Hdsd Slope

Trang ba

Hng dn s dng phn mm tnh n nh mi dc SLOPE/W

Hng dn s dng SLOPE/W 2

Trng DHXD H Ni Lp 48CB Page 2 of 61

LI GII THIU

A.Gii thiu i nt v b chng trnh GEO-SLOPE ca CANADA.

Cho n thi im hin nay,b chng trnh ny c trn 100 nc trn th gii s dng v nh gi l b chng trnh mnh nht,n gm cc MODUL sau:

MODUL1(SEEP/W):Phn tch thm ;

MODUL2(SIGMA/W):Phn tch ng sut-bin dng ;

MODUL3(SLOPE/W):Phn tch n nh mi dc ;

MODUL4(CTRAIN/W):Phn tch vn chuyn nhiim ;

MODUL5(TEMP/W):Phn tch a nhit ;

MODUL6(QUAKE/W):Phn tch ng thi da trn t hp cc MODUL trn.

Nhng li bnh lun Trong sut 9 nm trn th trng, phn mm GEO-SLOPE gip nhiu k s gii c cc bi ton v a k thut v mi trng nhanh hn, mang li nhiu hng th hn.

SLOPE/W siu vit hn bt k phn mm no v tnh ton n nh mi dc m ti tng bit Gio s Goran Salzors

Trng HTH Chalmers Gothenburg Thu in

SLOPE/W, SEEP/W v SIGMA/W nm trong s nhng sn phm hin c. Chng da trn nhng phng thc ngh thut

Peter Petrov

ENERGOPROEKT

Sophia, Bulgaria

Sau khi s dng rt nhiu phn mm khc nhau trn khp th gii, chng ti kt lun rng b chng trnh GEO-SLOPE cho ti nay l ton din nht v c a chung nht i vi vic phn tch v thit k a k thut

Gio s Harry Tan Siew Ann

i hc quc gia Singapre

SEEP/W, SIGMA/W v SLOPE/W l mt s b sung tuyt vi cho chng trnh dy hc ca ti Gio s Jim Graham

i hc tng hp Manitoba

Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada

SLOPE/W v SEEP/W rt hu ch i vi cng vic nghin cu a k thut. Chng ti c th gii quyt c bt k bi ton no t n gin ti phc tp

Serge Terentieff

De Cerenville Geotechnique S.A EcublensThu S.


Trong nhng nm qua chng ti rt hi lng vi cc phn mm v chng trnh h tr k thut ca GEO-SLOPE. N lc khng ngng ci tin phn mm ca cc bn l rt ng ch

Kevin L. Mann

Cng ty Xy dng Barr

Minneapolis, Bang Minesota, M

B.Gii thiu i nt v MODUL(SLOPE/W)tnh n nh mi dc

Khi thit k cc cng trnh thu,ven b,,k,p,h cha vv...u phi tnh ton,kim tra s n nh ca mi dc nn t.Cc phn mm nc ngoi xm nhp vo Vit nam,cho n thi im hin nay cho thy phn mm GEO-SLOPE ca CANADA l hay hn c,xong ch c 1 vi c s c bn c ph kho,ngi dng hiu cha thu o,ng n phng php lun v ngha ca cc con s u vo u ra,dn n kt qu khng c tin cy.Cho nn vn kim tra,la chn,chnh l,ci bin,bin son ti liu l thuyt v ti liu hng dn s dng phn mm tnh ton n nh mi dc cho ph hp vi iu kin Vit nam l rt cn thit.

C.Cc ni dung chnh ca SLOPE/W c chnh l,ci bin

- khai thc,chy thng chng trnh,kim tra kt qu tnh bng cc v d thc t trong iu kin Vit nam. - C gii trnh cc cng thc tnh, ngha vt l ca s liu u vo,u ra trnh nhm ln cho ngi s dng. - dch,ci bin v ch cc hp thoi ,ti liu l thuyt ca MODUL tnh n nh t ting Anh sang ting Vit tin ch cho ngi dng.

- C ti liu hng dn s dng bng ting Vit v c cc v d mu km theo.

D.Cc kh nng ca MODUL(SLOPE/W)

D.1.Kh nng m hnh ho

-M hnh ho phng php phn tch(Bishop,Janbu,ordinary,Spencer...) ; -M hnh ho mt trt; -M hnh ho cc iu kin p lc l rng; -M hnh ho neo,ti trng ngoi; -M hnh ho t khng bo ho. D.2.Phn tch n nh mi dc theo quan im xc sut

-p dng phng php Monte Carlo ; -Gii quyt c bi ton v tnh bin i ngu nhin ca cc thng s u vo; -Dng hm phn b chun vi lch v phng sai bit; -Xem kt qu phn tch theo xc sut. c gi mun tm hiu su thm v b chng trnh ny,xin lin h vi TS. ,Tel:(04)8.239513 hoc 0913.365.777. Ngi vit li gii thiu

TS. -HXD



Mc lc

Hng dn s dng SLOPE/W .......................................................................... 1 Bi ton v d ............................................................................................................................................... 5

nh ngha bi ton ..................................................................................................................................... 6 Thit lp vng lm vic ........................................................................................................................... 6 Thit lp t l v ...................................................................................................................................... 7 Thit lp li v ...................................................................................................................................... 7 Ghi bi ton ............................................................................................................................................. 8 Phc tho bi ton .................................................................................................................................. 9 Ch ra phng php phn tch .............................................................................................................. 11 Ch ra cc tu chn khi phn tch .......................................................................................................... 12 nh nghi cc c im ca t .......................................................................................................... 12 V ng phn cch lp t - Draw Lines ........................................................................................... 14 V ng o p-Draw Piezometric Lines ............................................................................................. 16 V bn knh mt trt-Draw the Slip Surface Radius .......................................................................... 18 V li mt trt - Slip Surface Grid .................................................................................................... 19 Tu chn-View Preferences .................................................................................................................. 21 V h trc - Sketch Axes ...................................................................................................................... 23 Hin th cc c tnh t-Display Soil Properties .................................................................................. 25 Gn nhn cho cc lp t - Label the Soils .......................................................................................... 28 B sung cc thng tin v bi ton ......................................................................................................... 31 Kim tra li bi ton-Verify the Problem ............................................................................................... 34 Ghi d liu - Save the Problem ............................................................................................................. 35

Gii bi ton-Solving the Problem ........................................................................................................... 36 Bt u gii-Start Solving ..................................................................................................................... 36 Thot khi SOLVE - Quit SOLVE ......................................................................................................... 37

Xem kt qu ................................................................................................................................................ 38 V mt trt bt k - Draw Selected Slip Surfaces .............................................................................. 39 Hin th kt qu theo cc phng php tnh khc ................................................................................ 40 Xem lc ca tng phn t t-View the Slice Forces .......................................................................... 40 V chu tuyn - Draw the Contours ........................................................................................................ 42 Thm nhn cho chu tuyn - Draw the Contour Labels ......................................................................... 43 Biu din kt qu trn th - Plot a Graph of the Results .................................................................. 44 In bn v - Print the Drawing ................................................................................................................ 47

S dng cc chc nng nng cao ca SLOPE/W ................................................................................. 48 La chn phng php phn tch chnh xc ........................................................................................ 48 Thc hin phn tch xc xut ................................................................................................................ 49 Chn nh - Import a Picture .................................................................................................................. 59


Bi ton v d Chng ny gii thiu SLOPE/W bng cch trnh by theo kiu tng bc gii mt bi ton phn tch n nh. Sau khi thc hin xong v d ny, bn c th nh ngha c bi ton, tnh h s an ton, xem kt qu v nhanh chng hiu c tng quan cc c im chnh cng nh hot ng ca SLOPE/W.

