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Transcript of h h, Ý ª ¸ - 농업과학도서관lib.rda.go.kr/data/popup_data/REM0067430.pdf · 이루는...
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,
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11-1390000-001388-14
www.rda.go.krwww.rda.go.krwww.rda.go.krwww.rda.go.krwww.rda.go.krwww.rda.go.krwww.rda.go.krwww.rda.go.krwww.rda.go.krwww.rda.go.krwww.rda.go.krwww.rda.go.kr
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(1999. 3) (1999. 12),
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1. 3
2. 8
3. 19
4. 23
2
1. 29
2. 43
3. 53
4. 65
5. 75
6. (Allelopathy) 80
7. 88
8. 96
9. 102
10. 115
3
1. 141
2. () 147
-
3. 151
4. 155
5. 158
6. 161
7. 164
8. () 167
9. 169
10. 172
11. 175
12. () 176
13. 179
14. 181
15. () 183
16. 185
17. 187
18. 189
4
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1997 12 13
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1991 Codex 2000 12
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Codex
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-
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(g/)
61 730 815 500 1,200 1,800
T-N T-C P2O5 K2O CaO MgO Na2O
------------------- % -------------------
3.4 40.7 1.81 2.08 2.54 0.89 0.40 14.2
.
10a 667g/, 2,000g/
, .
3,000g/ .
10a 2530 .
.
( )
()
. 12
(6 ) (8 ) 2
(60) 1.8kg/
( 1).
1. (98, )
- : 25/10a, : 5 20
.
. () 2 .
2. (93, )
-
- 34 -
(%)
(ppm)
(me/100g)
K Mg Ca Na
2 1.8 66 0.22 0.38 3.1 -
3 2.4 71 0.15 0.55 3.8 0.16
(50%)
2 2.3 81 0.32 0.74 4.6 -
3 2.7 85 0.19 0.62 3.9 0.18
( 3).
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5075% .
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(g/m2)
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92
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4
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27
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(%) 85 0 92 0 65 0 88
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.
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, (, weedy
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-
-
- 36 -
7 29 8 11
(%)
(mg/10ml)
Eh(mv)
(%)
(mg/10ml)
-50%
-70%
()
20.5
23.2
96.5
131
119
7
+30
+50
+10
28.4
81.0
97.4
209
28
11
, ( 5)
.
5. (94, )
- : ,:526(), : 30x14cm
: 6 178 19, : 30(3)/10a
(N2-P2O5-K2O) : 11-7-8kg/10a
. (
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.
, 6 .
-
- 37 -
No.1 No.2
856 278 9.7 266 95 0.64
149 175 6.1 119 195 1.31
2 1 0.03 0 0 0
12 37 1.29 4 7 0.05
10 21 0.73 25 130 0.88
0 0 0 3 41 0.28
1,033 512 17.91 417 468 3.16
73 646 22.6 343 5,256 35.44
0 0 0 92 689 4.65
159 27 0.94 0 0 0
478 955 33.41 628 6,211 41.88
- 1,391 48.67 - 8,150 54.96
99.99 1,045 14,829 100
6.
- : No.2 - : - : - :
2 ,
710
.
.
. 5070%
. .
,
Mg/k() 50% + 1.40
1.39 ( 7).
-
- 38 -
(%) (%)
*
*
+
50%
50%+
84
79
85
75
73
11
14
10
20
21
5
7
5
5
6
90
89
91
90
90
4
6
4
5
5
4
3
3
2
2
2
2
2
3
3
()
(cm)
(cm)
m2 ()
()
(%)
(g)
(kg/10a)
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8.27
8.28
61.4
61.1
21.9
20.8
324
307
116
111
85.3
86.0
21.6
20.7
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594
105
100
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: 60(6.15 8.14)
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: 60(6.158.14)
-
- 39 -
(%)
(3) 93.5 7.3 67.4
(5) 94.4 7.3 68.0
9. () (93, )
Amylose
(%)
N
(%)
Mg
(mg/100g)K
Mg/k
()
50%+
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19.6
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111
109
255
252
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79% .
,
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-
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(kg/10a)
(/10a)-A
(/10a)-B
(A-B)
(/10a)
(/10a)
419(94)
1,119,926(151)
151,844(84)
968,082(173)
32,664
1,000,746(179)
448(100)
739,487(100)
180,188(100)
559,299(100)
-
559,299(100)
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-
- 41 -
.
, , ,
, ()
, ,
,
(, , )
.
,
, , ,
.
-
- 42 -
1. . 1995. P.182
2. . 1997. . P. 229
3. . 1997. . P.5-53
4. . 1994. . .
P.210
5. . 1998. -
- P.122
6. . 1996.
. . 4
. P. 593 - 600
7. . 1998. . . P. 1-8
8. .1993. . P. 354 - 357
9. . 1994. . P. 442 - 446
10. . 1992. .
11. . 1997. . 2
. P.48
,
-
- 43 -
2.
.
,
10(genera) 120
.
1981
,
1983 2 25
.
. (Golden
apple snail) .
1996
.
. 1984 12 20
Pomacea canaliculata Lamarck
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16%
42,100ha(1994) ,
34% 920,000ha(2003) . , ,
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-
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Pomacea canaliculata Lamarck.
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.
0.3m2m .
-
- 45 -
(60)
(7-14)
15-2545-59
(60-3)
(60)
(7-14)
15-2545-59
(60-3)
2.40cm
.
1 3501,200,
1.8cm x 4.3cm x 0.94cm, 2.47mm,
12.78mg, 1.69mm x 2.15mm, 3.32mg
. 1 4 30
.
,
12
3 (2030g) .
,
.
2-6 .
-
- 46 -
.
,
.
2000 2002 2004Cheolweon
SEOUL
Chungju
Daejeon
JeonjuDaegu
Pusan
Kangreung
KwangjuSurvival line
Potential line
Cheolweon
SEOUL
Chungju
Daejeon
JeonjuDaegu
Pusan
Kangreung
KwangjuSurvival line
Potential line
Haenam
Damyang
Jeonju
Janghang
Dangjin Eumseong
Yangpyeong
Gumi
Hamyang
SongtanWeonju
Asan
Muan
Haenam
Damyang
Jeonju
Janghang
Dangjin Eumseong
Yangpyeong
Gumi
Hamyang
SongtanWeonju
Asan
Muan
Pohang
Haenam
Damyang
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Chilkog
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Yangpyeong
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Asan
EumseongAndong
Jeonju
Pohang
Haenam
Damyang
KangjinPusan
Chilkog
Hadong
Yangpyeong
Weonju
Asan
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Jeonju
Survival regions until December Over-wintering regions
: 5< : 5 - 10 : 11 - 20 : 21 - 50 :
-
- 47 -
. ,
.
.
(1)
,
.
.
.
.
