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SCHNEIDER ELECTRICS. A. L, it "^

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HaONG DAN THIET KE LAP DAT DIEN

Theo tieu chuan quoc te lEC

( In Idn thit4 CO chink sixa) DAI HOC QUOC G'A HA MQi

TRUNG TAM THONG TiN IHU

\)0/U^j 6 I

iVgirdf dich

Phan Thi Thanh Binh, Phan Quoc Dung, Pham Quang Vinh, Phan Thj Thu Van Phan Ke Phuc, Nguyen Van Nhd, Difdng Lan Hi/dng, Bui Ngoc Thi/ To HQU Phuc, Nguydn Ba Ban, Nguydn Thi Quang, Ngo Hal Thanh

NHA XUAT BAN KHOA HOC VA KY THUAT

HA NOI - 2005

MUC LUC

1. Ldi tifa Ldi gidi thieu

3. Cam ta 4. Muc luc

Trail ii

3 5

MLl

1 2

CHLfdNG B 1ONG QUAN CONG SUAT DAT PhiWng phap luan

dinh * '

y s '

2.1 Xac diiih cap dien ap 2.2 Cac qui dinh 2.3 Cac tieu chuan 2.4 Chat lifdng va tinh an toan cua mang cung cap dien 2.5 Kiem tra ban dau cua mot mang dien 2.6 Kiem tra djnh ky mang dien 2.7 St/ phu hdp (vdi cac tieu chuan va dac diem ky thuat) ctja

thiet bi diTdc suT diing trong mang dien nhiel

g ccf cam iJng 3 Do: 3.1 Do 3.2 Dong ccf mot chieu 3.3 Cac thiet bi nhiet kieu dien trcJ va den nung sang (loai

halogen hoac thong dung) /v '

3.4 Den huynh quang va cac thiet bi lien quan 3.5 Den phong dien 4 Cong suat tai cua liTdi 4.1 Cong suat dat (kW)

BI BI B5 B5 B7 B7

BIO Bl l B12 B13

B15 B16 B18 B23

B25 B27 B29 B30

MLl

4.2 ( '>ng .suat dat bicu icicn (kVA) B31 4.3 Tinirtoan cong suat yeu cau thifc B33 4.4 Vi du .sij- dung cac he so ku va ks B36

, ,4 .5 He so kliong dong thcfi B38 '^'4.6 Chpn lira cong suat may bien ap B38

4.7 Chon li/a nguon cung cap dien B39

CHliC^NG C CAC TRAM BIEN AP PILAN PHOI TRUNG/ HA CI

1 Ngubn trung ap C1 1.1 Dac tinh cung cap cua li/di phan phdi trung ap C1 1.2 Sd do ket li/di phia trung ap C18 1.3 Mot vai kiiia canh van hanh li/di phan plioi trung ap C21 2 Tram khach hang C25 2.1 Cac trinh tiT thiet lap mot tram dien mdi C26 3 Cac sd do bao ve tram C29 5.1 Bao ve chong dien giat va qua dien ap C30 3.2 Bao ve dien C37 3.3 Bao ve chong anh hiTcfng cua qua nhiet do C58 3.4 Lien dong va cac dieu khien c6 dieu kien C58 4 Tram bien ap khach hang vdi phan do liTdng phia ha ap C64 4.1 long quan C64 4.2 Chon tu, bang C65

4.3 Chpn lira panel dong cat trung ap cho mach may bien ap C70 4.4 Lira chon bien ap trung/ha C71 5 Tram bien ap khach hang vdi phan do liTdng phia trung ap C82 5.1 Tong quan C82 5.2 Chon cac bang dien C86

5.3 Van hanh song song cac may bien ap C90 6 Cach thiet lap cac tram bien ap phan phoi trung / ha ap C92 6.1 Cac kieu tram khac nhau C93 6.2 Tram Irong nha vdi cac thiet bj dong cat kieu hdp bp c6 v6 C93

