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H iu hnh LinuxTun Nguyn FitHouH iu hnh LinuxUnix Lch sLinuxLch s ra iBn phn phi Live CD & KnnopixKin trc HHH iu hnh UnixH iu hnh UnixH iu hnha nhim(multi-tasking)a NSD(multi-users)H iu hnh UnixKen Thompson thit k nm 1969 ti Bell LabsDnh cho cc k s lp trnhTch hp ti liu vo h pht trinC cc tin ch giao tip, lin lcPhng theo MULTICS, UNIX nhmTnh n gin (tn UNICS)Tnh m (thun tin cho giao tip)NSD nh tin hcCha ca UnixKen Thompson thit k nm 1969 ti Bell LabsDnh cho cc k s lp trnhTch hp ti liu vo h pht trinC cc tin ch giao tip, lin lcPhng theo MULTICS, UNIX nhmTnh n gin (tn UNICS)Tnh m (thun tin cho giao tip)NSD nh tin hc

H iu hnh Unix1973, vit li bng ngn ng C (do Dennis Ritchie pht trin)1975 Truyn b phin bn V6 trong cc i hc (Berkeley)1979 Truyn b phin bn V7 trong cng nghip==> nhiu portings et UNIX-like=> vn tng thch gia cc UNIXH iu hnh UnixThp nin 80/usr/group thnh lp nm 1981X/OPEN (cc hn my tnh chu u)1984 : 3 phin bn qui chiuSystem V ca AT&T (System X t nm 82)4.2 BSDca H Berkeley, nn tng ca nhiu HH: Sun MicroSystem (SunOS), Digital (Ultrix)...BSD (Berkeley Software Distribution) vi b nh phn trang, cc dch v mng (TCP/IP), cc cng c (vi,csh) v thm mt s chc nng.XENIX ca Microsoft dnh cho cc PC (tng thch vi System V)H iu hnh UnixCui thp nin 80, ra i 2 t chcUNIX International (UI)Tha thun gia AT&T v Sun: SVR4 (System V Release 4) Open Software Foundation (OSF)IBM, Digital, HP, Bull, Siemens, Apollo, Nixdorf: h m, OSF/1 s dng li MACH (H Carnegie Mellon)UNIX = h thng m + li POSIX + tin ch + mi trng chuyn mn ha +giao din haTRIT L UNIX (n gin, th thut, tnh m) phi nhng ch cho cc rng buc kinh t v an ton h thngH iu hnh Linux(M ngun m)H iu hnh Linux m ngun m1984: Richard Stallman, cha ca phong tro GNU (Gnu is Not Unix) sng lp Free Software Foudation (FSF)1989: FSF nh ngha giy php GPL (General Public License)1991: Linus Tovarld cng b phin bn 0.02 li mt HH theo t tng UNIX, Linux, ln Internet. Linux s dng giy php GPL v rt nhiu tin ch GNU nn v sau gi l GNU/LinuxH iu hnh Linux m ngun m1993: Rmy Card n ngha h thng tp ext2 cho Linux1994: Linux c chuyn ln cc CPU khc Intel: Alpha, ARM, PowerPC, RISC, Sparc,1995: Apache group truyn b Web server Apache, 2/3 s Web sites trn nn UNIX/Linux1999: ra i phin bn 1.0 cc giao din ha GNOME v KDE (3.x hin nay)2002: Sun cng b phin bn 1.0 OpenOffice.orgH iu hnh LinuxMt s c im chnh:Linux tng thch vi nhiu he diu hnh nh DOS, MicroSoft Windows ...Cho php ci t Linux vi cc OS khc trn cng 1 cng.Do gi c chun ca UNIX nn s chuyn i gia Linux v cc h UNIX khc l d dng.Linux l 1 h iu Unix tiu biu vi cc c trng l a ngi dng, a chng trnh v a x l.Linux c giao din GUI tha hng t h thng X-Window. Linux h tr nhiu giao thc mng, bt ngun v pht trin t dng BSD.H iu hnh LinuxMt s c im chnh:Linux rt mnh v chy kh nhanh ngay c khi c nhiu chng trnh ang chy.Linux ci c trn nhiu chng loi my tnh khc nhau nh PC, mini.Linux ngy cng c h tr bi cc phn mm ng dng b sung nh son tho, qun l mng, qun tr CSDL, bng tnhLinux l h iu hnh h tr a ngn ng ton din nhtBn phn phi LinuxDistribution = su tp ton b hay mt s chng trnh, xung quanh mt li Linux nhm cho php ci t mt h thng tng hp, vn hnh hon ho.Gm 1 hoc nhiu CD ROMCi t tng i d dng, khng phi downloadC th c nhng phn mm khng phi GPL hoc OpenSourceCc distribution ph binRedHat (9.0) Mandrake (10.1), SuSE(9.1)Debian , Slackware, Knoppix, Caldera,CD Live LinuxTrin khai Linux trn 1 CDH H GNU/Linux + tp hp PM y Khng nh hng n hin trng PC, khng cn HD !C th th v hc Linux d dng vi mi i tngMt s distro tiu biuKnoppixDemoLinuxMandowsFreeSBIECD Live Linux - KNOPPIXKNOPPIXLive CD Linux vi HH GNU/Linux cho my PC + PM c bn + c ch pht hin v thch ng t ng hardwareC ch nn => 2GB phn mm trn 1 CD ROMKNOPPIX c th c s dng :CD ROM demo Linux nh platform lm demo sn phm thng mi !CDROM cho o toCi t ln HD => HH Linux hon chnh (Debian)HH ci trn 1 key USBKNOPPIX Cc ng dngMutltimediaXMMS, Audacity, Xine, GIMP, Linuxvideostudio,Navigation InternetMozilla, Konqueror, Mozilla mail, Giam,Vn phngOpenOffice.org, Koffice, Kvivio, KfaxKNOPPIX Cc ng dngGio dcChronium, Kgeo, Kstar, Lincity,ng dng h thngArk, K3b, Partimage, RdesktopMy chApache-PHP, MySQL, Open SSH, SambaPht trinKdevelop, GCCCi t Linux(Red Hat Linux)B1: thit lp my tnh khi ng t CD

