H ein korea final
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Korea at a GlanceKorea at a Glance
SeoulSeoul
BusanBusan
PyongyangPyongyang
About 100 thousand sq kmsAbout 100 thousand sq kms
48 Million Peoples48 Million Peoples
7 Metropolitan cities & 9 Provinces7 Metropolitan cities & 9 Provinces
GNI : USD576.4 Bil.GNI : USD576.4 Bil.
(per capita GNI USD 12,020 as of FY03)(per capita GNI USD 12,020 as of FY03)
Unemployment : 3.5% in 2004Unemployment : 3.5% in 2004
(Youth unemployment 7.9%)(Youth unemployment 7.9%)
Brief history and cultureBrief history and culture
Brief historyBrief history 3 Knigdoms(BC 1C - AD 7C) ~ Shilla(7 - 10C) ~ Koryo(10 – 14C)
~ Chosun(1392 – 1910) : “Country of Morning Calm”“Country of Morning Calm” Japanese colonial rule(1910 – 1945) ~ Korean War(1950 – 1953)
Authoritarian Regime(until 1980s) ~ Democratization(1990s ~ )
Cultural featuresCultural features Homogeneous people and language : prevalence of egalitarianism
Tradition of Confucianism : high regard for learning & zeal for education
→ excessive demand for educatin
Education ideal : Broadly All Human Being
Tradition hierarchy of professions : scholar – farmers – engineers/scientist
– merchants ; preference for “generalist”
Economic developmentEconomic development
TypeType 19701970 19801980 19901990 20002000 20092009
PopulationPopulation(Millions)(Millions)
32 38 43 47 48
GNI per capitaGNI per capita(USD)(USD)
650 2,324 7,751 9,675 19,830
Unemployment Unemployment rate(%)rate(%)
4.4 5.2 2.4 4.1 2.7
Labor forceLabor force(Millions)(Millions)
10 14 19 2224.4
(2008)
Labor forceLabor forceParticipation Participation
rate(%)rate(%)47.6 59.0 60.0 60.7
60.8(2008)
Economy and educationEconomy and education
1960 ~ 19701960 ~ 1970 1970 ~ 19801970 ~ 1980 1980 ~ Present1980 ~ Present
EconomyEconomyTake off & export-driven in ’60s: export acceleration in early ’70s
Structural adjustment in late ’70s: from imitation to innovation in ’80s
National competitiveness in early ’90: Knowledge-based economy in mid-’90s
Major Major IndustryIndustry/Exports/Exports
• Light manufacturing goods(Clothing, textile, shoes,etc)
• Electronic goods(TV, radios)
• Heavy & chemical industry• Iron industry, shipyard, precision
manufacture
• Semiconductor, Information & communication technology
• Computer, Cellular phone, Memory chips, Flat panel TV and Automobile
General General EducationEducation
• Expansion of primary & lower secondary education
• School equalization policy
Expansion of upper secondary education
• Establish life-long learning infra-structure
• Promote deregulation & diversity
VET/HEVET/HE
• Emphasis in VET(late ’60s)• Separate VET track• Limited access to university
education
• Strenthening Junior College & Open University
• Expansion of HE(gradutaion enrollment quota)
• Curriculum integration & school diversification
• Employment insurance system• Cyber university, credit bank
system, etc.
Formal education systemFormal education system
Graduate schoolGraduate schoolGraduate schoolGraduate school
College/University College/University College/University College/University Junior CollegeJunior CollegeJunior CollegeJunior College
2322212019181716151413121110
9876
General high schoolGeneral high schoolGeneral high schoolGeneral high school Vocational high schoolVocational high schoolVocational high schoolVocational high school
Middle schoolMiddle schoolMiddle schoolMiddle school
Elementary schoolElementary schoolElementary schoolElementary school
KindergartenKindergartenKindergartenKindergarten
Age
Governance of educationGovernance of education
Ministry of Education, Science & TechnologyMinistry of Education, Science & Technology Responsible for policies related to human resources development including
school education, higher education, and lifelong learning
Headed by Minister: Ministry status, the national coordinating authority for
Science and Technology division.