(2)
1
7 .
1. (g/ )
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* : 5kg/10a, ** : 35
-
- 48 -
.
.
7
,
.
.
.
7
.
(3)
7 10a 5kg
( 2).
2. (g/ )
(kg/10a)
5 10
() - 7 15 7 15
* 64.8 0.9 19.8 1.2 17.8
(%) 0 98.6 70.0 98.2 72.5
* () : g/ ** : 35
-
- 49 -
15
10kg 7 5kg
. ( 7)
(5kg/10a) .
7 5kg 1 98.6% . 1 2 91.3%( 3) 3. ( 35) (g/ )
2 (7)
1
0.5 - 0.3 5.6 0.7 0.1 0.6 - 0.2 2.6 0. - 2.7 1.3 - 7.2 - -
4.1 - 0.3 21.7 1.3 - 19.8 2.9 -
(%) 91.3 98.6 64.8 6.5 .9
* : (), (), : 3kg/10a
-
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2004 5 FAO
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RPC()
.
. 1
2 7.4kg
. 23.3%
-
- 54 -
T-N P205 K20 MgO CaO Na2O C/N
2.18 3.78 1.43 2.34 0.13 0.02 23.3 12.5 18.7
.
10a 150kg
3.3kg, 5.7kg, 2.1kg
.
1. (%)
- :
2. (%)
2.18
5.6
5.09
6.67
2.14
0.68
3.78
2.57
2.52
1.48
4.23
0.12
1.43
1.38
1.09
2.07
1.60
0.17
7.39
9.55
8.70
10.22
7.97
0.97
.
. ,
. 3
.
180kg/10a
-
- 55 -
7 .
. 350kg/10a
.
350kg
.
. 200kg
2
.
3.
(g/m
2)
27.3
25.4
28.0
82.2
89.8
94.7
375.6
387.3
414.9
(kg/10a)
180
350
-
-
-
85
85
112
453
605
631
- :
NH4-N
1 .
-
- 56 -
.
0
20
40
60
80
NH
4-N
(
mg/k
g)
.
4
.
.
.
.
4. (cfu/g)
(104)
(101)
15.7
22.3
61.2
23.2
9.1
1.1
29.3
10.3
- :
180kg/10a
5 20 5
5 .
-
- 57 -
65 6658
47 49
0
20
40
60
80
5 10 15 20
(g
/3pot)
529
0
200
400
600
(k
g/1
0a)
180kg 350kg
30%
100%
83%
98% 92%
106%
, 30%
1518%
.
30% .
( 3).
5
.
.
-
- 58 -
5.
()
()
()
(g)
(%)
(kg/10a)
26.2
25.8
22.6
22.3
81.8
81.5
22.2
21.1
91.8
87.8
542
485
.
.
.
(1)
. (shading effect).
.
-
- 59 -
.
. 4
. pH 6
200400mV 100mV
.
.
.
,
, .
.
ABA(Abscisic acid).
ABA
ABA
.
(2)
180kg/10a 30%, 5
7% , 350kg/10a 10%, 5
-
- 60 -
.
180kg/10a 56%, 350kg/10a
32% .
.
6
.
6. ()
* **
(/m2) (g/m2) (/m2) (g/m2)
117
13
116
8
50
80
730
10
42
20
16
0
20
215
55
0 254 870 78 290
* : 160kg/10a, **
-
- 61 -
. 12cm
,
. , ,
, ,
.
20
.
.
,
2
.
.
(3)
,
.
pH Mg/K
,
.
.
-
- 62 -
.
(1)
,
12
, , . 1
(35 ) 45
. 1
15
, 2
45 .
(2)
10a 1 ( 45) 200kg
, 2
300kg/10a 2 1 200kg/10a, 2 100kg/10a
.
(3)
.
,
.( 6) (pellet)
.
.
.
.
.
-
- 63 -
, ,
,
. 8.
-
- 64 -
8m 1 5
.
.
.
,
. ,
,
, , , ,
.
.
()
1. . . 2000. P.258.
2. . . 2000. P.354
3. ../http://moohee21.com.ne.kr/rice.html.
4. 53. (). 2001. P.248.
5. 53. (). 2002. P.296.
6. . . (). 2002
7. Allelopathy. Academic Press, INC. 1983. P422.
8. RICE : chemistry and technology, The American Association
of Cereal Chemists, Inc. St. Poul, Minnesota, USA. 1985. P.774
,
-
- 65 -
4.
.
,
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
-
- 66 -
(1)
(20cm),
,
.
(2)
.
()
, (
2/10a) (100Kg/10a),
.
()
100 (, , , )
1,500kg , , 700kg
100kg
, 2
.
(3)
(6070cm)
.
(4)
.
.
(5)
.
-
- 67 -
. 1 .
(6)
. ()
()
.
1 5 ,
7
4, 4
5 .
(7)
.
.
.
()
-
- 68 -
.
1315 60 .
.
, 2030cm 4050
.
60
1030cm 4050 .
.
.
.
1. 10cm (99,)
10cm
41
75
81
2
3
74
26.2
25.6
23.5
27.8
29.8
28.0
32.3
33.5
29.8
38.3
41.0
39.2
35.5
35.7
32.3
42.5
45.2
42.6
29.8
32.0
27.9
34.9
37.2
36.3
331
26.5
26.1
24.9
31.9
32.8
29.7
: 99.7.218.20, :
.
-
- 69 -
. ()
.
. .
.
, .
,
.
,
.
, .
,
.
.
.
. , ,
.
,
.
.
-
- 70 -
.
.
(1)
.
.
: , ,
, , ,
, , ,
,
,
:
: , , (
),
: (TMV)
2. (98 )
(%)
(%)
(kg/10a)
(98) 30kg/10a
(97+98) 30kg/10a
*
**
(2+200kg/10a)
30.1 ab
34.8 bc
15.5 a
48.7 cd
99.6 f
99.9f
69.9
65.2
84.5
51.3
0.3
-
1,535
1,414
1,860
1,110
6
2
100
92
121
72
0.3
0.1
*2/10a+100kg/10a++++
**++
-
- 71 -
(Verticillium wilt)
.
. , ,
.
3. (1989, )
1976 1977
20
40
70
20
40
60
(cm)
(cm)
0.0
16.3
0.0
29.4
0.0
38.7
0.0
23.6
0.5
63.5
0.0
84.2
8.4
6.1
13.3
7.4
216
52
: 76. 7. 218.23, 77.7.188.7 : 76.9.12, 77. 11.20
(Fusarium)
,
.
.
.
4.
(1993, :)
(%)(%) (cm)(g/m2)
75
73
0
0
22
24
1,345
1,329
-
- 72 -
(4,5
/300)+()+
,
20
.
