] btf{sf] k|df0f–kqsf] gSsn tyf btf{ lstfasf]
lg/LIf0f b:t'/ ;DaGwdf, -3_ kl/jf/sf] nut tof/ ug{ cfjZos ljj/0f jf k|ZgfjnLsf] 9fFrf
tf]Sg] ;DaGwdf, -ª_ ljj/0f ;Rofpg] ;DaGwdf, -r_ aRrfsf] gfd btf{ ug]{ / btf{ eO{;s]sf] gfd km]g]{ ;DaGwdf .
?kfGt/ M s]xL g]kfn sfg"g ;+zf]wg ug]{ P]g, @)^# n] ">L % sf] ;/sf/" eGg] zAbsf] ;§f æg]kfn ;/sf/Æ eGg] zAb /fvL ?kfGt/ u/]sf] .
b|i6Jo M hGd, d[To' tyf cGo JolQmut 36gf -btf{ ug]{_ -bf];|f] ;+zf]wg_ P]g, @)$* åf/f ?kfGt/ ePsf zAbx? M
æufpF k+rfot jf gu/ k+rfotÆ æufpF jf gu/ k+rfotÆ jf æ:yfgLo k+rfotÆ eGg] zAbx?sf] ;§f æufpF ljsf; ;ldlt jf gu/kflnsfÆ .
u0ftGq ;'b[9Ls/0f tyf s]xL g]kfn sfg"g ;+zf]wg ug{] P]g, @)^^ åf/f 7fpF 7fpFdf /x]sf] æclw/fHoÆ eGg] zAb lemlsPsf] .
Gofo k|zf;g P]g, @)$* åf/f ;+zf]lwt . bf];|f] ;+zf]wgåf/f ;+zf]lwt .
6
hGd, d[To' tyf cGo JolQmut 36gf -btf{ ug]{_ P]g, @)##
k|f/De ePsf lhNnf / ldlt
l;=g+= lhNnfsf] gfd P]g k|f/De ePsf] ldlt k|sfzg ldlt
!= emfkf, /f}tx6, df]/Ë, sf7df8f}+, ;Kt/L, slknj:t', dxf]Q/L, afFs], ;nf{xL / s~rgk'g/ -!)_
@)#$.!.! @)##.!@.@(
@= af/f, k;f{, wg'iff / ;'g;/L -$_ @)#%.!).! @)#%.*.@^ #= l;/fxf -!_ @)#%.!!.! @)#%.*.@^
$= ?kGb]xL / gjnk/f;L -@_ @)#%.!@.! @)#%.*.@^
%= lrtjg, dsjfgk'/, alb{of / s}nfnL -$_ @)#^.!.! @)#%.*.@^
^= sfe|]knf~rf]s, sf:sL / kfNkf -#_ @)#^.!.! @)#^.!!.!
&= nlntk'/, eQmk'/ / ;'v]{t -#_ @)#^.!!.! @)#^.!!.!
*= bfË -!_ @)#^.!@.! @)#^.!!.!
(= tgx'F, g'jfsf]6 / wflbË -#_ @)#&.(.! @)#&.&.@%
!)= Onfd / wgs'6f -@_ @)#&.!).! @)#&.&.@%
!!= h'Dnf -!_ @)#&.!@.! @)#&.&.@%
!@= uf]/vf -!_ @)#*.*.! @)#*.*.!
!#= l;Gw'nL / pbok'/ -@_ @)#*.(.! @)#*.*.!
!$= :ofËhf -!_ @)#*.!).! @)#*.*.!
!%= l;Gw'kfNrf]s -!_ @)#*.!!.! @)#*.*.!
!^= /;'jf -!_ @)#*.!@.! @)#*.*.!
!&= kfFry/, tfKn]h'Ë, t]x|y'd, ef]hk'/, ;+v'jf;ef,;f]n'v'Da', cf]vn9'+uf, vf]6fË, /fd]5fk, bf]nvf, ndh'Ë, dgfË, DofUbL, afUn'Ë, kj{t, d':tfË, c3f{vfFrL, u'NdL, Ko"7fg, ;Nofg, /f]Nkf, ?s'd, 8f]Nkf, d'u', x'Dnf, sflnsf]6, hfh/sf]6, b}n]v, c5fd, 8f]6L, afh'/f, aemfË, bfr'{nf, a}t8L / 88]Nw'/f -#%_
@)$&.!.! @)$^.!@.^
7
hGd, d[To' tyf cGo JolQmut 36gf -btf{ ug]{_ lgodfjnL, @)#$
g]kfn /fhkqdf k|sflzt ldlt @)#$.$.!)
;+zf]wg ug]{ lgod hGd, d[To' tyf cGo JolQmut 36gf -btf{ ug]{_ -klxnf] ;+zf]wg_ lgodfjnL, @)^$ @)^%.@.!#
hGd, d[To' tyf cGo JolQmut 36gf -btf{ ug]{_ P]g, @)## sf] bkmf !& n] lbPsf] clwsf/ k|of]u u/L g]kfn ;/sf/n] b]xfosf] lgodx? agfPsf] 5 .
!= ;+lIfKt gfd / k|f/De M -!_ oL lgodx?sf] gfd æhGd, d[To' tyf cGo JolQmut 36gf -btf{ ug]{_
lgodfjnL, @)#$Æ /x]sf] 5 . -@_ of] lgodfjnL t'?Gt k|f/De x'g]5 .
@= kl/efiff M ljifo jf k|;Ën] csf]{ cy{ gnfu]df o; lgodfjnLdf,– -s_ æP]gÆ eGgfn] hGd, d[To' tyf cGo JolQmut 36gf -btf{ ug]{_ P]g, @)##
;Demg'k5{ . -v_ æ;"rgfÆ eGgfn] P]g adf]lhd JolQmut 36gfsf] ;"rgf lbg] st{Jo ePsf]
JolQm ;Demg'k5{ .
#= kl~hsflwsf/L -/lhi6«f/_ sf] sfd / st{Jo M o; lgodfjnLdf cGoq pNn]v ePsf] sfd / st{Josf] cltl/Qm kl~hsflwsf/Lsf] sfd / st{Jo b]xfo adf]lhd x'g]5 M– -s_ :yfgLo kl~hsflwsf/Lx?nfO{ JolQmut 36gf btf{ ug]{ ;DaGwdf lgb]{zg
lbg], -v_ :yfgLo kl~hsflwsf/Lx?n] oyf;dodf JolQmut 36gf btf{ gu/L jf
btf{sf] k|df0f–kq glbO{ ;"rsnfO{ cgfjZos tj/n] e'mNofO{ /fv]sf] 5 egL lghx? pk/ kg{ cfPsf] ph"/Ldf cfjZos sf/jfxL ug]{,
-u_ btf{ eO{;s]sf] JolQmut 36gfsf] ljj/0f ;Rofpg] / btf{ eO{;s]sf] gfd km]g{] ;DaGwdf :yfgLo kl~hsflwsf/LnfO{ cg'dlt lbg],
-3_ :yfgLo kl~hsflwsf/Lsf] sfof{non] k7fO{g] JolQmut 36gf btf{sf] dfl;s ljj/0f ;DaGwL kmf/fdsf] 9fFrf tf]lslbg],
-ª_ JolQmut 36gfsf] btf{sf] tYofÍ ;DaGwdf g]kfn ;/sf/nfO{ cfjZos ;'emfj lbg],
-r_ JolQmut 36gfsf] btf{sf] ;DaGwdf jflif{s k|ltj]bg tof/ kf/L g]kfn ;/sf/df k]z ug]{,
-5_ JolQmut 36gf btf{ ug]{ ;DaGwdf P]g / lgodsf] p2]Zo sfof{Gjog ug{ cfjZos sfd sf/jfO{ ug]{ .
8
$= kl/jf/sf] nut M -!_ JolQmut 36gf btf{ ug]{ k|of]hgsf] nflu kl/jf/sf] nut tof/ kfg{ g]kfn
;/sf/n] cfjZos sd{rf/L v6fO{ cg';"rL–! adf]lhdsf] 9fFrfdf kl/jf/sf] nut tof/ ug{ nufpg ;Sg]5 .
-@_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhd tof/ ul/Psf] kl/jf/sf] nut kl~hsflwsf/Lsf] sfof{nodf /flvg]5 / lgod !# adf]lhd :yfgLo kl~hsflwsf/Ln] k7fPsf] JolQmut 36gf btf{sf] dfl;s ljj/0f cg';f/ ;DalGwt kl/jf/sf] nutdf cfjZos cg';f/ yk36 ul/g]5 .
%= JolQmut 36gfsf] ;"rgf lbg] M -!_ ;"rsn] b]xfosf] JolQmut 36gfsf] ;"rgf P]gdf tf]lsPsf] Dofbleq b]xfosf]
cg';"rL adf]lhdsf] kmf/fd e/L :yfgLo kl~hsflwsf/Lsf] sfof{nodf lbg' kg]{5 M–
JolQmut 36gf kmf/fd -s_ hGd cg';"rL–@ -v_ d[To' cg';"rL–#
-u_ ljjfx cg';"rL–$ -3_ ;DaGw ljR5]b cg';"rL–% -ª_ a;fO{ ;/fO{ cg';"rL–^
-@_ hGdsf] ;"rgf lb+bf aRrfsf] gfdfs/0f eO;s]sf] geP To:tf] aRrfsf] gfd kl5 btf{ u/fpg ;lsg]5 .
-#_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhdsf] kmf/fd ;"rsnfO{ lgMz'Ns pknAw u/fOg]5 .
^= JolQmut 36gf btf{ M lgod % adf]lhdsf] ;"rgf k|fKt ePkl5 :yfgLo kl~hsflwsf/Ln] P]g adf]lhd ug'{kg]{ sfd u/L b]xfosf]] JolQmut 36gfsf] ;"rgf b]xfosf] cg';"rL adf]lhdsf] btf{ lstfadf btf{ ug'{ kg]{5 M–
JolQmut 36gf btf{ lstfa -s_ hGd cg';"rL–& -v_ d[To' cg';"rL–* -u_ ljjfx cg';"rL–( -3_ ;DaGw ljR5]b cg';"rL–!) -ª_ a;fO{ ;/fO{ cg';"rL–!!
&= btf{sf] k|df0f–kq lbg] M lgod ^ adf]lhd JolQmut 36gfsf] ;"rgf btf{ u/L ;s]kl5 :yfgLo kl~hsflwsf/Ln] b]xfosf] JolQmut 36gfsf] ;"rgf lbg] ;"rsnfO{ b]xfosf] cg';"rL adf]lhdsf] btf{sf] k|df0f–kq lbg' kg]{5 M–
JolQmut 36gf btf{sf] k|df0f–kq -s_ hGd cg';"rL–!@ -v_ d[To' cg';"rL–!# -u_ ljjfx cg';"rL–!$ -3_ ;DaGw ljR5]b cg';"rL–!% -ª_ a;fO{ ;/fO{ cg';"rL–!^
9
*= k|df0f–kqsf] gSsn lbg] M -!_ JolQmut 36gfsf] btf{sf] k|df0f–kq x/fPdf jf s'g} k|sf/n] gi6 ePdf
To:tf] k|df0f–kqsf] gSsnsf] nflu ;/f]sf/jfnf JolQmn] :yfgLo kl~hsflwsf/Lsf] sfof{nodf lgj]bg lbg' kg]{5 .
-@_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhdsf] lgj]bg k|fKt ePkl5 :yfgLo kl~hsflwsf/Ln] ;DalGwt btf{ lstfasf] s}lkmot dxndf btf{sf] k|df0f–kqsf] gSsn lbPsf] Joxf]/f hgfO{ ldlt ;d]t xfnL ;xL u/L kfFr ?k}ofF b:t'/ lnO{ lgj]bsnfO{ btf{sf] k|df0f–kqsf] gSsn lbg' kg]{5 .
(= ljj/0f ;Rofpg] M -!_ btf{ eO{;s]sf] JolQmut 36gfsf] ljj/0f s'g} sf/0fn] ;Rofpg' k/]df To:tf]
sf/0f vf]nL ;DalGwt k|df0f–kq gTyL u/L ;/f]sf/jfnf JolQmn] :yfgLo kl~hsflwsf/Lsf] sfof{nodf lgj]bg lbg' kg]{5 .
-@_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhdsf] lgj]bg k|fKt ePkl5 :yfgLo kl~hsflwsf/Ln] kl~hsflwsf/Lsf] cg'dlt lnO{ ;DalGwt btf{ lstfadf / k|df0f–kqdf ;d]t lgj]bg adf]lhd ;Rofpg' kg]{ s'/f ;RofO{ lbg' kg]{5 . To;/L btf{ eO{;s]sf] ljj/0f ;RofpFbf Ps ?k}ofF b:t'/ nfUg]5 .
!)= aRrfsf] gfd btf{ ug]{ / btf{ eO{;s]sf] gfd km]g]{ M -!_ lgod % sf] pklgod -@_ adf]lhd aRrfsf] gfd btf{ u/fpg ;/f]sf/jfnf
JolQmn] ;DalGwt k|df0f–kq gTyL u/L :yfgLo kl~hsflwsf/Lsf] sfof{nodf lgj]bg lbg' kg]{5 .
-@_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhdsf] lgj]bg k|fKt ePkl5 :yfgLo kl~hsflwsf/Ln] ;DalGwt btf{ lstfadf lgj]bgdf n]lvP adf]lhdsf] gfd btf{ u/L ldlt ;d]t xfnL ;xL u/L k|df0f–kqdf klg gfd hgfO{ lbg' kg]{5 .
-#_ pklgod -@_ adf]lhd gfd btf{ u/]sf] s'/fsf] hfgsf/L :yfgLo kl~hsflwsf/Ln] t'?Gt kl~hsflwsf/Lsf] sfof{nonfO{ lbg' kg]{5 .
-$_ s'g} JolQmsf] klxnf] btf{ eO{;s]sf] gfd km]g{' k/]df To:sf] sf/0f vf]nL ;DalGwt k|df0f–kq gTyL u/L ;/f]sf/jfnf JolQmn] ;DalGwt :yfgLo kl~hsflwsf/Lsf] sfof{nodf lgj]bg lbg' kg]{5 .
-%_ pklgod -$_ adf]lhdsf] lgj]bg k|fKt ePkl5 :yfgLo kl~hsflwsf/Ln] kl~hsflwsf/Lsf] cg'dlt lnO{ ;DalGwt btf{ lstfasf] s}lkmot dxndf km]l/Psf] gfd n]vL ldlt ;d]t xfnL ;xL u/L k|df0f–kqdf ;d]t km]l/Psf] gfd n]lv lbg' kg]{5 . To;/L btf{ eO{;s]sf] gfd km]bf{ Ps ?k}ofF b:t'/ nfUg]5 .
!!= btf{ lstfasf] lg/LIf0f M ;/f]sf/jfnf JolQmn] JolQmut 36gf btf{ lstfa lg/LIf0f ug{ lgj]bg lbPdf :yfgLo kl~hsflwsf/Ln] Ps ?k}ofF lg/LIf0f b:t'/ lnO{ cfˆgf] /f]xa/df btf{ lstfa lg/LIf0f ug{ lbg ;Sg]5 .
!!s= b:t'/ afkt k|fKt /sd sf]ifdf hDdf ug]{ M
klxnf] ;+zf]wgåf/f yk
10
-!_ P]gsf] bkmf !# adf]lhd k|fKt x'g] hl/jfgf /sd afx]s P]g / o; lgodfjnL adf]lhd k|fKt x'g] b:t'/ tyf cGo /sdx? ;DalGwt ufpF ljsf; ;ldlt jf gu/kflnsfsf] sf]ifdf hDdf ug'{kg]{5 .
-@_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhd hDdf ePsf] /sd JolQmut 36gf btf{;Fu ;DalGwt sfo{df vr{ ul/g]5 .
!@= lgj]bg lbg] ;DaGwdf M -!_ P]g tyf o; lgodfjnL adf]lhd ;/f]sf/jfnf JolQmn] lgj]bg lbg cfpFbf
To:tf] JolQm n]vk9 ug{ ghfGg] eP lghn] eg] adf]lhd :yfgLo kl~hsflwsf/Ln] cfkm}+n] n]vL jf n]Vg nufO{ lghsf] NofKr] ;lx5fk u/fpg' kg]{5 .
-@_ P]g jf o; lgodfjnL adf]lhd lgj]bg lb+bf s'g} b:t'/ nfUg] 5}g .
!#= dfl;s ljj/0f k7fpg' kg]{ M :yfgLo kl~hsflwsf/Lsf] sfof{non] kl~hsflwsf/Ln] tf]sL lbPsf] 9fFrf adf]lhdsf] kmf/fddf JolQmut 36gf btf{sf] dfl;s ljj/0f csf]{ dlxgfsf] klxnf] xKtfleq kl~hsflwsf/Lsf] sfof{nodf k7fpg' kg]{5 .
!$= clen]v /fVg' kg]{ M kl~hsflwsf/Lsf] sfof{non] lgod !# adf]lhd k|fKt x'g cfPsf] ljj/0f ;+sng Pj+ ljZn]if0f u/L JolQmut 36gf btf{sf] cWofjlws clen]v /fVg' kg]{5 .
!%= cg';"rLdf x]/km]/ M g]kfn ;/sf/n] g]kfn /fhkqdf ;"rgf k|sflzt u/L cfjZostfg';f/ cg';"rLdf x]/km]/ ug{ ;Sg]5 .
?kfGt/ M s]xL g]kfn sfg"g ;+zf]wg ug]{ P]g, @)^# n] ">L % sf] ;/sf/" eGg] zAbsf] ;§f "g]kfn ;/sf/" eGg] zAb /fvL ?kfGt/ u/]sf] .
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अनुसूची–२ (िनयम ५ सँग स�विन्�त)
जन्मको सूचना फाराम
ःथानीय पि�जकाि�कार�ले भन�
(सूचकले भन�)
ौी ःथानीय पि�जकाि�कार��यू, .................................गा.�व.स. / न.पा. ..................................िज�ला महोदय, िन�न िलिखत �ववरर खलुाई नवजात िशशु जन्मको सूचना �दन आएको छु । कानून अनुसार जन्म दता� गर� पाँऊ । १. नवजात िशशुको �ववरर नाम: थर पूरा नाम थर (In English) जन्म िमित (साल-म�हना-गते): �व.स.ं मा ई.स.ं मा िशश ुजन्मेको ठाउँ:
िशश ुजन्मदा म�त गन� �य��ः िल�गः पु�� म�हला अन्य जात / जाित: जन्मको �किसमः एकल जु��याहा ित��याहा वा सो भन्दा ब��
कुनै शार��रक �वकृतीः छ छैन भएमा उ�लेख गन�ः िशशु जन्मेको ठेगाना िज�ला : गा.�व.स./न.पा. वडा न.ं
�वदेशमा जन्मेको भएमा ठेगाना: �वदेशमा जन्मेको भएमा ठेगाना (In English):
२. नवजात िशशुको बाजे ैको �ववरर
नवजात िशशुको बाजेको नाम थर बाजेको पूरा नाम थर (In English)
३. नवजात िशशुको बाबु आमाको �ववरर
बाबुको �ववरर आमाको �ववरर
नाम
थर
पूरा नाम थर (In English)
ःथानीय पि�जकाि�कार�को नाम
ःथानीय पि�जकाि�कार�को नाम (In English)
कम�चार� संकेत नं.
फाराम दता� नं.
फाराम दता� िमित (साल-म�हना-गते) �व.स.ं ई.सं.
प�रवारको लगत फाराम नं.
अ�चल
िज�ला
गा.�व.स./न.पा.
वडा नं.
घर ःवाःथ–संःथा अःपताल अन्य
घरको मािनस सु�डनी नस� ःवाःथ कम� डा�टर अन्य
11
hGd, d[To' tyf cGo JolQmut 36gf -btf{ ug]{_ lgodfjnL @)#$ ;Fu ;DalGwt cg';"rLx?
12
hGd
, d[T
o’ t
yf c
Go JolQmut
36gf -bt
f{ ug
]{_ lgod
fjnL @)
#$ ;
Fu ;D
alGw
t cg’;”
rLx?
z'?
kmf/d
z'?
nut k
mf/d k
|dflg
t u
g]{M ====
======
======
======
=
gjhft lzz'sf] afh]sf] ljj/0f
बाबुको �ववरण आमाको �ववरण
ःथायी ठेगाना नेपालीमा In English नेपालीमा In English
िज�ला
गा.�व.स./न.पा.
वडा नं.
सडक / माग�
गाउँ / टोल
घर नं.
िशशु जन्मदाको उमेर
जन्म भएको देश
नाग�रकता िलएको देश नाग�रकता ूमाणपऽ नं. ूमाणपऽ जार� िमित (साल-म�हना-गते) नाग�रकता ूमाणपऽ जार� िज�ला �वदेशी भएमा पासपोट� नं. र देशको नाम
िश�ाको ःतर (उ�ीण� तह)
पेशा
धम�
मातभृाषा
यो िशशु समेत गर� हालस�म जन्मेको सन्तान स��या
यो िशशु समेत गर� हालस�म जी�वत सन्तान स��या
�ववाह दता� नं.
�ववाह भएको िमित (साल-म�हना-गते) �व.सं. मा ई.सं. मा
यसमा लेिखएको �ववरण साँचो हो। झु�ठा ठहरे कानून बमोिजम सहँुला बुझाउँला भनी स�हहाप गन� सूचकको �ववरण ।
नाम थर पूरा नाम थर (In English) नवजात िशशुसँगको नाता ठेगाना िज�ला गा.�व.स./न.पा. वडा नं. सडक / माग� गाउँ / टोल घर न.ं नाग�रकता (ःवदेशी भएमा) नाग�रकता ूमाणपऽ नं. नाग�रकता ूमाणपऽ जार� िमित (साल-म�हना-गते) नाग�रकता ूमाणपऽ जार� िज�ला �वदेशी भएमा पासपोट� नं. र देशको नाम �वदेशी भएमा पासपोट� नं. र देशको नाम (In English)
फाराम भरेको िमित (साल-म�हना-गते)
सूचकको स�हहाप
..................................
दायाँ बायाँ
अनुसूची–३ (िनयम ५ सँग स�विन्�त)
म�ृयकुो सूचना फाराम
ःथानीय पि�जकाि�कार�ले भन�
(सूचकले भन�)
ौी ःथानीय पि�जकाि�कार��यू, .................................गा.�व.स./ न.पा. ..................................िज�ला महोदय, िन�न िलिखत �ववरर खलुाई मतृकको सूचना �दन आएको छु । कानून अनुसार म�ृयु दता� गर� पाँऊ । १. मतृकको �ववरर जन्म दता� नं. नाम थर पूरा नाम थर (In English) जन्म िमित (साल-म�हना-गते) �व.स.ं मा ई.सं. मा म�ृय ुभएको िमित (साल-म�हना-गते) �व.सं. मा ई.स.ं मा जन्म भएको ठेगाना िज�ला गा.�व.स./न.पा. वडा नं. सडक/ माग� घर न.ं गाउँ/ टोल
म�ृयकुो भएको ःथानः घर अःपताल अन्य
२. मतृकको ठेगाना िज�ला गा.�व.स./न.पा. वडा नं.
सडक/ माग� घर न.ं गाउँ/ टोल
३. मतृकको ठेगाना (In English) िज�ला गा.�व.स./न.पा. वडा नं.
सडक/ माग� घर न.ं गाउँ/ टोल
४. मतृकको �ववरर नाग�रकता ूमारपऽ नं. ू.पऽ जार� िज�ला ू.प.जार� िमित (साल-म�हना-गते)
�वदेशी भएमा देश र पासपोट� नं.
�वदेशी भएमा देश र पासपोट� नं. (In English)
ःथानीय पि�जकाि�कार�को नाम
ःथानीय पि�जकाि�कार�को नाम (In English)
कम�चार� संकेत नं.
दता� नं.