ML2

hoc bans k im loai

1

CHL/GfNG D CAC KIEU NOI MANG HA AP Li/di ha ap cong cong

1.1 Ho tieu thii dien ap thap 1.2 LiTcjfi phan pho'i ha ap 1.3 Ke't liTdi kliach hang 1.4 Chat lufdng dien ap 2 Gia dien va do lifdng

DU D16 D20 D23

1

o 1

3

4

CIIL/dNGE CAI TIIIEN IDZ SO CONG SUAT VA LOC SONG HAI Cai thien he so cong suat

1.1 Ban chat cua nang lifdng phan kliang 1.2 Cac may dien va thiet bi tieu thu cong suat phan kliang 1.3 Me so cong suat

Do he so' cong suat 1-4 tgcp

1.5 1.6 Cac gia tri thu'c te cua he .so'cong suat 2 Tai sao can cai thien he so cong suat 2.1 Giam aia thanh dien

r. ky

Cai thien he so cong suat 3.1 Cac nguyen ly ly thuyet 3.2 Cac thiet bi bu cong suat 3.3 Lira chpn phirdng an bu nen (co dinh ) hoac bij dieu khien

tiT dona

Vi tri lap dat tu 4.1 Bli tap trung 4.2 Bii nhom (tiftig phan doan ) 4.3 Bu ricna

EI EI EI E3 E5 E8 E8 E9

El l El l E12 E14 E14 E16 E19

E20 E20 E21 E22

ML3

5 MtfcdpbuloiiAJ K24 3.1 I'liLTi ng pliap chung E24 5^ piii/(fng pliap tinh ddn gian E25 5 3 phi/iJng phap tinh dira vao dieu kien khong dong tien phat E28 5 4 I hiTctng phap tinh dUa theo dieu kien giam bdt cong suat E29

bieu kien c\ic dai dang ky 6 I3u tai cac tram dat may bien ap E31

6.1 Bu nang cao kha nang tai cong suat E31 6.2 BiJ cong suat phan kliang cho may bien ap E34 7 Bu cong suat tai dau vao dong cd cam tfng E39 7. ] Van de mac bp tu bu va chinh djnh bao ve E39 7.2 Bien phap Iranh hien ti/dng tir kich thich cua dong cd cam E40

urng g Vi du mot mang dien tn/dc va sau khi bu cong suat E44 9 Anh hirdng cua song hai de'n dinh muTc dung Ii/dng bu E45 9.1 Cac van de do cdc s6ng hai trong he thong dien gay ra E45 9.2 Cac bien phap giai quyet thirc te E46 9.3 Chpn phUdng an toi Uli L48 9.4 Cac anh hirdng cua tu bii len he thong dien E50 10 Cic van de bo sung lien quan den tu bii E51 10.1 Tu dien E51 10.2 Chpn mach bao ve, mach dieu khien va cap ndi E53

ClRJdNG F PHAN PHOI TRONG MANG HA AP P^

1 Khai qual F^ 1.1 Cac mach phan phdi ha ap chinh ^^ 1.2 Tu phan phdi ha ap chinh P^ 1.3 Chuyen liep liT sd do IT tdi sd do TN ^'^ 2 Cac nguon cung cap diT phong quan trong 2.1 Tinh Hen luc cung cap dien 2.2 Chat liTdng dien nang ^^-

ML4

AT-4.1 Noidat ^^. 1 y?

iV. *^ - a A "