Hnh.1 minh ho s cho mt bi ton phn tch n nh. Mc ch y l tnh h s an ton ti thiu v xc nh v tr mt trt.

Mt dc c ct thnh 2 lp ti v tr 2:1 (ngang:dc). Lp trn c dy 5m, tng chiu cao ca lt ct l 10m. Nn nm su 4m di lt ct. iu kin p lc nc ln l rng c miu t bng ng o p trong hnh 1. Cc tham s v cng t cng c cho trn hnh 3.1.

Hnh .1 M hnh v d v bi ton tnh n nh



nh ngha bi ton Chng trnh SLOPE/W DEFINE c s dng nh nghi, m t bi ton.

khi ng SLOPE/W DEFINE: Chn DEFINE t menu Start, Programs, Slope/w.

-- hoc--

Kch p chut vo biu tng DEFINE trong ca s SLOPE/W Group. Khi ca s DEFINE xut hin, kch nt Maximize gc trn phi ca s phng to DEFINE ra ton mn hnh. iu ny cng m rng nht vng lm vic nh ngha bi ton.

CH : Coi nh bn c mt s kin thc nht nh v vic s dng Windows. Nu cha, bn cn hc qua mt cht v cch thao tc trong mi trng Windows. Ti liu ny khng hng dn bn cch s dng Windows.

Thit lp vng lm vic Vng lm vic l ni c th s dng cho nh ngha bi ton. Vng lm vic c th nh hn, bng hoc ln hn trang giy in. Nu vng lm vic ln hn trang giy in, bi ton s c in trn nhiu trang khi h s phng bng 1.0 hoc ln hn. Vng lm vic nn c thit lp trc bn c th thao tc vi mt t l quyen thuc. V d, vng lm vic ph hp c th c kch thc: 260 mm * 200 mm.

thit lp kch thc vng lm vic: 1. Chn Page t thc n Set. Hp hi thoi Set Page xut hin:

Nhm Printer Page hin th tn my in c la chn v kch thc vng in c th i vi my in . Nhng thng tin ny s gip bn xc nh c vng lm vic qu trnh in n c thc hin tt p.

2. Chn mm trong hp Page Units.

3. Trong nhm Working Area, g 260 vo hp Width. Nhn phm TAB di chuyn sang hp tip theo.

4. G 200 vo hp Height.

5. Chn OK.


Thit lp t l v Cc i tng hnh hc ca bi ton c nh ngha, miu t theo n v mt. Mt t l thch hp l 1:200, nh va kht ni dung trong trang giy.

Theo nh hnh 3.1, bi ton c chiu cao 14m v rng khong 40m. Gc di-tri ca bi ton s c v to (0,0). Chng ta cn mt kch thc rng hn bi ton mt cht c th dnh l cho bn v. Hy thit lp mt kch thc m rng vo khong 4 n 40m cho c hai chiu. Mi khi cc kch thc c ch ra, DEFINE s tnh ton mt t l thch hp. T l ny s c lm trn ln s chn.

thit lp t l: 1. Chn thc n Set, Scale. Hp hi thoi Set Scale xut hin:

2. Chn Meters trong nhm Engineering Units.

3. G cc gi tr sau y vo nhm Problem Extents:

Minimum: x: -4 Minimum: y: -4

Maximum: x: 40 Maximum: y: 40

Gi tr ca Horz. 1: s c chuyn sang 169.23 v gi tr ca Vert. 1: s c chuyn sang 220. Chng ta khng lm vic vi t l l. y s dng t l 1:80 cho c hai chiu.

4. G 200 vo hp Horz. 1, g 200 vo hp Vert. 1.

Cc gi tr Maximum x s chuyn sang 48 v Maximum y s chuyn sang 36. iu c ngha l vi t l 1:200, vng lm vic ca bi ton cho php th hin kch thc t -4 n 36 m theo chiu y.

5. Chn OK.

V bi ton s dng n v mt v kN, trng lng ring ca nc (unit weight of water) s phi l 9.807 kN/m3.

Thit lp li v Mt nn li s gip bn khi v bi ton. Cc im ny c th c bt dnh, gip vic to im, ng c chnh xc ti to mong mun. Bn c th thit lp khong cch li l 1m.



thit lp v hin th li: 1. Chn Grid t thc n Set. Hp hi thoi Set Grid xut hin:

2. Trong nhm Grid Spacing, g 1 vo X.

3. G 1 vo Y.

Khong cch mt li thc trn mn hnh s l 5.0mm gia cc mt li. Gi tr ny c hin th trong nhm Actual Grid Spacing.

4. Chn Display Grid.

5. Chn Snap to Grid.

6. Chn OK.

Li s xut hin trong ca s DEFINE. Khi bn di chuyn con tr chut, to ca nt li gn con tr chut nht (theo n v tnh ton) s xut hin trn thanh cng c.

Ghi bi ton D liu nh ngha bi ton cn c ghi ra tp. iu ny cn phc v cho cc chng trnh SOLVE, CONTOUR gii v hin th kt qu.

D liu c th c ghi ti bt k thi im no khi nh ngha d liu. Nhn chung nn thng xuyn ghi d liu.


ghi d liuvo tp: 1. Chn Save t thc n File. Hp hi thoi sau xut hin:

2. G tn tp trong hp File Name. Vi v d ny, g LEARN.

3. Chn Save. D liu s c ghi vo tp LEARN.SLP. Mi khi ghi d liu, tn tp s xut hin trn thanh title bar ca ca s DEFINE.

Tn tp c th bao gm c tn a v tn ng dn. Nu bn khng ch ra ng dn, tp s c ghi vo th mc hin th trong hp hi thoi Save.

Phn m rng ca tp phi l SLP. SLOPE/W s b sung phn m rng nu n khng c ch ra.

Ln tip theo bn ghi, d liu s c lu m khng xut hin hp hi thoi Save File As. L do l bi v tn tp c ch ra.

Rt hu ch khi bn sa ni dung mt tp v ghi li di mt tn khc. iu ny nhm gi li ni dung hin ti ca tp c.

ghi d liu vo tp khc: 1. Chn thc n File, Save As. Hp hi thoi tng t nh trn xut hin.

2. G tn tp mi.

Nu tn tp bn g tn ti, bn s c hi xem c ghi d liu ln khng. Nu bn chn No, bn phi g li tn tp. Nu bn chn Yes, ni dung ca tp ang tn ti s b mt do ghi .

Phc tho bi ton Khi nh ngha bi ton tnh n nh, thng thng trc tin bn nn phc tho qua ni dung. Bc ny s gip nhiu khi v chi tit cc phn t hnh hc ca bi ton.

phc tho bi ton tnh n nh: 1. Trn thanh cng c Zoom, nhn chut ln nt Zoom Page.