फाराम दता� िमित (साल-म�हना-गते) �व.स.ं ई.सं.
प�रवारको लगत फाराम नं.
अ�चल
िज�ला
गा.�व.स./न.पा.
वडा नं.
13
14
पूव� ववैााहक िःथित : �ववााहत ��ववााहत उ�ीण� तह(िश�ा) मातभृाषा धम�
जात/ जाित
बाजेको नाम थर बाजेको पूरा नाम थर (In English) बाबुको नाम थर बाबुको पूरा नाम थर (In English) आमाको नाम थर आमाको पूरा नाम थर (In English)
५. मतृक �ववााहत भएमा पित/प�ी को नाम थर पित/प�ी को नाम थर (In English) दइु� वा सोभन्दा ब�� प�ी भएमा सबकैो नाम उ�लेख गन� । (म�ृयु भएकाको समेत) ब.सं. नाम ब.स.ं नाम (In English)
म�ृयुको कारण
६. सूचकको �ववरण यसमा लेिखएको �ववरण साँचो हो। झु�ठा ठहरे कानून बमोिजम सहँुला बुझाउँला भनी साहहाप गन� सूचकको �ववरण
नाम थर परूा नाम थर (In English) मतृकसँगको नाता ठेगाना िज�ला गा.�व.स./न.पा. वडा नं. सडक / माग� गाउँ / टोल घर नं. नाग�रकता (ःवदेशी भएमा) नाग�रकता ूमाणपऽ नं. नाग�रकता ूमाणपऽ जार� िमित (साल-माहना-गते) नाग�रकता ूमाणपऽ जार� िज�ला �वदेशी भएमा पासपोट� नं. र देशको नाम �वदेशी भएमा पासपोट� नं. र देशको नाम(In English) फाराम भरेको िमित (साल-माहना-गते)
सूचकको साहहाप
..................................
दायाँ बायाँ
अनुसूची –४ (िनयम ५ सँग स�विपधत)
�ववाहको सूचना फाराम
ःथानीय पि�जकािधकार�ले भन�
(सूचकले भन�)
ौी ःथानीय पि�जकािधकार��यू, .................................गा.�व.स / न.पा. ..................................िज�ला महोदय, िन�न िलिखत �ववरर खलुाई �ववाहको सूचना �दन आएको छु । कानून अनुसार �ववाह दता� गर� पाऊँ । १. �ववाहको �ववरर �ववाहको �किसमः सामािजक पर�परा अनसुार �ववाह दता� ऐन, २०२८ अनुसार �ववाह भएको िमितः (साल-म�हना-गते) �व.सं. मा ई.सं. मा �ववाह स�पपन भएको ःथान िज�ला गा.�व.स./न.पा. वडा नं. सडक / माग� गाउँ / टोल घर नं. �वदेशमा �ववाह भएमा ठेगाना �वदेशमा �ववाह भएमा ठेगाना (In English)
२. दलुहादलुह�को �ववरर
दलुहाको �ववरर दलुह�को �ववरर
नाम
थर
परूा नाम (In English)
जपम िमित (साल-म�हना-गते)
जात/जाित
पवू� ववैा�हक िःथित
िश�ाको ःतर (उ�ीर� तह)
पेशा
धम�
मातभृाषा
ःथायी ठेगाना नेपालीमा In English नेपालीमा In English
िज�ला
गा.�व.स./न.पा.
वडा नं.
ःथानीय पि�जकािधकार�को नाम
ःथानीय पि�जकािधकार�को नाम (In English)
कम�चार� संकेत नं.
दता� नं.
फाराम दता� िमित (साल-म�हना-गते) �व.स.ं ई.सं.
प�रवारको लगत फाराम नं.
अ�चल
िज�ला
गा.�व.स./न.पा.
वडा नं.
15
16
दलुहाको �ववरण दलुह�को �ववरण
सडक / माग�
गाउँ / टोल
घर नं.
जन्म भएको देश
नाग�रकता िलएको देश नाग�रकता ूमाणपऽ नं. ूमाणपऽ जार� िमित (साल-म�हना-गते) नाग�रकता ूमाणपऽ जार� िज�ला �वदेशी भएमा पासपोट� नं. र देशको नाम
ठेगाना )�वदेशी भएमा(
�वदेशी भएमा ठेगाना (In English)
बाजेको नाम थर (नेपालीमा)
बाजेको पूरा नाम थर (In English)
बाबकुो नाम थर (नेपालीमा)
बाबकुो पूरा नाम थर (In English)
आमाको नाम थर (नेपालीमा)
आमाको परूा नाम थर (In English)
३. सूचकको �ववरण यसमा लेिखएको �ववरण साँचो हो। झु�ठा ठहरे कानून बमोिजम सहँुला बुझाउँला भनी स�हहाप गन� सूचकको �ववरण
द�पपी बाहेक अ� सूचक भएमा (अिधकृतनामा �दएको अवःथामा) नाम थर परूा नाम थर (In English) ठेगाना िज�ला गा.�व.स./न.पा. वडा नं. सडक / माग� गाउँ / टोल घर नं. नाग�रकता (ःवदेशी भएमा) नाग�रकता ूमाणपऽ नं. नाग�रकता ूमाणपऽ जार� िमित (साल-म�हना-गते) नाग�रकता ूमाणपऽ जार� िज�ला �वदेशी भएमा पासपोट� नं. र देशको नाम �वदेशी भएमा पासपोट� नं. र देशको नाम (In English) फाराम भरेको िमित (साल-म�हना-गते)
दलुहाको स�हहाप
..................
बायाँ दायाँ
दलुह�को स�हहाप
..................
बायाँ दायाँ
सूचकको स�हहाप
..................................
दायाँ बायाँ
अनुसूची–५ (िनयम ५ सँग स�विबन्त)
स��बन् ��बछेदको सूचना फाराम
ःथानीय पि�जकािन्कार�ले भन�
(सूचकले भन�)
ौी ःथानीय पि�जकािन्कार��यू, .................................गा.�व.स. / न.पा. ..................................िज�ला महोदय, िन�न िलिखत �ववरर खुलाई स��बन् ��बछेदको सूचना �दन आएको छु । कानून अनुसार स��बन् ��बछेदको दता� गर� पाऊँ । १. स��बन् ��बछेद स��बन्ी �ववरर
स��बन् ��बछेदको िनर�यगन� अदालतको �किसम� िज�ला अदालत पनुरावेदन अदालत सव�बच अदालत िज�ला अदालतको िनर�य न��र अदालतको िनर�य िमित (साल-म�हना-गते) �ववाह दता� नं.
२. पित प�ीको �ववरर
पितको �ववरर पि�को �ववरर
नाम
थर
पूरा नाम थर (In English)
जबम िमित (साल-म�हना-गते)
जबम दता� नं.
जात/ जाित
जबम भएको देश
नाग�रकता िलएको भए ूमार पऽ नं.
नाग�रकता ूमारपऽ जार� िज�ला
नाग�रकता ूमारपऽ जार� िमित
�वदेशी नागर�क भएमा पासपोट� नं. , देश र जार� िमित
�वदेशी नागर�क भएमा पासपोट� नं. , देश र जार� िमित (In English)
स��बन् ��बछेद हुनु अगा�डको ठेगाना नेपालीमा In English नेपालीमा In English
िज�ला
गा.�व.स./न.पा.
वडा नं.
सडक/ माग�
गाउँ/ टोल
घर नं.
िश�ाको ःतर (उ�ीर� तह)
ःथानीय पि�जकािन्कार�को नाम
ःथानीय पि�जकािन्कार�को नाम (In English)
कम�चार� संकेत न.ं
दता� नं.
फाराम दता� िमित (साल-म�हना-गते) �व.स.ं ई.सं.
प�रवारको लगत फाराम नं.
अ�चल
िज�ला
गा.�व.स./न.पा.
वडा नं.
17
18
पितको �ववरर पि�को �ववरर
धम�
मातभृाषा
बाजेको नाम थर
बाजेको परूा नाम थर (In English)
बाबुको नाम थर
बाबुको परूा नाम थर (In English)
आमाको नाम थर
आमाको पूरा नाम थर (In English)
�ववाह भएको िमित (साल-म�हना-गते) �व.सं. मा ई.सं. मा वैवा�हक स�बन्धबाट पाएको सन्तान स��या
हालस�म जी�वत सन्तान स��या
आमा /बाबुसँग बसेको स��या
छोरा छोर�
अन्य �य��सगँ बसेको छोराको स��या अन्य �य��सगँ बसेको छोर�को स��या
३. सूचकको �ववरर यसमा लेिखएको �ववरर साँचो हो। झु�ठा ठहरे काननू बमोिजम सहँुला बुझाउँला भनी स�हछाप गन� सूचकको �ववरर
नाम थर परूा नाम थर (In English) स�वन्ध �व�छेदकता�सगँको नाता ठेगाना िज�ला गा.�व.स./न.पा. वडा नं. सडक / माग� गाउँ / टोल घर नं. नाग�रकता (ःवदेशी भएमा) नाग�रकता ूमारपऽ नं. नाग�रकता ूमारपऽ जार� िमित (साल-म�हना-गते) नाग�रकता ूमारपऽ जार� िज�ला �वदेशी भएमा पासपोट� नं. र देशको नाम �वदेशी भएमा पासपोट� नं. र देशको नाम ( In English)
फाराम भरेको िमित (साल-म�हना-गते)
सूचकको स�हछाप
..................................
दायाँ बायाँ
अनुसूची–६ (िनयम ५ सँग स�विन्�त)
बसाई सराईको सूचना फाराम
ःथानीय पि�जकाि�कार�ले भन�
(सूचकले भन�)
ौी ःथानीय पि�जकाि�कार��यू, .................................गा.यव.स./ न.पा. ..................................िज�ला महोदय, िन�न िलिखत यववरण खलुाई बसाई सराईको सचूना �दन आएको छु । कानून अनुसार बसाई सराई दता� गर� पाँऊ । १. कहाँ सर� जाने ठेगाना
िज�ला गा.यव.स./न.पा. वडा नं. सडक/ माग� घर नं. गाउँ/ टोल
कहाँ सर� जाने ठेगाना (In English)
िज�ला गा.यव.स./न.पा. वडा नं. सडक/ माग� घर नं. गाउँ/ टोल
२. कहाँबाट सर� आएको ठेगाना स�र आएको दता� नं. िज�ला गा.यव.स./न.पा. वडा नं. सडक/ माग� घर नं. गाउँ/ टोल
कहाँबाट सर� आएको ठेगाना (In English)
स�र आएको दता� नं. िज�ला गा.यव.स./न.पा. वडा नं. सडक/ माग� घर नं. गाउँ/ टोल
बसाई सराई गन� घरमलुीको नाम थर बसाई सराई गन� घरमलुीको परूा नाम (In English) बसाई सराईको िमित (साल-म�हना-गते) यव.स.ं मा ई.सं. मा बसाई सराईको कारणः नोकर� �यापार �यावसाय घर बास अन्य
३. बसाई सराईगर� जाने �यय�को यववरण
ःथानीय पि�जकाि�कार�को नाम
ःथानीय पि�जकाि�कार�को नाम (In English)
कम�चार� संकेत नं.
फाराम दता� नं.
फाराम दता� िमित (साल-म�हना-गते) यव.स.ं ई.सं.
प�रवारको लगत फाराम नं.
अ�चल
िज�ला
गा.यव.स./न.पा.
वडा नं.
ब.स. जन्म दता� नं.
पुरा नाम थर जन्म िमित (साल/ म�हना / गते)
जन्म ःथान
िल�ग नागर�कता ूमाणपऽ अन्य घटना दता� भए नभएको खुलाउने
सूचक सँगको नाता नं. जार� िमित िज�ला
१
(In English)
19
20
यसमा लेिखएको �वववर साँचो हो। झु�ठा ठहवे कानून बमोिजम सहँुला बुझाउँला भनी स�हहाा गन� सूचकको �वववर ।
नाम थव ावूा नाम थव (In English) ठेगाना िज�ला गा.�व.स./न.ाा. वडा नं. सडक / माग� गाउँ / टोल घव नं. नाग�वकका (ःवदेशी भएमा) नाग�वकका ूमाराऽ नं. नाग�वकका ूमाराऽ जाव� िमिक (साल-म�हना-गके) नाग�वकका ूमाराऽ जाव� िज�ला �वदेशी भएमा ाासाोट� नं. व देशको नाम �वदेशी भएमा ाासाोट� नं. व देशको नाम (In English)
फावाम भवेको िमिक (साल-म�हना-गके)
ब.स. जन्म दका� नं.
ाुवा नाम थव जन्म िमिक (साल/ म�हना / गके)
जन्म ःथान
िल�ग नागव�कका ूमाराऽ अन्य घटना दका� भए नभएको खुलाउने
सूचक सँगको नाका नं. जाव� िमिक िज�ला
२
(In English)
३
(In English)
४
(In English)
५
(In English)
६
(In English)
७
(In English)
८
(In English)
९
(In English)
१०
(In English)
सूचकको स�हहाा
..................................
दायाँ बायाँ
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21
22
cg';
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ldlt
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gfd,
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lhNn
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f] ;xL /
ld
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23
24
cg';
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l~hsflw
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]b 7x
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ld
lt
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25
26
27
अनुसूची-१२
(िनयम ७ सँग स�ब�न्ात)
नेपाल सरकार
स��ीय मािमला तथा ःथानीय �वकास मन्ऽालय
ःथानीय प��जकािाकाराको काया�लय
…………गाउँ ��वाा ामममत/नगरपाम�वा …………िज��ा
ज�म दता� ूमाणपऽ दता� न�बर: ………………………. दता� िमित: …….…-..…-….. पािरवािरक लगत फाराम न: ……………. यस काया�लयमा खडा गिरएको जन्म दता� �कताब अनसुार ूमा�णत गिरन्छ �क सचूक ौी/ौीमती ………………….ले भरेको अनसुचूी-२ को सचूना फाराम बमो�जम ौी ………………….को नाित/नाितनी, ……… �ज�ला ………. गाउँ �वकास सिमित/नगरपािलका वाड� नं. … मा बःने ौी …………………. तथा ौीमती ………………….को छोरा/छोरा ौी/सौुी ………………….को िमित �व.सं. ……-…..-.… (..……-.…-…. ई.सं.) मा जन्म भएको हो ।
नागिरकता िलएको भए ःथानीय प��जकािाकाराको नागिरकता ूमाणपऽ नं.,जारा िमित र �ज�ला सहा: क.बाबकुो: …….. ……-…-…………., ...................... नाम थर:-……….............……..
ख.आमाको: …….. ……-…-…………., ..................... िमित: …...........…-....…-…....
Schedule−12
(Related with Rule 7)
Government of Nepal Ministry of Federal Affairs and Local Development
Office of Local Registrar ......................VDC/Municipality
............................ District
Birth Registration Certificate
Registration No.: .................... Date of Registration: .............−......−...... Family Record Form No: .........................
This is to certify, as per the birth register maintained at this office and the information provided by
Mr./Mrs ................................ in the information from of schedule 2, that Mr./Miss..................................
...., son/daughter of Mr. ................................ and Mrs. ................................, grandson/granddaughter
of Mr. / Mrs..........................., a resident of Ward No. ..........., ...............Village Development Committ
ee/Municipality, ......................... District, was born on................−......−........ BS (............−.......−....... AD)
at.........................
Date, District and Citizenship Certificate No. if Citizenship Certificate is issued to:
Local Registrar’s: A. Father: .......−......−......, ,.........., ............... Signature: B. Mother: ........−...−......, .........., ................. Name and surname: ................
28
अनसुचूी-१३ (िनयम ७ सँग स�ब�न्ात)
नेपाल सरकार स��ीय मािमला तथा ःथानीय �वकास मन्ऽालय
ःथानीय प��जकािाकाराको काया�लय
………… गाउँ ��वाा ामममत/नगरपाम�वा …………िज��ा
म�ृ� ुदता�वो ूमाणपऽ दता� न�बर: ………………………. दता� िमित: ……….…-……-……
पािरवािरक लगत फाराम न: ……………. यस काया�लयमा खडा गिरएको म�ृय ू दता� �कताब अनसुार ूमा�णत गिरन्छ �क सचूक ौी/ौीमित……………………….ले भरेको अनसुचूी-३ को सचूना फाराम बमो�जम ौी ……………………….को नाित/नाितनी ौी …………….......………….को छोरा/छोरा ौी ……..........………………….को पित/प�� …………………….…. �ज�ला ……………… गाउँ �वकास सिमित/नगरपािलका वाड� नं. …. मा बःने वष� ….. को ौी/ौीमित …………………को िमित �व.सं. ………-..…-….. (…….…-..…-.… ई.सं.) गते ………………… गाउँ �वकास सिमित/नगरपािलका वडा नं. …. मा म�ृय ूभएको हो ।
नागिरकता िलएको भए मतृकको ःथानीय प��जकािाकाराको नागिरकताको ूमाणपऽ नं :……………………. सहा: जारा िमित र �ज�ला : ……-…-………………………. नाम थर:- ……………..
िमित: ……-…-…
Schedule−13 (Related with Rule 7)
Government of Nepal Ministry of Federal Affairs and Local Development
Office of Local Registrar ......................VDC/Municipality
............................ District
Death Registration Certificate
Registration No.: ............... Date of Registration:-...........−.....−.... Family Record Form No: .........................
This is to certify, as per the death register maintained at this office and the information provided by Mr./Mrs. ........................................... in the information from of schedule 3, that Mr./Miss/Ms......................................, aged....., son/daughter of Mr./Mrs. ..................................., grandson/granddaughter of Mr./Mrs. ....................., Husband/Wife of Mr./Mrs. ..................., a resident of Ward No. ............., ...................................Village Development Committee/Municipality, ....................District, died on................BS(.............−.....−....AD).
If Citizenship Certificate is issued to the deceased: Local Registrar’s:
His/Her Citizenship Certificate No: ......................... Signature:
Date and District of issuance: ............−...........−....... Name and surname: .........................
Date: ................−..............−......
29
अनुसूची-१४
(िनयम ७ सँग स�ब�न्ात)
नेपाल सरकार
स��ीय मािमला तथा ःथानीय �वकास मन्ऽालय
ःथानीय प���कािाकाराको काया�लय …………………… गाउँ �वकास सिमित/नगरपािलका
……………………��जला
�ववाा दता�को ूमाणपऽ
दता� न�बर: ………………………. दता� िमित: …….…-…….-…….
पािरवािरक लगत फाराम न: …………….
यस काया�लयमा खडा गिरएको �ववाा दता� �कताब अनुसार ूमा�णत गिरन्छ �क सूचक ौी ………………….तथा ौीमती ………………….ले भरेको अनुसूची-४ को सूचना फाराम बमो��म ौी ………………….को नाित ौी ………………….को छोरा …………………., ��जला …………………. गाउँ �वकास सिमित/नगरपािलका वाड� नं. …. मा बःने बष� …. को ौी …………………. सँग …………………. को नाितनी ौी …………….............…… .को छोरा …………………. ��जला ………. नगरपािलका वाड� नं. …… मा बःने बष� …. क� ………………….को िमित �व. स. …….…-.…-.… (……-…-… ई.सं.) मा सामा��क पर�परा/�बबाा दता� ऐन, २०२८ अनुसार �ववाा भएको ाो । नागिरकता िलएको भए ःथानीय प���कािाकाराको नागिरकता ूमाणपऽ नं.,�ारा िमित र ��जला साा:
क.दलुााा: …….. ……-…-…………. नाम थर:-………….....................…..
ख.दलुाा: …….. ……-…-…………. िमित: …..............…-…........-…........
Schedule−14
(Related with Rule 7)
Government of Nepal Ministry of Federal Affairs and Local Development
Office of Local Registrar ......................VDC/Municipality
............................ District
Marriage Registration Certificate
Registration No.: ................ Date of Registration:-........−.......−......
Family Record Form No: ......................... This is to certify, as per the marriage register maintained at this office and the information provided byMr. .............. and Mrs. ............................... in the information from of schedule 4, that Mr. .................., aged.............., son of Mr. ........................., grandson of Mr. .............................., a resident of Ward No. ..............., ..............Village Development Committee/ Municipality, ....................District, married Miss. ......................, aged ........, daughter of Mr. ......................., granddaughter of Mr......................, a resident of Ward No. .................Village Development Committee/Municipality, ....................District, on..............−............−................. B.S. (...............−..........−..............A.D.) in accordance with the social customs/marriage .registration act, 2028. Date, District and Citizenship Certificate No. if Citizenship Certificate is issued to: Local Registrar’s:
A. Bride............., ...............−.......−.........., ................. Signature:
B. Bridegroom: ........., ..........−........−........., .................. Name and surname:................. Date: ...............−..........−...........
30
अनसुचूी-१५
(िनयम ७ सँग स�ब�न्ात) नेपाल सरकार
स��ीय मािमला तथा ःथानीय �वकास मन्ऽालय ःथानीय प���कािाकाराको काया�लय
……………………गाउँ �वकास सिमित/नगरपािलका ……………………��जला
स��ब� ��ब�ेद दता�को ूमाणपऽ दता� न�बर: ………………………. दता� िमित: …….…-……-…….
पािरवािरक लगत फाराम न: ……………. यस काया�लयमा खडा गिरएको स�बन्ा �ब�छेद दता� �कताब अनसुार ूमा�णत गिरन्छ �क सचूक ौी/ौीमती ……………………….ले भरेको अनसुचूी-५ को सचूना फाराम बमो��म ौी ………………....………. को नाित ौी ……………………….को छोरा ………………… ��जला ……………… नगरपािलका वाड� नं. ...…. मा बःने बष� …. को ौी …………....……. सँग ौी ……………..….को नाितनी ौी ………..……….को छोरा ………………… ��जला ………………… गाउँ �वकास सिमित /नगरपािलका वाड� नं. …. मा बःने बष� ….. को ौीमती …………………..को …………..अदालतको िमित ……-…..-…... को आदेश अनसुार दा�प�य स�बन्ा �ब�छेद भएको ाो । नागिरकता िलएको भए ःथानीय प���कािाकाराको नागिरकता ूमाणपऽ नं.,�ारा िमित र ��जला साा: क.पितको: ……............……-…-…………. नाम थर:-……………..
Schedule−15
(Related with Rule 7)
Government of Nepal Ministry of Federal Affairs and Local Development
Office of Local Registrar ......................VDC/Municipality
............................ District
Divorce Registration Certificate
Registration No.: .................... Date of Registration:-.......... −.....−...... Family Record Form No: ......................... This is to certify, as per the divorce register maintained at this office and the information provided by Mr./Mrs. ......................... in the information from of schedule 5, that the marital relationship between Mr. ..........., aged ........, son of Mr. ........., grandson of Mr........................, a resident of Ward No. .....,................Village Development Committee/Municipality, ....................District and Mrs. ..................., aged......., daughter of Mr. ......................., granddaughter of Mr....................., a resident of Ward No. ....., ........Village DevelopmentCommittee/Municipality, ....................District, was terminated on as per the Judgment of the ...........Court, dated............−........−..............B.S. (..........−........−..........A.D.). Date, District and Citizenship Certificate No. if Citizenship Certificate is issued to:
Local Registrar’s:
A. Husband: .........., ...........−.......−...........,...... Signature:
B. Wife:........., ............−........−............, ........... Name and surname: .................. Date: .............−...............−............
