Hajman Šulcova Didaktička Teorija

7/21/2019 Hajman Šulcova Didaktička Teorija

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@malatmĆam agfpceas

@m`latmĆal

prlasl ‘zdmr svmbpgolvl m

prghesl u

jlstlvm

@m`latmĆal

tegrmol ‘

prgfmŬcoljoe`m`latmĆae

prlase

@m`latmĆal

fetlteg

rmol ‘tegrmol gtegrmom



@m`latmal alg tegrmol pguĆlvljol

Mcm? @m`latmĆag `oecgvljoe u pgcou Ŭagcl

(^luc Bloflj, Ygcilj !uch m "mjter#tg$



• Bloflj jlstgom stvgrmtm fg`ec agom vlm zlsvl vrefejl

• #vl pgstlval oe jluĆjg )tegrmosam jeg`rmvl, oer jefl uvmoea vle*mb jlstlvjmb igrflcjmbstruaturl

• +erfmjgf jlstlve gzjlĆlvl m uĆejoe mpguĆlvljoe, te pg` jogf pg`rlzufmoevl

prghes usfoerej jl rlzvgo cmĆjgstm

• @m`latmal fgrl dmtm spgo tegrmoe m prlase mtlag se gscgdg`m pe`lgŬag `gfltmzfl



• ejtrlcjm pgofgvm u `m`latmhm pguĆlvljol muĆejol su pgsfltrljoe m pcljmrljoe jlstlve m

g`jgsm fe-u jomfl.

• % pcljmrljou jlstlve pgclzmfg g` `vl ecefejtljlstlve/ pgcoe g`cuĆmvljol m pgcoe uvoetl.

• % pgcol g`cuĆmvljol spl`lou/• l$ mjtejhmgjlcjgst (jlfoere mcm hmcoevm agoe

jlstlvgf tredl gstvlrmtm$,• d$ sl`rźlom (jlstlvjm prgrlfm, tefltmal agou

tredl relcmzmrltm$,• h$ fetg`e,• `$ fe`mom (jlstlvjl sre`stvl$



>jtejhmgjlcjgst•

<lsjmvl se jl `vgstruago prmrg`m jlstlve/• 4. jlstlvl oe prghes agom pcljmrl m grljmzmrl

`ruŬtvg, pl oe mjtejhmol (hmco$ spgcol,vlj`m`latmĆam g`re-ejl8

• 0. jlstlvjm prghes se tefecom jl sl`rlou,psmbgstruaturm uĆejmal m jl mjterlahmom uĆejmalm sl`rlol.

• 'lstlvjmau fgrl dmtm olsjg agoe hmcoeve ecm`l gstvlrm.

• @lace, mjtejhmol se g`re-uoe spgcol, lcm mpla

spl`l u pgcoe g`cuĆmvljol.



• Bloflj jlvg`m trm `mfejzmoemjtejhmgjlcjgstm/

• l) prlkfltmĆjg-`mjlfmĆae pe`lkgŬaemjtejhmoe agomfl tredl `l se utmĆe jl rl`,

voeŬtmje m jlvmae uĆejmal8

• d) agkjmtmvje pe`lkgŬae mjtejhmoe

agomfl se utmĆe jl fmŬcoejoe uĆejmal

• h) lieatmvje pe`lkgŬae mjtejhmoe agomflse `oecuoe jl uĆejmagvu efgtmvju sieru.



5l`rlo •

5pl`l u pgcol g`cuĆmvljol.

• 9vrstg pgvezlj sl gstlcmf ecefejtmflg`cuĆmvljol ‘ mjtejhmogf, fetg`lfl m

fe`momfl, oer tea u tlavgo struaturm sl`rlo`gdmvl prlvg foestg.

•

5l`rlo se olvcol u trm gdmal/ alg jlual(jluĆjg oezrg ‘ zlagjmtgstm, prlvmcl,tegrmoe$,alg tebjmal (uvoedlvljoe tebjmĆambecefejltl$ m alg prlasl (prmfoejl$.



• Bloflj sfltrl `l su tebjmae jlovljmom`mg sl`rlol ‘ utoehlo rl`je Ŭagce8

• ^rmzvua ^estlcghmoevg zlbtoevl `l se uĆmclvgf, srhef m ruagf.

• % vezm sl gdcmhmfl sl`rlol m `mfejzmolfl

mjtejhmgjlcjgstm jlstlvjma tredl g`cuĆmtm/• % agf *e gdmau mzcgmtm sl`rloe ‘ alg

jluau, tebjmau mcm prlasu,•

;gogo *e `mfejzmom `ltm pre`jgst ‘agjmtmvjgo, prlfltmĆjgo mcm lieatmvjgo,• !tl *e uĆejmhm pgstm*m.