B2: Bn nhn phm F2, sau g ty chn ci t l : linux askmethod

B3: La chn ngn ng s dng

B4: La chn kiu bn phm

B5: Chn ngun cc gi ci t: Bn c th ci t t a CD, a cng, t file nh, t trn my ch FTP,HTTP

B6: Khi ci t RedHat c ch kim tra a ngun, bn c th b qua bc ny tin hnh ci t

B7: Khi vo mn hnh giao din ci t, bn chn Next khi no hin ra bng hi thoi sau , bn chn Custum la chn gi ci t

B8: Phn vng a ci t, y ti chn t ng phn vng

B9: Sau khi phn vng ta c cc thng tin nh sau, v bn ch cn Next sang bc tip theo:

B10: Thit lp cu hnh mng

B11: Cu hnh FireWall, theo ti nn chn No firewall ta c th ci cc chng trnh bo mt khc mnh hn

B12: Tip theo bn chn ngn ng h thng m h iu hnh dng:

B13: La chn Quc gia, thnh ph:

B14: Bn g mt khu root

B15: Sau khi chn cc thng s bn chn Next bt u tin hnh ci t

Ch i qu trnh ci t kt thc v khi ng li my tnhKin trc h iu hnhKin trc ca Linux

Kin trc ca LinuxH thng Linux gm Shell v 3 thnh phn sau y:Nhn h iu hnh (Linux Kernel).Th vin h thng Tin ch h thngNhn h iu hnh (Linux Kernel)L mt b cc modul chng trnh c vai tr iu khin cc thnh phn ca my tnh, phn phi ti nguyn cho ngi dng.Nhn chnh l cu ni gia chng trnh ng dng v phn cng.Nhn c chc nng quan trng l lp lch: phn chia ti nguyn CPU cho nhiu tin trnh.Thnh phn quan trng th 2 ca nhn l h thng modul chng trnh c gi l li gi h thng (System call).Shell (h v)Ngi dng mun thc hin cng vic no s g lnh.Shell l b dch lch v hot ng nh mt kt ni trung gian gia kernel vi ngi dng. Linux c 2 loi shell ph bin: C-Shell (du nhc %), Bourne-shell (du nhc $) v mt s shell khc:Korn Shell (ksh): David G. Bourne, AT&TTenex Shell (tcsh): m rng cshBourne Again Shell (bash): Brian Fox, FSF(Linux)Lm vic vi LinuxCh in v ch thngPhn bit: case sensitiveLnh ls: OK, Ls: KOGiao dinDng lnh:Hi kh nh ban u (tn lnh trc trc, nhiu options)Lu di: nm vng cc khi nim, lm ch h thng haGNOME, KDE/ X-Window (XFree86)Kh ging giao din MS WindowsCu trc lnh trong Linux# []Tn lnh l mi dy cc k t, khng c du cch, biu th cho mt lnh ca Linux hay mt chng trnh.Cc tham s c th c hoc khng c chia lm 2 loi: tham s kha v tham s v tr. Tham s v tr thng l tn tp, th mc v thng l cc i tng chu tc ng ca lnh.Tham s kha l cc tham s iu khin hot ng ca lnh, thng c bt u bng du - hoc --.Cu trc lnh trong LinuxV d:#ls l g trong :ls: l lnh thc hin vic lit k danh sch cc tn tp / th mc con trong mt th mc.