31
अनसुचूी-१६ (िनयम ७ सँग स�ब�न्ात)
नेपाल सरकार स�घीय मािमला तथा ःथानीय �वकास मन्ऽालय
ःथानीय प��जकािाकाराको काया�लय ……………………गाउँ �वकास सिमित/नगरपािलका
……………………�जजला
बसाई सराई दता�को ूमाणपऽ दता� न�बर: ………………………. दता� िमित: …….…-…..-….. पािरवािरक लगत फाराम न: ……………. यस काया�लयमा खडा गिरएको बसाई सराई दता� �कताब अनसुार ूमा�णत गिरन्छ �क सचूक ौी ……………ले भरेको अनसुचुी-६ को बसाई सराईको सचूना फाराम बमो�जम ……………�जजला …………… गाउँ �वकास सिमित/नगरपािलका वडा नं. ……मा बःने ौी …………….. िन�न िल�खत पिरवार स�हत िमित ………-…-…मा …………….�जजला………… गाउँ �वकास सिमित/नगरपािलका वडा नं. …. मा बसाई सरा आएको / गएको हो । ब.स. नाम थर जन्म िमित सूचक संगको नाता घटना दता� भए नभएको खलुाउने कै�फयत
सूचकले नागिरकता िलएको भए ःथानीय प��जकािाकाराको नागिरकता ूमाणपऽ नं. …………… सहा: जारा िमित र �जजला …….. ……-…-… ………. नाम थर:-…………….. िमित: ……-…-…
Schedule−16 (Related with Rule 7) Government of Nepal
Ministry of Federal Affairs and Local Development
Office of Local Registrar ......................VDC/Municipality
............................ District
Migration Registration Certificate Registration No.: ................... Date of Registration:-….........−.........−........ Family Record Form No: .......................
This is to certify, as per the migration register maintained at this office and the information provided by Mr./Mrs. ............................... in the information from of schedule 6, the informant Mr./Mrs. ............................., a resident of Ward No. ....., .......................Village Development Committee/Municipality, ....................District, with the following members of the family, in migrated/out migrated to Ward No. .............., .................Village Development Committee/ Municipality, ....................District.
S.N. Name and surname
Date of Birth
Relationship with the Informant
Vital Events Registration Mentioned or Not
Remarks
If Citizenship Certificate is issued to the informant: Local Registrar’s: Citizenship Certificate No: ............................................ Signature: Date and District of Issuance: ...........−.........−.......... Name and surname: ............................ Date: ............−.............−...............
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JolQmut 36gf btf{ ;DaGwdf ePsf lgb]{zg tyf kl/kqx?
!= hGd btf{
-s_ hGd btf{ ;DaGwdf ;jf]{Rr cbfntaf6 ldlt @)^@.%.#) df ePsf] k/dfb]z ;jf]{Rr cbfntsf] ;Djt\ @)^) ;fnsf] l/6 g+= !@! df dfggLo Gofoflwzx? >L cg'k/fh zdf{, zf/bfk|;fb kl08t / ch'{gk|;fb l;+xsf] ljz]if Ohnf;af6 afnaflnsfsf] hGd btf{ ug]{ ;DaGwdf ldlt @)^@÷%÷#) df ePsf] b]xfo adf]lhdsf] cfb]z sfof{Gjogsf] nflu k|wfgdGqL tyf dlGqkl/ifb\sf] sfof{no sfg"g zfvfsf] ldlt @)^@÷*÷( sf] r=g+= @!! sf] kq tyf sfg"g, Gofo tyf ;+;bLo Joj:yf dGqfno, th'{df zfvfsf] ldlt @)^@÷!)÷$ sf] r=g+= *^ sf] kqaf6 n]vL cfPsf] x'Fbf ;a} kl~hsflwsf/Lx?nfO{ cfb]z sfof{Gjog ug]{ ljifodf lgb]{zg ePsf] 5 . -!_ JolQmut 36gf -btf{ ug]{_ P]g, @)## sf] bkmf $ sf] pkbkmf -!_ sf] v08 -s_
df /x]sf] æhGd tyf d[To'sf] ;"rgf kl/jf/sf] d'Vo JolQmn] / lghsf] cg'kl:yltdf kl/jf/sf] pd]/ k'u]sf] k'?ifx?dWo] ;a}eGbf h]7f] JolQmn]Æ eGg] jfSof+z /x]sf] æk'?ifx?dWo]Æ eGg] jfSof+z ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f !#! cg';f/ lgis[o x'g] 7x5{ .
ctM pQm bkmfaf6 ;f] jfSof+z lemlsPkl5 kl/jf/sf] pd]/ k'u]sf] ;a}eGbf h]7f] JolQmn] ;"rs eO{ hGd tyf d[To'sf] 36gf btf{ u/fpg ;Sg] .
-@_ jfbL ;d'bfosf afnaflnsfx? nufot afa'sf] 7]ufg gnfu]sf] ;a} afnaflnsfx?nfO{ afa'sf] 7]ufg gePsf] eGg] sf/0fn] lghx?sf] hGd btf{ ug{ OGsf/ gug'{ ======= .
ctM afa'sf] 7]ufg gnfu]sf] afnaflnsfsf] hGd btf{ ug{ ;"rgf kmf/fdsf] afa'sf] ljj/0fsf] dxndf 7]ufg gePsf] Joxf]/f n]lv cfdfn] ;"rs eO{ hGdsf] 36gf btf{ ug{ ;Sg] .
-:yfgLo ljsf; dGqfnosf] ldlt @)^@÷!)÷!# sf] kl/kq_
-v_ ltAatL z/0ffyL{sf afnaflnsfsf] hGd btf{ ;DaGwdf ePsf] kl/kq M ltAatL z/0ffyL{ kl/ro–kq kfO{;s]sf ltAatL z/0ffyL{x?sf] kl/ro–kqdf plNnlvt gfafns ;Gtfgx? tyf afa' cfdfn] kl/ro–kq kfO{;s]kl5 hGd ePsf lghsf ;Gtfgx?sf] nut /fVg :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfnon] :yfgLo kl~hsflwsf/Lx?sf] sfof{nonfO{ lgb]{zg lbg] egL g]kfn ;/sf/ -d+=k=_ af6 ldlt @)^)÷^÷@^ df lg0f{o ePsf] x'Fbf b]xfo cg';f/sf :yfgLo kl~hsflwsf/Lx?nfO{ lg0f{ofg';f/ nut /fVg nufO{ ;f] sf] Psk|lt ;DalGwt lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no / Psk|lt o; dGqfnnodf pknAw u/fO{ lbg] Joj:yf ;d]tsf nflu lgb]{zg lbg] Joj:yf x'g lg0f{ofg';f/ cg'/f]w 5 egL u[x dGqfno z/0ffyL{ dfldnf ;dGjo ;DaGwL /fli6«o OsfO{ l;+xb/jf/sf] B370/2003 ldlt @)^)÷^÷@( sf] kqaf6 cg'/f]w eO{ cfPsf] ;DaGwdf k]z
33
x'Fbf ;f]xL adf]lhd nut /flv Psk|lt lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no / Psk|lt u[x dGqfnosf] ;DalGwt zfvfdf lgoldt ?kdf k7fpg :yfgLo kl~hsflwsf/Lx?nfO{ lgb]{zg lbg] u/L ldlt @)^)÷&÷!( df g]kfn ;/sf/ -;lrj:t/_ af6 lg0f{o ePsf] 5 .
ltAatL z/0ffyL{x? /x]sf lhNnfsf] ljj/0f M tfKn]h'Ë, Onfd, ;+v'jf;ef, bf]nvf, l;Gw'kfNrf]s, eQmk'/, nlntk'/, sf7df8f}+, /;'jf, ;f]n'v'Dj', uf]/vf, sf:sL, tgx'F, dgfË, d':tfË, afUn'Ë, gjnk/f;L, 8f]Nkf, h'Dnf, x'Dnf / bfr'{nf–@! lhNnf
-:yfgLo ljsf; dGqfnosf] ldlt @)^)÷&÷@% sf] kl/kq_
-u_ hGd btf{df dfjnL afh] ;"rs aGg ;Sg] jf g;Sg] ;DaGwdf ePsf] kl/kq sf]l/og gful/s hf]Ë ;f]Ëxf] / g]kfnL gful/s s~rg nfdf aLr @)^)
;fndf ljjfx eO{ lghx?sf] tkm{af6 ldlt @)^$.!.@$ df 5f]/f afbf hËsf] :t'kf ;fd'bflos c:ktfn, af}4 sf7df8f}+df hGd ePsf] / xfn aRrfsf] afa' cfdf b'a} sf]l/ofdf /x]sf] x'Fbf afa' ljb]zL / cfdf g]kfnL gful/saf6 hGd]sf] aRrfsf] hGd btf{ dfjnL afh]n] ;"rs eO{ hGd btf{ ug{ ldN5 ldNb}g egL lgb]{zg dfu e} cfPsfn] ;f] ;DaGwdf sf/jfxL x'Fbf ædfjnL k§Lsf xh'/a'afnfO{ kl/jf/sf] ;b:osf ?kdf lng dgfl;j gx'g] ePsf]n] dfjnL tkm{af6 ;"rs x'g ldNg] gb]lvPsf]n] ;f]xL adf]lhd n]vL k7fpg]Æ egL ldlt @)^$.!).@# df g]kfn ;/sf/ -;lrj:t/_ af6 lg0f{o ePsf]5 .
-:yfgLo ljsf; dGqfnosf] ldlt @)^$÷!)÷@$ sf] kl/kq_
-3_ lnË g5'l§Psf aRrfx?sf] hGd btf{ ug]{ ;DaGwdf ePsf] Joj:yf M dlxnf / k'?if b'j}sf] cË ePsf] ;Gtfg hGd]sf] / lrlsT;sx?af6 k|dfl0ft
sfuhftx?df ;d]t b'j} lnË ePsf] eGg] pNn]v ePsf] x'Fbf aRrfsf] hGd btf{ ul/ kfpg / lghsf] kl5 lnË Pp6} dfq sfod x'g uPdf ;f]xL cg';f/ hGd btf{df lnË sfod u/L gfd ;d]t ;+zf]wg ug{ lghn] rfx]df ;f] clwsf/ ;d]t sfod ul/lbg'x'g egL af/f lhNnf aln/fdk'/ ( sf aRrfsf] afa' dbgk|;fb s'dL{n] ldlt @)^$÷#÷$ df :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfnodf lgj]bg lbg' ePsf] / pQm lgj]bg dfly sf/jfxL x'Fbf hGd btf{ ug{ kfpg' afnssf] clwsf/ ePsf] x'gfn] afa'n] ;"rgf kmf/fddf n]lvPsf] gfd /flv lnËsf] xsdf dlxnf / k'?if b'j} cË ePsf] Joxf]/f s}lkmotdf pNn]v u/L hGd btf{ ul/lbg] / cfw'lgs lrlsT;f k4ltjf6 s'g} Pp6f lnË dfq} sfod x'g ;s]sf] v08df ;DalGwt c:ktfn jf :jLs[t lrlsT;ssf] k|df0fkqsf] cfwf/df hGd btf{sf] ljj/0fdf lnË pNn]v ug{ / lnËsf] cfwf/df gfd ;d]t kl/jt{g ug'{kg]{ ePdf
34
gfd ;d]t kl/jt{g ug{ ;Sg] u/L :yfgLo kl~hsflwsf/LnfO{ lgb]{zg lbg] egL g]kfn ;/sf/ -dlGq:t/_ af6 ldlt @)^$÷#÷& df lg0f{o ePsf] 5 .
-:yfgLo ljsf; dGqfnosf] ldlt @)^$÷#÷!) sf] kl/kq_
-ª_ ljb]zdf hGdL afa'sf] kQf gnfu]sf] g]kfnL cfdfaf6 hGd]sf] aRrfsf] hGd btf{ ug]{ ;DaGwdf ePsf] Joj:yfM
sf=d=kf= !( :yfoL 7]ufgf ePsL t'N;L b]jL zfxLsf] 5f]/f /f]lxt zfxLsf] hGd a]lNhoddf ePsf] aRrfsf] afa' afh]sf] gfd 7]ufgf ;d]t yfxf gePsf] cj:yfdf hGd btf{ ug{ ldNg]÷gldNg] ljifodf lgb]{zgsf] nflu dfu eO{ cfPsf] ;Gbe{df cfjZos sf/jfxL eO{ sfg"g tyf Gofo dGqfnosf] /fo dfu ul/Psf]df pQm dGqfnosf] k=;+= )^&÷^*, r=g+= !%, ldlt @)^&÷^÷$ sf] kqaf6 b]xfo cg';f/sf] /fo k|fKt x'g cfPsf]n] hGd btf{ ;DaGwL cfjZos sf/jfxL x'g sf7df8f}+ dxfgu/kflnsfnfO{ n]lv k7fOPsf] .
æhGd, d[To' tyf cGo JolQmut 36gf -btf{ ug]{_ lgodfjnL, @)#$ sf]
cg';"rL–@ cGtu{t aRrfsf] hGd ;DaGwL ;"rgf btf{ u/fpg st{Jo ePsf] JolQmn] eg'{kg]{ kmf/fddf cGo s'/fsf] cltl/Qm aRrfsf] afa' afh]sf] gfd ;d]t pNn]v ug'{kg]{ eP tfklg sltko cj:yfdf gjhft lzz'sf] afa' afh] yfxf gx'g] cj:yf klg ;[hgf x'g ;Sg] ePsf]n] To:tf] cj:yfdf kmf/fddf ;f] ljj/0f pNn]v ug{ g;Sg] l:ylt cfpg ;S5 .
hGd, d[To' tyf cGo JolQmut 36gf -btf{ ug]{_ P]g, @)## sf] bkmf $
adf]lhd :jb]z tyf ljb]z hxfF;'s} hlGdPsf] JolQmsf] g]kfnleq btf{ x'g ;Sg] ePsf]n] aRrf btf{ ;DaGwL kmf/fddf pNn]v ug{ g;lsg] lsl;dsf] s'g} ljj/0f pNn]v gePtfklg ;f] P]g tyf lgodfjnLsf] l/t k'¥ofO{ e/]sf] kmf/fdsf] cfwf/df ljb]zdf hlGdPsf] lzz' sfg"g ;Ddt 9+uaf6 g]kfn k|j]z u/]sf] eP ;f] sf] clen]v :yfgLo kl~hsflwsf/Ln] /fvL To:tf] lzz' ljb]zdf hlGdPsf] s'/f -d'n's, :yfg / hGd ldlt_ :ki6 ?kdf v'nfO{ JolQmut 36gfsf] ;"rgf lbg'kg]{ st{Jo ePsf] JolQmn] lbPsf] ;"rgf adf]lhdsf] ljj/0f ;lxt sfg"g adf]lhd hGd btf{ ug{ gldNg] b]lv+b}g .Æ
-:yfgLo ljsf; dGqfnosf] ldlt @)^&÷^÷!$ sf] kq_
-r_ wd{k'q k'qLsf] hGd btf{ ug]{ ;DaGwdf ePsf] Joj:yfM lrtjg lhNnf, tTsfnLg k~rsGof uf=lj=;=–& 3/ eO{ klZrdf~rn If]qLo
c:ktfndf a]jfl/;] cj:yfdf km]nf k/]sf] gfaflnsfnfO{ dfnkf]t sfof{no sf:sLaf6 wd{k'qL kfl/t u/]sf]n] ;"rs eO{ pQm wd{k'qLsf] hGd btf{ ug{ ldN5 jf ldNb}g egL lgb]{zg dfu eO{ cfPsf] ;Gbe{df sfg"g tyf Gofo dGqfnodf /fo dfu ul/Psf]df æa]jfl/;] gfaflnsfnfO{ lgj]lbsf ;'>L /rgf b]jL u'?Ën] sfg"g adf]lhd wd{k'qL /fv]sf] / To;/L /flvPsf] wd{k'qL g]kfn
35
sfg"g JofVof ;DaGwL P]g, @)!) sf] bkmf @ sf] v08 -d!_ df ePsf] Joj:yf adf]lhd 5f]/L ;/x x'g] b]lvG5 . hGd, d[To' tyf JolQmut 36gf -btf{ ug]{_ P]g, @)## sf] bkmf $ sf] pkbkmf -!_ sf] v08 -s_ df hGdsf] ;"rgf kl/jf/sf] d'Vo JolQmn] :yfgLo kl~hsflwsf/L sfof{nodf lbg ;Sg] Joj:yf u/]sf] / lgh gfaflnsfsf] xsdf lgj]lbsf g} kl/jf/sf] d'Vo JolQm dfGg'kg]{ x'Fbf lgh lgj]lbsfn] lbPsf] ;"rgfsf] cfwf/df To:tf] wd{k'qLsf] hGd btf{ ug{ sfg"gtM afwf x'g] b]lv+b}g .Æ
-:yfgLo ljsf; dGqfnosf] ldlt @)^^÷^÷!$ sf] kl/kq_
-5_ sf/fuf/df /x]sf afnaflnsfsf] hGd btf{ ug]{ ;DaGwdf ePsf] Joj:yfM afnaflnsfsf] hGd btf{ ug]{ ljifo afnclwsf/;Fu ;DalGwt ePsf]n]
sf/fuf/df /x]sf dlxnfaf6 hGd]sf jf cfdf afa' sf/fuf/df /x]sf JolQmsf] ;fydf /x]sf aRrfsf] hGd btf{ x'g g;s]sf] eP ;DalGwt sf/fuf/af6 pQm afnaflnsfx? cfdf jf afa';Fu sf/fuf/df /x]sf] eGg] k|dfl0ft eO{ cfPdf ;f];Fu ;DalGwt sfuhkqx? ;+nUg u/L ;f]xL :yfgsf] :yfgLo kl~hsflwsf/Lsf] sfof{nodf hGd btf{ ug{ kfpg] Joj:yf /x]sf] 5 .
-h_ lj=;+=@)^# ;fndf hGdsf] cfwf/df g]kfnL gful/stf k|df0fkq k|fKt u/]sf
g]kfnL gful/ssf ;Gtfgx?sf] hGd btf{ ug]{ ;DaGwdf /fdu|fd gu/kflnsf cGtu{t a;f]af; ul//x]sf g]kfnL gful/sx?n] @)^#
;fndf hGdsf] cfwf/df g]kfnL gful/stf k|df0fkq k|fKt u/]sf]df To:tf g]kfnL gful/sx?sf] lghx?n] gful/stf k|fKt ug'{eGbf cufj} / 36gf btf{ nfu" x'g'eGbf k5fl8 hGd ePsf / xfn;Dd hGd btf{ gu/fPsf afnaflnsfsf] hGd btf{ u/fpg ldNg] jf gldNg] s] xf] < cfjZos lgb]{zg dfu ePsf] ;DaGwdf g]kfn ;/sf/ -;lrj:t/_ sf] ldlt @)&).!.( df lgDgfg';f/ lg0f{o ePsf]n] lg0f{ofg';f/ ug{ u/fpg x'g cg'/f]w ul/G5 .
-!_ g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^# sf] wf/f * sf] pkwf/f -%_ / g]kfn gful/stf P]g, @)^# sf] bkmf $ adf]lhd hGdsf] cfwf/df @)^# ;fndf g]kfnL gful/stf k|df0fkq k|fKt u/]sf g]kfnL gful/sx?sf] lghx?n] gful/stf k|fKt ug'{eGbf cufj} hGd, d[To' tyf cGo JolQmut 36gf -btf{ ug]{_ P]g, @)## nfu" ePkl5 hGd ePsf / xfn;Dd hGd btf{ gu/fPsf afnaflnsfx?sf] hGd btf{ ug{ ldNg] g} b]lvG5 .
-@_ hGdsf] cfwf/df g]kfnL gful/stf k|df0fkq k|fKt u/]sf JolQmsf] g]kfnL gful/stf k|df0fkq k|fKt ug'{ cufj} hGd]sf ;Gtfgsf] hGd btf{ ubf{ eg]{ hGdsf] ;"rgf kmf/fddf afa' cfdfsf] dxndf s'g ljj/0f pNn]v ug]{ ;DaGwdf gjhft lzz'sf] afa' cfdfn] h'g ljj/0f e/L g]kfnL gful/stf k|df0fkq k|fKt u/]sf 5g\, ;f]xL ljj/0f hGdsf] ;"rgf kmf/fdsf] afa'cfdfsf] dxndf pNn]v ug]{ .
-;ª\3Lo dfldnf tyf :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfnosf] r=g+=*!!, ldlt @)&).!.@@ sf] kl/kq_
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-em_ ljb]zL gful/ssf] hGd btf{ ug]{ ;DaGwdf c:ktfndf hGd]sf aRrfx?sf] xsdf ;DalGwt c:ktfnsf] 8fS6/sf] l;kmfl/z
/ /fli6«otf :ki6 x'g] /fxbfgL jf To:t} s'g} k|df0f / 3/df hGd]sf aRrfsf] xsdf ;DalGwt b]zsf] /fhb"tfjf;÷lgof]usf] l;kmfl/; / /fli6«otf :ki6 x'g] /fxbfgL jf To:t} s'g} k|df0fsf] cfwf/df btf{ u/L k|df0f–kq lbg] / ;DalGwt b]zsf] gfd pNn]v ug]{ .
-`_ z}lIfs k|df0fkqdf hGd ldlt ;Rofpg] ;DaGwdf M k|:t't ljifodf hGd d[To' tyf cGo JolQmut 36gf btf{ ug]{ P]g @)## / ;f]
;DaGwL lgodfjnL @)#$ n] Joj:yf u/] cg';f/ :yfgLo kl~hsflwsf/Lsf] sfof{nojf6 k|bfg ul/g] hGd btf{ k|df0fkq / z}lIfs lgsfo tyf kl/Iff lgoGq0f sfof{nojf6 k|bfg ul/g] k|df0fkqdf hGd ldltdf Ps?ktf sfod ug]{ / hGd ldlt km/s k/]df z}lIfs k|df0fkqdf hGd ldlt ;+zf]wg ug]{ ;DaGwdf lzIff dGqfnodf o; dGqfnosf] k=;+=)^(÷&) r=g+=(#% ldlt @)&)÷@÷@! sf] kqjf6 hfgsf/L pknAw u/fOlbg cg'/f]w ul/ k7fOPsf]df pQm dGqfnosf] k=;+= @)&)÷&! r=g+=!^# ldlt @)&)÷%÷!* sf] kqjf6 ædfWolds lzIff plQ0f{ -P;=Pn=;L_ kl/Iff ;~rfng tyf Joj:yfkg lgb]{lzsf @)^* sf] kl/R5]b–!! cg';f/ dfq hGd ldlt ;DaGwdf clen]v ;Rofpg ldNg] /fo k7fpg] eGg] ldlt @)&)÷%÷!^ df ;lrj:tl/o lg0f{o ePsf] Joxf]/f cg'/f]w ul/G5Æ elg n]lv cfPsf] 5 .
pQm lgb]{lzsf cg';f/ P;=Pn=;L=sf] /lhi6«]zg jf cfj]bg kmf/d ebf{ gfd jf
y/sf] lxHh] jf hGd ldlt km/s kg{ uPdf kl/Iff x'g' cufj} lhNnf lzIff sfof{nosf] l;kmfl/;df kl/Iff lgoGq0f sfof{noaf6 / P;=Pn=;L=sf] z}lIfs k|df0fkqsf] gfd, y/ jf hGd ldltdf ;+zf]wg ug{ k/]df glthf k|sfzg ePsf] ldltn] ^ dlxgf leq k|d'v lhNNff clwsf/L ;dIf lgj]bg lbO{ ;+z]fwg ug]{ lg0f{o ePdf ;DalGwt If]qLo lzIff lgb]{zgfnojf6 clen]v ;+zf]wg ug{ ;lsg] Joj:yf /x]sf] 5 . lj:t[t ljj/0f ;+nUg sfuhftjf6 cWoog ug'{ eO{ hGd btf{ k|df0fkqdf hGd ldlt ;+zf]wgsf] nflu :yfgLo kl~hsflwsf/Ln] cg'dlt dfu ubf{ pQm k|lqmofjf6 ;+zf]wg gx'g] hGd ldlt dfq ;+zf]wg ug{ hGd d[To' tyf cGo JolQmut 36gf btf{ ug]{ P]g @)## / ;f] ;DaGwL lgodfjnL @)#$ n] Joj:yf u/] cg';f/ kl~hsflwsf/L ;dIf lgb]{zg dfu ug]{ Joj:yf x'g lzIff dGqfnojf6 k|fKt dfWolds lzIff plQ0f{ -P;=Pn=;L_ kl/Iff ;~rfng tyf Joj:yfkg lgb]{lzsf @)^* sf] kl/R5]b–!! sf] k|lt o;} ;fy ;+nUg /flv k7fOPsf] .
