Heating and Cooling
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Heating and Cooling
description
Heating and Cooling. Coordinator: Karel Kabele, [email protected] , CTU in Prague Contributors: Eric Willems , Erwin Roijen , Peter Op 't Veld , [email protected] - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Transcript of Heating and Cooling
Heating and Cooling
• Coordinator:• Karel Kabele, [email protected], CTU in Prague • Contributors:• Eric Willems, Erwin Roijen, Peter Op 't Veld, [email protected]• Camilla Brunsgaard, [email protected] & Mary-Ann Knudstrup, [email protected], Aalborg
University, Per Kvols Heiselberg, [email protected], Tine S. Larsen, Olena K. Larsen, Rasmus Lund Jensen (AAU)
• Arturas Kaklauskas, [email protected], Audrius Banaitis, [email protected] , Vilnius Geniminas Technical University (VGTU)
• Marco Perino, [email protected], Gianvi Fracastoro, Stefano Corgnati, Valentina Serra (POLITO)
• Werner Stutterecker, [email protected], (FH-B)• Mattheos Santamouris, [email protected], Margarita Asimakopoulos, Marina Laskari,
[email protected], (NKUA)• Zoltan Magyar, [email protected], Mihaly Baumann, Aniko Vigh, [email protected] (PTE)• Manuela Almeida, [email protected], Sandra Silva, [email protected] , Ricardo Mateus,
[email protected], University of Minho (UMINHO) • Piotr Bartkiewicz, [email protected], Piotr Narowski, [email protected]
(WUT)• Matthias Haase, [email protected], (NTNU)• Karel Kabele, [email protected], Pavla Dvořáková, [email protected], (CTU – FCE)
LECTURE 12
HEATING AND COOLING SYSTEMS CONTROL
Fundamentals of control;output control; safety control, predictive control; intelligent buildings.
FUNDAMENTALS OF CONTROL
What is it - Control system ?
• Device, which changes one or more parameters of the heating/cooling system– temperature– flow rate– pressure
Why to control heating/cooling system
• Output control according to actual heat loss • Operation safety• Restriction by operational parameters of heat
source or any element of heating system• Hydronic balancing
Control circuit
• Controlled variable x• Manipulated variable y• Disturbance variable z• Command variable w
Controlled system X
Z
ControllerY
Actuator
Feedback
W
Manipulation
• Controlled variable is changed by actuator
• No feed-back, no controller
Controlled system X
Z
Actuator
?
Hand actuated control
• Controller = man
Controlled system X
Z
Y
Actuator
Feed back
W
Automatic actuated controll
• w and/or x activates actuator to achieve required value of x
Controlled system X
Z
RegulátorY
Actuator
Feed back
W
Control circuit Technical background
• Measurement of controlled and command variable– electronic thermometer, flow meter,
pressure meter• Controller – Compare measured values with required
valuesa and activates actuator• Actuator – Control valve, shutoff valve, three-way
valve
Output sampling controllers• Manipulated variable
– on/off, 0-0,5-1• Example: room
thermostat
Continuous action controllers
Manipulated variable vs. Controlled variable = transition characteristic.
– P - proportional – I – integral – D – shunt – T – time delay – …– Fuzzy logic – more variables
Controllers - energy
• Self actuated controllers– Energy from the controlled systém
• Electronic controllers• Pressured air actuated controllers
Actuators
• Electromagnetic shut-off valves
• Control valves • Mixing 3 or 4 way
valves
Thermostatic valves
Common
With remote setupWith remote sensor
Radiator valve
Application of 3way valve
output control; safety control, predictive control; intelligent buildings
OPERATION OF HEATING AND COOLING SYSTEMS
Commissioning;Inspection;Fault detection, Operation, Energy audit
Last developements in the heating/coolingfield
