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.

1-1

JASSO

21

2014

18

2011

OECD 2014

18

9-1

18 18

OECD 22 25

OECD 2014, p.391

2 23 1

18

183

1-2

2014

22

2014

2

2014, pp.188-189

2014, pp.194

184

1-3

23 29

18

2014

18

.

2-1

22 8 23 2

9-2 H21

22 23 29 30 39 40

14219

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966

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226

1.3%

185

2-2

9

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2

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n=954

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=.383, p=.0

20

000

014

186

2014

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2-4 23 29

23 29 87%

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. 3

23 29 22

2014

5

9-6 H21

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187

3-1 22

9-7 H21 1 5%

JASSO

JASSO

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n=1094

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2014

3-2 23 29

189

9-9 H21 1 5

JASSO

JASSO

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309

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5 143

9-9

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3-3 23 29

9-11 H21 1 5

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2,102

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.

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.

251

OECD

IDE 2015 5

Department for Business Education & Skills (2011) Higher Education: Students at the heart of the

system. London: Department for Business Education & Skills.

Musset, P. & Field, S. (2013). A Skills beyond School Review of England. Paris: OECD.

(2014)

,4(2),125-135

252

2014

15-1 15-1

253

15-1

* ISCED5A OECD. (2014). Education at a Glance 2014. European Commission. (2014). National Student Fee and Support Systems in European Higher Education.

15-1

OECD. (2014). Education at a Glance 2014.

254

NordForsk

COE

15-2 15-2

15-2

European Commission (2014). National Student Fee and Support Systems in European Higher Education, p.4.

255

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Europeans Commission. (2014). National Student Fee and Support Systems in European Higher Education. Eurydice

15-2 ISK60,000

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257

15-3

European Commission. (2014). National Student Fee and Support Systems 2013/2014.

15-4

Norden (2015). Nordic Statistic Yearbook 2014.

258

60

1

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AMK

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204 3 37

2

274

European Commission. (2014). National Student Fee and Support Systems in European

Higher Education.

Kivinen, Osmo and Juha Hedman. (2000). From a Loan-Based to a Gtant- Based

StudentFinnish experience. in European Journal of Education, Vol. 35, No.1. pp.

97-109.

Migrationsverket. (2012). Immigration of International Students to Sweden.

Norden. (2015). Nordic Statistic Yearbook 2014.

OECD. (2014). Education at a Glance 2014.

OKM. (2014). Opiskelijatutkimus 2014. Korkeakouluopiskelijoiden toimeentulo ja opiskelu.

Jyväskylä: Kopijyvä Oy.

Saarenmaa, Kaisa, et al. (2010). Opiskelijatutkimus 2010. Korkeakoulu- opiskelijoiden

toimeentulo. Helsinki: Yliopistopaino.

275

.

2002 2008 2007 2003

2008 1 2 3 4

2003 93

2009b 294 2012 400

277

.

1-1

2004

2012

2004 2012

16-1

16-1 2010 5

2012 52.5 2.0

2008

1

24 2012

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0%

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60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

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278

16-1 16-2

24 (2012 ) 24 (2012 )

16-1 16-2

16-1

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279

24 (2012 ) 24 (2012 )

16-2 16-3

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16-4 N=7926

16-2 16-3 16-4

16-2 5.8

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5.8%

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(N=2325)

(N=2191)

4.0%

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38.3%(N=196)

(N=2801)

(N=1859)

5.5%

51.3%

43.1% (N=436)

(N=4070)

(N=3420)

280

1-2-1

16-6

2

24 2012

16-6

1-2-2

16-7

5.6

6.2

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57.8

51.6

51.1

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38.1

38.4

43.2

43.0

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

282

16-3

P

16-4

P

16-5

P

16-6 /

P

, 2003,

1991 2000

Vol.58, 86-96

, 2007, , No.47, 22-29

, 2008, 1999

, 2002,

, 2008,

,

No.9, 49-66

, 2009b,

, 279-296

291

.

2014

2013

2012

4

i

37

3737 3738293

.

294

300

90

120 2014

295

OECD

2014

1 2008 2007

2009 2013

296

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