4.3 Dac tinh cua sd do noi dat 4.4.1 Cac tieu chuan chon liTa 4.4.2 So sanh cic tieu chuan

5.3 C^c tieu chuan 5.4 Dieu khien trung tarn 6 Cac day phan phdi 6.1 Mieu ta va each chon liTa

7.1 Phan loai *

7.2 Bao ve dung tu: ky hieu IP

A

ML5 ^

F30

3 Cac he thong dien an toan phuc va khi sif cd va cac nguon F30 dien di/ phong

3.1 He thd ng dien an toan 3.2 Cac nguon phat dien dtf phong 3.3 Chon li/a va dac tinh cua cac nguon dien dU phon^ 3.4 Chon liTa va dac tinh cila cac nguon dien kliac 3.5 Cac may phat tai cho 4 Sd do ndi dat

F35

F38

F38 4.2 Dinh nghla cac he thong noi dat chuan F43

F47

F59

F61 4.5 Chon lira each ndi dat - Bien phap thifc hien F63 4.6 Lap dat va do lifdng dien cifc noi dat F65 5 Tu phan phdi 5.1 C^c loai tu phan pho'i 5.2 Cac ky thuat lap rap tu phan pho'i chiJc nang F77

F74 F74

F79 F81 F81 FBI F83 6.2 Ong dan, day dan va day cap

7 Tac dong cija moi tnfcfng ngoai F91 F92 F93

CITLfdNG G BAO VE CHONG DIEN GL\T G1

Gl Gl

1 Tong quan 1.1 Dien giat 1.2 Cham triTc tiep va cham gian tiep ^-

2 Mao vcchdng Cham divntri/ctiOp ^ ••

^ I Cic bien phap bao vC chdng .ham dien trirc t.cp ^ C.4

2.2 liivM. ph M bO sung cho bao vc clidng cham die., tri/c l.ep G6 3' lUo vC chong cham dien gi^n tiep ^'7 3.1 Cac bien phdp bao vc bhng each liT dong cat nguon G9

cung cap , - . . , . „

3.3 Tirdpng cat nguon ddi vdi mang dirdc ndi dat kii u TN GB

3*4 Tirdpng ck nguon khi hi chain dat tai hai diem trong mach G19

ndi dat kieu IT 3.5 Cac bien phap bao ve chdng cham dien Iri/c tiep va gidn G27

tiep khong can cilt mach 4 Bien ph^p thi/c hien sd do 'IT Ci}5

4.1 cac bitMi phap bao ve C135

4.2 cac loai RCD ^^^^

4.3 Phdi hdp giCTa cac thiet bi bao ve so lech 041

5 Bien phip thiTc hien mang IN 044

5.1 Nhfrng dieu kiC-n ticMi quyet 044

5.2 Bao ve chdng cliam dien gian tiep 045

5.3 cac thiet bj chdng dong ro c6 do nhay cao 0.54

5.4 Bao ve nhffng vi tri dac biet c6 nguy cd chay 055

5.5 Khi tong Iri't mach sir cd dac biet idn 055

6 Bien phap IhiTc hicMi S(i do IT 057

6.1 Nhufng dieu kien lien quyet 058

6.2 Bao ve chdng chan\ dien gian tiep 0.59

6.3 Cac RC^D c6 dp nhay cao 06S

6.4 O nhffng ndi c6 mdi nguy hiem hoa hoan cao 069 6.5 Khi long trd mach vi)[ig siT cd dac biet Idn 069

7 c a c thiol hi bao ve dong ro Iheo nguyen t ic so lech (RCD) 071 7.1 Mo la 071

7.2 I'fngdungcua kCl) 072

7.3 C hpn cac dac tinh cua (^B chdng dong rd '" ^

ML6

( Residual - Current Circuit Breaker - RCCB - lEC 1()()8}

CHl/dNG

2

2.1

3

TIE V

PliAN Khai n 1

1.1 PhUdng phap luan va cac dinh nglila 1.2 Nguyen ly bao ve qua dong 1.3 Cac gia trj thi/c diing cho he thong bao ve 1.4 Vi tri dat cac thie't bi bao ve