Ton b vng lm vic s xut hin trn vn trong ca s DEFINE.



2. Chn Lines t thc n Sketch. Con tr chut s bin thnh hnh du + (cross-hair), trn thanh trng thi, bn s thy xut hin dng ch Sketch Lines th hin ch thao tc hin ti.

3. Di chuyn con tr chut n gn im (0,14), c bit qua thanh trng thi, v nhn phm tri. Con tr chut s c dch n ng im c to (0,14) nh c ch bt dnh (Saps in). Nu bn di chuyn tip chut, mt ng k s xut hin t im (0,14) ti v tr hin ti ca chut.

To hin thi ca chut (theo n v tnh - engineering units) lun lun c hin th trn thanh trang thi.

4. Di chuyn chut n gn im (10,14) v nhn phm tri chut. Con tr chut dch chuyn n ng im (10,14) v xut hin mt ng k ni hai im (0,14), (10,14).

5. Di chuyn con tr chut n gn im (30,4) v nhn phm tri chut. Mt ng thng na c k t im (10,14) n (30,4).

6. Di chuyn con tr chut n gn im (40,4) v nhn phm tri. Xut hin tip mt ng k ni (30,4) v (40,4).

7. Di chuyn con tr chut n gn (40,0) v nhn phm tri. Xut hin ng k ni (40,4) v (40,0).

8. Di chuyn con tr n gn (0,0) v nhn phm tri. Xut hin ng k ni (40,0) v (0,0).

9. Di chuyn chut n gn (0,14) v nhn phm tri. Xut hin ng ni (0,0) v (0,14).

10. Nhn phm phi kt thc phc tho ng. Con tr chut chuyn sang hnh mi tn; bn tr v ch Work Mode.

11. Tip tc chn Lines t thc n Sketch.

12. Di chuyn con tr chut n gn im (0,9) v nhn phm tri. Con tr chut dch n ng im (0,9).

13. Di chuyn con tr chut n gn im (20,9) v nhn phm tri. Xut hin ng k ni hai im (0,9) v (20,9), y l ng phn cch hai lp t, lp trn, lp di.

14. Nhn phm phi chut chm dt ch phc tho ng. Con tr chut chuyn sang hnh mi tn v bn li quay v ch Work Mode.

15. Trn thanh cng c Zoom, nhn nt Zoom Objects.

Bn v s c phng to cc ng m bn va phc tho va kht vi ca s DEFINE.


Sau khi bn hon thnh cc bc trn, bn s nhn thy mn hnh tng t di y::

Ch ra phng php phn tch ch ra phng php phn tch:

1. Chn Analysis Method t thc n KeyIn. Hp hi thoi sau y xut hin:



2. Chn Bishop (with Ordinary & Janbu) (y l la chn mc nh).

3. Chn OK.

Ch ra cc tu chn khi phn tch ch ra cc tu chn khi phn tch:

1. Chn Analysis Control t thc n KeyIn. Hp hi thoi sau y xut hin:

2. S dng cc la chn mc nh ca KeyIn Analysis Control:

Khng phn tch xc xut (Probabilistic analysis will not be applied). S dng s hi t mc nh (The default convergence information will be used). Chiu ca mt trt s di chuyn t tri qua phi. (The direction of the slip surface movement will be from

left to right.)

Slip Surface c chn l Grid and Radius. iu ny cho php bn ch ra cc mt trt bng cch nh r mt li cc tm v bn knh ca mt trt

p lc nc mao dn c chn l Piezometric Lines / Ru. Khng ch ra cc vt nt do sc cng (No tension crack will be specified).

3. Chn OK.

nh nghi cc c im ca t Cc thng s v t c cho trong hnh 3.1. Cn nh ngha cho 3 lp.


nh ngha cc c tnh ca t: 1. Chn Soil Properties t thc n KeyIn. Hp hi thoi KeyIn Soil Properties xut hin:

2. G 1 vo Soil (bn di danh sch cc lp), m ch bn nh ngha Soil 1.

3. Nhn phm TAB hai ln chuyn sang Description ( Strength Model khng cn chn v n thuc m hnh Mohr-Coulomb).

4. G Upper Soil Layer vo Description.

5. G 15 vo Unit Weight.

6. G 5 vo Cohesion.

7. G 20 vo Phi.

8. Chn Copy. Cc gi tr cha trong hp son tho s c chp vo danh sch.

9. Lp li t bc 2 n bc 8 cho Soil 2 , dng Lower Soil Layer cho tn lp, 18 cho Unit Weight, 10 cho Cohesion, v 25 cho Phi.

10. G 3 vo Soil.

11. Nhn mi tn bn tri ca Strength Model v chn Bedrock. Description c in Bedrock, Unit Weight thay i thnh -1.

12. Chn Copy chp cc c im lp vo danh sch. Danh sch by gi s trong tng t nh hnh hp hi thoi trn.

13. Chn OK.



V ng phn cch lp t - Draw Lines S hnh hc ca a tng c nh ngha bng cc ng ni cc im. Mt ng phi c nh ngha cho mi lp t. Tt c cc ng phi bt u t im tri nht v kt thc im phi nht. Th tc di y nh ngha ng trn cng cho lp t (Soil 1).

k ng trong bn v: 1. Chn Lines t thc n Draw. Hp hi thoi sau xut hin:

2. Chn 1 trong hp Line # v ng 1 (y l gi tr mc nh).

3. Chn nt Draw. Con tr chut chuyn thnh hnh du + (cross-hair), v thanh trng thi xut hin thng bo cho bit bn ang ch v ng thng Draw Lines.

4. Di chuyn chut n gn im (0,14) v nhn phm tri (To (0,14) s c hin th trn thanh trng thi trc khi nhn chut). Con tr chut dch n ng im (0,14) v to mt im ti y.

5. Di chuyn chut n u mt ca mt dc (10,14) v nhn phm tri chut. Con tr chut li c chuyn n ng im (10,14), mt im na c to (Point 2), ng thi mt ng mu ni im 1 v im 2.

6. Di chuyn con tr chut dc theo b dc ti v tr chia tch 2 lp t (20,9) v nhn phm tri chut. Con tr chut dch n im (20,9), im th 3 c to v mt ng mu ni 2 im 2, 3.

7. Di chuyn con tr chut n chn b dc (30,4) v nhn phm tri chut.

8. Di chuyn con tr chut n mp phi ca bi ton, gn im (40,4) ri nhn phm tri chut. Tip theo nhn phm phi hoc ESC kt thc vic v ng 1 (Line 1).

Hp hi thoi Draw Lines xut hin tip.


9. Bm vo mi tn tr xung bn phi hp Line #. Mt danh sch cc ng c th c (mi ng cho mt lp t) xut hin:

10. Chn 2 trong danh sch s xung v nhn nt Draw v ng 2 (Line 2). Con tr chut li chuyn sang hnh du +.

11. Di chuyn con tr chut n mp tri ca bi ton gn ch tip gip 2 lp t (0,9) v nhn phm tri.

12. Nhn phm tri chut gn im Point 3 (20,9). (Con tr chut dch n ng im 3 thay v to im mi ti (20,9)). Sau nhn phm phi chut kt thc v ng 2 Line 2.