100
5.3 85
% 77
45
20
10
5
(/0.1g)733 227 560 527
()
(cm)
3.2
23.2
3.3
24.9
3.2
25.1
3.4
26.6
(2)
+, ++, ++, ++
+
1627%
.
-
- 73 -
5. (93 )
T-
T-N
(%)C/N
T-C
(%)
T-N
(%)C/N
+
++
++
+++
5.5
11.4
11.7
11.5
11.5
0.27
0.32
0.34
0.42
0.42
20.4
35.6
34.4
27.4
27.4
4.8
9.5
8.5
9.4
8.9
0.26
0.31
0.31
0.41
0.41
18.5
30.7
27.4
22.9
21.7
(3)
.
6.
+
++
++
+++
++
-
-
-
-
+++
-
-
-
-
+
+++
++
++
++
: - , + , ++, +++
7. (1991, )(/m2)
1,069
0
200
6
261
26
89
42
6
0
0
0
1,336
26
289
48
-
- 74 -
8. (99)
pH(1:5)OM
(g/kg)
Av.P2O5(mg/kg)
Ex.K(cmol+/kg)
ec
(dS/m)
+++
()
6.1
6.2
5.9
6.0
6.0
39
41
39
38
38
1,898
2,305
1,988
1,957
2,076
2.0
3.8
2.2
2.2
2.1
2.04
3.81
2.48
3.05
2.56
: 99. 7. 218. 20., :
1. . 1987.
2. -2 -. 1990.
3. 1995.
4. Plant Pathology -4th ed. 1997. George N. Agrios.
5. 99 . 1999.
6. . 1999
7. 99 . 1999.
8. (1995), (7),
9. (1999),
10. (1993), , 3
11. (1997),
, ,
-
- 75 -
5.
.
,
.
, ,
.
SK ,
0103 .
0204 .
2003
.
.
(1)
SK
. SK
(PES) . 2003
190, 200m, 7/65(
/) 1 100 .
.
-
- 76 -
UnwinderCorona
Hopper
Extruder (110)
WinderChiller
(Dies=160 )
40m/min.
Hopper succinic acid(SA), adipic acid(AA) 1,4-butanediol
(1,4-BD) copolymer
(2)
, , (6)
, ()
.
(2003, )
()
( 6)
10222051
-
- 77 -
(3)
Pes10
+.
.
(0203, )
(%)
(
)
(kg/10a)
(Pes10+)
(Pes5+)
()
98
88
-
4550
5560
-
502
462
504
99.6
91.7
100
(4)
,
1,4-butanediol, succinic acid asipic acid
.
, (SK )
.
()
4WAT 8 16 18 4 8 16 22 4 8 16 22
1,4-BD 1.02 1.01 1.03 1.01 1.15 4.51 0.85 0.99 1.91 27.3 4.48 0.92
SA 0.83 1.08 1.53 1.02 1.08 2.26 0.97 0.65 1.06 1.65 1.66 0.60
AA 0.99 1.30 1.61 0.93 0.98 0.99 1.03 1.04 1.17 15.6 3.45 1.01
- =
- WAT : (week after transplanting)
- : 1,4-butanediol(1,4-BD), succinic acid(SA), adipic acid(AA)
-
- 78 -
.
.
. ,
.
12cm
.
.
.
,
.
.
.
80% .
.
. ,
.
-
- 79 -
1. . 2000~2003. .
2. S. Peng. K. Shen. X. Wang. etc. 1999. A new rice cultivation
technology.
3. Nagata M. Hiyoshi K. etc. 1997. Muching cultivation system
using polyethylene film for early-season culture rice. Bull.
Fac. Agric. Miyazaki Uni. 43:129-136.
4. Shen K. Wang X. Liu J. Luo X. 1997a. Test and
demonstraion on wet-cultivation with film mulching of rice.
Hubei. Agric. Sci. 5: 18-22.
5. Shen K. Wang X. Luo X. 1997b. Preoiminary report on
wet-cultivation with film mulching of rice. Hubei. Agric. Sci. 1: 6-8.
6. . 1998. .
7. . 2003.
8. W.H.Yang et al. 2002. Uniform Seedling Establishment and
Inhibition of Weed Occurrence by Seed-Mat Mulching in
Water Seeded Rice. Korean Crop Sci. 47(2)
9. W.H.Yang et al. 2003. Weed Occurrence, Soil Temperature,
and Rice Growth as Affected by Different Biodegradable
Mulching Materials in Water Seeded Rice. Korean Crop Sci.
48(1)
10. . 2004. SKY MAT
.
-
- 80 -
6. (Allelopathy)
. (Allelopathy)?
(allelochemicals)
()
.
BC 300 ()
(-Tribulus terrestris)
, , , , , ,
(allelochemicals)
(, , , , ,
)
.
(toxic gases), (organic acids)
(aldehydes), (aromatic acids),
(unsaturated lactones), (coumarins), (quinones),
(flavonoids), (tannins), (alkaloids),
(terpenoids), (steroids) 2
(leaching)
(mechanism)
-
- 81 -
.
(mulching)
(rotation)
(intercropping)
(allelopathic type
germplasm)
(biosynthesis)
(natural herbicide)
.
(1) (mulching)
()
: 3075
- ()
-
- 82 -
- Necrosis
() (hairy vetch)
, (6)
, ,
10
(Astragalus sinicus
L, chines milk vetch),
, , (cyanamide) , ,
(soil
incorporation)
-
- 83 -
.
.
, ,
( )
- : Man'nou, :Tsune-kane, : 800m2
( )
- : Marugame, : Hirata, : 1,000m2
( )
- : Zentsuji, : Kawada, : 900m2
- : Tyu-nan, : Morichika, : 600m2
()
- : Kounan, : Oka, : 50,000m2
()-10
- : Toyohama, : Oohiro, : 80,000m2
-
- 84 -
(2) (rotation)
) , , cowpea
(3) (intercropping)
() (
) ()
-
- 85 -
(allelopathy green manure, AG) ,
3 4
() ()
20~30cm
( )
,
(cyanamide-NH2CN), , ,
-
- 86 -
(4) (allelopathic type
germplasm)
1988 USDA-ARS
12,000
412
ducksalad
10cm
(5) (biosynthesis)
2
(6) (natural herbicide)
,
-
- 87 -
.
, ,
,
(/)
-
- 88 -
7.
.
,
,
, ,
, .
PE 4/1 .
, ,
, .
.
.
. ,
.
,
.
.
PE .
(HDPE) 42%, 47% PE 11%
. (LDPE)
PE 20% .
, ,
-
- 89 -
()
(, , )
( )
(, )
(, PVC,
EVA)
(,)
()
(7)
(4)
64,949
196,342
25,841
109,541
25,000
841
109,541
25,000
1,518
, 39,721
18,949
18,552
(43,100/)
(21,000/)
261,290 135,382(52%)
( : 125,908, 48%)
135,382
( : 26,080)
109,302(81%)
5,562
, (, , )
.
