HAA 128 Pro-Seminar: Syllabus and Readings Professor David J. Roxburgh Fall 2007: Wednesday 1-3pm, Sackler 119 Sackler 410; (617) 496 1056

roxburgh@fas.harvard.edu Office Hours: Wednesday 3-5pm

TOPICS IN ARABIC ART AND CULTURE: THE ART OF THE QUR�’AN

A problem oriented inquiry into Arabic art and culture (ca. 750 to 1300), focusing on regions

circling the Mediterranean, from the Iberian Peninsula to Iraq. Materials (the book, painting,

portable arts, epigraphy, architecture) and geographic focus vary. Themes also change, but

include relations between art and literature, aesthetics, vision and perception, courtly culture, the

rise of a mercantile patron class, and cultural continuities and resurgences. The art of the

Qur�’an is the focus in 2007.

READINGS:

All required books and articles (from journals, conference proceedings, or edited books) are on

reserve at the Fine Arts Library and should be read before the weekly meeting for which they are

assigned. Some books are on open reserve, others on closed reserve; the articles are arranged

alphabetically by author in a binder. Please ask for the binder at Fine Arts Library circulation

desk.

REQUIREMENTS:

The final grade is broken down as follows: weekly participation in classroom discussion 30%;

research presentation 20% of no more than 40 minutes [to be accompanied by a synopsis and a

bibliography]; final research paper 50% on a topic of the student�’s choice. The final paper is due

on January 9, 2008.

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READINGS BY WEEK September 19 Introduction September 26 Approaches to the Qur�’an as Text

Readings: R. Bell and W. M. Watt, Introduction to the Qur�’an (Edinburgh, 1970). William Graham, �“The Earliest Meaning of Qur�’an,�” Die Welt des Islams 23�–24

(1984): 101�–39. A. T. Welch, R. Paret, and J. D. Pearson, s.v. �“Al-Kur�’an,�” Encyclopaedia of Islam

(online ed.). October 3 The Features of the Arabic Script and Its Development

Readings: Nabia Abbott, The Rise of the North Arabic Script and its Kuranic Development With a Full

Description of the Kur�’an Manuscripts in the Oriental Institute (Chicago: Chicago University Press, 1939), introduction.

________. �“Arabic Palaeography,�” Ars Islamica 8 (1951): 67�–104. Yasin Dutton, �“Red dots, green dots, yellow dots and blue: some reflections on

the vocalization of early Qur�’anic Manuscripts, Part 1,�” Journal of Qur�’anic Studies 1, 1 (1999): 115�–40.

________. �“Red dots, green dots, yellow dots and blue: some reflections on the vocalization of early Qur�’anic Manuscripts, Part 2,�” Journal of Qur�’anic Studies 2, 1 (2000): 1�–24.

John. F. Healey, �“Nabataean to Arabic: Calligraphy and Script Development Among the Pre-Islamic Arabs,�” Manuscripts of the Middle East 5 (1990�–91): 41�–52.

Ibn al-Nadim, The Fihrist of al-Nadim: A Tenth-Century Survey of Muslim Culture, edited and translated by Bayard Dodge, 2 vols. (New York: Columbia University Press, 1970), vol. 1: pp. 6�–40.

October 10 The First Qur�’ans

Readings: Jacques Berque, �“The Koranic Text: From Revelation to Compilation,�” in The

Book in the Islamic World: The Written Word and Communication in the Middle East, ed. George N. Atiyeh, pp. 17�–32 (Albany, N.Y., 1995).

J. Burtin, s.v. �“Mushaf,�” Encyclopaedia of Islam 2nd Ed. François Déroche, The Abbasid Tradition: Qur�’ans of the 8th to 10th Centuries AD

(London, 1992). Alain Fouad George, �“The Qur�’an from Amajur,�” Manuscripts of the Middle East 5

(1990): 59�–66. Solange Ory, �“Du Coran récité au Coran calligraphié,�” Arabica 47, 3�–4 (2000):

366�–80.

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W. M. Watt, �“Early Discussions about the Qur�’an,�” Muslim World 40 (1950): 27�–40; 96�–105.

Estelle Whelan, �“Forgotten Witness: Evidence for the Early Codification of the Qur�’an,�” Journal of the American Oriental Society 118, 1 (1998): 1�–14.

