heat from the sea presentation V2 · GeoAtlantic • Looking at the current use of, and potential...

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ENTIDADES ASOCIADAS National Energy and Environment Agencies' Portuguese Network | Direção Regional da Energia da Região Autónoma dos Açores | Câmara Municipal de Ribeira Grande (Açores) | Câmara Municipal de Povoação (Açores) PARTNERS ESPAÑA PORTUGAL UNITED KINGDOM FRANCE IRELAND EUROPEAN UNION Heat from the sea: COULD LOCHINDAAL HEAT OUR HOMES? A talk by Islay Energy Trust in partnership with Islay Natural History Trust Tuesday 23 rd July, Islay Nature Centre, Port Charlotte This event is sponsored by the GeoAtlantic Project Find out more at http://geoatlantic.eu/?lang=en

Transcript of heat from the sea presentation V2 · GeoAtlantic • Looking at the current use of, and potential...

Page 1: heat from the sea presentation V2 · GeoAtlantic • Looking at the current use of, and potential for, geothermal energy in areas bordering the Atlantic in Europe. • Deep geothermal

ENTIDADES ASOCIADASNational Energy and Environment Agencies' Portuguese Network | Direção Regional da Energia da Região Autónoma dos Açores | Câmara Municipal de Ribeira Grande (Açores) | Câmara Municipal de Povoação (Açores)

PART

NER

S

ESPAÑA PORTUGAL

UNITED KINGDOM FRANCE IRELAND EUROPEAN UNION

Heat from the sea:COULD LOCHINDAAL HEAT OUR HOMES?

A talk by Islay Energy Trust in partnership with Islay Natural History TrustTuesday 23rd July, Islay Nature Centre, Port Charlotte

This event is sponsored by the GeoAtlantic ProjectFind out more at http://geoatlantic.eu/?lang=en

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Who we are

Islay Energy Trust 

Community‐owned organisation that aims to develop renewable energy projects for the benefit of the community whilst reducing Islay’s carbon footprint.

GeoAtlantic

European project exploring the use of, and potential for, geothermal energy in areas bordering the Atlantic in Europe.

Islay Natural History Trust

Dedicated to observing and appreciating  the wildlife and geology on Islay and encouraging locals and visitors to appreciate the natural beauty of the island by providing information and interpretation.

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GeoAtlantic

• Looking at the current use of, and potential for, geothermal energy in areas bordering the Atlantic in Europe.

• Deep geothermal and shallow geothermal.

• Heat and electricity generation.

• Partners from the UK, Ireland, Spain, Portugal and France.

• Technical partners and community‐based partners.

• Share knowledge to help explore the potential for development and increase awareness of the opportunities.

• Islay Energy Trust focussing on shallow geothermal and heat pumps in Scotland’s Atlantic area.

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What is a heat pump?

• Heat pumps extracts heat from the environment via a solution which is usually circulated in a loop, absorbing heat.

• This heat is then compressed by the heat pump and condensed, releasing the heat it absorbed at a higher temperature.

• Heat pumps have been around for decades – you probably even have one in your house without knowing it…

• …fridges are an example of heat pumps which work only in cooling mode.

Image: ArkanGL via Flickr

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Heat pumps

• Can extract heat from the ground, water or air.

• Ground source heat pumps either use:

o horizontal loops in shallow trenches; or 

o vertical loops on boreholes.

• Water source heat pumps can be:

o closed loop, where a glycol (or similar) solution is circulated endlessly around a closed loop of pipework; or

o open loop, where they system physically extracts the water from the source and returns it once the heat is extracted.

Drilling image courtesy of Kensa Heat Pumps

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Examples

• Islay Hotel, Port Ellen

• Lifeboat station, Port Askaig

• At least one residential premises on Islay

• Multiple houses on across the west coast

• At least one business on Islay

• Dunaverty Village Hall, Kintyre

• The Lizard Lifeboat Station, Cornwall

• Orkney Islands Council building

• Private house at Ardfern, Argyll

• Tall Ship, Glasgow

• Certain classes of RLNI Lifeboat

Ground Source Heat Pumpusing boreholes

Ground Source Heat Pumpusing trenches

Water Source Heat Pump

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Dunaverty Village Hall 

• Heating and hot water for a multi use space with sports hall, changing rooms,  function room, meeting rooms and post office.