,
.
-
- 90 -
.
,
.
.
.
.
,
, ,
4 .
.
PCL[Poly(caprolactone)], PLA[Poly(lactic acid)],
-
- 91 -
Aliphatic polyester, Ali-aro polyester .
,
.
,
.
.
.
PE
2004 . 2006 3
, 2004 1
.
30%, 70%
15, 20, 25 ,
LDPE20 . 5 20
.
1.
(kg/cm2)
(%)
(%)
(%) 30 30
15 284 173 40 796 8 99
20 270 146 56 816 7 99
25 304 160 48 783 14 98
(PE) 20 377 418 111 836 832 1
-
- 92 -
((KSM
3503) 150kg/cm2, 180%)
, 4.
. 30
.
5
-
- 93 -
.
2.
(cm
2/m2dayatm)
30
15 2,264 1,390
20 2,282 1,660
25 1,990 968
(PE) 20 19,197 8,970
,
30 50%
.
.
,
4 .
3.
-
- 94 -
30 . 30
30% .
3.
(g) 30(g) (%)
15 5.252 3.641 30.6
20 5.774 4.134 28.4
25 6.652 4.572 31.2
(PE) 20 3.425 3.420 -
: 2020cm 5, : 5cm
-
- 95 -
7. 60 . PE
,
.
.
.
-
- 96 -
8.
.
.
.
,
.
.
.
,
.
.
. 30
, EC 8.26 dS/m
EC 3.42 dS/m .
-
- 97 -
EC EC
.
, 496.0 mg/kg
33.8 mg/kg
40.5
mg/kg 141.0 mg/kg
. EC
.
EC
.
.
1 (03 )
pH EC OM NH4-N NO3-N Av.P2O5
(1:5) (dS/m) (g/kg) (mg/kg) (mg/kg) (mg/kg)
5.10 8.26 18.5 40.5 496.0 627.1
6.12 3.42 42.3 141.0 33.8 795.9
6.60 3.15 29.6 128.4 33.5 793.9
5.89 7.71 20.8 33.2 346.0 639.2
,
EC .
2000kg(10a )
. 30
.
-
- 98 -
.
(Biomas N) .
Biomas N 331 mg/kg 31 mg/kg
.
(Biomas N) .
(Biomas N)
.
31 39
222
331
0
100
200
300
400
500
BN m
g k
g-1
.
,
. Fusarium spp,
Phytophthora spp
.
.
-
- 99 -
.
.
.
.
.
.
Fusarium spp, Phytophthora spp
.
2. (03 )
Fusarium spp(10
5 cfu/g soil)
Phytophthora spp(10
5 cfu/g soil)
(/)
4.9 0.6 5.7 0 0 0.0 0.4 0 0.6 3.5 0.1 5.1
3. (03 )
(105 cfu/g soil)
(105 cfu/g soil)
(105 cfu/g soil)
22 14 10
328 216 504
144 65 39
59 30 20
-
- 100 -
4. (04 )
(%)
84 103
() 17.0 47.5
0.2 0.2
(
15cm ) 40C
2535C .
.
.
.
10a 864kg 576kg
.
, ,
.
-
- 101 -
.
2000kg(10a ) (,
)
()
() 2030
-
- 102 -
9.
.
1970 ,
. 80
.
. ,
50%
.
,
.
(Astragalus sinicus L.)
.
Bradyrhizobium sp.
, 7080%
.
,
, .
(Azolla) ,
,
. Azolla pinnata
var.imbricata A. filiculoides, A. microphylla, A.
caroliniana, A. mexicana , 70%
-
- 103 -
( Cyanobacteria) Anabaena azollae
.
(Biomass)
() .
.
.
(1)
()
.
2.25% ,
75 65%
.
,
.
2.4/10a 3.6
( 1).
.
0.51.1%, 0.5Cmol+/kg,
219mg/kg .( 2)
,
0.65, 0.38Cmol+/kg
-
- 104 -
14
15.2
29.6
8.7
16.0
89.4
24.5
15.4
60.2
20.5
10.6
47.3
17.6
16.8
26.7
16.1
57.5
110.6
67.4
34.6
75.4
39.7
28.6
50.6
24.8
(%) (mg/kg) (10a )
3.8
2.7
2.7
2.7
2.2
2.1
58
93
67
56
88
48
3.54
2.40
3.68
.
() .
1.
( : mg/kg)
2.4/10a, 500kg/10a, N-P2O5-K2O = 11-7-8kg/10a
,
,
( 3).
, .
2.
-
- 105 -
(kg/cm2)
10 20 30 40
11kg/10a
15kg/10a
9.7
10.0
10.7
16.8
16.1
18.6
19.3
26.0
17.4
23.9
20.7
22.2
14.0
19.5
19.3
19.1
(cm)(cm) (/) (cm) (/)
(3.54t/10a)
5.5kg/10a
11kg/10a
35.2
37.0
39.1
40.4
10.6
13.7
14.7
16.0
63.9
69.3
68.3
72.0
10.8
14.0
13.0
14.7
59.7
67.4
63.0
65.5
3.
()
.( 4).
5.5kg/10a
50% .
(11kg/10a) .
5 .
. 3.54/10a
5.5kg/10a
8.5% , 11kg/10a
98.2% .
50%
.
-
- 106 -
0 5.5 11 15kg/10a
(3.54t/10a)
507.2
(137.3)
534.1
(113.7)
572.2
(110.8)
575.3
(100.7)
369.3
(100)
467.4
(100)
516.3
(100)
537.7
(100)
(3.54t/10a)
483.2
(122.5)
519.5
(109.9)
553.3
(105.1)
587.9
(103.7)
408.6
(100)
488.4
(100)
555.1
(100)
584.5
(100)
(11kg/10a)
(10a )
507.2(98.2)
545.0(105)
452(97.6)
516.3(100)
519.0(100)
463.0(100)
3.54
2.40
3.68
5.
(kg/10a)
2.4/10a
11kg/10a 5% .
3.68/10a 11kg/10a
97.6% .( 6).
.
6.
(2)
()
Anabaena
-
- 107 -
7
11kg/10a
11kg/10a
52
77
33
68
35
45
61
69
22
41
41
55
210
. 35%( 0.1
50.25%)
.
8kg/10a ,
11kg/10a 16mg/kg
. ( 7).
3.45/10a
7 57%
1.7 1.6 .
1
.
7.
(mg/kg)
-Anabaena
4.7kg/10a .
.
-
- 108 -
(N 11kg/10a)
()
+N4
+N5.5
+N8
+N8.25
+N11kg/10a
100(450.9kg) 80.0 - 88.3 - 93.5 97.1 100(499.6kg) 81.1 - 93.6 - 99.8 103.0 100(361.0kg) - 99.4 - 108.7 - 124.7
100(410kg)- - - - -
102.4104.9
100(470kg) - - - - - 127.7142.6
2
10kg/10a, 30 2
100% .