October 17 Making the Book

Readings: Sheila S. Blair, Islamic Calligraphy (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2006),

chaps. 2 and 4. Jonathan M. Bloom, Paper Before Print: The History and Impact of Paper in the Islamic

World (New Haven, 2001), pp. 16�–89. Gulnar K. Bosch, �“The Staff of the Scribes and the Implements of the Discerning:

An Excerpt,�” Ars Orientalis 4 (1961): 1-13. Gulnar Bosch, Gulnar, John Carswell and Guy Petherbridge, Islamic Bindings and

Bookmaking (Chicago, 1981). J. Sadan, �“Genizah and Genizah-like Practices in Islamic and Jewish Traditions,�”

Bibliotheca Orientalis 43, 1�–2 (1986): 36�–58. October 24 The Blue Qur�’an

Readings: Jonathan M. Bloom, �“Al-Ma�’mun�’s Blue Koran?�” Révue des études islamiques 54

(1986): 59�–66. ________. �“The Blue Koran: An Early Fatimid Kufic Manuscript from the

Maghrib,�” in Les manuscrits du Moyen-Orient, ed. F. Déroche, pp. 95�–99 (Istanbul, 1989).

________. �“The Early Fatimid Blue Koran Manuscript,�” Graeco-Arabica 4 (1991): 171�–78.

E. Voguet, �“L�’inventaire des manuscrits de la bibliothèque de la Grande Mosquée de Kairouan (693/1293�–4),�” Arabica 50, 4 (2003): 532�–44.

October 31 Abbasid Reforms: From Ibn Muqla to Ibn al-Bawwab

Readings: Nabia Abbott, �“The Contribution of Ibn Muklah to the North-Arabic Script,�”

American Journal of Semitic Languages and Literatures 56 (1939): 71�–83. D. S. Rice, The Unique Ibn al-Bawwab Manuscript in the Chester Beatty Library (Dublin,

1955). L'unique manuscrit d'Ibn al-Bawwab à la Chester Beatty Library (Paris: Club du livre,

1975). Facsimile ed. Yasser Tabbaa, �“The Transformation of Arabic Writing: Part 1, Qur'anic

Calligraphy,�” Ars Orientalis 21 (1991): 119�–48. November 7 Qur�’ans of the Ilkhanids and Mamluks 1

Readings:

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Clifford Edmund Bosworth, �“A Maqama on Secretaryship: Al-Qalqashandi's al-Kawakib al-Durriyya fi'l-Manaqib al-Badriyya,�” Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 27 (1964): 291�–98.

Marcus Fraser, Geometry in Gold: An Illuminated Mamluk Qur�’an Section (London, 2005).

Adam Gacek, �“Arabic scripts and their characteristics as seen through the eyes of Mamluk authors,�” Manuscripts of the Middle East 4 (1989): 144�–49.

David James, Qur�’ans of the Mamluks (New York, 1988). ________. The Master Scribes: Qur�’ans of the 11th to 14th Centuries (New York, 1992). Salah al-Din al-Munajjid, Yaqut al-Musta�’simi (Beirut, 1985).

November 14 Qur�’ans of the Ilkhanids and Mamluks 2

Readings: David James, �“Some Observations on the Calligrapher and Illuminators of the

Koran of Rukn al-Din Baybars al-Jashnagir,�” Muqarnas 2 (1984): 147�–58. Sultan Baybars' Qur'an/The British Library (London: British Library, 2002). CD

facsimile. November 21 Research Presentations November 28 Research Presentations December 5 Research Presentations December 12 Research Presentations January 9 Research paper due at 5pm

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SELECT BIBLIOGRAPHY GENERAL REFERENCE WORKS �‘Abd al-Baqi, Muhammad Fu�’ad. Al-Mu�’jam al-mufahras li-alfaz al-Qur�’an al-Karim. Beirut, 1999. Ali, Ahmed. Al-Quran. A Contemporary Translation by Ahmed Ali. Princeton, N.J., 1984. �“Al-Kur�’an,�” Encyclopaedia of Islam, online edition. http://eresearch.lib.harvard.edu/V/SLX7KSK2JYYXHG8QLINLTIN2PVSGDS9APIAKGRCRU78EFBRX9U-80125?func=find-db-2-prev&sequence=000004920 Atiyeh, George N., ed. The Book in the Islamic World: The Written Word and Communication in the