V ng Line 2 kt thc im (Point 3) nm trn phn gia ng 1 (Line 1), SLOPE/W t sinh phn cn li ca ng 2 theo ng 1 t im Point 3 n im Point 5. Tom b ng 2 hin th vi mu v hp thoi Draw Lines li hin ln.

13. Bm vo mi tn bn phi hp Line #, chn 3.

14. Bm OK v ng 2 (Line 3). Lp t Soil 1 s c bng mu vng. Con tr chut chuyn sang hnh du +.

15. Di chuyn con tr chut n gc tri di gn im tip gip lp t th 2 v lp (0,0) v bm phm tri chut.

16. Di chuyn chut ti gc di phi gn im tip gip lp t th 2 v lp (40,0) v nhn phm tri chut. Tip theo nhn phm phi chut kt thc v ng 3.

17. Chn Done trn hp hi thoi Draw Lines kt thc v ng phn cch. Lp t Soil 2 s c t mu xanh ti.



Sau khi bn hon tt cc bc trn, mn hnh ca bn trng tng t nh di y:

V ng o p-Draw Piezometric Lines iu kin v p lc nc l rng (The pore-water pressure conditions) i vi c hai lp t Soil 1, Soil 2 c cho bi mt ng o p.

v ng o p-: 1. Nu bn tt ch hin th li, hy chn Snap Grid t thanh cng c Grid Toolbar.


2. Chn Pore Water Pressure t thc n Draw. Hp hi thoi sau xut hin:

3. Chn 1 trong Piez. Line # v 1 ng o p (y l gi tr mc nh).

4. Chn Soil 1 (Upper Soil Layer) v Soil 2 (Lower Soil Layer) trong nhm Apply To Soils p dng ng o p cho Soils 1 v 2.

5. Chn nt Draw. Con tr s chuyn sang hnh du +, trn thanh cng c xut hin ch dn Draw P.W.P..

6. Di chuyn con tr chut ti gn im (0,11) (mp tri ca bi ton) v nhn phm tri chut. Con tr chut c dch n im (0,11) v mt im na c to ra (Point 9).

7. Di chuyn chut n gn im (15,8) v nhn phm tri chut. Con tr chut dch n im (15,8), mt im na li c to, im 10 (Point 10), ng thi hnh thnh mt ng nt t ni t im 9 n im 10.

8. Di chuyn chut ti gn im (30,3) v nhn phm tri.

9. Di chuyn chut ti gn im (40,3) v nhn phm tri. Tip theo nhn phm phi kt thc v ng o p cho cc lp t Soils 1 v 2.

Hp hi thoi Draw Piez. Lines li xut hin.

10. Chn Done trong hp hi thoi Draw Piez. Lines kt thc v ng o p.

V mt trt khng ko di n lp , khng cn thit phi nh ngha ng o p cho lp .

Sau khi bn hon thnh cc bc trn, mn hnh ca bn trng tng t nh di y:



V bn knh mt trt - Draw the Slip Surface Radius iu khin v tr ca mt trt th nghim, cn thit phi nh ngha cc ng hoc cc im m s dng cho vic tnh ton bn knh cung trt (slip circle radii).

v ng bn knh (radius lines) 1. Nu bn tt ch hin th li, nhn Snap to Grid trn thanh cng c Grid.

2. Chn Slip Surface t thc n Draw. Thc n con ca Slip Surface xut hin.

Chn Radius t thc n con ny. Con tr chut chuyn sang hnh du + v trn thanh trng thi xut hin ch dn Draw Slip Surface Radius.

3. Di chuyn chut n gn im (15,4) v nhn phm tri. Con tr chut dch n im (15,4) v to ra im 13 (Point 13).

4. Di chuyn chut n gn im (15,2) v nhn phm tri chut. Con tr chut dch n im (15,2), to ra im 14 (Point 14), ng thi xut hin mt ng fk mu ni im 13, 14.

5. Di chuyn chut n gn im (29,2) v nhn phm tri chut.


6. Di chuyn chut n gn im (29,4) v nhn phm tri chut.

Vng dng v ng bn knh s c k vin, hp hi thoi Draw Slip Surface Radius xut hin:

7. Chp nhn gi tr mc nh cho #of Radius Increments.

9. Chn OK sinh cc ng bn knh khc (radius lines).

Ba ng bn knh c hin th trn ca s DEFINE. SLOPE/W SOLVE s nh ngha cung trt m s dng cc ng ny lm trc (tangent).

Sau khi bn hon thnh cc bc trn, mn hnh s nhn tng t nh di y:

V li mt trt - Slip Surface Grid Li cc tm quay (rotation centers) phi c nh ngha ch ra v iu khin v tr ca mt trt th nghim.



v li cc tm im (centers): 1. Nu bn tt ch hin th li, bm nt Snap to Grid trn thanh cng c Grid.

2. Chn Slip Surface t thc n Draw. Thc n con ca Slip Surface xut hin.

Chn Grid t thc n con ny. Con tr chut chuyn sang hnh du + (cross-hair), v thanh trng thi s xut hin ch bo Draw Slip Surface Grid.

4. Di chuyn con tr chut n gn im (23,25) v nhn phm tri chut. (Bn c th cn phi cun mn hnh trc thy im ny). Con tr chut dch n ng im (23,25) v to ra im 17 (Point 17).

5. Di chuyn chut n gn im (22,19) v nhn phm tri chut. Con tr chut dch n ng im (22,19) v mt im mi c to, im 18 (Point 18). Nu bn tip tc di chuyn con tr chut, mt hnh bnh hnh c v t im 17, 18 n to hin ti ca chut.

6. Di chuyn chut n gn im (26,19) v nhn phm tri chut. Mt hnh bnh hnh c v ni 3 im 17,18,19 (Point 17, Point 18, Point 19).

Vng li cc tm im s c v b nh du. Hp hi thoi Draw Slip Surface Grid xut hin:

Gi tr trong increment ch ra cch chia li theo chiu ngang v dc.

7. G 2 vo X.

8. G 3 vo Y.

9. Chn OK hoc Apply to li cc tm im.

Mt li gm 12 tm im hin th trn mn hnh DEFINE. SLOPE/W SOLVE s nh ngha cung trt qua cc tm im ny.


Sau khi hon tt cc bc trn, mn hnh ca bn trng nh di y:

Tu chn-View Preferences Bn khng cn phi xem cc im hoc s hiu cc im trn mn hnh DEFINE.



tt cc im hoc s hiu cc im: 1. Chn Preferences t thc n View. Hp hi thoi di y xut hin:

3. B chn Points khng hin th im trn bn v.

4. B chn Point & Line Numbers khng hin th s hiu im hoc ng trn bn v.

5. Chn OK.


Bi ton s c v li m khng c cc im cng nh s hiu im, ng.

CH : Bn cng c th chn hay b chn View Preferences bng cch nhn vo biu tng trn thanh cng c View Preferences. Bn c th bit c ngha ca mi biu tng bng cch di chuyn chut qua biu tng . Mt thng bo ngn xut hin trong mt vi giy v mt m t cng xut hin trn thanh trang thi.