• Laid 500m closed loop of heat collection coils in 5 trenches underneath sports fields.

• 30kW heat pump providing zoned heat and hot water.

• c. £50k installation cost plus £390/yr maintenance.

• c. £4k/ year from non‐domestic RHI over 20 years.

• Indicative £22k profit / 44% return on investment.

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RHI• The Renewable Heat Incentive is a payment made by the government for each 

unit of heat generated from a renewable source.

• Payments are graded depending on the type of renewable energy used.

• Ground and water source heat pumps attract higher payments than air source heat pumps and biomass as they are more efficient.

• Domestic installations receive payments for 7 years.

• Non‐domestic installations, including heat networks, receive payments for 20 years.

• All installations must meet programme guidelines.

• Installations must be up and running by March 2021 to guarantee payment.

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Water Source• Not as common as ground source heat pump systems.

• Pipework runs through a body of water rather than  being buried in the ground – minimal digging!

• Open loop can just extract water, use the heat and return it to source.

• Closed loop uses and array of ‘pond mats’ similar to the coils seen in horizontal Ground Source Heat Pump.

• Coefficient of Performance  (CoP) for ground source usually around 3 – for every one unit of electricity you use you create 3 units of heat.

• CoP for water source usually more like 4 – the fresh water installation at Ardfern has an operational CoP of 4.5.

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Ardfern

• Water source heat pump serving a new build house.

• Extracts heat from a the adjacent lochanusing pond mats in a closed loop.

• 8.5kw heat pump installed in 2013.

• Water in lochan can go as low as 3 degrees – still provides useable heat.

• Example differential (May 2019): temperature coming in to heat pump:7 degrees, temperature returning to lochan: 3 degrees.

• In the winter can return refrigerant as low as ‐1 degrees.

• Domestic RHI payments c. £2,000/year.

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Examples

• Islay Hotel, Port Ellen

• Lifeboat station, Port Askaig

• At least one residential premises on Islay

• Multiple houses on across the west coast

• At least one business on Islay

• Dunaverty Village Hall, Kintyre

• The Lizard Lifeboat Station, Cornwall

• Orkney Islands Council building

• Private house at Ardfern

• Tall Ship, Glasgow

• Certain classes of RLNI Lifeboat

Ground Source Heat Pumpusing boreholes

Ground Source Heat Pumpusing trenches

Water Source Heat Pump ?

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Heat from the sea

Reasons to consider a WSHP Challenges

+ Reduce electricity use and therefore cost / carbon footprint.

? How would infrastructure cope with exposure to the elements?

+ Even more efficient than ground source – and lower groundwork costs.

? What would the environmental  and visual impact be?

+ Sea temperatures predictable and consistent.

? How would a system impact on marine users?

+ No issue with permafrost or flow rate.

? What licences would be required?

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Can it be done here?

• Identified a building where we could compare ground and water source heat pump installations.

• Hostelling Scotland building offered a good range of use and was in an ideal location.

• INHT and Hostelling Scotland agreed to participate in a feasibility study to look at high level potential of heat pumps utilising:

o The ground around the hostelo The river next to the hostelo Lochindaal

• IET worked with GeoAtlantic partners, heat pump specialists and a local marine contractor to model the potential for and design of an appropriate system.

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What we looked at

• Horizontal closed ground loop (using trenches)

• Vertical closed ground loop (using boreholes) 

• Open water loop using the river

• Open water loop using Lochindaal

• Closed water loop using the river

• Closed water loop using Lochindaal

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• Horizontal closed ground loop (using trenches)

• Vertical closed ground loop (using boreholes) 

• Open water loop using the river

• Open water loop using Lochindaal

• Closed water loop using the river

• Closed water loop using Lochindaal

What we looked at

X

X

X

X

not enough ground

flow rate not high enough

potential for biofouling – too expensive

flow rate not high enough

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Further investigation

• Could it provide the heat required?

• What ground works would be needed?

• What would it look like?

• What impact would it have?