2etg`e•

'lĆmj gstvlrmvljol jlstlve m uĆejol.

• Blofljgvl struaturl agou Ćmje pet g`cmalfetg`mae/

• G`reĜmvljoe fetg`mĆae zlfmscm ‘utvr-mvljoe clvjg prlvhl, gsjgvjmbpgstuplal zl relcmzlhmou jlstlvje oe`mjmhe.

=lŬĆcljouoe se hoecmjl `l dm se dgcoe slce`lcm`moecgvm, smjtetmzmrlou se `moecgvm u hoecmju mutvr-uoe prgoeatjm pgstupla gdrl`e `l uĆejmhmhoecgvmtg m mstrlmvlĆam slvcl`lou sl`rlo.



• Lrtmaclhmol jlstlve ‘ gstvlruoe se rlŬĆcljomvljoefsl`rlol (jlstlvje oe`mjmhe$ jl fljoe `mgjmhe(seavejhe$, Ŭtg gfgu*lvl uĆejmhmfl `l mb claŬe

slvcl`lou, l zltmf `moecgve pgveu u hoecmju.

• !ghmgigrfe jlstlve (gdcmhm rl`l$ tredl `l se dmrlouprefl ecefejtmfl jlstlve.

• "etg`mĆae latmvjgstm jlstlvjmal m Ćejmal segstlvlruou jepgsre`jg (mzclljoef, rlzgvgr,`efgjstrlhmol$ m pgsre`jg (easpermfejt,

cldgrltgrmosam rl`$.

• #erm$alhmogf se prgvoerlvl, vre`juoe, ghoejouoe,`gdmol pgvrltjl mjigrflhmol.



2e`mom• ;clsmĆjl jlstlvjl sre`stvl, lcm m fg`erjl

sre`stvl zl prejgs mjigrflhmol Ćmol oe ucgl`l du`u pgsre`jmhm mzfe-u uĆejmal msl`rlol.

• >zdgr m upgtredl fe`mol uscgvcoejm sumjtejhmogf (hmcoef$, sl`rloef, mzldrljmffetg`lfl, psmbgstruaturlfl uĆejmal.



2e-uzlvmsjgst•

2e-u ecefejtmfl igrflcje jlstlvje struaturevcl`l g`jgs mjterèpejèjhmoe (fe-uzlvmsjgstm$.

• +g zjlĆm `l mjtejhmol, sl`rlom, fetgè m fe`mom,

alg m ljtrgpgcgŬag)psmbgcgŬam m sghmg)aucturjmuvoetm fe-usgdjg utmĆu oe`jm jl `rue,fe-usgdjg su zlvmsjm.

•

+mfe se dercmjsal `m`latmĆal Ŭagcl rlzcmauoe g``m`latmae zlsjgvlje jl tegrmom gdrlzgvljol(prm`loe zjlĆlo hmcou m sl`rlomfl, agom gpet`matmrlou mzdgr fetg`l m fe`mol$.



• 5vm ecefejtm jlstlvjg prghesl(sl`rlom, fetgè, fe`mom$ usfoerejmsu al gstvlrejou gp*e hmcol.

• ?cefejtm igrflcje struature jeòecuou oe`lj jl `rug smfetrmĆjg,te sjll òecgvljol svmb ecefejltljmoe mstl.

• 2e`mom su uvoetgvljm mjtejhmogf msl`rloef, lcm gdrjut g`jgs je vlm.



• % fgècu igrflcje struature dercmjsae Ŭagce pgstgoeĆetmrm pgcol/ mjtejhmol, sl`rlo, fetgè m fe`mom, gagomfl svlam jlstlvjma, zl svlam jlstlvjm Ćls, u

svlagf jlstlvjgf pg`ruĆou, fgrl `l g`cuĆm.

• 'lstlvje g`cuae je dm tredlcg `gjgsmtm pg` utoehloefmègcgŬamb jgrfm.

• 5tgl, gvl tegrmol ju`m dezvrefejsam fgèc jlstlvjestruature, l svlal mègcgmol oe vrefejsal altegrmol malg tlavl je tredl `l utoeĆe jl `m`latmĆag

g`cuĆmvljoe.

• >pla, m jlstlvjmhm agom prmbvltlou gvlo fgèc mflousvgol uvoerejol agol se re1eatuou jl jlstlvu, pl tlag

u dezvrefejsau struaturu prg`mre mègcgŬam ecefejt.