Middle East. Albany, NY, 1995. Baltaci, Cahit. Islam Paleografyasi (Diplomatik-Arsivcilik). Istanbul, 1989. Blair, Sheila S. Islamic Inscriptions. New York, 1998. Bloom, Jonathan M. Paper Before Print: The History and Impact of Paper in the Islamic World. New

Haven, 2001. Bosworth, Clifford. The New Islamic Dynasties. New York, 1996. Combe, E., Jean Sauvaget and G. Wiet. Repertoire chronologique d�’epigraphie arabe. Vols 1�–17.

Cairo, 1931�–82. Encyclopaedia Iranica. London, 1982�–. Encyclopaedia of Islam, New Edition [henceforth EI2]. Leiden, 1960�–. Encyclopaedia of the Qur�’an, ed. Jane Dammen McAuliffe. Leiden, 2001�–06. Endress, Gerhard. An Introduction to Islam. Edinburgh, 1988 [contains useful chapter on structure

of Arabic names] Freeman-Grenville, G. The Muslim and Christian Calendars. London, 1963.

or for hijri/miladi date converter, visit http://koran.topcities.com/Calender.htm Gacek, Adam. The Arabic Manuscript Tradition. A Glossary of Technical Terms and Bibliography.

Leiden: Brill, 2001. Hanaway, William, and Brian Spooner. Reading Nasta�’liq: Persian and Urdu Hands from 1500 to the

Present. Costa Mesa, Calif., 1995.

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Ibn al-Nadim. The Fihrist of al-Nadim: A Tenth-Century Survey of Muslim Culture. Edited and translated by Bayard Dodge. 2 vols. New York: Columbia University Press, 1970.

Materiaux pour un corpus Inscriptionum Arabicarum

See monographs listed under INSCRIPTIONS Pearson, J. Index Islamicus. Cambridge, 1958�–74 [updates available on CD-ROM] Pedersen, Johannes. The Arabic Book. Princeton, N.J., 1984. Taqizadeh, S. H. �“Various Eras and Calendars Used in the Countries of Islam.�” Bulletin of the

School of Oriental and African Studies 9 (1937): 903�–22; Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 10 (1939): 107�–32.

Von Zambaur, E. Manuel de genealogie et de chronologie pour l�’histoire de l�’Islam. Hannover, 1927. Wensinck, A. J. Concordance et indices de la tradition musulmane. 8 vols. Leiden, 1936�–88; reprinted

1982. Whelan, Estelle. �“Early Islam, Emerging Patterns (622�–1050).�” In Islamic Art and Patronage:

Treasures from Kuwait, ed. Esin Atil, pp. 41�–54. New York, 1991. STUDIES ON THE QUR�’AN Allard, M. �“Une méthode nouvelle pour l�’étude du Coran.�” Studia Islamica 15 (1961): 5�–21. Arberry, A. J. The Koran Interpreted. New York, 1955, 1973. Baljon, J. M. S. Modern Muslim Koran Interpretation (1880�–1960). Leiden, 1961. Bauer, H. �“Über die Anordnung der Suren und über die geheimnisvollen Buchstaben im

Qoran.�” Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft 75 (1921): 1�–20. Beck, E. �“Der �‘utmanische Kodex in der Koranlesung des zweiten Jahrhunderts.�” Orientalia n.s.

14 (1945): 355�–73. ________. �“Studien zur Geschichte der kufischen Koranlesung in den beiden ersten Jahr-

hunderten.�” Orientalia n.s. 17 (1948): 326�–55; 19 (1950): 328�–50; 20 (1951): 316�–28; 22 (1953): 59�–78.

Bell, R., and W. M. Watt. Introduction to the Qur�’an. Edinburgh, 1970. Bellamy, J. A. �“The Mysterious Letters of the Koran: Old Abbreviations of the Basmalah.�”

Journal of the American Oriental Society 93 (1973): 267�–85. Birkeland, H. Old Muslim Opposition Against Interpretation of the Koran. Oslo, 1955.