• What regulatory and licensing requirements are there?

• What would it cost?

• What would the potential savings / Renewable Heat Incentive income be?

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Ground loop

• Multiple boreholes drilled in garden area of building could meet all the heat and hot water requirements.

• Minimal visual impact once installed – possible minor external pipework.

• Minimal environmental impact.

• No impact for existing or anticipated future site users.

• Requirement to liaise with the council regarding development in a conservation village.

• Liaison with electricity network.

VERDICT: TECHNICALLY FEASIBLE

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Sea loopThe infrastructure secured to the sea bed in Lochindaal would include:

• Pipe work tested to 16 bar for structural integrity, trenched to protect it from biofouling, wave impact and vessels anchoring, and anchored using stud‐link chain;

• a seabed mounted coil array, secured via precast concrete anchor block set on seabed and fitted with a top cover plate to minimise growth of kelp, etc, (around 10x5m);

• a navigation marker buoy.

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Sea loop

• Minimal visual impact once installed – pipework above mean water springs buried.  Navigation buoy the only change to surface of loch.

• Minimal environmental impact – much the same as moorings / distillery outfall infrastructure (without the actual outfall).

• Minimal impact for existing or anticipated future site users – though further discussions would be needed.

• Sea bed licensing required at minimal cost.

• Requirement to liaise with the council regarding development in a conservation village.

• Liaison with electricity network.

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Sea loop• In order to ensure that the system is robust enough to withstand the elements, 

the suggested design for the sea bed infrastructure is larger than strictly needed.

• Recommended installation depth of  6m below CD to minimise wave impact, algae growth and navigational concerns.

Map for indicative purposes only – wider research and consultation would be required for any actual installation.

VERDICT:TECHNICALLYFEASIBLE

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Financials• Indicative costing for ground loop – install max £85k* for whole building plus 

£2k maintenance over 20 years.

• Indicative costing for sea loop – install max £35k* for whole building plus £10.5k maintenance over 20 years.

• Marginal reductions if only single section of building covered.

• Additional capacity within water loop – potential to add more properties.

• Potential RHI income for both systems in the region of £200k over 20 years –though caveats apply!

• Current electricity cost for the hostel only £7,500.

• Anticipated cost of heating and hot water for the whole building to a recommended level (higher than currently) £5,500.

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Outcome

• Ground and water source loop both technically feasible.

• Both systems would attract the same level of Renewable Heat Incentive.

• Water loop likely to be more efficient due to higher CoP, which would mean lower electricity costs.

• Drilling costs make up the main bulk of the cost for the ground loop.

• Even with maintenance costs taken into account, indicative costing for the water loop are far lower.

• Additional capacity within water loop means that additional properties could be added with wider benefits.

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What does this mean?

• Hostelling Scotland welcomed the research but are not currently in a position consider an installation in the near future.

• INHT are keen to upgrade their outdated heating system and Islay Energy Trust are helping them explore their options, with wshp being in the mix.

• Is there an appetite in the community for a wider heat network?

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Iona Heat Network

• Ambitious community energy project looking to deliver a heating network across the island using heat pumps fed by multiple boreholes.

• The challenge: cut importation of fuel, reduce carbon footprint, generate income for the community.

• Retrofitting 33 homes , 6 commercial premises and 2 public buildings.

• Local maintenance capacity.

• 20 years income from Non Domestic RHI.

• Unique challenges – archaeology / tourism / geography.

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What next?

• Give the community the information on the research we have done so far.

• Investigate whether there is an appetite to look at creating an installation for an individual building or a small heat network.

If there is an appetite:

• Identify the additional research required.

• Identify funding to support any additional research / installation.

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ENTIDADES ASOCIADASNational Energy and Environment Agencies' Portuguese Network | Direção Regional da Energia da Região Autónoma dos Açores | Câmara Municipal de Ribeira Grande (Açores) | Câmara Municipal de Povoação (Açores)

PART

NER

S

ESPAÑA PORTUGAL

UNITED KINGDOM FRANCE IRELAND EUROPEAN UNION

Questions?Kirsten Gow

Islay Energy Trust01496 301 413 / [email protected]