National HRD Committee National HRD Committee Composed of 14 line ministries (sub-cabinet meeting)
Monitor and evaluate the implementation of HRD policies
Educational Policy Advisory CouncilsEducational Policy Advisory Councils Ministrerial Education Policy Council
Presidential Commission on Educational Innovation Council
Higher education sectorHigher education sector
UniversitiesUniversities 182 universities(1.8 million enrolments each year)
PolytechnicsPolytechnics 18 Industrial universities(200,000 enrolments each year)
1 technical college(196 enrolments)
Junior collegeJunior college 158 Junior colleges(900,000 enrolments each year)
Junior collegeJunior college 1 Air & corr. University(230,000 enrolments each year)
17 Cyber colleges & Universities(40,000 enrolments each year)
Qualification frameworkQualification framework
HE TypeHE Type Academic QualificationsAcademic Qualifications Vocational QualificationsVocational Qualifications
Junior collegeJunior college Associate Degree Industrial Engineer
UniversityUniversity Bachelor’s DegreeEngineer
Master Craftsman
Graduate schoolGraduate schoolMaster’s DegreeDoctoral Degree
Professional Engineer
Financial invested in HEFinancial invested in HE
KoreaKorea OECDOECD
GDP per Capita(’04)GDP per Capita(’04) USD15,916 USD26,685
Expenditure per student(’04)Expenditure per student(’04) USD6,618 USD12,319
Public expenditure on HE as a Public expenditure on HE as a percentage of GDPpercentage of GDP
0.5 1.3
Ratio of students to teaching staffRatio of students to teaching staff - 15.4
Survival rates in Survival rates in tertiary educationtertiary education
Type AType A 79 70
Type BType B 74 73
Type A : University, Graduate schoolType B : Junior college, Technical college
Introduction WCU projectsIntroduction WCU projects
The WCU(World Class University) project is a higher education subsidy program
of the Korean government, which invites international scholars who possess
advances research capacities to collaborate with Korean faculty members and
establish new academic programs in key growth-generating fields.
With a vision to enhance the competence of Korean universities and nurture high-
quality human resources,
the WCU project seeks to achieve the two following goals :
- Enhance national, higher educational and industrial
competitiveness in inter-disciplinary fields- Transform Korean universities into world-class research
institutions
ComponentsComponents
StrategyStrategy
• Establishment world class
faculty• Secure excellent student &
professor• Best educational
environment• Gradualistic program of
enhancement
EducationEducation ResearchResearch ManagementManagement Etc.Etc.
• Secure star professor• Creative research in basic
& adaptation• Joint research study with
advance research institute• Expansion ratio of
graduate student• Joint research network
• Financing plan• Raining contribution• Strategic roadmap• Student & professor hiring
by advanced system• Public relation
• Increase foreign student• Joint research with foreign
expert• Lecture by English
language• Journal & thesis
Basis composition of WCU Basis composition of WCU on the worldwide research oriented universitieson the worldwide research oriented universities
Propulsion systemPropulsion system
Ministry of Education, Science and TechnologyMinistry of Education, Science and TechnologyBasic PlanningBasic Planning
National Research FoundationNational Research FoundationEvaluationEvaluation
WCU admission committeeWCU admission committeeBudget controlBudget control
Head of WCU admissionHead of WCU admission
Planning & Planning & ManagementManagement
TeamTeam
PerformancePerformanceManagementManagement
TeamTeam
Dept. of Dept. of WCU AssessmentWCU Assessment
Depute a executionDepute a execution
ContingencyContingencyagendaagenda
Deliberation &Deliberation &DecisionDecision
Which fields?Which fields?