V h trc - Sketch Axes Phc tho mt h trc trn bn v gip cho vic xem xt v c thng tin bn v sau khi in tr nn d dng hn.

phc tho mt h trc: 1. Nu bn tt ch hin th li, nhn chut vo nt Snap to Grid trn thanh cng c Grid. iu ny cho

php bn nh ngha mt vng to chn cho h trc.



2. Chn Axes t thc n Sketch. Hp hi thoi sau xut hin:

3. Chn Left Axis, Bottom Axis, v Axis Numbers trong nhm Display. Khng chn Top Axis v Right Axis.

Vic chn nh th s to nn trc X nm ngang bn di v trc Y nm dc bn tri vng c ch ra.

4. Chn OK. Con tr chut s chuyn sang hnh du +, v thanh trng thi xut hin dng ch bo Sketch Axes.

5. Dch chuyn chut n gn im (0,0). Gi phm tri chut.

6. Ko chut n gn im (40,25) v nh chut.

Mt h trc x- v y- c sinh ra trong vng c chn.


Sau khi hon thnh cc thao tc trn, mn hnh ca bn trng nh di y:

Nu bn mun thay i rng khong cch chia trn cc trc, chn Axes t thc n Set. Xem thm ti liu lin quan n DEFINE.

Hin th cc c tnh t - Display Soil Properties Bi ton c nh ngha xong. Bn c th kim tra li cc thng s thuc tnh t m bo chng c nhp chnh xc. Lnh View Soil Properties cho php bn chn lp t v xem cc thuc tnh ca n; bn cng c th hin th tt c cc thng s ca t, in n hay copy vo Clipboard chuyn vo ng dng khc.



xem cc thng s v t: 1. Chn Soil Properties t thc n View. Con tr chut bin thnh hnh du +, thanh trng thi xut hin dng

thng bo View Soil Properties. Hp hi thoi sau xut hin:

2. Di chuyn con tr chut n gn im (5,11) (hoc bt c ch no bn trong lp t 1 hoc bn trn ca ng 1, Line 1) v nhn phm tri chut. Lp t c chn s b t nn li, ng phn cch v cc im c hin sng ln. Cc thng s lp t c xut hin nh di y:

Hp hi thoi hin th s lp t, m t, loi m hnh, cc thng s cho m hnh, cc ng o p hoc gi tr ru gn cho lp t v p lc nc ln l rng..

3. xem ton b cc c tnh ca t, hy thay i kch thc hp hi thoi bng cch ko ng vin ca hp hi thoi cho n khi tt c cc thng tin xut hin y .

4. xem cc c im ca lp t 2, Soil 2, bm chut gn im (5,5) (hoc bt c u bn trong lp t 2 hoc bn trn ng 2, Line 2) v nhn chut tri. Lp t c chn b t nn li, cc ng phn cch, cc im s hin sng. Thng tin v lp t 2 hin ln trong hp hi thoi.


5. xem danh sch tt c cc thng s v t, nhn nt All Soils.

Lp t ang chn hin thi s khng c chn, tt c cc thng tin v t hin th nh hnh di y:

6. copy tt c cc thng s ca t vo b m, nhn nt Copy. Bn c th dn cc thng tin sang ng dng khc trong mi trng Windows.



7. in tt c cc thng tin v lp t, chn nt Print. Hp hi thoi sau xut hin:

8. Chn my in t danh sch Printer Name v nhn OK in.

9. Chn nt Done hoc nhn phm phi chut kt thc vic hin th thng tin v lp t.

Gn nhn cho cc lp t - Label the Soils Bn khng ch xem cc thng s v dt nh trn, bn cng c th gn nhn cho cc lp t. Vi v d ny, bn s gn nhn nh danh cho lp t.

gn nhn cho lp t - To add soil labels: 1. Chn Text t thc n Sketch. Hp hi thoi sau xut hin:


2. Bm nt Soil. Hp hi thoi sau xut hin:

3. Di chuyn con tr chut n lp t trn (ch con tr chut chuyn sang hnh mi tn mu en khi nm trong mt lp t) Nhn chut tri gn im (2,11) chn lp t 1, Soil 1. Lp t ny c t vi nn li, cc im v ng phn cch lp hin sng. Cc thng s lp t xut hin trong hp hi thoi:

Mc nh, tt cc cc tham s u c chn trong danh sch.



4. Bi v bn ch mun hin th tn lp (miu t), b chn mi tham s khc, ch gi li Description. Bn s phi s dng thanh cun xem tt c cc tham s trong danh sch.

5. Chn Description trong danh sch Soil Properties, xo ni dung hin trong Title.

Khi bn hon tt cc bc va nu, bn s thy nh sau (ch Description c chn v Title khng c g):

6. Bm nt Font chn font s dng cho nhn. Hp hi thoi di y xut hin::

7. Chn font no bn mun trong danh sch Font v kiu font trong danh sch Font Style.

8. Chn kch thc font t danh sch Size.

9 Chn OK quay tr li hp hi thoi Sketch Text.

10. Di chuyn con tr chut bn trong lp t 1, Soil 1(lp t ang c chn), cho n khi con tr chut chuyn thnh hnh du +. Sau nhn phm tri chut gn im (2,11) lm ni t nhn cho lp t.

CH : Khi bn di chuyn con tr chut bn trong lp t m cha c chn, con tr chut chuyn sang hnh mi tn mu en. iu mun ni ln rng nhn s khng c to nu bn nhn phm tri chut, thay vo , lp t mi s c chn.


Nhn Upper Soil Layer xut hin bn trn - phi ca im bn chn.

11. t nhn trn lp t 2, Soil 2, di chuyn chut bn trong lp t di. (Ch con tr chut chuyn sang mu en.) Nhn phm tri chut gn im (2,4) chn lp t 2, Soil 2. Lp t c t nn li, ng phn cch v cc im hin sng. Thng tin v lp t 2 hin th trong hp hi thoi Sketch Text.

12. Nhn phm tri chut bn trong lp t 2 gn im (2,4) t nhn mi.

Nhn Lower Soil Layer xut hin trn bn v.

CH : Nhn ca lp t 2 khc nhn ca lp t 1. Bi v khi bn t nhn, miu t v lp t nhn c t Soil Properties. Nu bn thay i m t ca lp t bng cch dng chc nng Soil Properties ca thc n KeyIn, nhn s t ng cp nht. Nu bn mun hin th nhiu thng tin v t trn nhn, chn Modify, Text v chn nhn ca lp t.

13. Nhn nt Done kt thc vic t nhn. Bn cng c th nhn phm phi chut hoc n ESC.

Sau khi hon tt cc bc trn, mn hnh ca bn trng tng t di y:

B sung cc thng tin v bi ton Bn c th a vo mt nhn m t bi ton. Cc bc thc hin tng t nh gn nhn cho lp t, tuy nhin, trc ht bn cn nhp cc thng tin v bi ton. Trong SLOPE/W, mi bi ton c gi l mt Project (d n)



ch ra cc thng tin v bi ton: 1. Chn Project ID t thc n KeyIn. Hp hi thoi sau xut hin:

2. Trong Title, g tiu cho bi ton, v d SLOPE/W Example Problem.

3. Trong Comments, g miu t bi ton, v d Learn Example in Chapter 3.

4. Nhn OK.

t nhn m t bi ton ln bn v: 1. Chn Text t thc n Sketch. Hp hi thoi sau xut hin:


2. Chn Project ID. Mn hnh Project ID xut hin:

Mc nh, tt c cc tham s trong danh sch Settings c chn.