-;ª\3Lo dfldnf tyf :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfnosf]
ldlt @)&).%.@^ sf] kl/kq_
37
dfWolds lzIff plQ0f{ -P;Pn;L_ k/LIff ;+rfng tyf Joj:yfkg lgb]{lzsf @)^*
kl/R5]b !!
clen]v ;Rofpg]];DjGwL Joj:yf
$%= clen]v ;Rofpg];DaGwL !_ /lhi6«]zg jf cfj]bg kmf/fd ebf{ gfd jf y/sf lxHh] jf hGdldlt km/s kg{
uPdf kl/Iff x'g' eGbf cufj} kl/IffyL{n] ;+;f]wgsf nflu cfjZos k|df0f ;lxt ;DjlGwt ljBfnodf lgj]bg lbO{ lhNnf lzIff sfof{no;d]tsf] l;kmfl/zdf kl/Iff lgoGq0f sfof{nodf lgj]bg lbg'kg]{5 . pQm k|df0fx?sf] cfwf/df sfof{non] k/LIffkmn k|sfzg cufj} clen]v ;+zf]wg ug]{5 .
@_ gfd y/ jf hGdldlt ;+zf]wg ug'{k/]df glthf k|sfzg ePsf] ldltn] ^ dlxgfleq ;Ifd lgsfodf lgj]bg lbO{ Toxfjf6 ;+zf]wgsf] lg0f{o ePdf pQm lg0f{osf] lg0f{o cfwf/df tf]lsPsf] b:t'/ lnO{ ;DjlGwt If]lqo lzIff lgb]{zgfnojf6 clen]v ;+zf]wg ul/g]5 .
o; v08 jdf]lhd gfd y/ jf hGdldlt Psk6s eGbf j9L ;+zf]wg ul/g]5}g . :kli6s/0fM o; v08df ;Ifd lgsfo eGgfn] ;DalGwt lhNnfsf k|d'v lhNnf
clesf/L eGg] a'lemG5 .
#_ v08 -@_ df Psdf h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf eP tfklg cfj]bg jf /lhi6«]zg kmf/fddf e/] cg';f/ gfd jf y/sf] lxHh] jf hGdldlt gldn]df ;Ssn k|j]zkq jf /lhi6«]zgsf cw{s§L;lxt sfof{no jf ;DjlGwt If]lqo lzIff lgb]{zgfnodf lgj]bg lbO{ h'g;'s} ;dodf ;+zf]wg ug{ ;lsg]5 .
$_ k/LIffyL{sf] gfd jf y/ jf hGdldlt jf cGo ljj/0f k'/} jf cf+lzs ?kdf km/s kg{ uPdf k/LIffyL{jf6 cfjZos k|df0f lnO{ sfof{nodf /x]sf] cfj]bg kmf/fd k/LIffyL{sf] b}lgs xflh/L nufotsf k|df0fx? le8fO{ sfof{non] ;+zf]wg ug{ ;Sg]5 .
%_ gfd jf y/df 5kfOsf] sf/0fjf6 dfqf cIf/ 5'6 jf s§L ePdf / cu|]hLdf n]Vbf lxHh]df km/s kg{ uPdf lnË tyf y/ kl/jt{g gx'g] / tflTjs cy{ km/s gkg]{ u/L ;DjlGwt k/LIffyL{af6 cfjZos k|df0f lnO sfof{no jf ;DalGwt If]qLo lzIff lgb]{zgfnon] ;+zf]wg ug{ ;Sg]5 .
^_ b'O{ jf a9L dfs{l;6x? eO{ k/LIff pQL0f{ u/]sf k/LIffyL{x?sf] xsdf Pscsf{;+u gfd jf y/sf] lxHh] jf hGd ldltnufotsf ljj/0f km/s kg{ uPdf ;DalGwt If]qLo lzIff lgb]{zgfnon] s'g} Pp6f;+u Ps?ktf sfod ug{ csf]{df ;+zf]wg ug{ ;Sg]5 .
&_ s'g} k/LIfyL{n] ;'? gfd / aLr gfd hf]8\g jf 5'6ofpg cyjf ;+If]kLs[t zAbdf yf]Knf] /fVg jf x6fpg dfu u/]df lgh;+u cfjZos k|df0f lnO{ sfof{no jf ;DalGwt If]qLo lzIff lgb]{zgfnon] dfu jdf]lhd ug{ ;Sg]5 .
38
:ki6Ls/0fM v08 % / & sf] k|of]hgsf nflu cfjZos k|df0f eGgfn] g]kfn ;/sf/ jf g]kfn ;/sf/af6 dfGotf k|fKt cflwsfl/s lgsfo jf s"6gLlts lgsfojf6 hf/L ePsf k|df0fkq jf sfuhft eGg] a'lemG5 . -pbfx/0fsf nflu gful/stfsf] k|df0fkq, dflyNnf z}lIfs of]Uotfsf] k|df0fkq lhNnf lzIff sfof{nosf] l;kmfl/; cflb . *_ dfs{n]h/df ljj/0f k|dfl0ft u/fpg] ;+zf]wg eP kZrft sfod ePsf
ljj/0f clgjfo{ ?kdf dfs{n]h/df clws[t sd{rf/L4f/f n]vfO{ k|dfl0ft u/fO{ /fVg'kg]{5 .
-6_ jfj'–cfdf gePsf JolQmsf] kfngkf]if0f ug]{ JolQm ;"rs aGg] ;DaGwdf M k|:t't ljifodf lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltsf] sfof{no eQmk'/sf] k=;+=)^(÷&) r=g+= @#!* ldlt @)&)÷#÷@$ sf] kq / vFfbjf/L gu/kflnsfsf] sfof{no ;+v'jf;efsf] k=;+=)^(÷&) r=g+=%)*! ldlt @)&)÷#÷!$ sf] kqsf] ;Gbe{df n]lvb}+5 . ;f] ;DaGwdf s6'Gh]–& eQmk'/ lgjf;L eQm jxfb'/ cR5fdLn] ef~hf j'n]6 cR5fdLsf] jfj' cfdf sf]xL gePsf] x'Fbf kfng kf]if0f u/]s]f / dfdfn] hGd btf{ ug{sf] nflu ;"rs jGg kfpg] jf gkfpg] ;DaGwdf lgb]{zg dfu u/]sf] ;fy} vfFbjf/L g=kf=–!# j:g] 6]s jxfb'/ blh{n] ;fnLsf] 5f]/f ;GbLk bhL{ -jfj'sf] kQf gnfu]sf]_ nfO{ kfngkf]if0f ul/ /fv]sf] / ;GbLk bhL{sf] cfdfsf] ;d]t d[To' eO;s]s]f cj:yfdf ;"rs jGgsf] nflu dfu u/]sf]df hGd btf{ ug{ kfngkf]if0f ug]{ dfdf / 7"nf] a'af gftf kg]{ JolQm hGd,d[To' tyf cGo JolQmut 36gf -btf{ ug]{_ P]g, @)## sf] bkmf $ cg';f/ ;"rs jGg ;Sg] jf g;Sg] ljifodf lgb]{zg dfu ePsf] ;Gbe{df sf/jfxL x'Fbf o; dGqfnosf] ldlt @)&)÷$÷@! sf] lg0f{o cg';f/ æhGd, d[To' tyf cGo JolQmut 36gf -btf{ ug]{ _ P]g, @)## sf] bkmf $ sf] pkbkmf -!_ sf] v08 -s_ n] hGd / d[To'sf] ;"rgf kl/jf/sf] d'Vo JolQmn] / lghsf] cg'kl:yltdf kl/jf/sf] pd]/ k'u]sf] JolQmn] lbg'kg]{ Joj:yf u/]sf] tyf ;f]xL bkmfsf] pkbkmf -$_ df hGd / d[To'sf] ;"rgf lbg'kg]{ st{Jo ePsf] JolQm gePsf] cj:yfdf g]kfn ;/sf/n] g]kfn /fhkqdf ;"rgf k|sflzt u/L tf]s]sf] JolQmn] bkmf -$_ sf] pkbkmf -!_ sf] v08 -s_ adf]lhdsf] ;"rgf lbg'kg]{ Joj:yf eP adf]lhd g]kfn ;/sf/n] ldlt @)%(÷!!÷@^ df g]kfn /fhkqdf ;"rgf k|sflzt u/L uf=lj=;=sf] If]qleqsf] JolQmsf] xsdf ;DalGwt j8f ;b:osf] l;kmfl/zsf] cfwf/df ;DalGwt uf=lj=;=sf] cWoIf jf pkfWoIf / lghx?sf] kb l/Qm ePsf] cj:yfdf ufpF ljsf; ;ldltsf] ;lrj / gu/kflnsfsf] If]qleqsf] JolQmsf] xsdf ;DalGwt j8f ;b:osf] l;kmfl/zsf] cfwf/df ;DalGwt gu/kflnsfsf] k|d'v jf pkk|d'v / lghx?sf] kb l/Qm ePsf] cj:yfdf ;DalGwt j8f ;lrjsf] l;kmfl/zsf] cfwf/df sfo{sf/L clws[t / j8f ;lrjsf] Joj:yf gePsf] gu/kflnsfsf] xsdf sfo{sf/L clws[tnfO{ ;"rs tf]s]sf] b]lvG5 . pQm ;"rgfn] afa' kQf gnfu]sf] / cfdfsf] d[To' eO{ gft]bf/ nufotn] kfngkf]if0f ul//x]sf afnsx?sf] hGd btf{nfO{ ;d]t ;Daf]wg ug]{ g} b]lvPsf] / pQm ;"rgfnfO{ cGoyf eGg kg]{ cj:yf ;d]t gb]lvPsf] ;Gbe{df k'gM csf]{ Joj:yf ul//xg kg]{ gb]lv+bf ldlt )%(÷!!÷@^ sf] ;"rgf
39
adf]lhd g} ug{ u/fpg pko'Qm x'g]Æ . eGg] lg0f{o ePsf]n] cfjZos sf/jfxLsf] nflu lg0f{ocg';f/ cg'/f]w ul/Psf] .
-;ª\3Lo dfldnf tyf :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfnosf] ldlt @)&).$.@& sf] kl/kq_
@= d[To' btf{ ;DaGwL -s_ d[To' btf{sf] ;"rgf ljjflxt 5f]/Ln] klg lbg ;Sg] u/L ePsf] Joj:yfM g]kfn ;/sf/n] hGd, d[To' tyf cGo JolQmut 36gf -btf{ ug]{_ P]g, @)##
sf] bkmf $ sf] pkbkmf -$_ n] lbPsf] clwsf/ k|of]u u/L ;f]xL bkmfsf] v08 -s_ adf]lhd cfdf jf afa'sf] d[To' ePsf] ;"rgf lbg] st{Jo ePsf] JolQm gePsf] cj:yfdf ljjflxt 5f]/Ln] klg To:tf] ;"rgf lbg ;Sg] u/L tf]s]sf]n] g]kfn /fhkqdf ;"rgf k|sflzt ul/Psf] .
-g]kfn /fhkq, efu % ldlt @)^&.!).!) df k|sflzt :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfnosf] ;"rgf_
-v_ sd{rf/L sfo{/t ePsf] lhNnfdf d[To' ePdf d[To' btf{ ;DaGwdf ul/Psf] Joj:yfM
æcGo lhNnfaf6 cfO{ sfo{/t /x]sf] sd{rf/Lsf] sfo{/t /x]sf] 7fpFmdf lgwg x'g uPdf ;DalGwt sfof{non] k|dfl0ft u/L lbPsf] cfwf/df lghsf] >Ldfg\÷>LdtLn] jf kl/jf/sf cGo ;b:on] ;"rs eO{ b/vf:t u/]df JolQmut 36gfx? btf{ ul/lbg] . d[tssf] :yfoL a;f]af; u/]sf] gu/kflnsf jf ufpFm ljsf; ;ldltdf ;a} ljj/0f vf]nL hfgsf/L lbg'kg]{5, hfgsf/L k|fKt ug]{ :yfgLo kl~hsflwsf/Ln] klg /]s8{ /flv ;f] sf] hfgsf/L o; dGqfnodf k7fO{lbg]Æ .
-:yfgLo ljsf; dGqfnosf] ldlt @)%(÷^÷@# sf] kl/kq_
-u_ ljb]zL gful/ssf] d[To' btf{ ug]{ ;DaGwdf s= c:ktfn jf k|x/L k|ltj]bg, v= ;DalGwt b]zsf] /fhb"tfjf;sf] l;kmfl/; jf s'g} sfof{no jf of]hgfdf
sfo{/t /x]sf] eP k|d'vsf] l/tk"j{ssf] kq .
dfly plNnlvt k|df0fx? k]z u/L 36gf 36]sf] ufpF ljsf; ;ldlt jf gu/kflnsfdf 36gf btf{ ug{ ;lsg]5 .
u= ljz]if kl/l:yltdf 36\g uPsf 36gf :yfg cg';f/ btf{ ug{ c;'ljwf kg{ cfPdf sf7df8f}+ dxfgu/kflnsf :yfgLo kl~hsflwsf/Lsf] sfof{nodf btf{ ug{ ;lsg]5 .
-3_ d[To" btf{ k|dfkqdf :yfgLo lgsfosf kbflwsf/L ;'rs al;lbg] ;DaGwdf M k|:t't ljifodf sf7df8f}+ lhNnf sf=d=kf= @$ j8fsf lgj]lbsf OZj/L >]i7sf]
km"km" gftf kg]{ zf/bf b]jL >]i7sf] d[To" btf{ k|df0f kq dfu ePsf] ljifodf d[tssf] glhssf] gft]bf/ sf]xL gePsf] cj:yfdf dfq sf7df8f}+ d=kf= k|d"v tyf sfo{sf/L clws[t ;"rs j:g] Joj:yf ePsf]n] klbo bfloTj lgjf{x ubf{ gful/stf g+= pNn]=v u/L NofKr] ;lx5fk ug{ pko"Qm gx'g] Joxf]/f ;+3Lo dfldnf tyf :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfnodf n]vL k7fpg] elg sf=d=kf=sf] ldlt
40
@)&).!.!# df lg0f{o eO{ cfPsf] kqsf] ;Gbe{df ;+3Lo dfldnf tyf :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfnojf6 cfjZos sf/jfxL x'Fbf ldlt @)&).@.@) df dGqfnojf6 lgDgfg';f/ lg0f{o ePsf]n] hfgsf/Lsf] nflu cg'/f]w 5 .
!_ hGd, d[To" tyf JolQmut 36gf -btf{ ug]{_ P]g, @)## sf] bkmf $ sf] pkbkmf -$_ df hGd tyf d[To"sf] ;"rgf lbg'kg]{ st{Jo ePsf] JolQm gePsf] cj:yfdf g]kfn ;/sf/n] g]kfn /fhkqdf ;"rgf k|sflzt u/L tf]s]sf] JolQmn] hGd tyf d[To"sf] ;"rgf lbg'kg]{ Joj:yf eP adf]lhd g]kfn ;/sf/jf6 ldlt @)%(.!!.@^ df g]kfn /fhkqdf ;"rgf k|slzt u/L ufpF ljsf; ;ldltsf] xsdf ufpF ljsf; ;ldltsf] cWoIf jf pkfWoIf / lghx?sf] kb l/Qm ePsf] cj:yfdf ufpF ljsf; ;ldltsf] ;lrj / gu/kflnsfsf] xsdf gu/kflnsfsf] k|d"v jf pkk|d'v / lghx?sf] kb l/Qm ePsf] cj:yfdf sfo{sf/L clws[tnfO{ ;"rs tf]s]sf] b]lvG5 .
@_ hGd, d[To" tyf cGo JolQmut 36gf -btf{ ug]{_ lgodfjnL, @)#$ sf] cg';"rL–@ / # n] qmdzM hGd tyf d[To"sf] ;"rgf kmf/fdsf] 9fFrf tf]s]sf] / pQm 9fFrfdf ;"rssf] gfd y/, 7]ufgf gful/stf k|df0fkq gDj/, gful/stf k|df0fkq hf/L ePsf] ldlt / lhNnf pNn]v ug'{kgf{sf] ;fy} bfofF afFof cf}+7fsf] NofKr] 5fk ;d]t nufpg'' kg]{ b]lvG5 . g]kfn ;/sf/sf] plNnlvt ;"rgfg';f/ ;fj{hlgs kbdf axfn /x]sf] JolQm hGd / d[To"sf] ;"rs jGg' kg]{ cj:yfdf hGd / d[To"sf] ;"rgf kmf/fddf lghsf] gfd y/, kb, b:tvt, ldlt / sfof{nosf] 5fk nufpFbf Tof] k|ofKt x'g] eO{ Jojxfl/s ;d]t x'g] b]lvPsf] ;Gbe{df lghx?sf] xsdf gfd y/, kb, b:tvt / ldlt pNn]v u/L sfof{nosf] 5fk nufpg] .
-;ª\3Lo dfldnf tyf :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfnosf] ldlt @)&).@.@@ sf] kl/kq_
#= ljjfx btf{ ;DaGwL
-s_ ljb]zL gful/s / g]kfnL gful/s aLr ePsf] ljjfxsf] btf{ ;DaGwdf ePsf] Joj:yfM
-!_ g]kfnL gful/s / ljb]zL gful/ssf aLrsf] ljjfx btf{sf nflu :yfgLo kl~hsflwsf/L sxfF lgj]bg k]z x'g cfPdf ljjfx btf{ clwsf/L k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/L jf sfg"gn] tf]s]sf] clwsf/Låf/f k|bQ k|df0f–kqsf] cfwf/df dfq :yfgLo kl~hsflwsf/Ln] ljjfx btf{ u/L k|df0f–kq lbg] Joj:yf g]kfn ;/sf/af6 lg0f{o ePsf] x'Fbf ;f]xL cg';f/ ug'{, u/fpg' kg]{ .
-u[x dGqfnosf] ldlt @)$(÷!!÷@* sf] kl/kq_
-@_ ljb]zLx?;Fu ePsf] ljjfxsf] xsdf ljjfx btf{ ug]{ clwsf/Låf/f k|bQ ljjfx btf{ k|df0f–kqsf] cfwf/df dfq JolQmut 36gf btf{ ug]{ u/L g]kfn ;/sf/ -dlGq:t/_ sf] ldlt @)$(÷(÷!) sf] lg0f{ofg';f/ ut jif{ @)$( ;fnsf] kf}if dlxgfdf tTsfn o; dGqfnosf] kl~hs/0f dxfzfvfaf6 ;a} lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{nox?df kl/kq ePsf] .
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pQm ldlt @)$(÷(÷!) sf] lg0f{o le;f lbg] k|of]hgsf nflu ePsf]n] g]kfnL k'?if;Fu ef/tLo dlxnfsf] ljjfx ePdf JolQmut 36gf btf{ ug{nfO{ pQm kl/kqn] afwf k'¥ofPsf] gdflgg] u/L g]kfn ;/sf/ -dlGq:t/_ af6 ldlt @)%)÷$÷!& df lg0f{o ePsf] .
-u[x dGqfnosf] ldlt @)%)÷$÷@% sf] kl/kq_
-#_ g]kfnL gful/s / ljb]zL gful/s aLrsf] ljjfx btf{sf nflu :yfgLo kl~hsflwsf/L sxfF lgj]bg k]z x'g cfPdf ljjfx btf{ clwsf/L -k|=lh=c=_ åf/f k|bQ k|df0f–kqsf] cfwf/df dfq :yfgLo kl~hsflwsf/Ln] ljjfx btf{ u/L k|df0f–kq lbg] Joj:yf ug]{ ;DaGwdf g]kfn ;/sf/sf] lg0f{o eO{ tTsflng kl~hs/0f dxfzfvfaf6 ;a} lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{nox?df ldlt @)$(÷!!÷@* df kl/kq ePsf] .
pQm lg0f{o k|j]zf1f -le;f_ lbg] k|of]hgsf] lgldQ ePsf] x'Fbf g]kfnL k'?if;Fu ef/tLo dlxnfsf] ljjfx ePdf JolQmut 36gf btf{ ug{nfO{ pQm kl/kqn] afwf k'¥ofPsf] gdflgg] egL g]kfn ;/sf/n] ldlt @)%)÷$÷!& df lg0f{o u/]sf] Joxf]/f u[x dGqfno, gf= tyf c= dxfzfvfsf] ldlt @)%)÷$÷@% sf] kqåf/f n]lv cfPsf] .
-:yfgLo ljsf; dGqfnosf] ldlt @)%)÷!!÷!^ sf] kl/kq_
-v_ ax'ljjfx, cgd]n tyf afn ljjfx btf{ ug]{ ;DaGwdf ePsf] Joj:yfM ax'ljjfx cgd]n tyf afn ljjfx u/]sf] ;f] ljjfx btf{ ug{ ldN5, ldNb}g
eGg] ;Gbe{df sfg"g tyf Gofo dGqfno;Fu /fo dfu ubf{ æhGd, d[To' tyf cGo JolQmut 36gf -btf{ ug]{_ P]g, @)## sf] d'Vo p2]Zo g} hGd, d[To', ljjfx, ;DaGw ljR5]b, a;fO{ ;/fO{ h:tf ljleGg 36gfx? btf{;Dd u/L tt\ ;DaGwL k|df0f–kq ljt/0f ug]{ /x]sf]n] To:tf 36gfx? btf{ u/fO{ dfUg cfPdf :yfgLo kl~hsflwsf/Ln] ;f]xL P]gsf] bkmf % cg';f/ cfjZos sfuhftx? x]/L k|fKt ;"rgfnfO{ btf{ ul/lbg'kg]{ sfg"gL Joj:yf /x]sf]n] o;/L pQm P]gsf] bkmf % cg';f/sf] k|lqmof gk'u]sf] s'/fdf x]g]{ afx]s ;f] P]g cg';f/ JolQmut 36gf btf{ ubf{ To:tf 36gfx? b08gLo x'g jf xf]Ogg\ egL lg0f{o ug{ kfpg] u/L btf{ ug]{ lgsfo jf clwsf/LnfO{ clwsf/ k|bfg u/]sf] gb]lvPsf] / To:tf] 36gf b08gLo g} ePsf] cj:yfdf klg ;f]xL sf/0fn] dfq k|:t't ljjfx k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd ab/ x'g] gb]lvPsf] x'Fbf ;f] P]g cg';f/ btf{ x'g'kg]{ 36gfx?sf] btf{ ug]{ / k|df0f–kq lbg] ;Ddsf] st{Jo :yfgLo kl~hsflwsf/Lsf] /x]sf]Æ eGg] Joxf]/fsf] /fo pQm dGqfnosf] k=;+= /fo @@.!%).)%$.%%, r=g+= ^, ldlt @)%$÷!@÷@) sf] kqaf6 n]lv cfPsf]n] ;f]xL cg';f/ ug'{, u/fpg' kg]{ .
