H, He
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Transcript of H, He
![Page 1: H, He](https://reader031.fdocument.pub/reader031/viewer/2022032106/56812bf4550346895d906b19/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
H, HeC, O, N, S, P, …
Organisk kemi(aminosyrer, sukkerstoffer)
Proteiner?Enzymer?DNA/RNA?
H2 ,CO, NH3 , HCHO, …
CH3CH2OH
Skabelsen af livets molekylerSkabelsen af livets molekyler
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3 Skabelsessteder
• I rummet (i ”globuls” dvs, i interstellare gasskyer, tilførsel via kometer)
• I atmosfæren (ved lynudladninger og UV-stråling)
• I ”black smokers” (dvs. undersøiske kildevæld med høj temperatur)
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Indholder bl.a. molekyler med
C(kulstof)-atomer (organisk stof)
”Globul” – en kompakt støvsky
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Simple molekyler i rummet
• Hydrogen H2
• Ammoniak NH3
• Kuldioxid CO2
• Hydrogensulfid H2S• Vand H2O• Formaldehyd HCHO• Hydrogencyanid HCN • Ethanol CH3CH2OH• Diamant ! CX
Kan dannes i det tomme rumHerudfra kan livets byggesten bygges
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Meteornedslag
Vand
Phosphattil DNA
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Jordens kemiske udvikling
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Atmosfæren før og nu
95 % CO2
3 % N2
0 % O2
0,9 % ArH2OCH4
NH3
H2SH2
0,03 % CO2
78 % N2
21 % O2
0,9 % Ar H2O
Før Nu
De sidste (hvide) er nødvendige for at danne aminosyrer og baser (A,T,C,G og U til RNA)Desuden er iltfri forhold nødvendige
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Atmosfærisk oxygen
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Ozonlaget
O2 2 O
O2 + O O3
Ozon (O3) Oxygen Oxygenatomer
Katalyseres af CFC-gasser
Ozon
I stratosfærenUV
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Millers forsøg 1953
Stanley Miller
Baser Aminosyrer
SukkerstofferPorphyrin
Lyn-udladningerog UV-lys
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Baser
CH4 + NH3 HCN + 3 H2
5 HCN
Baser (her A)
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DNA (baseparret A=T)
Phosphat
Deoxyribose
Adenin
ThyminDeoxyribose
Phosphat
A
T
2 Hydrogenbindinger
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RNA og DNA
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Aminosyrer
NH3 + HCHO + HCN + H2S
Aminosyre
Syre-gruppe
Amino-gruppe
Side-gruppe
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ProteinerAminosyre 1 Aminosyre 2 Insulin
Dannelse af svovlbro3 D-aminosyrekæde (Protein)
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Sukkerstoffer
• MonosacchariderDruesukker, frugtsukker• Disaccharider Sukker, mælkesukker• Polysaccharider Stivelse, cellulose
Glukose (druesukker)
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Andre vigtige molekyler
Sukkerstoffet deoxyribose(DNA)
Porphyrin(Hæmoglobin, klorofyl)
Glycerol (fedtstoffer)
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Livets molekyler
• DNA og RNA (bygget af baser, sukkerstoffer, phosphat)
• Proteiner (bygget af aminosyrer)• Sukkerstoffer (bygget af glukose)Kan alle dannes i oxygenfri atmosfære(Millers forsøg)
• Fedtstoffer (bygget af fedtsyrer og sukkerstoffet glycerol)
Kan dannes i ”black smokers”
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Black Smokers
Udspyr vand der er ca. 350 grader varmt
Omgivende vand ca. 25 grader
Sulfider fremmer dannelse af fedtsyrer
Giver liv til ekstreme bakterier, muslinger og vældorme
Bunden af Atlanterhavet
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Fedtsyrer
Mættet fedtsyre (Cellemembraner)
Umættet fedtsyre (Z-konfiguration)
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Phopholipider
Phospholipider danner spontant dobbeltlag
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Fedtblærer
Fedtblærer kan optage flerephospholipider og til sidst dele sig
Dobbeltlag danner fedtblærer
Primitiv ”celle”