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Blachère, R. Introduction au Coran. Paris, 1947, 1959, 1977. Burman, Thomas E. �“Polemic, Philology, and Ambivalence: Reading the Qur�’an in Latin

Christendom.�” Journal of Islamic Studies 15, 2 (2004): 181�–210. Burton, J. The Collection of the Qur�’an. Cambridge, 1977. Chouémi, M. Le verbe dans le Coran. Paris, 1966. Cook, Michael. The Koran: A Very Short Introduction. Oxford, 2000. Cragg, K. The Event of the Qur�’an. London, 1971. De Hamel, C. The Book: A History of the Bible. London, 2001. Déroche, François, and S. N. Noseda. Sources de la transmission manuscrite du texte Coranique. Vol. 2,

no. 1. Lesa, 1998. Fingernagel, A., and C. Gastgeber. In the beginning was the Word: The Power and Glory of Illuminated

Bibles, Österreichische Nationalbibliothek. Cologne, 2003. Goldziher, I. Die Richtungen der islamischen Koranauslegnung. Leiden, 1920, 1952. Graham, William. �“The Earliest Meaning of Qur�’an.�” Die Welt des Islams 23�–24 (1984): 101�–39. ________. Beyond the Written Word: Oral Aspects of Scripture in the History of Religion. New York,

1987, 1993. Hirschfeld, H. Beiträge zur Erklärung des Koran. Leipzig, 1886. ________. New Researches into the Composition and Exegesis of the Qoran. London, 1902. Jansen, J. J. G. The Interpretation of the Koran in Modern Egypt. Leiden, 1974. Jeffery, A. �“The Mystic Letters of the Koran.�” Muslim World 14 (1924): 247�–60. ________. Materials for the History of the Text of the Qur�’an. Leiden, 1937. ________. �“The Qur�’an as Scripture.�” Muslim World 40 (1950): 41 ff. Jones, A. �“The Mystical Letters of the Qur�’an.�” Studia Islamica 16 (1962): 5�–11. Madigan, Daniel A. The Qur�’an�’s Self-Image: Writing and Authority in Islam�’s Scripture. Princeton,

2001. Masson, D. Le Coran et la révélation judéo-chrétienne. 2 vols. Paris, 1958.

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________. Monothéisme coranique et monothéisme biblique. Paris, 1976. Merrill, J. E. �“Dr. Bell�’s Critical Analysis of the Qur�’an.�” Muslim World 37 (1947): 134�–48. Muhammad Ali. �“Abbreviations in the Holy Qur�’an: A New Theory and Its Implications.�”

Islamic Review 38, 5 (1950): 17�–19. Nelson, Kristina. The Art of Reciting the Qur�’an. Austin, 1985. Nöldeke, Th. Orientalische Skizzen. 1892. Paret, R. Grenzen der Koranforschung. Stuttgart, 1950. ________. Mohammed und der Koran. Stuttgart, 1957. ________. Der Koran: Kommentar und Konkordanz. Stuttgart, 1971, 1977. Rippin, Andrew, ed. The Qur�’an: Formative Interpretation. Aldershot: Ashgate, 1999. ________. The Qur�’an: Style and Contents. Aldershot: Ashgate, 2001. Sabbagh, T. Le métaphore dans le koran. Paris, 1943. Seale, M. S. Qur�’an and Bible. London, 1978. Wansbrough, J. �“Arabic rhetoric and Qur�’anic Exegesis.�” Bulletin of the School of Oriental and

African Studies 31 (1968): 469�–85. ________. �“Majaz al-Qur�’an: Periphrastic Exegesis.�” Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African

Studies 33 (1970: 247�–66. ________. Quranic Studies: Sources and Methods of Scriptural Interpretation. Oxford, 1977. Watt, W. M. �“Early Discussions about the Qur�’an.�” Muslim World 40 (1950): 27�–40; 96�–105. ________. �“The Dating of the Qur�’an: A Review of Richard Bell�’s Theories.�” Journal of the

Royal Asiatic Society (1957): 46�–56. ________. Bell�’s Introduction to the Qur�’an: Completely Revised and Enlarged. Edinburgh, 1970. Zwemer, S. M. �“Translations of the Koran.�” Muslim World 5 (1915): 244�–61. QUR�’AN AND CALLIGRAPHY

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Abbott, Nabia. The Rise of the North Arabic Script and its Kuranic Development With a Full Description of the Kur�’an Manuscripts in the Oriental Institute. Chicago, 1939.