• * • *

1.5 Cap mac song song 1.6 Vi du niinh hoa tinh toan cap

dinh cua day dan Khai niem chung

2.2 Xic dinh cd day ddi vdi cap kliong chon diTdi dat 2.3 Xac dinh cd day cho day chon du'di dat

dinh

Cac tn/dng hdp dac biet cua dong ngan mach

Hl-1 HM ril-5 Hl-7

Hl-10 Hl-12 Hl-12 Hl-21

3.1 Dp sut ap l(3n nhat cho phep 3.2 Tinh toan suit ap d dieu kien on djnh 4 Tinh ngan mach 4.1 Ngan mach tai thanh cai ha ap ciia bien ap phan pho'i 4.2 Ngan mach 3 pha (Isc) tai diem bat ky cua luTdi ha ap 4.3 Xac dinh dong ngan mach theo ngan mach dau day 4.4 Dong ngan mach cua may phat hoac bp chinh liTu 5 5.1 Tinh toan muTc dong ngan mach nho nha't 5.2 Kiem tra klia nang chiu nhiet cua cap trong dieu kien ngan H1 -66

mach *

6 Day ndi dat bao ve (PE) 6.1 Cach mac va chpn li/a dSy 6.2 Kich cd cua day

Hl-21 HI-23 HI-30 HI-35 HI-35 Hl-37 HI-43 H ] -43 HI-46 Hl-53 H1 -56 HI-56 H1 -56

HI-68 111-68 Hl-71

ML7

HI-7:^

1.3 Lxi'd chon bo tac dong

H2-1

H2-2

6 . nay bao vegicra cac may bidnip phan phoi va tu phan phdi chinh (MGDB) ^^^^

6.4 Day dang the m-li^. 7 Day trung tinh ^^-j^ 7.1 Tiei dien day trung tinh ^ ^ ^ ^

7 o Bao ve day trung tinh ^ ' '" PHAN H2 THIET BI DONG CAT ^

1 Cac chtfc nang cd ban cua thidt bi dong cat ha ap

1.1 Bao ve dien ^^ j ^ 1.2 Cachly ^ " ~ L3 Dieu khien thiet bj dong cat - '

2 Thiet hi dong cat va cau chl - ' 2.1 Cac thiet bj dong cat cd ban ^^^-"^

2.2 Cac to hdp thiet bj dong cat 3. Chpn thiet bi dong cat 3.1 Cac chiTc nang dirdc ihirc hien ^^2"— 3.2 Chpn kieu thiet bj dong cat H2-23 4. May cat ha ap (CB) ^2-23

4.1 Tieu chuan va mo la ^ - ' - ^ 4.2 Dac tinh cd ban cua mot CB H2--9 4.3 Cac dac tinh khac cua mot CB H2-34 4.4 ChpnCB H2-39

4.5 Sir phdi hdp cac CB H2-50 4.6 Bao ve chpn Ipc trong tram bien ap khach hang trung/ ha H2-62

H2-19 H2-22

Jl CHLfdNG J CAC NGUON VA TAI DAC BIET

1 Bao ve mang cap dien tiif may phat dien •' 1.1 May phat dien khi co ngan mach " 1.2 Bao ve cac mach quan trong diTcfc cap dien tCf may phat ^

dien khi co sif co J9

ML8

1.4 Cac phiAfng phap linh loan gin duno

1.5 Bao vp niay phat xoay chi eu di dong va dir phon. ' '^ 2 Bo nghich lu^ va bp liru dien (UPS) ^ '^^ 2.1 Bp nghich lu u la 21? 2.2 Cac dang he (hong UPS

Chpn day cap mach chinh va phii, cap cho acquv 2.9 Chpn Sd d o bao ve ^ 4 y 2.10 Thic t bj phii trd

3 Bao ve bien ap ha ap / ha ap 3.1 Dong dc5ng mdy bie'n ap

3.2 Bao vd mach cung ca'p cua bie'n ap ha ap / ha L 3.3 3.4

D^c tinh dien tieu bie u cua bien ap ha ap / ha ap 50Hz Bao ve bien ap vdi dac tinh theo bang J3-5 Cl tren bkna CB cua Merlin-Gerin '^