-:yfgLo ljsf; dGqfnosf] ldlt @)%%÷!÷@@ sf] kl/kq_
-u_ j]kQf ePsf gful/ssf] ljjfx btf{ ug]{ ;DaGwdf ePsf] Joj:yfM dxfb]j:yfg ufpFm ljsf; ;ldlt, j8f g+= & sf7df8f+} a:g] sdnf yfG;'xfËn]
ldlt @)%&÷!÷!) df lgZrn gsdL{;Fu ljjfx ePsf] t/ :yfgLo
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kl~hsflwsf/Lsf] sfof{nodf ljjfx btf{ geO{;s]sf] cj:yfdf g} klg lgZrn gsdL{nfO{ /fHoåf/f j]kQf kfl/Psf] x'Fbf >Ldfg\sf] cg'kl:yltdf PSn} ljjfx btf{ u/L kfpg :yfgLo kl~hsflwsf/Lsf] sfof{no, dxfb]j:yfg uf=lj=;=df lgj]bg btf{ ug'{ ePsf] / pQm kl~hsflwsf/Lsf] sfof{noaf6 /fHoåf/f j]kQf kfl/Psf gful/sx?sf] ljjfx btf{ u/fpgsf] nflu lgb]{zg dfu u/L o; dGqfnodf kq k7fPsf]df sf/jfxL x'Fbf /fHoåf/f jf cGo ;+3 ;+u7gx?af6 j]kQf kfl/Psf gful/sx?sf] xsdf ljjfx btf{ u/fpFbf b]xfosf] k|s[of k'¥ofO{ klt jf kTgLdWo] s'g} Ps kIf pkl:yt eO{ ljjfx btf{ u/fpg ;Sg] u/L :yfgLo kl~hsflwsf/Lx?nfO{ lgb]{zg lbg] u/L g]kfn ;/sf/ -;lrj:t/_ af6 ldlt @)^$÷^÷@* df lg0f{o ePsf] .
-!_ /fHoåf/f jf cGo ;+3 ;+u7gåf/f jf cGo s'g} ;d"xåf/f j]kQf kfl/Psf] JolQmsf] j}jflxs ;DaGw ePsf] eGg] ljifodf :yfgLo 7]ufgfdf -;"rs a;f]af; ug]{ j8f_ gf=k|=k=g+=, hf/L ldlt / hf/L ePsf] lhNnf ;d]tsf] ljj/0f v'n]sf] sDtLdf % hgfsf] ;h{ldg d''rNsf / j]kQf kfl/Psf jf ePsf k'?ifsf] >LdtL ;"rs ePsf] cj:yfdf pQm d'r'Nsfdf lgh ;"rssf ;f;' jf ;;'/f jf b]j/ jf h]7fh' ePdf lghx?dWo] ! hgf pQm ;h{ldg d'r'Nsfdf ;dfj]z ug]{ .
-@_ /fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]u jf g]kfn ;/sf/ u[x dGqfno jf lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{noaf6 j]kQf kfl/Psf] eGg] k|df0fsf] sfuhftx? ;dfj]z x'g'kg]{ .
-3_ kltn] ljjfx btf{ ug{ O{Gsf/ u/]df ljjfx btf{sf] nflu ul/Psf] cj:yf M df]/Ë lhNnf, sbdfx uf=lj=;=, j8f g+= * a:g] z'lznf d08nn] ldlt @)^).!.! df o; sfof{nodf lgj]bg k]z ug'{ eP cg';f/ lghsf klt k|sfz d08nn] lgh lgj]bsnfO{ vfg nfpg glbO{ s'6lk6 u/L 3/af6 lgsfnf ul/ lbPsf] / lgh >Ldfg\ >LdtLaf6 lgd{nf d08n ugufO{ gfdsL 5f]/Lsf] hGd eO{ :yfgLo kl~hsflwsf/Lsf] sfof{no sbdfxaf6 hGd btf{ ;d]t eO{;s]sf] . lgh lgj]bs z'lznf d08nn] vfg nfpg lbnfO{ kfpF egL df]/Ë lhNnf cbfntdf d'2f bfo/ ubf{ ;f] cbfntaf6 lgh k|sfz d08nn] lgh lgj]bsnfO{ >LdtL gftf sfod u/L vfg nufpg afkt jflif{s ?= *,))).– lbg] u/L km};nf ;d]t ePsf] ;+nUg sfuhftaf6 b]lvPsf] / ;f]xL d'2fdf ljkIfL k|sfz d08n ugufO{ ;d]t eO{ pQm km};nf pk/ k'g/fj]bg k/L k'g/fj]bg cbfntaf6 klg z'? cbfnts} km};nfnfO{ ;b/ u/]sf] ;Ssn sfuh k|df0fx?af6 b]lvG5 . lgh z'lznf d08n / k|sfz d08nsf] ljjfx btf{ u/fpg] l;nl;nfdf PstkmL{ z'lznf d08nsf] dfq lgj]bgsf cfwf/df lajfx btf{ k|df0f–kq lbg ldNg] xf], xf]O{g ;f] ;DaGwdf lgb]{zg kfpg cg'/f]w eO{ cfPsf] ljifodf k]z x'Fbf k|sfz d08n ugufO{ / z'lznf d08n ugufO{sf] 5f]/L lgd{nf d08n ugufO{sf] ldlt )%$.$.!) df hGd ePsf] egL hGd btf{ k|df0f–kq lbO{ ;lsPsfn] pQm k|df0f–kqn] z'lznf d08n ugufO{sf] klt k|sfz d08n ugufO{ xf] eGg] k'i6L ePsf] / ;Ddflgt k'g/fj]bg cbfntaf6 ;d]t gftf sfod ul/;s]sf] cj:yfdf ;f] ;d]tnfO{
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cfwf/ lnO{ s}lkmot hgfO{ z'lznf d08n ugufO{sf] lgj]bgsf] cfwf/df ljjfx btf{ ul/ lbg] ul/ ldlt @)^).!.@% sf] lg0f{o ePsf] .
-:yfgLo ljsf; dGqfnosf] ldlt @)^)÷!÷#) sf] kl/kq_
-ª_ ljb]zL gful/ssf] ljjfx btf{ ug]{ ;DaGwdf ljjfx ug]{ kIf g]kfnL s]6f cyjf s]6L / ljb]zL s]6f cyjf s]6L ePdf
ljb]zL kIfsf] kf;kf]6{sf] k|ltlnkL / g]kfnL kIfsf] gful/stf k|df0f–kqsf] k|ltlnlk tyf ljjfx btf{ P]g, @)@* cg';f/ ljjfx btf{sf] k|df0f–kq k|fKt u/]sf] cfwf/df . t/ g]kfnL k'?if / ef/tLo dlxnfsf] aLrsf] ljjfxsf] 36gf btf{ ug{ ljjfx btf{ P]g, @)@* cg';f/sf] ljjfx btf{ k|df0f–kq / kf;kf]6{ cfjZos gkg]{ .
$= ;DaGw ljR5]b ;DaGwL -s_ ljb]zL cbfntaf6 ;DaGw ljR5]b ePsf] cfwf/df ;DaGw ljR5]bsf] btf{ ug]{
;DaGwdf ePsf] Joj:yfM ;"rs >L :j]tf s'Fj/n] k]z ug'{ ePsf] ;DaGw ljR5]bsf] ;"rgf kmf/fd
cg';f/ Zj]tf s'jF/ / Hof]tLk|;fb lwtfnsf] aLrdf ldlt @)^)÷!)÷@& df ljjfx ePsf] / District Court Dougles County, Colorado df @@ hgj/L @))( df ;DaGw ljR5]b ePsf]df ljb]zL cbfntsf] cfb]z cg';f/ ePsf] ;DaGw ljR5]bsf] 36gf btf{ ug{ ldNg] jf gldNg] egL lgb]{zg dfu eO{ cfPsf] ;Gbe{df cfjZos sf/jfxL x'Fbf hGd, d[To' tyf cGo JolQmut 36gf -btf{ ug]{_ P]g, @)## sf] bkmf $ sf] pkbkmf -@_ df æJolQmut 36gf g]kfn /fHoaflx/ 36]sf] eP pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd ;f] 36gfsf] ;"rgf lbg'kg]{ st{Jo ePsf] JolQm g]kfn /fHodf cfPkl5 lghn] ;f7L lbgleq ;"rgf lbg'kg]{5Æ egL pNn]v ePsf] / æ/fHo aflx/Æ eGgfn] ljb]z hgfpg] x'Fbf g]kfn;Fu bf}To ;DaGw sfod ePsf d'n'ssf cbfntn] u/]sf] ;DaGw ljR5]bsf] km};nfnfO{ cfwf/ dflg hGd, d[To' tyf cGo JolQmut 36gf -btf{ ug]{_ P]g, @)## sf] bkmf % sf] pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd :yfgLo kl~hsflwsf/Ln] 36gf btf{ u/L ;DalGwtnfO{ k|df0f–kq lbg ;lsg] egL g]kfn ;/sf/ -;lrj:t/_ af6 ldlt @)^^÷*÷$ df lg0f{o ePsf] .
-v_ ;DaGw ljR5]bsf] 36gf btf{ ug]{ :yfgsf] ;DaGwdf ePsf] Joj:yfM sf=d=kf= #) df 8]/f u/L a:g] >LdtL h'gf /fpt -sfsL{_ / sLlt{k'/ g=kf=,
j8f g+= @ 8]/f u/L a:g] /d]z sfsL{ aLr ePsf] ;DaGw ljR5]bsf] 36gf btf{ ug]{ :yfgsf] ;DaGwdf cfjZos sf/jfxLsf] nflu k]z ePsf]df eO{ cfPsf] gLlt lgb]{zg cg'?k ug]{ u/fpg] u/L k7fpg] eGg] lg0f{o ePsf] x'Fbf u[x dGqfnosf] r=g+= !!!, ldlt )$&÷%÷!# sf] kqaf6 æufpFm ;ldlt jf gu/kflnsfsf] If]qsf] 7]ufgf -jtg_ /flv gful/stf lnPsf] JolQmn] 36gf btf{ u/fpg cfPdf h'g ufpFm ljsf; ;ldlt jf gu/kflnsfdf :yfoL a;f]af; u/L cfPsf] xf] ;f]xL ufpFm ljsf; ;ldlt jf gu/kflnsfdf 36gf btf{ u/fpg' kb{5 .Æ egL ;a} lh=lj=;=x?df kl/kq eO{;s]sf] tyf r=g+= @^&, ldlt @)%(÷!)÷!# sf] kqaf6 o; dGqfnoaf6 æ;DaGw ljR5]b 36gf
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btf{ ug]{ af/] cbfntsf] km};nfsf] cfwf/df k'?iftkm{sf] :yfoL 7]ufgf ePsf] uf=lj=;=÷g=kf= df pQm 36gf btf{ ug]{Æ egL :ki6 u/L k7fOPsf] .
-:yfgLo ljsf; dGqfnosf] ldlt @)^!÷$÷!@ sf] kq_
-u_ ;DaGw ljR5]bsf] 36gf btf{ ug]{ cjwL / b:t'/ hl/jfgf ;DaGwdf ePsf] Joj:yfM
sf=d=kf=@( a:g] cg'ks'df/ l;+x / ;kgf l;+x aLr ;DaGw ljR5]b ;DaGwL sf/jfxLdf sf7df8f}+ lhNnf cbfntsf] ldlt @)^).!!.!$ sf] k}m;nf adf]lhd #% lbgleq k'g/fj]bg hfg] egL lbPsf] cfb]z cg';f/ pQm 36gf btf{ ug{ ldNg] jf gldNg] egL lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltsf] sfof{no sf7df8f}+af6 ldlt @)^).!@.$ sf] kqaf6 lgb]{zgsf] nflu dfu ePsf]df æhGd, d[To' tyf cGo JolQmut 36gf -btf{ ug]{_ P]g, @)## sf] bkmf % sf] pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd cbfntsf] k}m;nf ;d]t x]/L, k'g/fj]bgsf] Dofb kv{g kg]{ Joj:yf sfg'gdf ePsf] kfOPg / To;}u/L b:t'/ gnfUg] eGg] klg Joj:yf gePsf]n] cbfntaf6 k}m;nf ePsf] ldltnfO{ 36gf 36]sf] ldlt dfgL #% lbgleq lgMz'Ns / #% lbgk5L lgodfg';f/sf] b:t'/ lnO{ 36gf btf{ ug{ ;lsg] egL ldlt @)^).!@.!! df lg0f{o ePsf]n] lg0f{o cg';f/ ug'{ x'gÆ lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltsf] sfof{no sf7df8f+}nfO{ lgb]{zg lbO{ k7fOPsf] .
-:yfgLo ljsf; dGqfnosf] ldlt @)^)÷!@÷!! sf] kq_
%= a;fO{+ ;/fO{ btf{ ;DaGwL -s_ a;fO{ ;/fO{ btf{ / c:yfoL a;f]af; u/]sf JolQmx?sf] JolQmut 36gf btf{
;DaGwdf ul/Psf] Joj:yf M JolQmut 36gf btf{ ug]{ P]g, @)## sf] bkmf @ -v_ cg';f/ a;fO{ ;/fO{
eGgfn] æ^ dlxgfeGbf a9L cjlwsf] nflu g]kfn clw/fHoleq Ps ufpFm ljsf; ;ldlt jf gu/kflnsf If]qaf6 csf]{ ufpFm ljsf; ;ldlt jf gu/kflnsf If]qdf jf ljb]zdf a;fO{ ;/L hfg] jf ljb]zaf6 a;fO{ ;/L cfpg] sfo{nfO{ ;D´g' k5{Æ egL a;fO{ ;/fO{sf] kl/efiff u/]sf] 5 . ;fy} pQm P]gdf s'g} Ps 7fpFaf6 csf]{ 7fpFdf a;fO{ ;/fO{ u/L hfgsf] nflu 3/hUuf nufotsf crn ;DklQ g} ePsf] x'g'kg]{ st} pNn]v ePsf] b]lvFb}g . ctM cfˆgf] If]qdf 36]sf 36gf btf{ ug'{kg]{ st{Jo :yfgLo kl~hsflwsf/Lsf] ePsf] x'Fbf ToxfFaf6 lgb]{zg dfu ePsf] ;DaGwdf b]xfo cg';f/ 36gf btf{ ul/lbg] Joj:yf 5 .
-!_ cGoq lhNnfaf6 a;fO{ ;/fO{ btf{ k|df0f–kq lnP/ cfPsf / :yfoL 3/hUuf geO{ c:yfoL ?kdf a;f]af; ul//x]sfx?sf] xsdf ;DalGwt uf=lj=;=÷g=kf=n] cfˆgf] If]qdf To:tf c:yfoL a;f]af; u/]sf kl/jf/x?sf] nut /flv cGoq lhNnfaf6 NofPsf] a;fO{ ;/fO{ btf{ k|df0f–kq / gful/stfsf] cflwsfl/stf PsLg u/L g]kfnL gful/s 7xl/Pdf ltgLx?sf] JolQmut 36gf btf{ ul/lbg] .
-@_ ljleGg sf/0faf6 cGoq lhNnfaf6 To; lhNnfsf] uf=lj=;=÷g=kf= If]qdf c:yfoL a;f]af; u/L a;]sf g]kfnL gful/sx?sf] xsdf gful/kflnsf÷
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uf=lj=;=:t/df nut sfod u/L To:tf kl/jf/sf afnaflnsfx?sf] hGd btf{ ul/lbg] .
-:yfgLo ljsf; dGqfnosf] ldlt @)^#÷$÷@^ sf] kl/kq_
^= ljljw -s_ axfnjfnf sd{rf/Lsf] JolQmut 36gf btf{ ug]{ ;DaGwdf ePsf] Joj:yf M -!_ æcGoq lhNnfaf6 cfPsf sd{rf/Lx?sf] JolQmut 36gf btf{ ;DaGwdf
sd{rf/L cfk'm axfn /x]sf] lhNnfdf a;f]af; u/]sf] gu/kflnsf jf ufpFm ljsf; ;ldltdf 36gf btf{ ug{ ;lsg]5 . t/ lghsf] :yfoL a;f]af; u/]sf] gu/kflnsf jf ufpFm ljsf; ;ldltdf ;a} ljj/0f vf]nL hfgsf/L lbg'kg]{5, o;/L hfgsf/L k|fKt ug]{ :yfgLo kl~hsflwsf/Ln] klg /]s8{ /flv ;f] sf] hfgsf/L o; kl~hs/0f dxfzfvfdf lbg'kg]{5Æ egL u[x dGqfnoaf6 r=g+= !!!, ldlt @)$&÷%÷!# df &% j6} lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{nox?df kl/kq eO{;s]sf]n] ;f]xL cg';f/ u/L o; dGqfnnonfO{ hfgsf/L k7fO{lbg] .
-@_ æcGo lhNnfaf6 cfO{ sfo{/t /x]sf] sd{rf/Lsf] sfo{/t /x]sf] 7fpFdf lgwg x'g uPdf ;DalGwt sfof{non] k|dfl0ft ul/lbPsf] cfwf/df lghsf] >Ldfg÷>LdtLn] jf kl/jf/sf cGo ;b:on] ;"rs eO{ b/vf:t u/]df JolQmut 36gfx? btf{ ul/lbg] . d[tssf] :yfoL a;f]af; u/]sf] gu/kflnsf jf ufpFm ljsf; ;ldltdf ;a} ljj/0f vf]nL hfgsf/L lbg'kg]{5, hfgsf/L k|fKt ug]{ :yfgLo kl~hsflwsf/Ln] klg /]s8{ /flv ;f] sf] hfgsf/L o; dGqfnodf k7fO{lbg] .
-:yfgLo ljsf; dGqfnosf] ldlt @)%(÷^÷@# sf] kl/kq_
-v_ JolQmut 36gf btf{sf clen]vx? Jojl:yt u/L /fVg] ;DaGwdf ul/Psf] Joj:yfM -!_ ufpFm ljsf; ;ldlt / gu/kflnsfl:yt :yfgLo kl~hsflwsf/Lsf]
sfof{noaf6 btf{ ul/Psf JolQmut 36gfsf ;"rgf kmf/fdx? lj=;+= @)%* j}zfvb]lv lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltsf] sfof{nodf csf]{ Joj:yf geP;Ddsf] nflu Jojl:yt ul/ ;'/lIft lsl;dn] /fVg lgb]{zg eP adf]lhd ;'/lIft lsl;dn] /flvPsf] g} xf]nf .
o; dGqfnoaf6 ;do ;dodf ljleGg lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltsf] sfof{nodf ul/Psf] cg'udgsf] qmddf s]xL lhNnfsf uf=lj=;=÷g=kf=x?af6 pQm ;"rgf kmf/fdx? lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltsf] sfof{nodf k|fKt x'g g;s]sf] hfgsf/L k|fKt x'g cfPsf]n] o; dGqfnosf] Wofgfsif{0f ePsf] 5 . JolQmut 36gf btf{sf ;"rgf kmf/fdx? gful/ssf JolQmut clen]v ePsf]n] ltgnfO{ ;'/lIft lsl;dn] /fvL cfjZos k/]sf] ;dodf pQm ;"rgfx? sfg"gL?kdf g} pknJw u/fpg'kg]{ cj:yf x'g ;Sg] ePsf]n] pQm ;"rgf kmf/fdx?nfO{ ;a} ufpFm ljsf; ;ldlt÷gu/kflnsfx?af6 ;+sng u/L ;'/lIft lsl;dn] /fVg o; dGqfnosf] r=g+= !^&, ldlt @)^)÷*÷!* sf] kl/kq cg';f/ ug]{ u/fpg] Joj:yf ldnfpg] .
-:yfgLo ljsf; dGqfnosf] ldlt @)^^÷^÷@& sf] kl/kq_
46
-@_ JolQmut 36gf btf{ sfo{qmdtkm{ @)%* j}zfvkl5 ufpFm ljsf; ;ldlt / gu/kflnsfx?df btf{ eO{ lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltdf k|fKt x'g cfPsf ;"rgf kmf/fdx?nfO{ csf]{ Joj:yf geP;Dd lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltdf g} /fVg] lgb]{zg eP cg';f/ Jojl:yt / ;'/lIft ?kn] /fVg] sfd ePs} xf]nf . ef}lts ;+/rgf gi6 ePsf ufpFm ljsf; ;ldltx? nufot k|ltlnlksf] cfjZostf k/]sf] ;dodf tL ;"rgf kmf/fdx? vf]htnf; u/L pknAw u/fpg'kg]{ cj:yf kl5;Dd ljBdfg /xg] ePsf]n] cfjZostf k/]sf] avt ;lhnf] tl/sfn] kfpg ;lsg] u/L ;"rgf kmf/fdx?nfO{ ldlt, 36gf / uf=lj=;= / g=kf= sf] qmd ldnfP/ lhNnfdf g} Jojl:yt u/]/ /fVb} hfg'kg]{ ePsf] x'Fbf JolQmut 36gf btf{ sfo{qmdnfO{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] s'g} bft[ ;+:yf jf sfo{qmdx? ePdf pQm sfo{qmdaf6 / ;f] geP lh=lj=;= sf] cfGtl/s ;|f]taf6 ;d]t Joj:yf u/L dfly pNN]v eP cg';f/sf] qmd ldnfP/ a's jfOl08Ë u/L ;'/lIft Pj+ Jojl:yt tj/n] /fVg] Joj:yf ldnfpg] .
-:yfgLo ljsf; dGqfnosf] ldlt @)^)÷*÷!* sf] kl/kq_
-#_ clVtof/ b'?kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]usf] k= ;+= -#–u[x–%@/)^*/)^( r g+= @#)* ldlt @)^(/@/@^ sf] kq cg';f/ ælgj]lbsf O{Zj/L zdf{ g]kfnn] lj/u~h p=d= g=kf=sf] sfof{nosf k+lhsflwsf/L ;d]tsf pk/ kbLo b'?kof]u u/L c•fdf /x]sf sfuhft nf]k u/L k|df0f sfuh ufoj u/]sf]df sf/jfxL u/L kfpFm egL o; cfof]u ;dIf lbg'ePsf] lgj]bg dfly cfof]uaf6 cg';Gwfg x'Fbf hgtfnfO{ x/]s sfddf clt cfjZos kg]{ hGd/d[To' btf{ tyf ljjfx btf{ h:tf ljifox? k+lhs/0f ePsf clen]v vf]lh ePsf avt km]nf kg{ g;s]sf] eGg] s'/fnfO{ /fd|f] dfGg g;lsg] x'Fbf hgtf;+u k|ToIf ;/f]sf/ /fVg] JolQmut 36gf btf{ ;DalGw ljj/0fx? cBfalws ?kdf b'?:t /flv vf]lh ePsf avt ;xh ?kdf km]nf kfg{ ;Sg] u/L Jojl:yt u/L /fVg cfjZos Joj:yf ldnfpg ;a} :yfgLo lgsfox?nfO{ lgb]{zg lbg' egL >L ;lrj :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfnonfO{ n]vL k7fpg cfof]uaf6 lg0f{o ePsf] x'Fbf ;f]xL cg';f/ ug'{ u/fpg'x'g lg0f{ofg';f/ cg'/f]w 5 .Æ egL n]vL cfPsf]n] JolQmut 36gf btf{ ;DaGwL hgtf;+u k|ToIf ;/f]sf/ /fVg] sfuhft ;xh?kdf km]nf kfg{ ;Sg] u/L Jojl:yt ?kdf /fVg] Joj:yf ug{ u/fpg ;a} :yfgLo k+lhsflwsf/Lx?nfO{ hfgsf/L lbg lg0f{o cg';f/ cg'/f]w ul/Psf] .