3. Trong danh sch Settings, chn cc tham s bn mun a vo nhn. V d, b tt c cc tham s, gi li Description, Comments, File Name v Analysis Method. (Dng thanh cun xem cc tham s khc)

4. Chn Description trong danh sch Settings, xo ni dung trong Title.

Lp li bc va ri cho Comments.

Sau khi hon tt cc bc trn, mn hnh Project ID trng c dng sau:

5. t nhn cho bi ton ln bn v, nhn phm tri chut gn im (20,12).

Nhn xut hin v tr trn-phi ca to chut.

6. Chn Done kt thc vic nh danh bi ton.

CH : Nu bn thay i cc thng tin v bi ton, nhn s t ng cp nht. Nu bn mun hin th nhiu hn cc thng tin v bi ton trn nhn, chn Modify, Text v nhn vo nhn ca bi ton.



Sau khi bn hon thnh cc cng vic trn, mn hnh ca bn c dng sau:

Kim tra li bi ton-Verify the Problem Sau khi nh ngha xong bi ton, nn kim tra li m bo d liu c nhp chnh xc. Lnh Verify ca thc n Tools tin hnh mt s thao tc kim tra gip bn tm li trong nh ngha bi ton.


kim tra bi ton: 1. Chn Verify t thc n Tools. Hp hi thoi sau xut hin:

2. Nhn nt Verify.

SLOPE/W kim tra d liu bi ton. Nu tm thy li trong d liu, cc thng bo li s xut hin trong hp hi thoi. Tng s li xut hin trn dng cui cng. V d, nu im kt thc ca ng o p Line 1 khng vt qua bin ca m hnh, thng bo sau xut hin trn hp hi thoi:

3. xem tt c cc thng bo, thay i kch thc ca hp thoi bng cch ko dn cc ng vin ca s cho n khi va .

4. Nhn Done ng hp thoi.

Ghi d liu - Save the Problem Qu trnh nh ngha hon tt, chn File, Save ghi d liu. SOLVE s c tp d liu ny tnh ton h s an ton.



Gii bi ton-Solving the Problem Phn tip theo ca qu trnh phn tch l s dng SLOPE/W SOLVE tnh h s an ton.

khi ng SOLVE v t ng np tp d liu LEARN.SLP, nhn chut ln nt SOLVE trn thanh cng c DEFINE:

SOLVE button

Ca s SOLVE xut hin. SOLVE s t ng m tp LEARN.SLP v hin th tn tp:

Thay vo , bn c th khi ng SOLVE bng cch nhn vo biu tng SOLVE trong nhm SLOPE/W Group ca thc n Start v m tp LEARN.SLP qua lnh File, Open Data File.

Bt u gii - Start Solving bt u gii bi ton tm h s an ton, nhn chut ln nt Start ca ca s SOLVE.

Mt chm mu xanh xut hin gia nt Start v Stop. Chm ny nhp nhy trong khi bi ton c gii.


Trong qu trnh tnh ton, SOLVE hin th h s an ton ti thiu (minimum factors of safety) v s hiu mt trt hin ti ang phn tch. V d vi bi ton trn, c 36 mt trt c phn tch.

SOLVE ghi kt qu phn tch ra mt s tp, c miu t trong phn Limit Equilibrium Method. CONTOUR s c cc tp ny v hin th kt qu.

Thot khi SOLVE - Quit SOLVE Bn tnh xong h s an ton. Chn File, Exit thot khi SLOPE/W SOLVE, nhoc nhn nt Minimize ca ca s SOLVE thu nh mn hnh SOLVE.



Xem kt qu Chng trnh SLOPE/W CONTOUR cho php bn xem kt qu ca vic phn tch bi ton bng ho:

Hin th bt k mt trt no c phn tch vi h s an ton ca n. To ra cc im chu tuyn ca h s an ton - Generating contour plots of the factors of safety. Hin th lc tnh v a gic lc cho bt k mt ct no trong mt trt ti thiu. V th kt qu tnh ton - Plotting graphs of the computed results. khi ng CONTOUR v t ng np tp s liu LEARN.SLP, nhn nt CONTOUR trn thanh cng c DEFINE (nu DEFINE vn m bi ton LEARN). Cch ny tng t nh khi ng SOLVE.

CONTOUR button

Mn hnh CONTOUR xut hin. CONTOUR t ng m tp LEARN.SLP:

Cch khc, bn c th chy CONTOUR bng cch nhn vo biu tng ca n trong nhm SLOPE/W Group ca thc n Start v m tp LEARN.SLP bng lnh File, Open.


Bn v ca CONTOUR s c th hin theo nhng la chn trong View, Preferences khi bn ghi bi ton c nh ngha bng DEFINE. Bn c th xem cc phn khc ca bn v bng cch thay i Preferences t thc n View ca CONTOUR.

CH : Bn c th chn hay b chn cc kiu xem ca thc n View, Preferences bng cch nhn vo biu tng trn thanh cng c View Preferences. Bn s bit tc dng ca tng nt khi di chuyn chut qua , mt ch dn ngn xut hin.

V mt trt bt k - Draw Selected Slip Surfaces v mt trt khc mt trt ti thiu - To draw slip surfaces other than the minimum slip surface:

1. Chn Slip Surfaces t thc n Draw ca CONTOUR. Hp hi thoi sau xut hin:

Con tr chut chuyn sang hnh du +, v thanh trng thi xut hin thng bo Draw Slip Surfaces.

Hp hi thoi cung cp thng tin v mt trt hin thi ang c hin th trn hnh v: s hiu mt trt, gi tr ca Lambda, momen and/or force factors of safety.

3. Trn hp hi thoi, nhn chut vo mi tn bn phi Slip #. Danh sch cc mt trt khc vi cng li cc tm im (tm trt ?) s xut hin.

4. Chn bt k mt trt no bn mun.

Mt trt va chn cng h s an ton hin th trn ca s CONTOUR. Hp hi thoi hin th cc thng tin mi v mt trt ny: s hiu, lamda, momem and/or force factors of safety.

5. hin th cc mt trt khc, di chuyn chut trn ca s CONTOUR gn li tm quay (grid rotation center ) ca mt trt cn th hin v nhn phm tri.

CONTOUR v mt trt nh nht (minimum slip surface) cho tm quay ny v hin th h s an ton bn trong li cc tm im (grid center point).

6. kt thc, nhn Done hoc nhn phm phi chut.



Hin th kt qu theo cc phng php tnh khc Trong DEFINE, bn chn phng php Bishop (with Ordinary & Janbu) tnh h s an ton. V th CONTOUR hin th h s an ton Bishop, cc h s an ton Ordinary v Janbu cng c th c xem.

xem h s an ton ca cc phng php khc: 1. Chn Method t thc n View. Hp hi thoi sau xut hin:

Phng php hin thi hin th trong hp Method.