2050% .
.
, ,
.
()
8 .
8.
(, %)
- .
(mat)
-
- 109 -
2.514.9% .
11kg/10a
25%, 50%.
.
.
(1)
.
.
pH 6.5
.
36kg/10a
. ( 35
)
. 9
1020 .
.
4kg/10a( 20kg/10a
) 3kg/10a( 5kg/10a )
1kg/10a( 2.2kg/10a 4.8kg/10a )
.
.
2
1
. 40
.
-
- 110 -
(2)
30
.
.
.
-5
. 4
560kg/10a, 0.751.5kg/10a
.
, .
.
:
.
.
0.71.0kg/m2 12kg/m2
10g/m2 .
:
5070kg 510cm
.
58
.
.
5080% .
15 .
23
-
- 111 -
.
.
.
2030
.
45
.
1
2 .
.
(Biomass) m2 1.5kg2.0kg
(mat) 23 .
.
40
8 .
Rymanae, Rhizoctonia
Nymphula, Pyrails .
.
.
, , ,
-
- 112 -
.
.
.
50%
.
.
.
25%,
50% .
1. . , . 1995.
, . pp611615.
2. , , , , . 1996.
. . pp551
555.
3. , , , , . 1997.
. . pp694
704.
4. . , , , . 1994.
.
pp400405.
5. Roger, P. A., and J. K. Ladha. 1992. Biological N2 fixation in
wetland rice field: Estimation and contribution to nitrogen
balavce Plant Soil 141:4155.
6. , , . 1985.
. pp446454.
-
- 113 -
7. , , , . 1996.
. ( ).
pp371377.
8. . 1984. Azolla .
. pp551 - 563.
9. . 1991. .
60(4): 583592.
10. Watanabe, L., and C.C. Liu. 1992. Improving nitrogen-fixing
systems and integrating them into sustasinable rice farming
Plant Soil 141: 5767.
11. Watanabe, I. 1978. Soils and Rice. IRRI, pp466468.
12. Watanabe, I., and P. A. Roger. 1984. Nitrogen fixation in
wetland rice filed. In. Current Developments in Biological
Nitrogen Fixation. Ed. N. S. Subba Rao. pp237 - 276.
OxFord&IBH, New Delhi.
13. . 1998. . 31 : 4555.
14. , . 1984. I.
Azolla-Anabaena . 26(2)(
...) : 72-83.
15. , , , . 1996.
, 38(2): 299303.
16. , , , . 1995.
. 37(1): 255258.
17. , ,1993.
.
. pp111114.
18. , , , , . 1997. -
. 42(2): 564570
-
- 114 -
19. . 1993. -
-. . pp3167.
.
, ,
-
- 115 -
10.
.
.
FAO/WHO
CODEX
.
CODEX
.
,
, , ,
,
,
, ,
, , .
.
(1)
,
. CODEX
2001
,
.
-
- 116 -
CODEX
.
(Stocking Rate) ,
,
, ,
.
.
,
,
.
()
,
.
.
(1 1)
.
.
, 15 : 1 ,
,
-
- 117 -
.
.
,
.
,
.
.
.
,
.
.
(2)
2001 7 Codex ,
. EU
NGO
3 .
,
.
, 5 , ,
1530%
.
-
- 118 -
(USDA) (ERS) 2010
EU 460, 450,
110 . ERS
,
, ,
.
52 5,500
30
.
, , ,
. FAS()
670 ,
USDA 1997 130
. FAS
.
, 1997 10
, 1997 1995 14%
. 1996 1998
140% , 136
.
. ,
.
,
.
.
,
,
-
- 119 -
,
.
Codex Alimentarius, EU, USA, IFOAM
.
, ,
,
. EU
,
. Codex EU
, . IFOAM
,
.
.
.
, ,
,
.
.
(1)
() ()
-
- 120 -
-
-
- 1 : (++ )
- 2 : +
- 3 : + Silage
(5.0) (
47.7% )
silage (3.3) silage
( 31.6% .)
:
30
() ()
: 18ha
: , ,
( : = 6 : 4)
: 18
-
- 121 -
- I : ( + )
- : ( + )
pH 6.33 1
,
.
ha 28,
2.1.
40%
4.5 .
18.0kg 1.9.
() ()
.
()
-
- 122 -
() ()
- : , , - : ,
()
- : ,
- : ,
40% .
.
.
.
() ()
-
- 123 -
(2)
() (2001,
)
,
() (2002,
)
Coodex
() (2002,
)
Codex
() , (2000,
)
Agenda 2000
-
- 124 -
(3)
()
()
:
80 80400
()2,000 6,000
()
1
7.1/
400kg
10.9/
17.3/
,
4.0/
1.0/,
3.1/,
10.4/
0.22/
0.07/
,
568
(172)
1,192
(361)
441
(133)
440
(133)
420
(127)
(1,325)
(475)
(451)
3
1,704(515)
3
3,576(1,082)
( )
60,000( 750) 96,000( 1,200)
20,000( 250) 32,000( 400)
-
- 125 -
-
-
-
- (336)
-
(4)
()
.
.
.
: 2,000 10
2,000 20~30
: ( 3)
1/3 .
: Non-NGO
-
- 126 -
:
: .
: 400
()
99
98 , 60ha
.
(ha)
27.0 , ,
1.5 ,
16.5
15.0
60.0
()
() 03
06
150,
300, 100,
.
.
(1) EU
EU , EU
,
.
EU
-
- 127 -
.
()
.
20%
.
()
,
1 3kg/ .
.
.
() , , ,
4 .
()
,
.
()
,
, , .
()
.
.
.
,
-
- 128 -
1m 4.5,
.
25%
.
()
ha 2.5
(GVE) .
20%
.
.
,
.
.
(2)
(Organic Food Production Act) 1990
USDA
(AMS) (National Organic
Program) . 2000 1
2000 3 , ,
2000 12 ,
.
()
3 1
.
2, 1
. .
-
- 129 -
.
40% .
.
.
.
.
.
()
100%
, , C
.
.
.
(3)
(JAS)
. 46
,
JONA( &)
.
()
. () 1 20a,
() 1 10a, () 1a 25
.
-
- 130 -
, .
, , , .
.
.
.
. ,
.
, , .
, .
.
.
() ()
, , ,
, , , ,
, ,
, ,
(, )
.
,
, ( ),
-
- 131 -
.
()
.
, ,
.
, , ,
.
( , )
.
.
()
( ) .
.
.
10% .
1
. 1/3 ,
1
.
1 .
.
()
.
, , ,
-
- 132 -
, ,
JONA
.
.