Arberry, A. J. �“A Koran in Persian Kufic.�” Oriental College Magazine 40, 3�–4 (1964): 9�–16. ________. The Koran Illuminated: A Handlist of the Korans in the Chester Beatty Library. Dublin, 1967. Bayani, Manijeh, Anna Contadini, and Tim Stanley. The Decorated Word: Qur�’ans of the 17th to 19th

Centuries. London, 1999. Berque, Jacques. �“The Koranic Text: From Revelation to Compilation.�” In The Book in the

Islamic World: The Written Word and Communication in the Middle East, ed. George N. Atiyeh, pp. 17�–32. Albany, N.Y., 1995.

Bivar, A. D. H. �“A Dated Kuran from Bornu.�” Nigeria Magazine (June 1960): 199�–205. Bloom, Jonathan M. �“Al-Ma�’mun�’s Blue Koran?�” Révue des études islamiques 54 (1986): 59�–66. ________. �“The Blue Koran: An Early Fatimid Kufic Manuscript from the Maghrib.�” In Les

manuscrits du Moyen-Orient, ed. F. Déroche, pp. 95�–99. Istanbul, 1989. ________. �“The Early Fatimid Blue Koran Manuscript.�” Graeco-Arabica 4 (1991): 171�–78. Bothmer, H.-C. von. �“Frühislamische Koran-Illuminationen: Meisterwerke aus dem

Handschriftenfund der Grossen Moscheee in Sanaa/Yemen.�” Kunst und Antiquitäten 1 (1986): 22�–33.

________. �“Architekturbilder im Koran: eine Prachthandschrift der Umayyadenzeit aus dem

Yemen.�” Pantheon 45 (1987): 4�–20. ________. �“Meisterwerke islamischer Buchkunst: koranische Kalligraphie und Illuminationen

im Handschriftenfund aus der Grossen Moschee in Sanaa.�” Jemen: 3000 Jahre Kunst und Kultur des glückichen Arabien, ed. W. Davies, pp. 177�–87. Innsbruck, 1987.

________. �“Masterworks of Islamic Book Art: Koranic Calligraphy and Illumination in the

Manuscripts Found in the Great Mosque in Sanaa.�” Yemen: 3000 Years of Art and Civlization in Arabia Felix, ed. Werner Daum, pp. 178�–81, 185�–87. Innsbruck, 1988.

Burtin, J. �“Mushaf.�” EI2, 7:668�–69. Cagman, Filiz. �“The Ahmed Karahisari Qur�’an in the Topkapi Palace Library in Istanbul.�” In

Persian Painting from the Mongols to the Qajars. Studies in Honour of Basil W. Robinson. Ed. Robert Hillenbrand, pp. 39�–56. London, 2000.

Cavallo, G. Codex Purpureus Rossanensis. Rome, n.d.

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Déroche, François. �“Les écritures coraniques anciennes, bilan et perspectives.�” Revue des études islamiques 48 (1980): 207�–24.

________. �“Collections de manuscrits anciens du Coran à Istanbul, rapport préliminaire.�”

Études médiévales et patrimoine turc, ed. J. Sourdel-Thomine, pp. 145�–65. Paris, 1983. ________. Catalogue des manuscrits arabes. Les manuscrits du Coran. 2 vols. Paris, 1983�–85. ________. �“À propos d�’une série de manuscrits coraniques ancience.�” In Les Manuscrits du moyen-

orient: essais de codicologie et paláographie. Ed. François Déroche, pp. 101�–11. Istanbul and Paris, 1989.