'lĆecl zl pcljmrljoe jlstlve•

#sjgvjm ecefejtm jlstlve ‘ mjtejhmoe, sl`rlo,fetg`e m fe`mom zlvmse g` ljtrgpgcgŬag)psmbgcgŬamb m sghmg)aucturjmb uvoetl, g`jgsjg g`g`cmal jlstlvjmal m uĆejmal m uscgvl sre`mje

zlvmsm alag *e se pcljmrltm m relcmzmrltm jlstlvjmprghes.

• <l pcljmrljoe jlstlve pgstgoe trm clvjl jlĆecl/•

2e-uzlvmsjgst• Ylrmoldmcmtet• ;gjtrgcl.



• >zfe-u gdclstm g`cuĆmvljol (, 5, 2 m 2$ m uscgvl(ljtrgp.)psmb. m sghmg.)auct.$ pgstgom g`jgs

feĜzlvmsjgstm ‘ jl tgfe dercmjsal ŬagcljlrgĆmtg mjsmstmrl.

• #lrmoldmcmtet ‘ fgu*e m voergvltjg g`stupljoe

relcmzlhmoe g` gjgl Ŭtg oe pcljmrljoefpgstlvcoejg ‘ zltg jlstlvjma pcljmrl eclstmĆjmoe,uzmflou*m u gdzmr rlzcmĆmte fgu*jgstm.

• %gjtrgcgf se ugĆlvlou fgu*e scldgstm ujlstlvjgf prghesu rl`m agreahmol u rl`ujlstlvjmal m uĆejmal.



^golf gdrlzgvljol•

^golf gdrlzgvljol gv`oe jefl hejtrlcjgfoestg alg Ŭtg l mfl u `m`latmhm zlsjgvljgojl tegrmom gdrlzgvljol.

• #j oe oe`lj g` struaturjmb fgfejltl jlstlve agom su fe-uzlvmsjm m fe-usgdjg

uvoetgvljm.

• % gjgvm Blofljgve `m`latmĆae tegrmoe oe tejolzl svestrljg rlzmoejmf pgoe`mjhef agom svgomfmvcoejoef tredl `l pgale `l oe gdrlzgvlj.



!tl oe gstvlrejg, l Ŭtl jerlzrl-ejg3

•

%foestg `m`latmĆag trgucl, Blofljpgstlvcol Ŭestgklg ‘ mjtejhmgjlcjgst,sl`rlo, fe`mom, fetg`, pcusljtrgpgcgŬag)psmbgcgŬam m sghmg)aucturjmuvoetm.



• 'oegv fg`ec oe gtvgrej smstef pg`cgljutoehlomfl mz garuejol, prefl `rumf

jlualfl m prlasm.

• 2g`ec `gstl pgpuclrlj ag` prlatmĆlrl mzjeagcmag rlzcgl/



• % prlasm prmfoejmvlj u reùhmrljgo igrfm ‘ uzmfljlslfg 6struaturjl ljlcmzl: jlstlve agol oe

oe`jgstlvjl zl prmfoeju8

• !efl agou fgèc ju`m je gdubvltl hoecgaupjujlstlvu, jepgtpujl oe8

• ^gcmtmĆam jeutrlclj fgèc8

• ^gòe`jlag prmfoejomv zl sve pre`fete8

• 'u`m Ŭefu zl prl*ejoe pcljmrljg tgal Ćlsl8

• ^gĆetjmhmfl mzce`l pgg`lj zl pcljmrljoe jlstlve.



#tvgrejgst m `gpuje• Yegfl gtvgrej fgèc8

• >z ùbgvjg)jluĆje `m`latmae prmbvltl vrmoe`jgsjearmtermoe (udoe-ejol, mègcgmol, voergvljoe$ uz uscgv`l se gjm stlcjg armtmĆam m jluĆjg premspmtuou.

• &cggfgvu tlasgjgfmou su msagrmstmcm `l prehmzjggperlhmgjlcmzmrlou pcljgve jlstlvjmb tefl.

• 2lcg oe g` agrmstm zl pcljmrljoe jlstlve, lcm oe vrcgupgtredcomv u rlzfltrljou uscgvl zl pcljmrljoejlstlve, zl ljlcmzu pmsfejmb prmprefl zl Ćls m

ljlcmzu g`rljg Ćlsl.