-;ª\3Lo dfldnf tyf :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfnosf] r=g+= &^!, ldlt @)^(.#.!@ sf] kl/kq_
-u_ s'g ldltb]lv 36]sf JolQmut 36gf btf{ ug]{ ;DaGwdf ul/Psf] Joj:yf M kl~hs/0f sfo{qmd cGtu{t s'g} klg JolQmsf] hGd, d[To', ljjfx, ;DaGw
ljR5]b / a;fO{ ;/fO{ ;DaGwL 36gfsf] btf{ hGd, d[To' tyf cGo 36gf -btf{ ug]{_ P]g, @)## -;+zf]wg ;lxtsf]_ / hGd, d[To' tyf cGo JolQmut 36gf -btf{ ug]{_ lgodfjnL, @)#$ n] lglb{i6 u/]sf] Joj:yf cg'?k ug'{kg]{ s'/f txfF klg ljlbt} 5 . pQm P]g g]kfn clw/fHosf ljleGg lhNnfx?df k6s k6s u/L nfu" ePsf] x'Fbf h'g lhNnfdf h'g ldltdf ;f] P]g nfu" ePsf] 5, ;f]xL
47
ldltb]lvsf] dfq 36gf btf{ ug'{kg]{ x'G5 . t/ sltko :yfgLo kl~hsflwsf/Lx?n] cfˆgf] lhNnfdf ;f] P]g nfu" x'g'eGbf cuf8L 36]sf] 36gf ;d]t btf{ ug]{ ul/Psf] b]lvPsf]n] o;af6 sfg"gL ;d:of ;d]t pTkGg e}/x]sf] 5 . ctM hGd, d[To' tyf cGo JolQmut 36gf -btf{ ug]{_ P]g, @)## -;+zf]wg ;lxtsf]_ h'g ldltdf cfˆgf] lhNnfdf nfu" ePsf] 5, ;f] ldltb]lv 36]sf] 36gf dfq btf{ u/fpg] Joj:yf u/fpg x'g cfb]zfg';f/ ToxfFsf] Wofg cfs[i6 u/fO{Psf] 5 . o;/L g} :yfgLo kl~hsflwsf/Lx?n] cfˆgf] gfd a'l´g] u/L b:tvt gu/]sf] / s;}n] 5fk ;d]t :ki6 gnufPsf] b]lv+bf sfg"g tyf Gofo dGqfnoaf6 To:tf k|df0f–kqnfO{ c+u|]hLdf ?kfGt/0f ug{ sl7gfO{ e}/x]sf] a'l´bf cj pk|fGt ;f] ;DaGwdf klg :ki6 pNn]v ug]{ Joj:yf ePsf] .
-:yfgLo ljsf; dGqfnosf] ldlt @)%$÷!)÷@$ sf] kl/kq_
-3_ JolQmut 36gf btf{ ;DaGwdf u[x dGqfnoaf6 ldlt @)$&.%.!# sf] kl/kq cg';f/ ul/Psf] Joj:yf M
:yfoL c:yfoL a;f]af; u/]sf ljb]zL gful/sx?sf] JolQmut 36gf btf{ ug{kg]{ gkg]{ < g]kfnL gful/sn] ljb]zL s]6L;Fu ljjfx u/]df jf ljb]zL s]6fn] g]kfnL s]6L;Fu ljjfx u/]df btf{ ug]{ jf gug]{ < gu/kflnsf If]q aflx/sf If]qdf a;]sf JolQmsf] 36gf btf{ gu/kflnsfn] ug]{ gug]{ < ljZjsdf{ s]6Ln] pkfWofo -a|fDx0f_ ;Fu ljjfx u/]df ;fdflhs k/Dk/f dfGg] jf gdfGg] < ljjflxt hf]l8dWo] b'j} eP/ jf s'g} ! hgfn] ljjfx btf{ ug{ cfPdf ldNg] gldNg] gu/kflnsf If]qeGbf aflx/af6 a;fO{ ;/fO{ ;/L cfPdf s:tf] k|df0f–kq rflxg] cflb ;d:ofdf lgb]{zg dfu]sf]n] lgDg adf]lhd lgb]{zg ePsf] 5 M
-!_ g]kfndf cfO{ :yfoL jf c:yfoL a;f]af; u/]sf ljb]zL gful/ssf] JolQmut 36gf btf{ ug{ ldN5 t/ hGdsf] btf{ ubf{ ;DalGwt b]zsf] kf;kf]6{sf] k|ltlnlk, d[To'sf] btf{ ubf{ c:ktfn jf k|x/L l/kf]6{ jf s'g} sfof{no jf of]hgfdf sfd ul//x]sf] eP k|d'vsf] /Ltk"j{ssf] k|df0f–kq, ljjfx btf{ ubf{ ljjfx ug]{ JolQm ljb]zL ePdf kf;kf]6{sf] k|ltlnlk / g]kfnL gful/s eP gful/stfsf] k|ltlnlk k]z u/L b'j}y/Lsf] ;DalGwt ;"rgf kmf/fddf, /lhi6«/df ;d]t ;lx5fk u/fO{ k|df0f–kq tyf ljb]zL eP ljb]zL / :jb]zL eP gf=k|=g+= hgfO{ lbg ;Sg]5 .
-@_ g]kfnL gful/s -s]6f_ n] ljb]zL gful/s -s]6L_ ;Fu ljjfx u/L btf{ ug{ cfPdf ljjfx btf{ u/L lbg] .
-#_ ljb]zL -s]6f_ n] g]kfnL -s]6L_ ;Fu ljjfx u/L btf{ ug{ cfPdf bkmf ! df pNn]v eP adf]lhd ug]{ .
-$_ gu/kflnsf If]qeGbf aflx/ ufpFm ljsf; ;ldltsf sfof{nox?n] s'g} klg 36gf btf{ ug{ cfPdf ;DalGwt gu/kflnsf If]qleqsf afl;Gbf eP gu/kflnsfdf / ufpFm ljsf; ;ldltleqsf] afl;Gbf eP ;DalGwt ufpFm ljsf; ;ldltdf g} btf{ u/fpg' kg]{5 .
48
-%_ hft gldn]sf] s]6f / s]6Lsf] ljjfx eO{ btf{ u/fpg cfPdf d'n'sL P]g ljjfxjf/Lsf] dxn cg';f/ ug]{ .
-^_ ljjfx btf{ u/fpgsf] nflu b'nfxf / b'nxL b'j}hgf pkl:yt eO{ ;lx5fk ug'{kg]{df obL b'nfxf / b'nxLdWo] s'g} Pshgf 3/b]lv lgs} 6f9f jf ljb]zdf uPsf] /x]5 t/ oxfF ljjfx btf{ k|df0f–kqsf] clt h?/L k/]df b'nfxf jf b'nxL Pshgfn] dfq ;"rgf kmf/fd e/L ljjfx btf{ u/fpg cfPdf hGd, d[To' tyf cGo JolQmut 36gf -btf{ ug]{_ P]g, @)## sf] bkmf $ -v_ adf]lhd ug]{ .
-&_ s'g} JolQm jf kl/jf/n] a;fO{ ;/fO{ btf{ ug{ cfPdf a;f]af; u/L cfPsf] gu/kflnsf jf ufpFm ljsf; ;ldlt h'g :yfgsf] p;} 7fpFmsf] k|dfl0ft sfuh x'g'kb{5 .
-*_ ufpFm ljsf; ;ldlt jf gu/kflnsf If]qsf] 7]ufgf -jtg_ /fvL gful/stf lnPsf JolQmsf] 36gf btf{ u/fpg cfPdf h'g ufpFm ljsf; ;ldlt jf gu/kflnsfdf :yfoL a;f]af; u/L cfPsf] 5 ;f]xL ufpFm ljsf; ;ldlt jf gu/kflnsfdf 36gf btf{ ug'{kb{5 .
-(_ cGoq lhNnfaf6 cfPsf sd{rf/Lx?sf] JolQmut 36gf btf{ ;DaGwdf sd{rf/L cfk'm axfn /x]sf] lhNnfdf a;f]af; u/]sf] gu/kflnsf jf ufpFm ljsf; ;ldltdf 36gf btf{ ug{ ;lsg]5 . t/ lghsf] :yfoL a;f]af; u/]sf] gu/kflnsf jf ufpFm ljsf; ;ldltdf ;a} ljj/0f vf]nL hfgsf/L lbg'kg]{5 / k|fKt ug]{ :yfgLo kl~hsflwsf/Ln] klg /]s8{ /flv ;f] sf] hfgsf/L o; dxfzfvfdf lbg'kg]{5 .
-!)_ :yfgLo kl~hsflwsf/L labfdf a;]sf] ;dodf pQm sfo{ ;DalGwt gu/kflnsfsf d'Vo clws[tn] ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-u[x dGqfnosf] ldlt @)$&÷%÷!# sf] kl/kq_
-ª_ ;z:q åGå tyf ljljw sf/0faf6 cfGtl/s ?kdf lj:yflkt ePsf
JolQmx?sf] JolQmut 36gf btf{ ug]{ ;DaGwdf ePsf] Joj:yfM ljutdf /fHodf pTkGg ;z:q åGå tyf ljljw sf/0faf6 cfGtl/s ?kdf
lj:yflkt eO{ afXo lhNnfaf6 sf7df8f}+ cf>o lnO{ c:yfoL a;f]af; ub}{ cfPsf JolQmx?sf] ;Gtfgsf] hGd btf{ nufot cGo JolQmut 36gf btf{ xfn c:yfoL ?kdf a;f]af; u/]sf] :yfgaf6 ug{ ;lsg] jf g;lsg] lgb]{zg dfu eO{ cfPsf]df ;f] ;DaGwdf sf/jfxL x'Fbf g]kfn ;/sf/ -df=dlGq:t/_ sf] ldlt @)^$÷#÷@% sf] lg0f{ofg';f/ åGå jf cGo sf/0faf6 cfGtl/s ?kdf lj:yflkt ePsf JolQmx?nfO{ Ps lhNnfaf6 csf]{ lhNnfdf lj:yflkt ePsf JolQm jf lghdf cfl>t kl/jf/ åGå jf cGo sf/0faf6 lj:yflkt eO{ cfPsf] egL lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{noaf6 ePsf] l;kmfl/;sf] cfwf/df a;fO{ ;/fO{sf] xsdf :yfgLo cflbjf;L÷hghflt ;d'bfosf] xs clwsf/df k|lts"n
49
c;/ gkg]{ u/L xfn c:yfoL a;f]af; u/]sf] :yfgsf] :yfgLo kl~hsflwsf/Lsf] sfof{noaf6 JolQmut 36gf btf{ ug{ ;lsg] u/L lg0f{o ePsf] .
-:yfgLo ljsf; dGqfnosf] ldlt @)^$÷$÷!) sf] kl/kq_
-r_ hGd tyf d[To'sf] ;"rgf lbg'kg]{ st{Jo ePsf JolQm gePsfsf] hGd / d[To'sf] ;"rgf lbg] ;DaGwdf ePsf] Joj:yf M
g]kfn ;/sf/n] hGd, d[To' tyf cGo JolQmut 36gf -btf{ ug]{_ P]g, @)## sf] bkmf $ sf] pkbkmf -$_ n] lbPsf] clwsf/ k|of]u u/L ;f]xL P]gsf] bkmf $ sf] pkbkmf -!_ sf] v08 -s_ adf]lhd hGd tyf d[To'sf] ;"rgf lbg] JolQmsf] ?kdf b]xfosf] JolQmnfO{ tf]s]sf] 5 M
-!_ ufpFm ljsf; ;ldltsf] If]qleqsf] JolQmsf] xsdf ;DalGwt j8f ;b:osf] l;kmfl/;sf] cfwf/df ;DalGwt ufpFm ljsf; ;ldltsf] cWoIf jf pkfWoIf / lghx?sf] kb l/Qm ePsf] cj:yfdf ufpFm ljsf; ;ldltsf] ;lrj .
-@_ gu/kflnsfsf] If]qleqsf] JolQmsf] xsdf ;DalGwt j8f ;b:sf] l;kmfl/;sf] cfwf/df ;DalGwt gu/kflnsfsf k|d'v Pj+ pkk|d'v / lghx?sf] kb l/Qm ePsf] cj:yfdf ;DalGwt j8f ;lrjsf] l;kmfl/;sf] cfwf/df sfo{sf/L clws[t / j8f ;lrjsf] Joj:yf gePsf] gu/kflnsfsf] xsdf sfo{sf/L clws[t
-g]kfn /fhkq v08 %@ ;+Vof $&, efu # ldlt @)%(÷!!÷@^ df k|sflzt :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfnosf] ;"rgf_
-5_ z/0ffyL{x?sf] afnaflnsfx?sf] hGd btf{ ;DaGwdf ePsf] Joj:yf M g]kfnsf @! lhNnfx?df ltAatL z/0ffyL{x? tyf emfkf / df]/Ë b'O{ lhNnfdf
e'6fgL z/0ffyL{x?sf] a;f]af; /x]sfn] tL lhNnfx?df a;]sf / z/0ffyL{ kl/rokq kfO{;s]sf z/0ffyL{x?sf] kl/rokqdf gfd pNn]v ePsf gfafnsx? tyf afa'cfdfn] kl/rokq kfO{;s]kl5 hGd]sf lghsf ;Gtfgx?sf] :yfgLo txdf ufpF ljsf; ;ldlt÷gu/kflnsfx?df 5'§} /lhi6«/ /fvL tYofÍ k|of]hgsf nflu dfq hGd]sf] nut /fVg] Joj:yf /x]sf]5 .
-!_ e'6fgL z/0ffyL{x?sf] JolQmut 36gf btf{ ug]{ ;DaGwdfM k"jL{ g]kfnsf] ´fkf tyf df]/Ë lhNnfl:yt ljleGg ;ftj6f z/0ffyL{
lzlj/x?df / lzlj/ aflx/ u/L ´08} Psnfvsf] ;+Vofdf /x]sf e'6fgL z/0ffyL{x?sf] klxrfg tyf k|dfl0fs/0fdf ;/ntf, z/0ffyL{x? g]kfnL ;dfhdf 3'nldn x'gaf6 /f]Sg / e'6fgdf kms{g] ;dodf ;d]t ;lhnf]kg cfpg] s'/fnfO{ b[li6ut u/L e'6fgL z/0ffyL{x?sf] ljjfx btf{, hGd btf{ tyf d[To' btf{ u/L clen]v cBfjlws u/L /fVg dgfl;j b]lvPsf] egL n]lvPsf] u[x dGqfno, z/0ffyL{ dfldnf ;dGjo ;DaGwL /fli6«o OsfO{sf] k=;+= jL÷%)@÷@))@, ldlt @)%(÷&÷@% sf] kqsf ;DaGwdf b]xfo cg';f/ ug]{ u/L g]kfn ;/sf/ -;lrj:t/_ af6 ldlt @)%(÷*÷@) df lg0f{o ePsf] M
-s_ z/0ffyL{x?sf afnaflnsfsf] hGd btf{ cfjZos ePsf] eGg] u[x dGqfnosf] cg'/f]wnfO{ Wofgdf /flv :yfgLo txsf gu/kflnsf tyf ufpFm ljsf;
50
;ldltx?df 5'§} /lhi6/ /flv tYofÍ k|of]hgsf nflu dfq To:tf 36gf btf{ ug]{ / ;f] sf] 5'§} lg:;f -36gf btf{ ePsf] ldlt, JolQmsf] gfd / btf{ gDj/_ lbg] u/L ;xof]u k'¥ofpg kl/kq ug]{ egL >L % sf] ;/sf/ -df= dlGq:t/_ sf] ldlt @)%(÷(÷@# df lg0f{o ePsf]n] ;f]xL lg0f{ofg';f/ x'g lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltsf] sfof{no, ´fkf / df]/ËnfO{ hfgsf/L lbg] .
-v_ z/0ffyL{–z/0ffyL{sf aLrdf ePsf] ljjfx / z/0ffyL{sf] d[To'btf{ ;DaGwdf :yfgLo txsf gu/kflnsf tyf ufpFm ljsf; ;ldltdf 5'§} /lhi6/ /flv tYofÍ k|of]hgsf nflu dfq To:tf 36gf btf{ ug]{ / ;f] sf] 5'§} lg:;f -36gf btf{ ePsf] ldlt, JolQmsf] gfd / btf{ gDj/_ lbg] u/L ;xof]u k'¥ofpg kl/kq ug]{ .
-u_ hGd, d[To' tyf cGo JolQmut 36gf -btf{ ug]{_ P]g, @)##, hGd, d[To' tyf cGo JolQmut 36gf -btf{ ug]{_ lgodfjnL, @)#$ / lgb]{lzsf cg';f/ JolQmut 36gf btf{ ug{ ;DalGwt uf=lj=;=sf ;lrj / gu/kflnsfdf vl/bf/:t/sf sd{rf/LnfO{ tf]lsPsf]n] yk Joj:yf jf csf]{ sd{rf/Laf6 JolQmut 36gf btf{sf] sfd u/fpg cfjZos geO{ pk/f]Qm sd{rf/Laf6} ;DalGwt ufpFm ljsf; ;ldlt÷gu/kflnsf If]qleqsf z/0ffyL{x?sf] hGd, ljjfx / d[To' btf{sf] g+= !, @ cg';f/ clen]v lg:;f lbg] .
-:yfgLo ljsf; dGqfnosf] ldlt @)%(÷(÷!& sf] kq_
-h_ e'6fgL z/0ffyL{sf] JolQmut 36gf btf{ ug]{ ;DaGwdf M e'6fgL z/0ffyL{x?sf] JolQmut 36gf btf{ ug]{ ljifodf xfn;Dd cGo s'g}
gofF gLltut lg0f{o eO;s]sf] b]lv+b}g . o; ljifodf u[x dGqfno, z/0ffyL{ dfldnf ;dGjo ;DaGwL /fli6«o OsfO{af6 cg'/f]w eO{ cfP cg';f/ u[x dGqfno / :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfnon] ;dGjo u/L sfg"g Gofo tyf ;+;bLo Joj:yf dGqfnosf] ;d]t /fo lnO{ ljleGg 36gfx?sf] nflu lglZrt kmf/fdx? tof/ u/L k|dfl0ft ug]{ gLltsf] th'{df ug]{ egL :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfnosf] ldlt @)^#÷!÷% sf] lg0f{o cg';f/ ;}4flGts ;xdlt ePsf] 5 . o;nfO{ lglZrt kmf/fdx? tof/ u/L sfg"gL Joj:yf ug]{ ;DaGwdf u[x dGqfno / :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfnosf aLrdf ;dGjo eO{ sfd sf/jfxLsf] yfngL e}/x]sf]n] gofF gLltut lg0f{o eO{ csf]{ lgb]{zg k|fKt geP;Dd @)%(÷(÷!& sf] kl/kq adf]lhd g} tYofÍ k|of]hgsf nflu 5'§} /lhi6/df btf{ u/L nut /fVg] / ;f] sf] 5'§} lg:;f -36gf btf{ ePsf] ldlt, JolQmsf] gfd / btf{ gDj/_ ;Dd lbg] u/L ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] .
-:yfgLo ljsf; dGqfnosf] ldlt @)^#÷$÷$ sf] kq_
-em_ a}zfv ! ut]nfO{ g]kfn ;/sf/n] JolQmut 36gf btf{ lbj; 3f]if0ff u/]sf] ;DaGwdf M
g]kfn /fHodf a;f]af; ug]{ JolQmx?sf] hGd, d[To', ljjfx, ;DaGw ljR5]b / a;fO{+ ;/fO{+sf 36gfx? btf{ u/L k|df0fkq lbg] sfo{nfO{ Jojl:yt ug{sf] lgldQ g]kfn ;/sf/n] hGd, d[To' tyf cGo JolQmut 36gf -btf{ ug]{_ P]g, @)## / hGd, d[To' tyf cGo JolQmut 36gf -btf{ ug]{_ lgodfjnL, @)#$
51
;a} &% lhNnfx?df ;~rfng eO{ k|To]s ufpFm ljsf; ;ldlt / gu/kflnsfx?l:yt :yfgLo kl~hsflwsf/Lsf] sfof{noaf6 cfˆgf] If]qleqsf] hGd, d[To', ljjfx nufotsf JolQmut 36gfx? lgoldt ?kdf btf{ eO{ cfPsf] 5 .
o;} ;Gbe{df JolQmut 36gfx? /fHosf] tkm{af6 sfg"gL ?kdf 36gf 36]sf] jf ePsf] egL btf{ u/L k|df0fkq lbg] Joj:yf ePsf] / o; lsl;dsf 36gfx? :yfgLo lgsfoaf6 lgoldt ?kdf 36gf 36\g] lalQs} btf{ ug'{kg]{ ePsf]n] o; sfo{qmdsf] kx'Fr ;j{;fwf/0f gful/ssf] 3/b}nf]df k'¥ofO{ Jofks k|rf/ k|;f/ u/L 36gf btf{ sfo{qmdnfO{ k|efjsf/L ?kdf ;~rfng ug{sf] lgldQ g]kfndf JolQmut 36gf btf{ k|f/De ePsf] lbg j}zfv ! ut]nfO{ æJolQmut 36gf btf{ lbj;Æ 3f]if0ff ug]{ / tb\g'?k k|rf/ k|;f/ u/L dgfpg] egL ldlt @)^^÷&÷!@ df g]kfn ;/sf/ -dlGq:t/_ af6 lg0f{o ePsf]n] k|To]s jif{ j}zfv ! ut] æJolQmut 36gf btf{ lbj;Æ Jofks k|rf/ k|;f/ u/L dgfpg / uf=lj=;= / ;DalGwt cGo ;+3 ;+:yfx?df ;d]t hfgsf/L u/fOPsf] .
-:yfgLo ljsf; dGqfnosf] ldlt @)^^÷&÷@$ sf] kl/kq_
-`_ k|df0fkqsf] cflwsfl/stf ;DaGwdf M hGd, d[To' tyf cGo JolQmut 36gf -btf{ ug]{_ P]g, @)## / ;f] ;DaGwL
lgodfjnL, @)#$ cg';f/ btf{ eO{;s]sf JolQmut 36gfsf] ljj/0f ;Rofpg] ;DaGwdf :yfgLo kl~hsflwsf/Lsf sfof{noaf6 dfu eO{ cfpg] ljj/0f ;Rofpg] sfuhftsf k|df0fkqsf] cflwsfl/stf ;DaGwdf n]lv+b}5 .
:yfgLo lgsfo ufpF ljsf; ;ldlt / gu/kflnsf sfof{noaf6 hf/L ul/g] JolQmut 36gf btf{sf k|df0fkq nufot cGo sfuhftx?sf] cflwsfl/stfsf] nflu hGd, d[To' tyf cGo JolQmut 36gf -btf{ ug]{_ P]g, @)## tyf hGd, d[To' tyf cGo JolQmut 36gf -btf{ ug]{_ lgodfjnL, @)#$ cg';f/ JolQmut 36gf btf{ ;DaGwL ljj/0f ;+zf]wg ug{ dfu eO{ cfPdf ;/f]sf/jfnf JolQmn] JolQmut 36gf ;Rofpg cfPsf] avt k]z ePsf k|df0fkqx? klxnf btf{ ePsf xf] xf]O{g, ;Rofpg' kg]{ sf/0f / cflwsfl/stf gv'n]df ;h{ldg d'r'Nsf ;d]t u/L ;Rofpg cg'dtL dfu ug{] ;]jfu|fxLaf6 k|fKt k|df0fkqx? ;d]t :yfgLo k+lhsflwsf/Ln] k|dfl0ft ul/ k7fpg] Joj:yf ug{ u/fpg x'g cg'/f]w 5 . k|dfl0ft gePsf k|df0fkqx? ;fy cg'dlt dfu eO{ cfPdf cg'dlt k|fKt gx'g] Joxf]/f klg hfgsf/L u/fOPsf] .