-l: l tham s kha, cho bit cn xem y thng tin v cc i tng hin ra.g: l tham s v tr ch r ngi dng cn xem thng tin v cc tp c bt u bng ch ci g*.Tr gip trong LinuxLnh man :Hin th trang ti liu gii thch C php + m t cc ty chn + v d= lnh, hm th vin, tin ch, tp h thngCh :G q thotPhi nh ng tn lnhLnh man k Lit k danh sch lnh c cha t kha Qun lnh chnh xc, tm lnh lin quanLogin trong LinuxM mt phin lm vicNhp tn NSD + mt khuNu OK => shellThc hin mt s lnh ngm nh (.bashrc, .bash_profile)Khi to mt s bin mi trng ($PATH, $HOME)Vo th mc ngm nh (home directory)Mt s lnh u tin:whoami: hin th tn loginid: hin th UID, GID, groupspwd: hin th th mc hin thipasswd: i mt khuLogout khi LinuxDng lnhLnh exitKt thc shell ca NSD hin thiCho php ng nhp NSD mi (hin th login:) haLnh exit trong mt ca s dng lnh ng ca s (sub-shell)Chn End Session trong menu chnhKt thc NSD hin thi (ng tt c cc ng dng ang m)Cho php ng nhp NSD miCc lnh c bn trong LinuxLm vic vi tp tin v th mcCc lnh ny rt ging lnh tng ng trong DOS bi thc cht, DOS lp li tng ca Unix. Tuy nhin, s khc bit c bn l bn phi g:mkdir thay v ch n thun 'md'. Tng t, lnh xa th mc l 'rmdir'.Lnh xa tp tin trong Unix c xc nh rt r rng v khng th o ngc li c.Tuy nhin trong Linux s dng du phng h (life-saving alias - c ngha l nh du nhng tp tin b xa, ch khi ngi dng ra lnh xa hn th HH mi thc s xaCc lnh c bn trong LinuxLm vic vi tp tin v th mc:cp : sao chp tp tin.mv : dch hoc i tn tp tin.cat : hin th ni dung ca 1 tp. Nhng nu tp tin ln th nn s dng dng lnh more d liu s c hin th theo tng trangSort: sp xp th t ni dung tp tinCc lnh lm vic vi aCc thit b lu tr a mmCD-ROMPartition WindowsUSB diskLm vic vi a mmMountmount /mnt/floppy/Umountumount /mnt/floppy/cls /mnt/floppy/Dng Nautilus hay Konquerora format vi msdosDng cng c mtools Sao chp: mcopyc: mdirChuyn th mc: mcdLm vic vi a mmnh dngDng gfloppyCMD: /usr/bin/gfloppyChn kiu FSFile system typeKiu a mmFloppy DensityClick nt Format

Lm vic vi a CDGhi d liu ln CD: X-CD-Roast/usr/bin/xcdroast

Lm vic vi cc phn vngTo th mc nh xmkdir /mnt/WindowsMountmount -t vfat /dev/hda1 /mnt/windowsC th thay i kiu FS: vfat,autofs, ntfs,Umountmount /mnt/windowsTruy cpls /mnt/windowsLu :Khng ghi d liu ln partition nfts t LinuxLm vic vi USBTo th mc nh xmkdir /mnt/usbKim tra driver cho USB lsmodXem ni dung /etc/fstabTi ng drivermodprobe Lm vic vi USBMountmount -t vfat /dev/sda1 /mnt/usbC th thay i kiu FS: vfat,autofs, Umountmount /mnt/usbTruy cpls /mnt/usbCu trc cy th mcCch ci t phn mm