________. �“The Qur�’an from Amajur.�” Manuscripts of the Middle East 5 (1990): 59�–66. ________. The Abbasid Tradition: Qur�’ans of the 8th to 10th Centuries AD. London, 1992. ________. �“Les études paléographie des écritures livresques arabes: quelques observations.�” Al-

Qantara 19 (1998): 365�–81. ________. �“Un critère de datation des écritures coraniques anciennes: le kâf final ou isolé.�”

Damaszener Mitteilungen 11 (1999): 87�–94. ________. �“Notes sur les fragments coraniques anciens de Katta Langar (Ouzbekistan).�” Cahiers

d�’Asie Centrale 7 (1999): 65�–73. ________. �“Cercles et entrelacs: format et décor des Corans maghrébins médiévaux.�” Académie

des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres, Comptes Rendues (March 2001): 593�–620. ________. Le livre manuscrit arabe: préludes à une histoire. Paris, 2004. Déroche, François, and A. von Gladiss. Buchkunst zur Ehre Allahs: Der Prachtkoran im Museum für

Islamische Kunst. Berlin, 1999. Dodd, Erica. �“The Image of the Word.�” Berytus 17 (1969): 35�–62. Dodd, Erica, and Shereen Khairallah. The Image of the Word: A Study of Koranic Verses in Islamic

Architecture. 2 vols. Beirut, 1981. Dreibholz, Urusla. �“Der Fund von Sanaa: frühislamische Handschriften auf Pergament.�” In

Pergament: Geschichte, Struktur, Restaurierung, Herstellung, ed. Peter Rück, pp. 299�–313. Sigmaringen, 1991.

Dutton, Yasin. �“Red dots, green dots, yellow dots and blue: some reflections on the vocalization

of early Qur�’anic Manuscripts, Part 1.�” Journal of Qur�’anic Studies 1, 1 (1999): 115�–40. ________. �“Red dots, green dots, yellow dots and blue: some reflections on the vocalization of

early Qur�’anic Manuscripts, Part 2.�” Journal of Qur�’anic Studies 2, 1 (2000): 1�–24.

11

________. �“An Early Mushaf according to the reading of Ibn �‘Amir.�” Journal of Qur�’anic Studies 3,

1 (2001). ________. �“Some Notes on the British Library�’s Oldest Qur�’an Manuscript.�” Journal of Qur�’anic

Studies 6, 1 (2004). Eckmann, Janos. �“Two Fragments of a Koran Manuscript with Interlinear Persian and Turkish

Translations.�” Central Asian Journal 13 (1969): 287�–90. ________. �“Eastern Turkic Translations of the Koran.�” In Studia Turcica. Ed. L. Ligeti, pp.

149�–59. Budapest, 1971. Ettinghausen, Richard. �“A Signed and Dated Seljuq Qur�’an.�” Bulletin of the American Institute of

Persian Art and Archaeology 4 (1935): 92�–102. ________. �“Yemenite Bible Manuscripts of the XVth Century.�” Eretz-Israel 7 (1963): 32�–9. Fendall, Ramsey. Islamic Calligraphy. London, 2003. Fraser, Marcus. Geometry in Gold: An Illuminated Mamluk Qur�’an Section. London, 2005. Gacek, Adam. �“Early Qur�’anic Fragments.�” Fontanus: from the Collections of McGill University 3

(1990): 45�–64. George, Alain Fouad. �“The Geometry of the Qur�’an of Amajur: A Preliminary Study of

Proportion in Early Arabic Calligraphy.�” Muqarnas 20 (2003): 1�–16. Grohmann, Adolf. �“The Problem of Dating Early Qur�’ans.�” Der Islam 33 (1985): 19�–23. James, David. Qur�’ans and Bindings from the Chester Beatty Library: A Facsimile Exhibition. London,

1980. ________. �“Some Observations on the Calligrapher and Illuminators of the Koran of Rukn al-

Din Baybars al-Jashnagir.�” Muqarnas 2 (1984): 147�–58. ________. Masterpieces of the Holy Quranic Manuscripts: Selections from the Islamic World. Kuwait,

1987. ________. Qur�’ans of the Mamluks. New York, 1988. ________. After Timur: Qur�’ans of the 15th and 16th Centuries. New York, 1992. ________. The Master Scribes: Qur�’ans of the 11th to 14th Centuries. New York, 1992. Jeffery, Arthur, and A. Mendelsohn. �“The Orthography of the Samarqand Qur�’an Codex.�”

Journal of the American Oriental Society 62 (1942): 175�–95.

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Jenkins, Marilyn. �“A Vocabulary of Umayyad Ornament: New Foundations for the Study of

Early Qur�’an Manuscripts.�” In Masahif Sana�’a�’, pp. 19�–23. Kuwait, 1985. Jones, Alan. �“The Word Made Visible: Arabic Script and the Committing of the Qur�’an to

Writing.�” In Texts, Documents, Artefacts: Islamic Studies in Honour of D. S. Richards. Ed. Chase F. Robinson, pp. 1�–16. Leiden, 2003.