.118

2.3 Tieu chuan 2.4 L\id chpn he thdng UPS

2.5 He thdng UPS va moi tnrdng cua no ^^^ 2.6 DiTa UPS vao hoat dong - 7 2.7 Scf do ndi dat 2.8

J30 J33 J38 J43 J46 J47 J48 .149 J50 J51

J55 J55 J57 J57

4 Mach chic'u sang 4.1 Tinh hen tiic hoat dong 4.2 Den va phu kien 4.3 Mach va bao ve mach

4.4 Xac djnh dong djnh mii-c CB j59 4.5 Chpn thidt bj dong c^t vk di^u khidn J62 4.6 Bdo v6 mach chidu s^ng vdi dien ap ci/c thap J63

4.7 Ngur n cung ca'p cho chieu sang sir cd J65 5 Cac dong cd khong ddng bo J68

5.1 Cdc chiJc nang bao ve va di^u kliie'n can thiet J69 5.2 Cac tieu chuin j73

5.3 Cac Sd do bao ve cd ban: CB/Contactor/Rdle nhiet J73 5.4 Bao ve phong ngufa hoac gidi han J80

ML9

' , * x'i'i ^Ano c^^ dung cho tai ha ap J85

- ^ ' ' ' " " " " t ^ i ^ : : .-;=<:,, he s COS., 5 6 Bu cong suat phan icnan^Ai . j ^ ^ 6 Bio ve Ii/di dien mot chieu ^^^ 6.1 Dong ngan mach . . , 1 , dien va thidt bi dongi cat .189 6.2 Dac diS m rd dien do hu' hong cach dicn tm .

bao ve JQQ

6.3 Chpn thiet bj bao ve ^^^

6.4 Vi du jt ^ 6.5 Bao ve ngirdi

LI

LI LI L2 L6

CHUdNGL ^ ^ LAP DAT DIEN DAN DUNG VA CAC VI TRI

DAC BIET 1 Lap dat dien dan dung 1.1 Khaiquat 1.2 Cac thanh phan ciia tu phan phdi

1.3 Bao ve an loan 1.4 Cac mach dien ^^^ 1.5 Bao ve qua dien ap va chdng set L1 -2 Nha lam va voi sen ^ ^ 2.1 Phan loai cac vung ^'^^ 2.2 Lirdidangap ^^^ 2.3 Cac yeu c"au cho moi viing ^ ' 3 Cac quy pham ap dung cho IiTdi co vi tri dac biet L19

PLC-l PHU LIJC Phu luc C

1. Vi du phdi hdp dac tinh ciia to hdp dao cat - cau chi trung PL^ ' • ap bao ve bien ap phan phdi

2. Phan bd dien ap tren mat dat khi co dong sir cd cham dat PLC-6 3. Gian do vectd cong hiTdng sat tiT tan so 50 Hz (60 Hz) PLC-1^

Phu luc E - Cac bp Ipc hai cd ban Pl-^'' •

ML 10

Phu luc J 1. Dac linh ngan mach ciia may phat 2. TiTdng hdp dien tuf (EMC)

3

Cac qui lac va dieu le Nhicu dien \ii

1 2 2.1 Nhieu do Iruycn dan 2.2 BiJc xa

Di cap cho thidt bj va he thdng

3.1 Noidat 3.2 Cac v6 3.3 1 lieu iJiig suy giam 3.4 Cac qui lac lap dat va di cap 3.5 Cac ihanh phan cija EMC va cac giai phap 4 Cac van de trong mang noi bo

PLC-21 PLC-25 PLC-25 PLC-26 PLC-27 PLC-42 PLC-44 PLC-44 PLC-49 PLC-58 PLC-61 PLC-64 PLC-70

MLll