, , , ,
, ,
(4)
2001 7 (
9 2)
.
()
,
.
,
, ,
.
.
.
.
()
.
-
- 133 -
.
.
.
.
.
, ,
,
.
.
.
,
, ,
.
,
. , 25kg
.
,
,
.
.
()
( )
.
-
- 134 -
,
.
. ,
.
. , 2004 12 31
.
()
,
.
.
.
()
100%
. , 20101231
- 85%
- 80%
,
.
.
-
- 135 -
.
-
-
-
-
-
()
.
.
2
.
.
,
. ,
.
, ,
,
. ,
.
.
-
- 136 -
(m2/())
() 400kg 7.1
400kg 9.2
450kg 10.9
13.2
17.3
9.5
17.3
4.0
() 60110kg 1.0
() 3.1
10.4
0.07
0.22
1.5kg 0.16
2.5kg 0.22
30kg 1.3
30kg 1.3
) 3 .
()
.
,
.
242 28
.
, .
-
- 137 -
.
BSE 1999 ,
.
.
(, , , )
,
(Eco-Diversity) , ,
,
.
FAO/WTO
CODEX
CODEX
.
1. . 2000. .
2. . 2001. .
3. . 2002. ,
.
4. . 2003. ,
.
5. . 2003. .
-
- 138 -
6. . 2003.
.
7. , , , . 2001.
, .
8. KRRC. 2003. 21 . .
9. . 2001. EU
, .
10. . 1999. .
11. ERS. 1997. Agrisystem International. USDA.
12. FAS. 2000. U.S and Golbal Organic Dairy, Livestock and
Poultry production : Implication for International Trade. USDA.
13. http://www.ifoam.org/pub/books&resources.html.
14. http://www.oeko-regelungen.de/db/pdf/comparison_eu_usa_pdf.
15. http://www.oeko-regelungen.de/db/pdf/comparison_ifoam_eu_codex.pdf.
16. http://www.organic-research.com.
17. Sundrum, A.,L.Buetfering, M. Henning and H. Hoppenbrock. 2000.
Effect of On-farming Diets for Organic Pig Production on
Performance and Carcass Quality. J.Animal Sci. 78, 11991205.
18. Sundrum, A., B. Kulig and G.Biedermann. 2000. Feeding
Strategy in Organic Farming to Improve the Quality of Pork.
-
3
-
- 141 -
3
1.
.
, .
.
.
80150
500
3,4-
.
(tar) ,
3
180300, 240400,
280550 .
(wood chip)
. ,
34 .
.
8090% 1020% .
(37%) ,
-
- 142 -
Acetic acid
Propionic acid
Butyric acid
Maltol
40.20
7.89
0.18
3.24
44.94
6.14
0.80
3.95
36.14
4.23
0.57
2.98
39.40
8.30
0.80
3.67
2-Methyl-4-oxo-pentan-2-ol
Methyl glycolate
Tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol
5-Hydroxy-methyl-2-furfural
0.34
0.90
2.12
0.35
0.58
0.40
2.02
0.68
0.21
0.80
1.10
0.72
0.57
2.00
2.21
1.70
Guaiacol
2-Methoxy-4-cresol
-Cresol
Ethyl-guaiacol
p,m-Cresol
Vanillin
4-Acetyl-2-methoxy-phenol
4-Allyl-2,6-dimethoxy-phenol
1.88
3.19
0.78
1.57
5.44
0.30
3.35
1.14
2.83
4.21
1.45
2.22
1.98
0.58
1.60
0.36
2.59
4.72
1.38
1.42
3.67
1.35
6.57
3.19
1.75
2.30
1.50
2.57
5.10
1.00
3.00
0.78
2-Cyclopentanone
3-Octylpropionate
Furfural
Hexane-2,5-olide
5-Methyl-furfural
Butan-4-olide
Cyclotene
3-Ethyl-cyclopentane-1,4-olide
1.28
1.31
5.38
2.75
0.33
1.48
4.00
2.02
1.64
1.44
1.80
0.60
0.90
1.80
4.92
1.64
1.42
1.12
1.20
2.11
0.40
0.74
5.62
2.97
2.04
2.06
8.72
7.50
1.65
1.55
1.73
0.79
8.01 6.95 7.77 9.95
, , pH3 .
, , 6,
, 10, ,
12
200
.
. (%)
-
- 143 -
pH T-N
P2O5 K2O CaO MgO Cu Fe Mn Zn
----------- % ----------- ----- / -----
2.73.6
.tr.0.03 tr. 0.03 tr. tr. tr.
4228
tr. tr.14
(%) pH
(%)
()
1.0051.0400.65.3
1.55.0
2.03.5 2.0
,
1.0051.0200.62.5
3.06.0
2.03.5 1.5
1.0201.0402.55.3
2.35.5
2.03.5 6.0
1.0201.0402.55.3
4.59.0
2.03.5 6.0
1.0051.020
0.02.5
1.06.0
2.03.5 0.3 ,
.
.
.
. pH, ,
, , , , ,
.
()
* 1999-35(99. 5. 1)
. (98 , )
(Fe)
-
- 144 -
.
- : (), (), (),
()
-
() : ,
+ 500 6 (1
200/10a)
. ( : /10a)
191 (100) 524 (100) 3,982 (100) 10,019 (100)
120 (63) 516 (98) 4,040 (101) 9,117 (91)
.
(98 ) ( : %)
T-N P2O5 K2O CaO MgO Na2O
() 0.61 0.15 1.99 1.64 0.72 0.66
1,000 0.61 0.25 2.96 2.04 1.30 1.14
500 0.32 0.12 2.28 2.22 1.09 1.10
250 0.06 0.08 3.20 3.16 1.18 1.50
() 1.12 0.27 9.18 3.44 1.80 0.73
1,000 1.16 0.27 9.14 4.36 2.28 0.77
500 0.83 0.12 10.52 4.77 2.17 1.23
250 0.10 0.01 7.61 6.52 2.37 1.99
- ,
- Ca, Mg Na
-
- 145 -
. (98 ) ( : /)
(69) 611 616 625
104.0 0 0 0
11.2 29.7 28.6 0
-
. (98 )
(%)
(%)
(%)(%)
77.5 0 1.5 70.0 65.6 0 2.8 38.3
. (98 )
( : %)
6
20
3.3
5.2
3.4
6.2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
7
20
2.5
3.9
3.7
14.0
2.5
2.2
2.7
15.1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
8
21
4.8
5.6
4.7
11.0
4.2
6.3
3.2
46.8
0.7
0.5
1.7
5.7
0
0
0
0
9
12
4.8
5.6
4.7
12.9
4.6
11.7
3.2
56.9
2.5
4.4
2.6
27.4
1.2
1.5
2.1
8.0
-
- 146 -
.
1)
.
2)
,
,
.
.
, ,
.