Khader, Salameh. The Qur�’an Manuscripts in the Al-Haram Al-Sharif Islamic Museum. Reading, 2001. Kuwait National Museum. Masahif San�’a�’. Kuwait, 1985. Lamare, A. �“Le mushaf de la mosquée de Cordoue.�” Journal asiatique 230 (1938): 551�–75. Lings, Martin. The Qur�’anic art of Calligraphy and Illumination. New York, 1976. ________. Splendours of Qur�’anic Calligraphy and Illumination. London, 2005. Lings, Martin, and Yasin Safadi. The Qur�’an: Catalogue of an Exhibition of Qur�’an Manuscripts at the

British Library. London, 1976. Masahif San�’a. Exhib. cat. Kuwait, 1985. Ory, Solange. �“Du Coran récité au Coran calligraphié.�” Arabica 47, 3�–4 (2000): 366�–80. Pisarevym, S. I. Samarkandskii kuficheskii Koran, po predaniiu pisannyi sobstvennoruchno tret�’im khalifom

Osmanom (644�–656). St. Petersburg, 1905. Puin, Gerd-R. �“Observations on Early Qur�’an Manuscripts in San�’a�’.�” In The Qur�’an as Text, ed.

Stefan Wild, pp. 107�–11. Leiden, 1996. Quaritch, Bernard. The Qur�’an: Scholarship and the Arts of the Islamic Book. London, 1999. Rezvan, Efim A. �“The Qur�’an and its World: 1. The Problem of Reconstructing Ancient

Arabian Cosmogenic and Anthropogenetic Lore.�” Manuscripta Orientalia 2, 4 (1996). ________. �“The Qur�’an and its World: 2. The Miracle of the Book (The Qur�’an and Pre-

Islamic Literature).�” Manuscripta Orientalia 3, 1 (1997). ________. �“On the Dating of an �‘Uthmanic Qur�’an�’ from St. Petersburg.�” Manuscripta Orientalia

6, 3 (2000): 19�–22. Rice, D. S. The Unique Ibn al-Bawwab Manuscript in the Chester Beatty Library. Dublin, 1955. Safwat, Nabil F. Golden pages: Qur�’ans and other manuscripts from the collection of Ghassan I. Shaker.

Oxford, 2000.

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Safwat, Nabil. F., ed. The Harmony of Letters: Islamic Calligraphy from the Tareq Rajab Museum. Singapore: The Board, 1997.

Saint-Laurent, Beatrice. �“The Identification of a Magnificent Koran Manuscript.�” In Manuscrits

du moyen-orient: essais de codicologie et paléographie. Ed. François Déroche, pp. 115�–24. Istanbul and Paris, 1989.

Shebunin, A. F. �“Kuficheskij Koran Imperatorskoj Sankt-Petersburgsko publichnoj biblioteki.�”

Zapiski Vostochnogo Otdelenija imperatorskogo russkogo arkheologicheskogo obshchestva 6 (1891): 69�–133.

Splendeur et majesté: Corans de la Bibliothèque nationale. Paris, 1987. Stanley, Tim. The Qur�’an and Calligraphy: A Selection of Fine Manuscript Material. London, 199�–. Stetskevich, T. �“Koran Osmana.�” Nauka i religija 7 (1975): 54�–56. Tabbaa, Yasser. �“The Transformation of Arabic Writing: Part 1, Qur'anic Calligraphy.�” Ars

Orientalis 21 (1991): 119�–48. Tadrus, Fawzi. Dalil ma�’rid makhtutat al-Qur�’an al-karim. Doha, Qatar, 1991. The Holy Quran in Manuscript. A Selection of Fine and Rare Holy Qur�’an Leaves and Manuscripts Exhibited

by the National Bank of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Jeddah, 1991. Van Den Boogert, N. �“Some Notes on the Maghribi Script.�” Manuscripts of the Middle East 4

(1989): 30�–43. Voguet, E. �“L�’inventaire des manuscrits de la bibliothèque de la Grande Mosquée de Kairouan

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