-;ª\3Lo dfldnf tyf :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfnosf] ldlt @)^(.$.@( sf] kl/kq_
-6_ :yfgLo kl~hsflwsf/L tf]lsPsf] ;DaGwdf M g]kfn ;/sf/n] hGd, d[To' tyf cGo JolQmut 36gf -btf{ ug]{_ P]g, @)##
sf] bkmf # n] lbPsf] clwsf/ k|of]u u/L dxfgu/kflnsf, pkdxfgu/kflnsf, gu/kflnsf / ufpF ljsf; ;ldltdf b]xfosf kbflwsf/LnfO{ :yfgLo kl~hsflwsf/L -/lhi6«f/_ tf]s]sf] 5 M–
52
!= dxfgu/kflnsf, pk–dxfgu/kflnsf / sf7df8f+} pkTosfleqsf gu/kflnsfsf] xsdf ;DalGwt dxfgu/kflnsf, pk–dxfgu/kflnsf / gu/kflnsfsf] j8f ;lrj,
@= sf7df8f+} pkTosf afx]s cGo gu/kflnsfsf] xsdf ;DalGwt gu/kflnsfsf] j8f ;lrj jf j8f ;lrj gePsf] cj:yfdf kl~hflwsf/L -/lhi6«f/_ sf] ;xdltdf gu/kflnsfsf] ;lrjn] tf]s]sf] :yfgLo lgsfosf] sd{rf/L,
#= ufpF ljsf; ;ldltsf] xsdf ;DalGwt ufpF ljsf; ;ldltsf] ;lrj / ufpF ljsf; ;ldltsf] ;lrj gePsf] ufpF ljsf; ;ldltdf kl~hsflwsf/L -/lhi6«f/_ n] tf]lslbPsf] :yfgLo lgsfosf] sd{rf/L .
ldlt @)#$ df3 @$, v08 @*, ;+Vof #^, ldlt @)#% k'if !), v08 @(, k"jf{ltl/QmfÍ %(= -s_, ldlt @)^^ kmfu'g !, v08 #), ;+Vof #), ldlt @)#& sflt{s @% sf] g]kfn /fhkq efu # df k|sflzt tTsfnLg u[x k~rfot dGqfnosf] ;"rgf, v08 #!, ;+Vof #!, ldlt @)#* d+l;/ ! v08 #(, ;+Vof $* ldlt @)$^ r}q ^ sf] g]kfn /fhkqdf k|sflzt u[x dGqfnosf] ;"rgf vf/]h ul/Psf 5g .
-g]kfn /fhkq efu % ldlt @)^&÷$÷@$ df k|sflzt :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfnosf] ;"rgf_
-7_ hGdsf] ;"rgf kmf/fdsf] wd{;DaGwL dxndf ul/Psf] ;+zf]wg ;DaGwdf M hGd, d[To' tyf cGo JolQmut 36gf -btf{ ug]{_ lgodfjnL, @)#$ sf]
cg';"rL–@ sf] hGdsf] ;"rgf kmf/fdsf] v08 #-5_ df ePsf] wd{;DaGwL dxndf lxGb', af}4, d'l:nd, lqmlZrog / cGo egL pNn]v ePsf]df ca pk/fGt ;"rgf kmf/fdsf] æwd{Æ ;DaGwL dxndf ævfnL sf]i7Æ /fvL ;DalGwt ;"rsn] g} cfˆgf] wd{ pNn]v ug{ ;Sg] u/L kmf/fdsf] Joj:yf ug{ g]kfn ;/sf/ -dlGq:t/_ af6 ldlt @)^&÷&÷!@ df lg0f{o ePsf] .
-:yfgLo ljsf; dGqfnosf] ldlt @)^&÷&÷!# sf] kl/kq_
-8_ JolQmut 36gf btf{ ;DaGwL d'2fsf] cg';Gwfg, txlssft tyf ;j't k|df0f ;+sng ug]{ lhDd]jf/L ;DaGwdf M
lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltsf] sfof{no pbok'/, ufO3f6sf] r=g+= #$#, ldlt @)^).^.@% sf] kq cg';f/ l;l/;] uf=lj=;= j8f g+= ^ a:g] /Tgdfof sf]O/fnfsf] ldlt @)%(.!.@ ut] d[To' ePsf] egL nf]sxl/ sf]O/fnfn] ldlt @)%(.!!.@# ut] d[To'sf] ;"rgf u/L ;f]xL ldltdf d[To' btf{ k|df0fkq lnPsf] / /Tgdfof sf]O/fnf @))% ;fnb]lv x/fO{ a]kQf x'g'ePsf] / lghsf] d[To' ePsf] 5 5}g s]xL hfgsf/L gePsf]n] e'm§f ljj/0f lbO{ lghsf] d[To' btf{ u/fO{ d[To' btf{sf] k|df0fkq lnPsf]n] pQm d[To' btf{ k|df0fkq /2 u/L kfpFm egL l;l/;] uf=lj=;= j8f g+= * a:g] gf/fo0fk|;fb sf]O/fnfn] l;l/;] ufpFm ljsf; ;ldltsf] sfof{nodf lgj]bg lbPsf] / l;l/;] uf=lj=;=sf] r=g+= #, ldlt @)^).$.!# sf] kqaf6 /Tgdfof sf]O/fnfsf] ldlt @)%(.!.@ df d[To' ePsf] egL lbOPsf] k|df0fkq /2 ug{ hGd, d[To' tyf cGo JolQmut 36gf -btf{ ug{]_ P]g, @)## sf] bkmf !# adf]lhd cfjZos sf/jfxL / ;hfosf] dfu u/L lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no pbok'/df ldl;n k7fPsf]df pQm
53
sfof{nosf] ldlt @)^).%.!% sf] kqaf6 æ;/sf/L d'2f ;DaGwL P]g, @)$( sf] bkmf #! df ;f]xL P]gsf] cg';"rL ! / @ df n]lvPsf d'2f afx]s g]kfn ;/sf/af6 rnfOg] cGo d'2fsf ;DaGwdf ;DalGwt sfg'gdf d'2fsf] ;a'b k|df0f ;+sng ug]{ clwsf/L gtf]lsPsf]df ;DalGwt sfof{no k|d'vn] ;a'b k|df0f ;+sng u/L d'2f rNg] jf grNg] lg0f{osf] nflu ;DalGwt ;/sf/L jsLn ;dIf ldl;n Pj+ ;a'b k|df0f k]z ug'{'kg]{5 egL Joj:yf ePsf] x'Fbf sfg'g adf]lhd sf/jfxL ug'{Æ egL ldl;n lkmtf{ cfPsf] .
hGd, d[To' tyf cGo JolQmut 36gf btf{ ug]{ sfo{ ufpF ljsf; ;ldlt tyf gu/kflnsfsf] sfof{nodf sfo{/t :yfgLo kl~hsflwsf/L -ufpF ljsf; ;ldltsf] sfof{nosf] xsdf ufpF ljsf; ;ldltsf] ;lrj_ n] ug]{ Joj:yf ePsf]n] JolQmut 36gf btf{ ug]{ sfo{sf] d'2fsf] ;DaGwdf ;a'b k|df0f ;+sng ug]{ sfo{sf] nflu sfof{no k|d'v sf] x'g] egL l4ljwf kg{ uPsf]n] Plsg u/L v'nfO{ k7fOlbg'x'g egL lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltsf] sfof{noaf6 cg'/f]w eO{ cfPsf]df sf/jfxL x'Fbf g]kfn ;/sf/ -;lrj:t/_ sf] ldlt )^).&.@) sf] lg0f{o cg';f/ æufpF ljsf; ;ldltsf] xsdf ufpF ljsf; ;ldltsf] ;lrj xfnsf] Joj:yf cg';f/ sfof{no k|d'v /x] ePsf] b]lvPsf]n] lghn] g} ;a'b k|df0f ;+sng u/L ;/sf/L jsLn ;dIf k]z ug'{kg]{Æ egL lg0f{o ePsf]n] ;f]xL Joxf]/f lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltsf] sfof{no pbok'/df n]lv k7fOPsf] .
-9_ JolQmut 36gf btf{ ;DaGwL d'2fsf] cg';Gwfg, txlssft tyf ;j't k|df0f
;+sng ug]{ k|lqmofut lhDd]jf/L ;DaGwdf ePsf] Joj:yf M hGd, d[To' tyf cGo JolQmut 36gf -btf{ ug]{_ P]g, @)## sf] bkmf !#
cGtu{tsf] ;hfo bfjL ePsf] d'4f bkmf !$ adf]lhd g]kfn ;/sf/jfbL x'g] / ;f] s;'/ ck/fw u/]df :yfgLo kl~hsflwsf/Laf6 cg';Gwfg txlssft eO{ sfg"gL k|lqmof k"/f u/L ;f]xL P]gsf] bkmf !% adf]lhd d'¢f x]g]{ clwsf/L ;dIf cleof]u kq k]z ug'{kg]{ egL lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no sf7df8f}+af6 kq n]vL cfPsf] / :yfgLo kl~hsflwsf/Ln] s'g P]g cGtu{t s:tf] sfo{ljlw ckgfO{ txlssft ug]{ egL lgb]{zg dfu u/]sf] ;DaGwdf sf/jfxL x'Fbf ælhNnf ;/sf/L jlsn sfof{no sf7df8f}+n] lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no sf7df8f}+nfO{ ldlt @)^#.^.@(, r=g+= *)$ sf] kqdf pNn]v eP adf]lhd :yfgLo kl~hsflwsf/Laf6 cg';Gwfg txlssft u/L ;/sf/L d'¢f ;DaGwL P]g, @)$( sf] bkmf #! adf]lhd ;/sf/L jsLnsf] /fo lnO{ d'¢f x]g]{ clwsf/L ;dIf cleof]u kq bfo/ ug{ / txlssft ubf{ ;/sf/L d'¢f ;DaGwL P]g / lgodfjnLn] tf]s]sf] sfo{ljlw ckgfpg egL lh=lj=;= sf7fdf8f}+nfO{ n]vL k7fpg]æ egL ldlt @)^#.(.#) sf] g]kfn ;/sf/ -;lrj:t/Lo_ lg0f{o ePsf] x'Fbf lg0f{o cg';f/ x'g k'lgtf rf}w/L emfsf] hfx]/Ln] jfbL g]kfn ;/sf/ k|ltjfbL ;/f]hgL dfgGw/ ePsf] ljjfx 36gf btf{ ab/ ;DaGwL sf7df8f}+ lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltsf] sfof{noaf6 k|fKt x'g cfPsf] ;Ssn ldl;n ;d]t ;DalGwt sfof{nodf lkmtf{ k7fOPsf] .
54
-0f_ ;'s'Daf;L kl/jf/ / P]nfgL hUufdf a;f]af; ug]{ JolQmx?sf] JolQmut 36gf btf{ ug]{ ;DaGwdf M
u'nl/of gu/kflnsfsf ljleGg j8fx?df P]nfgL hUufx?df a;f]af; ub}{ cfO{/x]sf ;'s'Daf;L tyf d'Qm sd}ofx?;Fu alb{of lhNnfs} ljleGg uf= lj= ;= tyf cGoq lhNnfx?af6 ag]sf] gful/stfdf /x]sf] / ;DalGwt uf=lj=;= af6 a;fO{+ ;/fO{+sf] k|df0fkq lnO{ cfPsf t/ pQm g=kf= If]qdf lghx?sf] s'g} hUuf hldg gePsf] / sltko ;'s'Daf;Lsf] ?kdf /xL a;fO{ ;/fO{sf] k|df0fkq g} gePsf gful/sx?sf] dtbftf gfdfjnLdf gfd ;dfj]z ug{sf nflu gful/stfsf] k|df0fkq cfjZos kg]{ t/ lghx?sf JolQmut 36gf -a;fO{ ;/fO{ nufot cGo_ btf{ ug{ ;d:of l;h{gf ePsf] egL ldlt @)^&÷^÷!&, r=g+= !#%( sf] kq k|fKt eO{ k]z x'Fbf b]xfo adf]lhdsf] lg0f{o ePsf]M–
-!_ cGo uf=lj=;=÷g=kf= af6 a;fO{+ ;/fO{+ btf{ k|df0fkq lnP/ cfPsf ;DalGwt uf=lj=;=÷g=kf= df :yfoL ?kdf 3/ hUuf geO{ c:yfoL ?kdf a;f]af; ul//x]sf gful/sx?sf] xsdf ;DalGwt uf=lj=;=÷g=kf= n] cfˆgf] If]qdf To;/L a;f]af; ug]{ kl/jf/sf] nut /fvL a;fO{+ ;/fO{+ btf{ u/L k|df0fkq lbg ;Sg] . -km/Dof6sf] gd'gf cg';"rLdf ;+nUg 5_
-@_ ;'s'Djf;L jf d'Qm sd}ofsf] ?kdf uf=lj=;= jf g=kf=df a;f]af; u/]sf gful/sx?sf] ;DalGwt uf=lj=;= jf g=kf= n] kfl/jfl/s ?kdf nut tof/ u/]/ lghx?sf] JolQmut 36gf btf{ ug]{ . -km/Dof6sf] gd'gf cg';"rLdf ;+nUg 5_
-#_ a'Fbf g+= ! / @ sf] kfl/jfl/s nutnfO{ ;DalGwt uf=lj=;= jf g=kf= n] k|zf;lgs clen]vsf] ?kdf ;'/lIft tj/n] /fVg] Joj:yf ldnfpg' kg]{ .
-$_ dfly pNn]v eP adf]lhd 36gf btf{ ug{sf] nflu ;/f]sf/jfnf JolQm g]kfnL gful/s ePsf] PsLg x'g'kg]{ .
-%_ ;"rs, ;"rgf kmf/fd, b08 hl/jfgf / JolQmut 36gfsf btf{sf cGo ;a} k|fjwfgx? hGd, d[To' tyf cGo JolQmut 36gf -btf{ ug]{_ P]g, @)## tyf lgodfjnL, @)#$ / cGo k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd x'g] .
-t_ JolQmut 36gf btf{sf] ;+zf]wg ug]{ ;DaGwdf sfg'g tyf Gofo dGqfnoaf6 k|fKt ePsf] /fo M
æhGd, d[To' tyf cGo JolQmut 36gf -btf{ ug]{_ P]g, @)## sf] bkmf (s= adf]lhd btf{ ePsf] pd]/, gfd / hft lgMz'Ns ;Rofpg] Joj:yf /x]sf] eP tfklg Ps k6s btf{ eO{;s]sf] ljjfxsf] ljj/0f ;Rofpg jf ;+zf]wg ug{ ;lsg] jf g;lsg] ;f] ;DaGwdf ;f] P]gdf :ki6 Joj:yf ePsf] b]lvb}g . t/ ;f] P]g cGtu{t ag]sf] hGd, d[To' tyf cGo JolQmut 36gf -btf{ ug]{_ lgodfjnL, @)#$ sf] lgod ( df btf{ eO{;s]sf] JolQmut 36gfsf] ljj/0f s'g} sf/0fn] ;Rofpg' k/]df ;f] lgodsf] sfo{ljlw k"/f u/L ;Rofpg ;lsg] / hGd, d[To' tyf cGo JolQmut 36gf -btf{ ug]{_ P]g, @)## sf] bkmf @ sf] v08 -s_ adf]lhd æJolQmut 36gf eGgfn] ljjfx ;d]t hgfpg] b]lv+bf ;f]xL adf]lhd ljjfx ;DaGwL ljj/0f klg ;f]xL lgodfjnLsf] ;f]xL lgodsf] clwgdf /xL ;Rofpg ;lsg] b]lvPsf] .Æ
55
;fy} hGd, d[To' tyf cGo JolQmut 36gf -btf{ ug]{_ P]g, @)## sf] pkbkmf (s= sf] k|fjwfg cg's"n hGd, d[To' tyf cGo JolQmut 36gf -btf{ ug]{_ lgodfjnL, @)#$ sf] lgod ( sf] Joj:yf /x]sf] gb]lv+bf ;f] cg's"n x'g] u/L ;f] lgodfjnLdf cfjZos Joj:yf ug'{kg]{ ;DaGwdf To; dGqfnosf] Wofgfsif{0f u/fO{G5 .
-sfg"g tyf Gofo dGqfnosf] ldlt @)^&÷$÷$ sf] kqaf6 k|fKt /fo_
-y_ sG;'n/ k|dfl0fs/0fsf] nflu ePsf] Joj:yfM k|:t't ljifodf To; dGqfnosf] ;+s]t g+=s=g+=÷k|dfl0fs/0f (^# ldlt
@)^&.(.!! sf] sG;'n/ k|dfl0fs/0f ;DjGwL kq cg';f/ :yfgLo lgsfo -uf=lj=;=÷gu/kflnsf_ x?jf6 hf/L ul/g] JolQmut 36gf btf{ -hGd, d'To', ljjfx, ;DjGw–ljR5]b / a;fO{;/fO{_ / gftf k|dfl0ft ;DjGwL sfuhkqx?df sG;'n/ k|dfl0fs/0f ug]{ sfo{sf] nflu o; dGqfnosf] k= ;+= )^&.^* r=g+= @@# ldlt @)^&.(.@( sf] kqcg';f/ lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltsf] sfof{no / gu/kflnsfsf] sfof{nojf6 tf]lsPsf kbflwsf/Lx?sf] k|dfl0fs/0fsf] cfwf/df o; dGqfnoaf6 sG;'n/ k|dfl0fs/0fsf] nflu k|dfl0ft u/L k7fO{g] sfo{x'b} cfPsf]df o; Joj:yfaf6 cgfjZos tx ylkg uO{ ;]jfu|fxL nfO{ dsf{ kg{ uPsf]n] df}h'bf Joj:yfnfO{ kl/jt{g u/L g]kfn ;/sf/ -;lrj:t/_ sf] ldlt @)^*.@.@$ sf] lg0f{o cg';f/ :yfgLo lgsfo -uf=lj=;=÷gu/kflnsf_ jf6 hf/L ePsf JolQmut 36gf btf{, gftf k|dfl0ft ;DjGwL k|df0fkqx?df :yfgLo lgsfox? -lhlj;=÷gkf_ af6 hf/L b]xfo adf]lhd k|dfl0ft eP kl5 sG;'n/ k|dfl0fs/0fsf nflu l;w} k//fi6« dGqfnoaf6 sG;'n/ k|dfl0fs/0f ug]{ lg0f{o cg';f/ ug{ u/fpg x'g cg'/f]w ul/Psf] .
!_ sG;'n/ k|dfl0fs/0fsf] ;xh / ;/n k|lqmofsf] cjnDjg ug{ uflj; l:yt :yfgLo kl~hsflwsf/Ln] hf/L u/]sf k|df0fkqx?df :yfgLo ljsf; clwsf/L, of]hgf cg'udg tyf k|zf;sLo clws[t jf s'g} clws[t :t/sf] sd{rf/Ln] k|dfl0ft u/L cfPsf JolQmut 36gf k|df0fkqx?sf sG;'n/n] k|dfl0fs.0f ug]{ .
@_ gu/kflnsf l:yt :yfgLo kl~hsflwsf/Ln] hf/L u/]sf JolQmut 36gfsf k|df0fkqx?df sfo{sf/L clws[t jf gu/kflnsfsf s'g} clws[tn] k|dfl0ft u/L cfPsf k|df0fkqx?df sG;'n/n] k|dfl0fs/0f ug]{ .
#_ k|dfl0fs/0fnfO{ ljZjfl;nf] / ;xh agfpg k//fi6« dGqfnon] lhlj;, gkfsf clws[t sd{rf/L -k|dfl0fs/0fsf] clwsf/ ePsf_ sf] gd"gf b:tvtsf] clen]v /fVg ;Sg] .
$_ pk/f]Qm adf]lhd gofF Joj:yfsf] yfngL @)^*.#.! ut]af6 k|f/De ug]{ . -:yfgLo ljsf; dGqfnosf]
ldlt @)^*÷@÷@% sf] kl/kq_
-b_ dfgj zl//sf] cË k|Tof/f]k0fsf] l;kmfl/z ;DaGwdf M k//fi6« dGqfno sG;'n/ tyf sfg'gL k/fdz{ zfvf lqk'/]Zj/sf] ;+s]t g+=
sg= sf/ljljw/#@% ldlt @)^(.%.# sf] kqcg';f/ txfF dGqfno tyf
56
cGt/utsf lgsfox?af6 dfgj zl//sf] c+u k|Tof/f]k0fsf nflu hf/L x'g] gftf k|dfl0ft tyf l;kmfl/zkqx? dfgj z/L/sf] cË k|To/f]k0f -lgoldt tyf lgif]w_ P]g, @)%% adf]lhd s'g} JolQmsf] ;DaGwdf æglhssf] gft]bf/ eGgfn] ;f] JolQmsf] 5f]/f, 5f]/L, cfdf, afa', bfh', efO, lbbL, alxgL, sfsf, elthf, elthL, afa'tkm{sf] afh], aHo}, 5f]/ftkm{sf] gflt, gfltgL, 5f]/L tk{msf] gflt, gfltgL / ljut b'O{ jif{b]lv c6'6 ?kdf gftf ;DaGw sfod /xL cfPsf] klt, kTgL, wd{k'q, wd{k'qL ;f}t]gL cfdf, ;f}t]gL afa' / ;f;', ;;'/f ;d]tnfO{ ;Demg' k5{ .Æ eGg] Joj:yf ePsf] x'Fbf ;f]xL k|fjwfg cg';f/ l;kmfl/z ug'{ u/fO{ lbg'x'g lgb]{zfg';f/ cg'/f]w 5 egL n]lv cfPsf] x'gfn] ;f]xL cg';f/ ug{ u/fpgx'g cfb]zfg''f/ cg'/f]w ul/Psf] .
-;ª\3Lo dfldnf tyf :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfnosf] ldlt @)^(÷%÷@% sf] kl/kq_
-w_ lgj[lQe/0f k|of]hgsf] nflu d[To'sf] 36gf btf{ ug]{ ;DaGwdf M æsf7df8f}+ dxfgu/kflnsf, j8f g+= #% lgjf;L bfjf bf]h]{ l;Gtfgsf] d[To'
btf{sf] k|df0f–kqdf /0faxfb'/ l;Gtfg ;dfj]z ug{ /fo dfu eO{ cfPsf] ;Gbe{df sf/jfxL x'Fbf æ============Æ eGg] æ===========Æ Ps} JolQm x'g egL ;+zf]wg dfu eO{ cfPdf ;f]xL adf]lhd lgb]{zg lbg ;lsg] cj:yf b]lvPsf]n] :yfgLo kl~hsflwsf/Lsf] sfof{nodf /x]sf] clen]v lstfadf æ lgj[lQe/0fsf] k|of]hgsf] nfluÆ egL s}lkmot dxndf pNn]v ug]{ egL g]kfn ;/sf/ -;lrj:t/_ af6 ldlt @)^&.!).$ df lg0f{o ePsf]n] bfjf bf]h]{ l;Gtfg eGg] /0fjxfb'/ l;Gtfg Ps} JolQm x'g eGg] k|dfl0ft ePdf ;f]xL adf]lhd ug'{, u/fpg' x'g lg0f{o cg';f/ cg'/f]w 5 .Æ egL sf7df8f}+ dxfgu/kflnsfnfO{ n]lv k7fOPsf] .
-:yfgLo ljsf; dGqfnosf] ldlt @)^&÷!)÷)( sf] kq_
-g_ JolQmut 36gfsf] ljj/0f ;Rofpg] sfuhftsf k|df0fkqsf] cflwsfl/stf ;DaGwdf M
:yfgLo lgsfo ufpF ljsf; ;ldlt / gu/kflnsf sfof{noaf6 hf/L ul/g] JolQmut 36gf btf{sf k|df0fkq nufot cGo sfuhftx?sf] cflwsfl/stfsf] nflu hGd, d[To' tyf cGo JolQmut 36gf -btf{ ug]{_ P]g, @)## tyf hGd, d[To' tyf cGo JolQmut 36gf -btf{ ug]{_ lgodfjnL, @)#$ cg';f/ JolQmut 36gf btf{ ;DaGwL ljj/0f ;+zf]wg ug{ dfu eO{ cfPdf ;/f]sf/jfnf JolQmn] JolQmut 36gf ;Rofpg cfPsf] avt k]z ePsf k|df0fkqx? klxnf btf{ ePsf] xf] xf]Og, ;Rofpg' kg]{ sf/0f / cflwsfl/stf gv'n]df ;h{ldg d'r'Nsf ;d]t u/L ;Rofpg cg'dtL dfu ug]{ ;]jfu|fxLaf6 k|fKt k|df0fkqx? ;d]t :yfgLo kl~hsflwsf/Ln] k|dfl0ft u/L k7fpg] Joj:yf ug{ u/fpg x'g cg'/f]w 5 . k|dfl0ft gePsf k|df0fkqx? ;fy cg'dlt dfu eO{ cfPdf cg'dtL k|fKt gx'g] Joxf]/f klg hfgsf/L u/fOPsf] 5 .