&lfdrŬam fgèc•

'lstlg u gavmru dercmjsae `m`latmĆae Ŭagce8

• #sjmvlĆ Ygcilj !uch, sugsjmvlĆ dercmjsag fgècl8

• <l rlzrlù m pgpuclrmsljoe blfdurŬag fgèclzlsculj oe m "mjter #tg8

• <l rlzvgo gvg fgècl zlscujm su m prmpl`jmhm

`m`latmae zlsjgvlje jl tegrmom gdrlzgvljol, agom suarmtmagvlcm dercmjsau `m`latmĆau agjhephmou, zdg joeje6svevrefejsae: `mfejzmoe m gscgdg-ejgstm g` utmhlolmègcgmoe.



• !uch prmbvltl gvu armtmau m stvlrl dcga zl jgvm`m`latmĆam agjhept/

• 47N0. trlm `l `m`latmal slfl sede armtmĆampremspmtl, te jlpuŬtl 6vrmoe`gjgsjg scgdg`lj:fgèc8

• 47NN. sl "mjtergf #tgf m L. ;cliamoefgdolvcouoe rl` @m`latmal m prlasl m tlag

prmdcmlvl `vl rljmoe suprgstlvcoejl fgècl8

• 47DH. u ajomzm ^cljmrljoe jlstlve pre`stlvcolblfdurŬam fgèc.



^cljmrljoe jlstlve•

9etmrm jmvgl pcljmrljol/

• '( erspeatmvjg pcljmrljoe ‘ pre`vm-l sejlstlvl zl `um permg` (g`mju mcm

pgcug`mŬte$ m tg gavmrjg alg re`gscmoe`jlstlvjmb oe`mjmhl8

• *( +efltsag ,grmoejtlhmgjg) pcljmrljoe ‘`mg perspeatmvjg pcljl, gdubvltl jlstlvje oe`mjmhe zl oe`ju sfmslgju (tefltsau$hoecmju.



• ( rghesjg pcljmrljoe ‘ agjaretjmoe g`tefltsag. 'omfe se zl pgoe`mje jlstlvje

oe`mjmhe pre`vm-l scmoe` jlstlvjmb agrlal,vrmoefe relcmzlhmoe, vrstl agfujmalhmoe, gdcmhm mfetg`e rl`l8

• .( %greatmvjg pcljmrljoe ‘ reluoe se jljgve fgfejte agom jmsu dmcm pre`vm-ejmpretbg`jmf pcljmrljoef.



• !uch jlvg`m alg clvjm hmco Ŭagce 6g`go zl jlove*efgu*e rlspgclljoe svmb slfmf sgdgf:8

• @l dm se gstvlrmg tlo hmco uĆejmhmfl tredlgfgu*mtm uĆeŬ*e u pcljmrljou jlstlve ‘pgalzlteco `efgarltmĆjgstm jlstlve8

• ^gzmhmou uĆejmal pgvezmvltm sl mjtejhmolfljlstlve, te `l se jlstlvl pcljmrl u mjterlahmomuĆejmal, jlstlvjmal, lcm m rg`mtecol.

• "clvje altegrmoe mjtejhmgjlcjgstm/ agfpetejhmol,lutgjgfmol m sgcm`lrjgst.



• >zfe-u gvmb altegrmol pgstgom fe-uzlvmsjgst.

• >zgcgvljl agfpetejhmol je pre`stlvcolvrmoe`jgst, oer `l dm tg dmcl pgtredjl oe mlutgjgfmol.

• utgjgfmol jmoe dezrljmĆjl, oer pgoe`mjlh jemvm sEf m zltg fgrl pgalzltm sgcm`lrjgstprefl `rugfe.



5l`rlom • !uch sl`rloe `moecm u trm rupe/• $ sl`rlom u agomfl pregvcl`lvl msaustvg g

pre`fetmfl (stvlrjg msastvg$8• &$ sl`rlom u agomfl pregvcl`lvl gsoe/lojg

,efgtmvjg) msastvg8• $ sl`rlom u agomfl `gfmjmrl sghmolcjg

msastvg.• 'e pgstgom 6Ćmst: sl`rlo, jeg se prgmflou, l

oe`lj g` jomb pregvcl`lvl.• %arŬtlou*m pgcol mjtejhmgjlcjgstm m sl`rlol,

!uch oe `gdmg Ŭefu agol scum alg mjstrufejt

zl trlejoe m utvr-mvljoe prlvhl hmcoevl.



• ;l`l se pcljmrl mè se g` oe`jg pgcol `g`rug m pgcol se pgpujolvlou sl`rloef.