2. Bm mi tn bn phi Method. Danh sch cc phng php khc xut hin.

3. Chn mt phng php bt k. V d Janbu.

4. Chn OK.

Janbu c hin th trn thanh cng c Method ch ra phng php hin thi. Nu thanh cng c Method khng xut hin, chn thc n View, Toolbars v Method.

Mt trt nh nht c tnh theo phng php Janbu hin th trn mn hnh CONTOUR; h s an ton Janbu hin th bn trong li tm quay. Nu bn mun xem cc mt trt khc ca phng php Janbu, chn Slip Surfaces t thc n Draw v chn mt trt xem.

CH : Thay cho s dng thc n View, Method, bn c th chn phng php s hin th t thanh cng c Method.

5. Chn View, Method mt ln na v chn Bishop tr v ch xem mc nh.

-- hoc

Chn nt Default trn thanh cng c Method.

Default Method button

Mt trt nh nht ca phng php mc nh (v d Bishop) c hin th trn mn hnh CONTOUR.

Xem lc ca tng phn t t - View the Slice Forces Lc c tnh cho mt trt ti thiu c th c hin th nh mt s tnh v a gic lc ca tng phn t t


Xem lc tc ng ln tng phn t t: 1. Chn Slice Forces t thc n View.

Mt ca s trng xut hin. Con tr chuyn t hnh mi tn sang hnh du +, thanh trng thi xut hin ch bo View Slice Forces.

2. v s lc ca phn t t no, di chuyn chut bn trong phn t v nhn chut tri. Hnh sau s xut hin trong ca s:

S tnh hin th cc lc tc ng ln phn t t c chn i vi phng php tnh hin ti trn mt trt ti thiu. ln ca mi Vector lc c hin th bn cnh mi tn ( di ca Vector khng theo ng t l), v hng ca mi tn ch hng ca Vector. a gic lc miu t tng hp tt c cc lc tc ng ln phn t t. a gic lc khp kn th hin s cn bng ca lc tc ng ln phn t t.

3. thay i kch thc ca s hin th hnh v, ko mp ca s cho ti khi t kch thc mong mun.

4. Chn Copy Diagram sao chp hnh v vo Clipboard, c th dn sang ng dng khc lm bo co chng hn, trnh din k thut chng hn.

5. Chn Copy Data sao chp thng tin v lc tc ng ln phn t t vo clipboard theo nh dng text.

6. Chn Print in hnh v (theo kch thc hin th trn mn hnh) .

7. Lp li cc bc t 2 n 6 cho n khi bn kt thc qu trnh xem thng tin.

8. Chn Done hoc nhn phm phi chut kt thc.



Xem thm View Slice Forces trong chng 6 bit chi tit v lnh ny.

V chu tuyn - Draw the Contours Cc h s an ton ti thiu ti mi tm quay c th c v chu tuyn.

v chu tuyn ca cc h s an ton: 1. Chn Contours t thc n Draw. Hp hi thoi sau xut hin:

Nhm Data hin th gi tr ln nht v nh nht ca h s an ton cho phng php tnh hin ti. Cc gi tr mc nh ca chu tuyn c hin th trong nhm Contour Range v c th dng v chu tuyn ca ton b cc h s an ton.

2. G 0.01 trong Increment By.

3. G 7 trong Number Of Contours.

4. Nhn Apply.

CONTOUR ln lt to ra s ng chu tuyn trong hp d liu. Lp li bc 2 nu bn mun thay i cc gi tr chu tuyn.

5. Nhn OK.


Cc h s an ton c v chu tuyn nh di y:

Thm nhn cho chu tuyn - Draw the Contour Labels thm nhn cho chu tuyn trn bn v:

1. Chn Contour Labels t thc n Draw.

Con tr chuyn thnh hnh du +.

2. Di chuyn chut n v tr thch hp trn mt ng chu tuyn v nhn phm tri.

Gi tr ca chu tuyn xut hin trn ng chu tuyn. Nu bn mun xo nhn chu tuyn, n gin ch cn nhn chut ln nhn, nhn thm ln na, nhn xut hin tr li.

3. Lp li bc 2 cho cc ng chu tuyn khc m bn mun.

4. Nhn ESC hoc phm phi chut kt thc t nhn cho chu tuyn.



Sau khi chu tuyn c gn nhn, li cc h s an ton trng tng t di y::

Biu din kt qu trn th - Plot a Graph of the Results Cc lc tc ng ln mi phn t t ca mt trt nguy him nht c tnh v lu trong tp c phn m rng l FRC. CONTOUR cho php bn xem s tnh ca lc v s a gic lc trn tng phn t t. V d, vi bi ton trn, ta s v th phn b p lc nc mao dn t u n cui b mt trt nguy him nht.

v th: 1. Chn Graph t thc n Draw. Hp hi thoi sau xut hin:


Mn hnh Graph cng hin th , bao gm mt th cho cc iu kin c chn:

2. Nhn mi tn bn phi danh sch, cc iu kin c th dng v th hin ra.

3. Chn Pore-Water Pressure t danh sch. th di y xut hin:



4. Lp li bc 2, 3 cho bt k loi th no bn mun hin th.

5. Chn File, Print trong ca s Graph nu bn mun in th. Chn Edit, Copy nu bn mun sao chp th vo Clipboard dn sang ng dng khc.

6. Chn Set, Options chi ra cc tu chn khi v th. Hp hi thoi sau xut hin:

7. Nhn nt Font chi font cho th.


8. ng ca s Graph, nhy p chut vo control-menu trn gc tri.

9. Chn Done t Draw Graph.

In bn v - Print the Drawing in bn v ca CONTOUR:

1. m bo rng ton b bn v c hin th trong ca s trc khi in. hin th ton b bn v, nhn chut ln nt Zoom Objects trn thanh cng c Zoom. (Nu thanh cng c ny khng xut hin, chn View, Toolbars, Zoom).

2. Nhn nt Print trn thanh cng c. Hp hi thoi sau xut hin:

3. Chn OK in bn v ra my in vi cc kch thc mc nh.

Khi kt thc xem kt qu, chn thc n File, Exit thot SLOPE/W CONTOUR, hoc thu nh ca s CONTOUR bng cch nhn nt Minimize.

n y, bn kt thc bi hc gii thiu v SLOPE/W. Bn c mt s kin thc nht nh hiu hot ng v kh nng ca SLOPE/W. Khng phi tt c cc chc nng ca SLOPE/W c s dng trong bi ny. Bn s i su vo n trong cc phn tip theo.



S dng cc chc nng nng cao ca SLOPE/W Phn ny hng dn bn s dng cc chc nng nng cao c trong SLOPE/W, bao gm chn nh, la chn phng php phn tch ti u, phn tch xc xut.

minh ho cho cc c tnh ny, bn vn s dng tp d liu LEARN.SLP c to t phn trc.