-
, ,
.
-
.
-
.
1. , , . . . 1999. p143-168
2. . .
. 1998. p151-166
-
- 147 -
2. ()
.
.
, ,
.
, , ,
()
10% .
.
.
1618% .
, ,
,
.
350400 700
, , 23
. 500700
1520%.
9001,000
( ,
-
- 148 -
pH T-N P2O5 K2O CaO MgO Cu Fe Mn Zn
-------- % -------- ----- / -----
9.8 0.25 0.03 0.12 0.44 0.16 5 1,659 43 tr.
) .
1015%
1,000.
. 200300
400 . 1012%
.
.
() 8090%, 90
95% .
, , .
1g 200300
, , pH 89
.
,
. ,
.
. (98 , )
- (Fe)
- ,
-
- 149 -
191
(100)
524
(100)
3,982
(100)
10,019
(100) 225
(118)
428
(82)
4,005
(101)
9,718
(97)
(g/)
(g/)
(/)
(g/)
NPK 124 94 92 1.10(100)NPK + 0.5mm A* 91 93 68 1.40(127) + 0.5mm B* 124 99 95 1.50(136) + 0.5mm C* 118 82 88 1.35(123) NPK + 1mm A 70 58 62 1.21(109) + 1mm B 86 66 72 1.43(130) + 1mm C 117 85 70 1.48(134) NPK + 5mm A 107 57 56 1.13(116) + 5mm B 99 71 56 1.44(130) + 5mm C 98 71 51 1.28(116)
.
- : (), (), (),
()
- () : ,
- + 400kg/10a( : 200kg/10a)
. ( : /10a)
-
. (99)
* : A = 100kg/10a, B = 300kg/10a, C = 600kg/10a
-
-
-
- 150 -
0
20
40
60
80
100
(4/8) 79 811 915
(X 1
02 c
fu/g
)NPK NPK+0.5mm NPK+1.0mm NPK+5.0mm
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
(4/8) 79 811 915
(X 1
02 c
fu/g
)
NPK NPK+0.5mm NPK+1.0mm NPK+5.0mm
.
1)
( ,
)
-
- 151 -
2) ,
300/10a
3)
.
1) . :
. 1998. p11-23
3.
.
1015cm .
2025 56
.
. 10%
56 , ,
.
-
- 152 -
pH T-N P2O5 K2O CaO MgO
4.2
4.7
tr.
0.22
0.05
0.58
0.06
0.36
tr.
0.05
tr.
0.07
524 (100) 3,982 (100) 10,019 (100)
510 (97) 4,171 (105) 9,518 (95)
(69)611 616 625
104.0 0 0 0
19.2 26.4 28.3 0
.
. (98 ) ( : %)
- Lactobacillus
.
- : (), (), (),
(), ()
-
() : ,
+ 500 6 (1
200/10a)
. (/10a)
. (98 ) ( : /)
-
- 153 -
(%)
(%)
(%)
(%)
77.5 0 1.5 70.0
67.6 0 4.8 60.0
(/30)
(/10)
2 1 1 0 4 6 4
2 3 2 0 7 12 13
19.0 1.7 0.5 0.5
4.4 4.2 7.0 3.6
. (98 )
. (98 )
. (98 ) (:%)
,
. (98 )
( : /50, )
7 6 0 0
14 15 3 1.4
-
- 154 -
. (98 )
(g/pot) (g/pot)
21.0(100) 2.4(100) 2.4(100) 1.6(100)
26.4(125) 2.9(125) 2.9(125) 2.2(137)
: 10a 1
-
- ,
.
1)
2)
3)
.
.
1. . , . 1995. p54-56
-
- 155 -
4.
.
, , ,
,
.
.
.
1/2 1/3
.
.
20 57
. 23
.
.
. (96)
(%) (/)
pH T-N P2O5 K2O CaO MgO Cu Fe Mn Zn 3.5 0.03 0.02 0.28 0.10 0.40 0.8 50 11 17
3.6 0.01 0.01 0.15 0.10 0.04 0.6 32 4 10
3.7 0.07 0.05 0.42 0.10 0.04 0.8 36 9 6
3.7 0.04 0.02 0.25 0.12 0.04 0.6 59 6 6
3.7 0.04 0.05 0.35 0.11 0.06 0.1 41 7 12
4.7 0.17 0.14 0.14 0.28 0.42 tr. 150 3 tr.
: 20
- , ,
-
- 156 -
Asp. Glu. Val. His. Arg. Pro.
(10)
0.27
0.11
0.15
0.50
0.20
0.16
0.08
0.39
0.19
0.03
0.055
0.046
0.141
0.110
0.143
0.049
0.012
0.189
0.112
0.022
0.009
-
0.270
0.047
0.036
0.024
-
0.679
0.034
0.026
0.397
0.294
1.064
0.596
0.850
0.968
0.543
3.185
1.588
1.305
. (96 ) ( : %)
Asp.: Aspartic acid, Glu.: Glutaric acid, Val.: Valic acid,
His.: Histidine, Arg.: Arginine, Pro.: Proline
- 30% .
,
, ,
.
. (96 ) ( : % )
Sucrose Glucose Fructose
30.4 13.4 10.7
1.9 27.5 23.9
2.2 24.5 32.2
19.7 29.7 16.0
30.5 30.5 20.2
54.5
53.3
58.9
65.4
54.2
- 5365%
Sucrose 30%
.
- : (), (), (),
(), ()
-
- 157 -
191 (100) 524 (100) 3,982(100) 10,019(100) 2,237 (100)
127 (67) 492 (94) 3,996(100) 9,718(97) 1,534 (68)
(69)(611) 6.16 6 25
104.0 0 0 0
15.6 (100) 57.0 (365) 29.3 (188) 0
-
(): ,
+ 500 6 (1 200/10a)
. (/10a)
. (98 ) ( : /)
. ( 98 )
(%)
(%)
(%)
(%)
77.5 0 1.5 70.0
59.8 5.0 3.3 41.7
. (98 )
(/30)
(/10)
2 1 1 0 4 6 4
3 1 2 1 7 14 15
- ()
-
- 158 -
. (98 ) ( : %)
19.0 1.7 0.5 0.5
54.4 8.8 8.6 3.6
. (98 )
(: /50, )
7 6 0 0
23 6 0 2.2
.
1)
.
2)
( 33%, 32%, 6%,
3% ).
3)
.
.
1. . . . 1995. p50-54
5.
.
, ,
23
-
- 159 -
(%) (mg/kg)
T-N P2O5 K2O CaO MgO Cu Fe Mn Zn
1.95 0.69 0.18 0.45 0.05 0 37 1 1
710 .
.
.
.
. (98 )
- , ,
.