•

+lag se `gdmol pgpms hmcoevl agoe tredlgstvlrmtm g`gvlrlou*mf sl`rlomfl.• >jtejhmgjlcjgst m sl`rlom mz dercmjsag

fgècl sletm su u blfdurŬagf fgècu u

oe`jg pgcoe ‘ 6jlstlvjm hmcoevm:.• jtrgpgcgŬam m sghmolcjg)aucturjm agjhejtrmsljm

su u pgcoe 6pgclzjm pgcglo uĆejmal mjlstlvjmal:

• !uch oe prgtmv tgl `l se agjtrgcl sveè jljlstlvjmagvg agjtrgcmrljoe uĆejmal.

• %foestg fetg`l m fe`mol !uch uvg`m

6vlrmoldce pgsre`gvljol:.



• 5r, dmt, sre`mŬjom pgolf jlstlve prefluĆejou gve `m`latmĆae tegrmoe oesu prghesm

Ćejol m pgĆlvljol.

• !agcl m jlstlvl su struaumrljm alg pgcoe

òecgvljol, `m`latmĆag òecgvljol.

• 'lstlvl u Ŭagcm oe sghmolcjg òecgvljoe agoe oe `molcgŬag alrlaterl m mfl zl hmco6slfgprgmzvg`jouI uĆejmal alggrmoejtmrljmb Ćcljgvl `ruŬtvl, spgsgdjmb `lòecuou.



• @m`latmĆag `oecgvljoe mfe zl hmcospgrlzufmoevljoe gjmb agom prmflrjg

pguĆlvlou (tlag-e m fe-usgdjg$ s gjmfl agomprmflrjg uĆe (tlag-e m fe-usgdjg$ gfgfejtmfl `oecgvljol, g/

• jlstlvjmf hmcoevmfl,

• pgclzmŬtu jl agoe se g`jgse,• vlrmoldclfl pgsre`gvljol, fetg`lfl m

fe`momfl, pgfg*u agomb ecmfg stm*m g`pgclzmŬtl `g `ltg prmvrefejg zlvŬetal,

• agjtrgclfl uspoebl agoe uĆejmhmfl muĆmtecomfl gfgu*uou slfgreuclhmou ujlstlvjgo agfujmalhmom.



• @m`latmĆag òecgvljoe se slstgom g` Ćmtlvgjmzl fe-usgdjg pgvezljmb, scgejmb

òecltjgstm, g`/• ljlcmze, pcljmrljol m relcmzlhmoe jlstlve,• slvoetgvljol su`mgjmal u jlstlvm,•

vre`jgvljol jombgvg jlpretal u uĆejou mpguĆlvljou,• uprlvcoljol mjstmtuhmogf m• agrpgrltmvjg òecgvljol s gdzmrgf jl

rupje mjterese vezlje uz mjstmtuhmou(uĆejmĆam zlstupjmhm, mjmhmoltmve rg`mtecol,smj`malt jlstlvjmal$.



• <l sve te òecltjgstm vle Ćetmrm jlĆecjlrlzfmŬcoljol/ ‘

jlfoerl `l u jlstlvm m Ŭagcm pgsreòefgagfpetejhmo, to. zjljol, spgsgdjgstm m stlvgveagom su pgtredjm zl òecgvljoe u `ruŬtvu8

‘ tefltmal jlstlve oe pgsre`gvljoe stvlrjgkmsastvl8

‘ mjtejhmgjlcjm m tefltsam lspeat zloe`jg Ćmjepgtpuju pre`stlvu g hmcoevmfl8

‘ fgùs, jlĆmj jl agom g`re-uoefg, gdrlzclefg,revm`mrlfg pmtljol ljlcmze, pcljmrljol,

gstvlrmvljol jlstlve m s tmfe pgvezlju sghmolcjuòecltjgst, tuflĆm jlstlvu m Ŭagcu algiujahmgjlcmzlhmou uĆejmal mcm pgfg/ prmefljhmplhmom.



• BlfdurŬam fg`ec oe prgresmvlj pgtgfe Ŭtg/

•

trlm `l svm uĆesjmhm jlstlvjg prghesluĆestvuou u pcljmrljou jlstlve(jlstlvjmhm, uĆejmhm m rg`mtecom$,

•

Ŭtg se zlcle zl slfgg`re-ejoe msgcm`lrjg zloe`jmŬtvg uĆejmal m Ŭtg sezlcle zl Ŭagcu agol *e prefluĆejmhmfl dmtm bufljmol.

Hajman Šulcova Didaktička Teorija

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