La chn phng php phn tch chnh xc SLOPE/W c th tnh h s an ton bng nhiu cch (phng php). Mt cu hi thng thy l liu phng php no s cho kt qu tt nht?. Do khng c cu tr li xc ng y nn trong chng 7, phn Adopting A Method s l gii ti sao vic tm ra phng php phn tch chnh xc nht (v d Spencer, Morgenstern-Price hoc GLE) c th a n mt kt qu chnh xc hn cho h s an ton. Vi bi ton v d ny, chng ta s thay i phng php phn tch t Bishop sang Morgenstern-Price.

ch ra rng s dng phng php phn tch chnh xc (Rigorous Method of Analysis): 1. Chn Analysis Method t thc n KeyIn v chn phng php Morgenstern-Price, nh ch ra bn di:


2. Chn OK. Hp hi thoi Side Function xut hin, cho php bn ch ra cc hm s c dng tnh interslice shear forces:

3. Chn Half-Sine Function v nhn OK.

Xem thm phn Interslice Forces trong chng 8.

Phng php phn tch by gi chuyn t Bishop sang Morgenstern-Price.

Thc hin phn tch xc xut Qu trnh phn tch n nh nh chng ta va lm trn tnh h s an ton da trn mt tp hp cc iu kin v tham s vt liu c nh. Trong phn tch quyt nh, khng c cch no tnh n trng hp c cc loi khc nhau ca t. Chc nng phn tch xc xut ca SLOPE/W cho php bn quan tm n nhiu loi tham s u vo khc nhau, bao gm c d liu v lp t..

Phn tch xc xut (probabilistic analysis) nhm xc nh xc xut ph v mt dc, gip bn tr li cu hi, n nh ca b dc l nh th no? Phn tch nh trc (khng c yu t xc xut) khng th gip a ra cu tr li cu hi . Bi v, theo cch phn tch , mt dc c coi l n nh nu h s an ton ln hn kt qu tnh c v khng an ton nu nh hn.

SLOPE/W Version 4 thc hin phn tch xc xut bng cch dng phng php Monte Carlo. Xem phn Probabilistic Analysis trong chng 7 v Probabilistic Slope Stability Analysis trong chng 8 c thm thng tin.

Vi v d ny, chng ta s b sung mt lch chun (standard deviation) cho cc thng s v t v ng o p m bn nhp trc y.



ch ra phn tch xc xut trong DEFINE: 1. Chn Analysis Control t thc n KeyIn. Hp hi thoi sau xut hin:

2. Chn Apply Probabilistic Analysis.

3. G 2000 trong Monte Carlo Trials.

4. G 1 trong Std. Deviation (of head).

Cc gi tr khc c th vn gi nguyn nh c.

5. Nhn OK.


nhp lch chun cho cc thng s t: 1. Chn Soil Properties t thc n KeyIn. Hp hi thoi sau xut hin:

2. Chn Soil 1 trong danh sch.

3. G cc gi tr sau y vo cc thch hp:

Unit Weight: 15 Standard Deviation: 1 Cohesion: 5 Standard Deviation: 2 Phi: 20 Standard Deviation: 3

4. Bm Copy cp nht thay i vo danh sch.

5. Chn Soil 2 v nhp cc gi tr sau vo tng ng:

Unit Weight: 18 Standard Deviation: 2 Cohesion: 10 Standard Deviation: 2 Phi: 25 Standard Deviation: 5

6. Nhn Copy cp nht thay i.



7. Bm OK.

ghi d liu phn tch xc xut: 1. Chn Save As t thc n File ghi ra tp khc. Hp hi thoi di y xut hin:

2. G LEARN2 trong File name.

3. Nhn nt Save.

Tp c ghi vi tn LEARN2.SLP.

CH : Mc d khng quan tm trong v d ny, cc gi tr khc nhau ca ng ti trng, h s ng t cng c th c a vo khi phn tch xc xut.

Tin hnh thc hin phn tch xc xut: Khi ng SOLVE bng cch nhn nt SOLVE trn thanh cng c (nu DEFINE vn m tp LEARN2):

SOLVE button

Ca s SOLVE. SOLVE t ng m tp LEARN2.SLP.

Nhn nt Start trn ca s SOLVE.

Mt chm xanh nhp nhy khi ang phn tch.


Trong qu trnh phn tch xc xut, h s an tan ti thiu nhn c s dng gi tr trung bnh ca cc tham s u vo t cc phng php phn tch khc nhau c hin th.

Khi vic phn tch kt thc, h s an ton trung bnh ti mt trt nguy him nht hin th cho cc phng php khc nhau, bao gm c Morgenstern-Price (M-P):

CH : H s an ton trung bnh s khc nhau mi khi bn chy SOLVE. Gi tr thay i s ph thuc vo cc tham s u vo, s ln th Monte Carlo. Nu h s an ton trung bnh khc nhau nhiu mi khi phn tch, bn c th tng s php th Monte Carlo.

Bn tnh xong h s an ton. Thot khi SLOPE/W SOLVE, hoc thu nh ca s SOLVE.

Xem kt qu phn tch xc xut trong CONTOUR: Khi ng CONTOUR bng cch nhn biu tng CONTOUR trn thanh cng c (nu DEFINE vn m d liu ca LEARN2):

CONTOUR button



Ca s CONTOUR xut hin. CONTOUR t ng m tp LEARN2.SLP:

CH : H s an ton c hin th trn li tm im lun l h s an ton nh nht s dng gi tr trung bnh cc d liu u vo. N khng phi l h s an ton trung bnh ca cc php th Monte Carlo.

V th kt qu phn tch xc xut: 1. Chn Probability t thc n Draw. Hp hi thoi sau xut hin:


Mc nh, th hm mt xc xut (Probability Density Function) c hin th. Biu h s an ton cng hin th:

Trc Frequency (%) ch ra phn tn ca h s an ton theo php th Monte Carlo tnh bng n v %. Mc nh, s lp l 20.



2. Thay i s s lp thnh 40 trong # of classes v nhn Refresh. th c cp nht:


3. xem hm phn b xc xut, nhn nt Distribution Function trong hp thoi Draw Probability. Hm phn b xc xut hin ra nh sau:

Hm trn l hm phn b xc xut ca cc h s an ton nh hn mt h s an ton nht nh. ng chm ch ra xc xut m h s an ton s nh hn 1.0 (v d, xc xut ph hoi...).



4. Hm phn b xc xut cho h s an ton ln hn mt gi tr nht nh c th xem bng cch chn nt tng ng trn hp hi thoi Draw Probability.


5. Chn nt Data



2. Chn Import Picture t thc n File. Hp hi thoi sau xut hin:

3. Chn tp HighFive.bmp v nhn Open.

Con tr chut chuyn thnh hnh du +.

4. Di chuyn con tr chut trn bn v n v tr bn mun t logo v nhn chut tri.

nh c t ti v tr bn ch ra..


Mn hnh ca bn sau trng tng t di y:

thay i kch thc v v tr nh: 1. Chn Modify, Objects .

Con tr chut chuyn sang hnh mi tn mu en.

2. Nhn chut ln logo.

3. Di chuyn logo ti v tr cn thay i.

4. Nhn Done hoc n ESC kt thc.

CH : Bn c th chn nhiu nh vo bn v.

Hdsd Slope

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