- : (), (), (),
(), ()
-
() : ,
+ 500 6 (1
200/10a)
. (/10a)
191 (100)524 (100)
3,982 (100)
10,019 (100)
2,237 (100)
200 (105)483 (92)
4,126 (106)
9,718 (97)
2,137 (96)
-
- 160 -
. (98 )
(%)
(%)
(%)(%)
77.5 0 1.5 70.0
76.8 2.0 2.4 90.0
. (98 )
()
()
(%)()
()
(%)
(%)
- 4.6 0 45 43 95.5 0
500 4.2 0 55 52 94.5 1.0
. (98 )
(/30)
(/10)
2 1 1 0 4 6 4
2 3 1 0 6 8 4
-
- 161 -
. (98 ) (:%)
19.0 1.7 0.5 0.5
19.4 4.0 1.0 1.2
. (98 )
( : /50, )
7 6 0 0
0 0 0 0.6
.
1)
, ,
2) .
.
1.. . . 1995. p72-73
6.
.
-
- 162 -
.
, ,
.
12
. 1/3
4-5 . 1/3
2/3 710
5 .
.
. (98 )
(%) (mg/kg)
pH T-N P2O5 K2O CaO MgO Cu Fe Mn Zn
4.5 0.17 0.03 0.07 0.02 0.03 0 2 4 2
- , ,
.
.
- : ()
- :
()
250, 500,1000 30 .
. (99)
- 1000 250, 500
-
- 163 -
95
82
102
68
80
96104
78
47
64 6571
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
(g/1
00
)
1000 500 250
. (98 )
(cm) (g/100) (cm) (g/100)
17.5(100) 88.1(100) 24.3(100) 160.6(100)
+ 19.3(110) 112.1(127) 190(78) 110.5(68)
+ 18.3(104) 138.5(157) 16.5(67) 98.8(61)
+ 17.0(97) 107.4(121) 15.5(63) 88.4(55)
21.0(119) 105.0(119) 16.5(67) 91.5(56)
: 500
,
.
1) 500
-
- 164 -
2)
3) , ,
, 5001000
.
- : 500, 500,
500 , , , ,
, 45, , , ,
78 .
- : 500 500,
500
1.. . . 1995. p54-56
7.
.
56
.
1/3
.
-
- 165 -
.
, .
500
. 6570%
.
.
.
. (96 )
T-N P2O5 K2O CaO MgO
-----------(% )-----------
Cu Fe Mn Zn
---(mg/kg)--
3.50 4.26 2.22 0.52 1.53
4.06 3.50 2.01 0.62 1.19
3.40 3.58 2.20 0.60 1.26
1.58 3.04 1.96 0.28 1.29
34 418 298 640
36 426 278 232
35 406 280 178
28 6,090 535 312
-
- , ,
, ,
. (96 ) (:cfu/g)
(10
7) (105) (106) (103) (105)
() 91 0 10 42 13() 14 10 20 425 41() 37 2 110 88 9 *
26 252 1 684 -
* 50
- ,
,
-
- 166 -
.
- : ,
- : (), ()
- ()
100%(NPK = 24 - 20 - 23kg/10a)
75% + 150kg/10a
50% + 300kg/10a
100% + 500 3(30/10a)
150kg/10a(:=1:3 V/V)
-
1:3 5%
2
500
. , 1 (96 )
(cm)
(mm)
(/)
(g/)
(kg/10a)
NPK 100%
NPK 75%+150kg
NPK 50%+300kg
NPK 100%+3
150kg
115.5
103.0
110.6
103.7
101.7
17.7
16.9
17.1
16.9
15.5
50.1
50.8
55.0
49.9
48.5
11.7
10.4
11.0
10.9
9.8
1,763
1,495
1,674
1,641
1,433
LSD at DMRT 5% 15.1 1.7 16.6 0.9 539
* 5075%
-
- 167 -
. (97 )
(kg/10a)(%)
18,131 100
() 16,887 93
(+) 16,709 92
- : 600kg/10a, 2
.
1)
2) , 150600/10a
50%
.
1. . . . 1995. p60-65
8. ( )
.
() ,
.
.
4565 peat land
, , , peat land
ha .
-
- 168 -
T-N P2O5 K2O CaO MgO pH
0.3 0.21 0.44 0.68 1.0 4.5
Cu Fe Mn Zn
tr. 3,222 96 62
, ,
, .
.
.
.
,
.
CEC 70100
.
. ( : %)
. ( : mg/kg)
(Fe), (Mn), (Zn)
.
< >
- : (), (), (),
()
-
- 169 -
-
() : ,
+ 400/10a
. . (/10a)
191 (100)
524 (100)
3,982 (100)
10,019 (100)
204
(107)
490
(94)
3,450
(87)
9,818
(98)
. (98 )
(%)
(%)
(%)(%)
77.5 0 1.5 70.0
53.2 2.5 2.4 60.0
-
.
1)()
9.
.
,
.
-
- 170 -
191 (100)524 (100)
3,982 (100)
10,019 (100)
2,237 (100)
150 (79)504 (96)
3,890 (98)
9,217 (92)
1,621 (72)
T-N P2O5 K2O CaO MgO
0.04 0.06 0.02 0.02 0.02
Cu Fe Mn Zn
0.16 217 3.2 9.4
.
. ( : %)
. ( : mg/kg)
0.020.06% (Fe)
.
- : (), (), (),
(), ()
-
() :
+ 500 6 (1
200/10a)
. . (/10a)
-
- 171 -
. (98 ) ( : /)
(69) 611 616 625
104.0 0 0 0
98.4 29 30.6 0
-
. (98 )
(%)
(%)
(%)
77.5 1.5 70.0
52.6 5.5 73.3
. (98 )
(/30)
(/10)
2 1 1 0 4 6 4
3 2 1 1 7 14 12
.
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141(74) 514(98) 4,015(101) 9,718 (97)
(69) 611 616 625
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240,000/80kg .
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13,500 18,680kg 52,458 13,578 38,880
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2003
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:
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12 11ha
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: , 16ha
()
,
,
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(JiB) (CGB)
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pH
(1:5)
OM
(g/kg)
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6.1 28 82 0.32 5.3 1.2 135
-
- 204 -
- :
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347 244
1,103 897
756 653
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-
-
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()
2002
2004
2002 www.anpyong.or.kr
2003
2004
-
- 206 -
(3)
()
:
: (033-342-3180,
016-9680-2021)
: , 68ha
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1985 12
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. 510 10a 200kg
100kg .
-
- 208 -
-
-
( )
-
( )
( : kg, /300)
473 1,546,526 590,913 955,613, 480 1,462,000 413,081 1,048,919 482 1,466,425 510,807 955,618
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2002
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.
-
- 212 -
43km
,
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80cm pH 5.8, 2.6%,
136ppm 0.35me, 5.0me, 1.2me, 103ppm.
,
.
300 3
.
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.
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.
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