-;ª\3Lo dfldnf tyf :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfnosf] r=g+= &^, ldlt @)^(.$.@( sf] kl/kq_
57
-k_ kl~hsflwsf/L tf]lsPsf] ;DaGwdf M g]kfn ;/sf/n] hGd, d[To' tyf cGo JolQmut 36gf -btf{ ug]{_ P]g, @)##
sf] bkmf # sf] k|of]hgsf] nflu kl~hsflwsf/L -/lhi6«f/_ sf] sfo{ ug{ o; dGqfnosf] hg;+Vof tyf kl~hs/0f Joj:yfkg zfvfsf pk–;lrjnfO{ tf]s]sf] 5 .
v08 %(, ;+Vof !%, ldlt @)^^.$.!@ sf] g]kfn /fhkq efu % df k|sflzt
:yfgLo ljsf; dGqfnosf] ;"rgf vf/]h ul/Psf] 5 . -g]kfn /fhkq efu %, v08 ^@, ;+Vof &, ldlt @)^(.@.!% df k|sflzt ;ª\3Lo dfldnf tyf :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfnosf] ;"rgf_
-km_ ;+/If0f u[xdf x's]{sf JolQmsf] JolQmut 36gf btf{ ug]{ ;DjGwdf M k|:t't ljifodf lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltsf] sfof{no, sf7df08f}sf] k=;+=)&)÷&!
r=g+= !@* ldlt @)&)÷#÷!# sf] kqsf] ;Gbe{df sf/jfxL x'Fbf hGd, d[To' tyf cGo JolQmut 36gf btf{ ug]]{ lgodfjnL @)#$ sf] lgod #-s_ cg';f/ æ;+/If0f u[xdf x's]{sf JolQmsf] JolQmut 36gf btf{ x'g' ;DalGwt JolQmsf] clwsf/sf] ljifo ePsf] / hGd, d[To' tyf cGo JolQmut 36gf -btf{ ug]{_ P]g, @)## sf] bkmf $ sf] pkbkmf -$_ df hGd / d[To'sf] ;"rgf lbg'kg]{ st{Jo ePsf] JolQm gePsf] cj:yfdf g]kfn ;/s/fn] g]kfn /fhkqdf ;"rgf k|sflzt ul/ tf]s]sf] JolQmn] To:tf] ;"rgf lbg'kg]{5Æ egL pNn]v ePjf6 klg o:tf] clwsf/sf] /Iff ug'{kg]{ bfloTj ;/sf/sf] ePsf] k'li6 x'g] / ldlt @)%(÷!!÷@^ df g]kfn /fhkqdf k|sflzt ;"rgf adf]lhd o:tf] cj:yfdf uflj;sf cWoIf÷ pkfWoIf÷;lrj / g=kf=sf] xsdf g=kf=sf k|d'v÷pkk|d'v sfo{sf/L clws[t ;"rs aGg] Joj:yf b]lvPsf]n] b]xfo jdf]lhd lgb]{zg lbg] ul/ /lhi6«f/ -kl~hsflwsf/L_ jf6 lg0f{o ePsf]n] cfjZos sf/jfxLsf] k|fKt kqx? o;};fy ;+nUg /fvL lkmtf{ k7fOPsf] Joxf]/f cg'/f]w 5 .
æhGd, d[To' tyf cGo JolQmut 36gf -btf{ ug]{_ P]g @)## sf] bkmf $ sf] pkbkmf -$_ / ldlt @)%(÷!!÷@^ sf] g]kfn /fhkqdf k|sflzt o; dGqfnosf] ;"rgf adf]lhdsf] k|lqmofsf cfwf/df hGd btf{ gePsf] eP ;DalGwt uf=lj=;÷g=kf=sf ;lrj÷sfo{sf/L clws[tn] cfjZos k|s[of k'/f u/L ;"rs jg]/ hGd btf{ u/L ljjfx btf{sf] sf/jfxL ug]{Æ
-;ª\3Lo dfldnf tyf :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfnosf] ldlt @)&).$.@& sf] kl/kq_
-a_ cljjflxt k|dfl0fs/0f ;DaGwdf M k|:t't ljifodf o; dGqfnosf] k=;+=)^(÷&) r=g+= *!) ldlt
@)&)÷!÷@@ sf] cljjflxt k|dfl0ft ;DaGWfL kqsf] ;Gbe{df n]lvb}5 . pQm kq cg';f/ k|rlnt sfg"g tyf o; dGqfnosf] sG;'n/ k|dfl0fs/0f ug]{ kq ;d]tn] cljjflxt k|dfl0ft ug]{ clwsf/ :yfgLo lgsfonfO{ k|bfg u/]]sf] gb]lvPsf]n] cljjflxt k|dfl0ft ug{ ldNg] gb]lvPsf] elg ;a} lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltsf] sfof{no / gu/kflnsfsf] sfof{nodf kl/kq ul/Psf]df cljjflxt k|dfl0fs/0f ;DaGwL ljifo klg gful/ssf] hLjg ;+u k|ToIf ;/f]sf/ /fVg]
58
ljifo ePsf] / ;f] sfo{ /f]ls+bf gful/snfO{ k|ToIf c;/ kg]{ ePsf] x'gfn] o; dGqfnosf] ldlt @)&)÷$÷( sf] lg0f{o cg';f/ b]xfosf] k|lqmof ckgfO{ :yfgLo lgsfon] cljjflxt k|dfl0fs/0f ug{ ;Sg] lg0f{o ePsf] x'Fbf cfjZos sf/jfxLsf] nflu lg0f{ofg';f/ cg'/f]w ul/Psf] .
!_ cljjflxt k|dfl0fs/0fsf] nflu ;DalGwt JolQmn] ;DalGwt ufpF ljsf; ;ldlt÷g=kf=sf] sfof{nodf lgj]bg ug'{kg]{ . pQm lgj]bgdf lgj]bssf] afa'÷cfdf jf ;+/Ifsn] cljjflxt /x]sf] ;gfvt ul/lbg'kg]{ . lgj]bgsf] 9Ffrf o;};fy ;+nUg 5 .
@_ cljjflxt k|dfl0fs/0fsf] nflu lgj]bg k|fKt ePkl5 ;DalGwt uf=lj=;=÷ g=kf=n] lghsf] afa'÷cfdf jf ;+/Ifssf] pkl:yltdf lgj]bs j;f]jf; ug]{ ;DalGwt j8fsf sDtLdf ! hgf j8f ;b:o ;lxt gful/stf k|fKt To;} j8fsf slDtdf % hgfsf] ;h{ldg d'r'Nsfsf] cfwf/ lnP/ cljjflxt /x]sf] k|dfl0fs/0f ul/lbg ;Sg] . :yfgLo lgsfodf hgk|ltlglw g/x]s]f cj:yfdf ;h{ldg d'r'Nsfdf lgj]bssf] afa'÷cfdf jf ;+/Ifssf] pkl:ytdf j8f gful/s d~rsf slDtdf ! hgf k|ltlglw ;lxt slDtdf % hgfsf] ;h{ldg d''r'Nsfsf] cfwf/ lng'kg]{]{ . ;h{ldg d'r'Nsf ul/lbg] JolQmsf] gful/stfsf] kmf]6f]skL ;+nUg x'g'kg]{ .
#_ cljjflxt k|dfl0fs/0f cfjZostf cg';f/ ;+nUg k|dfl0fs/0fsf] 9fFrfdf uf=lj=;=÷g=kf=n] ;DalGwt JolQmnfO{ pknJw u/fpg'kg]{ .
$_ cljjflxt k|dfl0fs/0f u/]sf JolQmsf] uf=lj=;=÷ g=kf=n] clen]v /fVg'kg]{ .
-;ª\3Lo dfldnf tyf :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfnosf] ldlt @)&).$.!# sf] kl/kq_
-e_ JolQmut 36gf btf{ ;DaGwdf :yfgLo kl~hsflwsf/LnfO{ lbOPsf] lgb]{zg hGd, d[To' tyf cGo JolQmut 36gf -btf{ ug]{_ P]g, @)## tyf hGd, d[To'
tyf cGo JolQmut 36gf -btf{ ug]{_ lgodfjnL, @)#$ nfu' ePkl5 hGd, d[To', ljjfx, ;DaGw laR5]b tyf a;fO{ ;/fO{ h:tf k|d'v % -kfFr_ JolQmut 36gfx? btf{ ug]{ sfo{ g]kfn /fHosf laleGg lhNnfx?df @)#$ ;fnb]lv r/0fa4?kdf nfu" eO{ @)$& ;fnb]lv /fHosf ;Dk"0f{ lhNnfx?df ;~rfng e}/x]sf] 5 .
!= hGd, d[To' tyf cGo JolQmut 36gf -btf{ ug]{_ P]g, @)##, hGd, d[To' tyf cGo JolQmut 36gf btf{ ug]{ lgodfjnL @)#$ / ;do ;dodf o; dGqfno -JolQmut 36gf btf{sf ;DaGwdf o; dGqfnodf x:tfGt/0f x'g'eGbf cl3 u[x dGqfno_ af6 ePsf kl/kq / lgb]{zgsf] cfwf/df :yfgLo kl~hsflwsf/Ln] hGd, d[To', ljjfx, ;DaGw ljR5]b / a;fO{ ;/fO{sf 36gf btf{ ug'{kb{5 .
@= hGd, d[To' tyf cGo JolQmut 36gf btf{ ug]{ sfo{ ljleGg lhNnfx?df ljleGg ldltdf nfu" ePsf]n] h'g lhNnfdf h'g ldltb]lv ;f] P]g÷lgod nfu'
59
ePsf] 5, ;f]xL ldltb]lv 36]sf 36gf dfq btf{ ug]{ . -;DalGwt lhNnfdf P]g / lgodfjnL nfu" x'g'eGbf cufl8 36]sf s'g} klg 36gf btf{ gug]{ _ .
#= hGd, d[To', ljjfx, ;DaGw ljR5]b / a;fO{ ;/fO{sf 36gf btf{ u/fpg cfpg] JolQmnfO{ ;DalGwt 36gf btf{ ;"rgf kmf/fd lgMz'Ns pknAw u/fpg] .
$= P]g lgodn] tf]s]sf] Dofbleq ;"rsn] e/]/ k]z u/]sf] ;"rgf kmf/fdsf] ljj/0f 7Ls ePdf ;f] ljj/0f btf{ lstfadf r9fO{ ;DalGwt JolQmnfO{ 36gf btf{sf] k|df0fkq lgMz'Ns ?kdf pknAw u/fpg] . -36gf 36]sf] #% -k}+tL;_ lbgleqdf 36gf btf{ u/fpFbf s'g} b:t'/ nfUb}g ._
%= :yfgLo kl~hsflwsf/Ln] cfˆgf] ufpF lasf; ;ldlt÷gu/kflnsfdf 36gf btf{ ePsf ;"rgf kmf/fdx? x/]s dlxgfsf] & -;ft_ ut]leq ;DalGwt lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltsf] sfof{nodf a'emfO{ ;Sg'kb{5 . pQm cjlwdf s'g} 36gf btf{ x'g gcfPsf] eP klg ;f]xL Joxf]/f pNn]v u/L k|ltj]bg lbg'kb{5 .
^= gu/kflnsfsf] j8fdf sfo{/t :yfgLo kl~hsflwsf/Ln] cfk\mgf] j8fdf btf{ ePsf ;"rgf kmf/fdx? k|To]s dlxgfsf] % -kfFr_ ut]leq ;DalGwt gu/kflnsfsf] sfof{nodf a'emfO{ dfl;s k|ltj]bg lbg'kb{5 . pQm cjlwdf s'g} 36gf btf{ x'g gcfPsf] eP klg ;f]xL Joxf]/f pNn]v u/L k|ltj]bg lbg'kb{5 .
&= ;"rgf kmf/fddf :yfgLo kl~hsflwsf/Ln] gfd, y/ / ldlt ;d]t :ki6 a'lemg] u/L b:tvt ug]{ / :yfgLo kl~hsflwsf/Lsf] sfof{nosf] 5fk ;d]t nufO{ k|dfl0ft u/L /fVg'kb{5 .
*= ;"rsn] e/]sf] ;"rgf kmf/fdx? ;+nUg u/L JolQmut 36gf cg';f/ qmda4 ?kdf kmfOn u/]/ dlxgf lat]sf] & -;ft_ lbgleq lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltsf] sfof{nodf k7fpg'kb{5 . lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltn] pQm ;"rgf kmf/fdx?nfO{ Jojl:yt ?kdf clen]v u/L /fVg'kb{5 .
(= JolQmut 36gf btf{ ubf{ ;"rs;Fu lnOg] z'Ns tyf hl/jfgf b:t'/ ln+bf ;"rsnfO{ gubL /l;b lbg] / o:tf] /sdsf] kmfF6jf/L tof/ u/L k|fKt /sd k|rlnt lgodfg';f/ :yfgLo lgsfosf] cfDbfgL hgfO{ >]:tf tof/ ug]{ .
!)= ;"rs n]vk9 ug{ ghfGg] eP :yfgLo kl~hsflwsf/Ln] ;"rgf kmf/fd e/L e/]sf] ljj/0f ;"rsnfO{ k9]/ ;'gfO{ ;f] kmf/fdsf] lglb{i6 :yfgdf ;"rssf] a'9L cf}+7fsf] bfFof afFof NofKr] ;lx5fk nufpg' kb{5 .
!!= ;"rsn] e/]sf] ;"rgf kmf/fd btf{ eO;s]kl5 s]/d]6 ug'{ xF'b}g . n]Vg'kg]{ s'/f 5'6 ePdf jf n]Vg gkg]{ s'/f n]lvg uPdf ;f] s'/f btf{ lstfasf] s}lkmot dxndf n]Vg kb{5 . s]/d]6 ePdf ;f] 7fpFdf b:tvt jf NofKr] ;lx5fk u/fpg'kb{5 .
60
!@= cg';"rL, ;"rgf kmf/fd, btf{ lstfj / k|df0fkq sfnf] d;Ln] dfq eg'{kb{5 .
!#= ;"rgf kmf/fddf ;"rssf] x:tfIf/ ;xL tyf bfofF afofF a'9L cf}+7fsf] NokKr] ;xL5fk klg nufpg' k5{ . n]vk9 ug{ ghfGg] ;"rssf] xsdf NofKr] ;xL5fk dfq u/fP x'G5 .
!$= g]kfndf a;L cfPsf ljb]zL gful/sn] cfˆgf aRrfsf] hGd btf{ u/fpg cfPdf P]g, lgodfjnL / dGqfnoaf6 ePsf kl/kqx?sf] cfwf/df l/t k'/\ØfO{ hGd btf{ u/L k|df0fkq lbg'k5{ . To;/L k|df0fkq lb+bf ;f] k|df0f–kqdf h'g b]zsf] gful/s xf], To; b]zsf] gfd pNn]v u/L lbg] ug'{k5{ .
!%= ;DaGw laR5]b 36gf btf{ u/fpg cfpg] JolQm;Fu cbfntsf] cfb]zn] ;DaGw ljR5]b ePsf] eP To:tf] cfb]z jf km};nfsf] k|dfl0ft gSsn lnO{ ;f] gSsnnfO{ ;"rgf kmf/fd;Fu /fvL ;DaGw ljR5]bsf] 36gf btf{ ug]{ .
!^= ;fdflhs /Lltl/jfh, k/Dk/f jf ljjfx btf{ P]g, @)@* cg';f/ ePsf] ljjfxnfO{ btf{ ug]{ . ljjfx btf{ ug]{ P]g, @)@* cg';f/sf] ljjfx btf{ ubf{ :yfgLo kl~hsflwsf/Ln] ljjfx btf{ k|dfl0ft ug]{ clwsf/Ln] k|bfg u/]sf] k|df0f–kqsf] k|ltlnlt;d]t ;+nUg u/L /fVg'kb{5 .
!&= Ps}k6sdf PseGbf a9L lzz' hlGdPdf 36gf btf{ ug{ cfPdf 5'§f5'§} ;"rgf kmf/fd eg{ nufO{ btf{ u/L ;f] Joxf]/f btf{ lstfadf pNn]v u/L 5'§f5'§} k|df0f–kq lbg] .
!*= ;"rssf] xsdf P]gdf pNn]v eP cg';f/ ug]{ / cfdfafa'sf] kQf] gnfu]sf] lzz' hGd]sf] 36gf btf{ ug'{kbf{ jf d[tssf] ;"rs gePsf] cj:yfdf ufpF ljsf; ;ldlt÷gu/kflnsfsf] ;DalGwt j8f ;b:osf] l;kmfl/;sf] cfwf/df ufpF ljsf; ;ldltsf cWoIf jf pkfWoIf, gu/kflnsfsf k|d'v jf pkk|d'vn] ;"rs eO{ 36gf btf{ ug{ cfPdf :yfgLo kl~hsflwsf/Ln] 36gf btf{ u/L k|df0fkq pknAw u/fpg] / ;f]xL Joxf]/f btf{ lstfasf] s}lkmot dxndf hgfpg] .
!(= hGd, d[To', ljjfx, ;DaGw ljR5]b / a;fO{ ;/fO{sf 36gf btf{ lstfax? cfuf] kfgL cflbn] Iflt k'¥offpg] / gx/fpg] u/L :yfgLo kl~hsflwsf/Ln] ;'/lIft ;fy /fVg' kb{5 .
@)= :yfgLo kl~hsflwsf/L ;?jf eO{ uPdf jf cfˆgf] kbaf6 /fhLgfdf lbPdf jf ;]jfaf6 x6]df cfˆgf] lhDdfdf /x]sf] ;Dk"0f{ sfuhftx? / btf{ lstfj lgodfg';f/ a/a'emf/y u/L hfg' kb{5 . ;f] sf] Psk|lt sfuhftx? lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltsf] sfof{nodf / gu/kflnsfsf] j8fdf sfo{/t :yfgLo kl~hsflwsf/Ln] gu/kflnsfdf ;d]t k7fpg' kb{5 .
61
@!= Ps lhNnfaf6 csf]{ lhNnfdf a;fO{ ;/fO{ u/L hfg] JolQmsf] a;fO{ ;/fO{sf] k|df0f–kq lnPsf] ldltn] #% lbgleq a;fO{ ;/fO{ eO{ hfg] lhNnfsf] :yfgLo kl~hsflwsf/Lsf] sfof{nodf k]z u/L ;Sg' kg]{5 . ;f] sf] cfwf/df :yfgLo kl~hsflwsf/Ln] a;fO{ ;/L cfPsf] k|df0fkq lbg'kb{5 .
@@= :yfgLo kl~hsflwsf/Ln] 36gf btf{ eO;s]kl5 tnsf] gd"gf adf]lhdsf] 5fk nufO{ :yfgLo kl~hsflwsf/Ln] gfd, y/, bhf{ n]vL b:tvt u/L ;"rsnfO{ k|df0fkq lbg] .
62
-ufpF ljsf; ;ldltdf cjl:yt :yfgLo kl~hsflwsf/Lsf] sfof{nosf] 5fksf] gd'gf_
-gu/kflnsfdf cjl:yt :yfgLo kl~hsflwsf/Lsf] sfof{nosf] 5fksf] gd'gf_
g]kfn ;/sf/ :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfno
:yfgLo kl~hsflwsf/Lsf] sfof{no, ========== ufpFm ljsf; ;ldlt
============= lhNnf @)%)
g]kfn ;/sf/ :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfno
:yfgLo kl~hsflwsf/Lsf] sfof{no, ========== dxf . pk . gu/kflnsf
j8f g+========= ============= lhNnf
@)%)
63
lgb]{zg tyf kl/kqx?;+u ;DjlGwt cg';"lrx? cljjflxt k|dfl0fs/0f lgj]bgsf] 9frfF M
ljifoM cljjflxt k|dfl0fs/0f u/L kfpF .
>Ldfg\ cWoIfHo"÷;lrjHo" ufpF ljsf; ;ldlt÷gu/kflnsf sfof{no ======================================================
d o; ufpF ljsf; ;ldlt ÷g=kf= sf] :yfgLo jfl;Gbf ePsf] / xfn;Dd d cljjflxt ePsf] sf/0f cljjflxt k|dfl0fs/0fsf] l;kmfl/z u/Llbg'x'g b]xfosf ljj/0fx? v'nfO{ of] lgj]bg lbPsf]÷lbPsL 5' .
ljj/0f
!_ afa'sf] gfd -g]kfnL_ c+u]|hL @_ cfdfsf] gfd -g]kfnL_ c+u|]hL #_ jfh]sf] gfd -g]kfnL_ c+u]|hL $_ hGd ldlt %_ :yfoL 7]ufgf ^_ hGd btf{ g+=
hGd btf{ u/]s]f ldlt hGd btf{ u/]]sf] :yfgLo k~hLsflwsf/Lsf] sfof{no / 7]ufgf &_ gful/stf k|df0fkq g+= lnPsf] lhNnfM lnPsf] ldltM *_ ;++/Ifssf] gfd / 7]ufgf -;+/Ifsn] kfng kf]if0f u/]s]f cj:yfdf_ (_ ;+/Ifs;+usf] gftf dfly pNn]v u/]sf ljj/0fx? ;Ffrf] / ;To x'g\ . o;df km/s k/] sfg'g cg';f/ ;hfo ef]Ug tof/ 5' .
afa'÷cfdf jf ;+/Ifssf] x:tfIf/ lgj]bssf] x:tfIf/ gfdM 7]ufgfM ldltM gfdM kmf]6f] 7]ufgfM gftfM ldltM
64
j}jflxs l:ytL k|dfl0fs/0f k|df0fkqsf] 9frfF M ===============ufpF ljsf; ;ldlt÷gu/kflnsfsf] sfof{no
======================lhNnf ljifoM j}jflxs l:ylt k|dfl0fs/0f .
o; uf=lj=;÷g=kf= sf] j8f g+=================================df a:g] =============sf] gflt÷gfltgL -jfj'sf] gfd n]Vg]_ ======================================================/ -cfdfsf] gfd n]Vg]_ ==========================================sf] 5f]/f÷5f]/L==========================n] / cljjflxt k|dfl0fs/0fsf] nflu ldlt =======================df o; uf=lj=;÷g=kf= sfof{nodf lgj]bg lbg' ePsf]df lghsf] :j3f]if0ff tyf ;DalGwt j8fdf ;fIfL ;h{ldg a'‰bf lgh ldlt========================;Dd cljjflxt /xg' ePsf] b]lvg cfPsf] Joxf]/f k|dfl0ft ul/G5 .
cljjflxt k|dfl0fs/0fjfnfsf] b:tvtM cljjflxt k|dfl0fs/0fjfnfsf] kmf]6f] k|dfl0ft ug]{ uf=lj=;=÷g=kf=sf] kbflwsf/LM x:tfIf/ M gfd M kb M 7]ufgf M ldlt M
Office of _______________ Village Development Committee/Municipality
________________ District
Subject: Certification of Marital Status
This is to certify that Mr. (Ms.) ______(unmarried person’s name)________, grandchild of Mr. (Mrs.) ______(grandparent’s name)_____ and child of Mr. ____(father’s name)____ and Mrs. _____(mother’s name)_____ residing in this village development committee/municipality at ward number ______, and whose application letter dated _________ for marital status certification received at this village development committee/municipality, and according to his/her self declaration and witnesses at the ward level, has been found to be single in marital status till ______(date)_______.
Unmarried person’s signature: _________________________________
Unmarried person’s photograph
Certifying VDC/Municipality Authorized Person’s Designation: __________________
Signature: __________________ Name: __________________
Address: __________________ Date: __________________
lhNNff
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65
:yfgLo ?kdf hUuf hldg geO{ a;fO{;/fO{sf] k|df0fkq lnO{ a;fO{ ;/fO{ btf{ ug]{ gful/sx?sf] kl/jf/sf] nut ;DjGwL ljj/0f
ufpFm ljsf; ;ldlt÷gu/kflnsfsf] sfof{no
========================= lhNnf
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