New growth-engine fieldsNew growth-engine fields Interdisciplinary studiesInterdisciplinary studies
• NBIC(Nano Bio Info Cogno) technology
• Disruptive technology
• Breakthrough technology
• Energy science
• Bio-pharmaceutics
• Embedded software
• Cognitive/brain science
• Financial mathematics
• Financial engineering
• Digital storytelling
• Human resource and organizational
development
• Space national defense science
• Business management
(personnel/organizational management)
+ Industrial workforce/adult studies
• Design/arts + Engineering
• Mathematics + Computing + Business
management
• Biology/physics + Philosophy
• Humanities + Natural science
• Social science + Natural science
Actual outputsActual outputs
Total Expense : USD 4,115MillionTotal Expense : USD 4,115Million
Total Projects : 78,882Total Projects : 78,882
Increasing rate : 16.5%(2008)Increasing rate : 16.5%(2008)
Expense per professor : USD60,000Expense per professor : USD60,000
Total rate of national investment : 23.1%Total rate of national investment : 23.1%
Actual outputsActual outputs
Research expense(USD, million) Research project
Research expense Research project
University research projects and expense-scale trend
2,375 2,512
3,2853,534
4,117
5,000
4,500
4,000
3,500
3,000
2,500
2,000
1,500
1,000
500
Actual outputsActual outputs
Research expense
The scale of research projects and expense by discipline(2009)
Humanities SocialScience
NaturalScience
Engineering MedicalScience
AgricultureFisheries
Oceanography
Art,Physical
MultiScience
Research project
Research project
2,000
1,800
1,600
1,400
1,200
1,000
800
600
400
200
Research expense(USD, million)
143304
792
1,895
660
214
73 32
Strengthening Educational Competencies for UndergraduateStrengthening Educational Competencies for Undergraduate
Objectives
To enhance total quality of Korean university education through:
Facilitating free competition among universities -Performance based financial support
To establish advanced undergraduate education model through:
Developing diverse and competitive curriculum
- Advancing educational support system including academic organization, faculty
achievement evaluation process, quality management system-Continuing governmental support based on selection and concentration principle
Changing times and social demands excellent human resource
VISION
Improve the quility of university education competencies- Reorganization of Curriculm- Improve the teaching competency and learning ability- Expand educational Infrastructure etc.
GOAL
Vision, goals, and strategy
Strengthening Educational Competencies for UndergraduateStrengthening Educational Competencies for Undergraduate
Vision, goals, and strategy
Select and Concentrate on Excellent Universities & Expand Leading Model
Strategy
Educational Competency Enhancement Leading Model Establishment
Expand Leading Model
Establish Advancing Foundation
Support for Competency 1. Improvement of educational environment
and facilitation of competition2. Diverse and creative improvement
of educational competency
Support for Leading University1. Development and expansion of
leading undergraduate education model2. Total advancement of undergraduate
education
Strengthening Educational Competencies for UndergraduateStrengthening Educational Competencies for Undergraduate
Process
2008 • Expand $ 1 billion Budget expansion for higher education • Introduce to formula funding method for financial support• Establish of basic plan for educational competency enhancement • select the leading universities (64 universities, $ 50 million)
• Confirm and announce basic plan • Select the leading universities (88 universities, $200 million)
• Confirm and announce revised basic plan (undergraduate education
advancement plan included)• Select the leading university (99 universities, $260 million)
2009
2010
2011 • Select the leading university (89 universities, $280 million)
Strengthening Educational Competencies for UndergraduateStrengthening Educational Competencies for Undergraduate
ProcedureDept. of MESTDept. of MEST
NRFNRF
University University presidentpresident
management committee
KCUEInformation
posting center
Management/ review/
consultation
Formula and indicator
Confirm and announce working plan
Organization and management of management committee
University selection and budget confirmation
Work management and performance evaluation
Working committee organization/management
Work implementation and management, evalouation
consulting
Selection& evaluation committee
Evaluation report Report
consultation
Trust
Business plan/ achievement
report
Budget execution/management
Result report
Strengthening Educational Competencies for UndergraduateStrengthening Educational Competencies for Undergraduate
Strengthening undergraduate educational competencies
Supporting leading universities for advancing undergraduate education
subject Korean regular 4-year Universities (National, Public, and Private) except for distance universities, and postgraduate universities)
±80 Universities ±9 Universities
budget $ 230 million per 1 year (capital $ 65 million, provincial $ 165 million
$ 50 million per 1 year (capital $ 15 million, provincial $ 35 million)
duration multiyear, if qualified 2011~2015 (2year + 2year, if qualified)
Plan for 2011
Strengthening Educational Competencies for UndergraduateStrengthening Educational Competencies for Undergraduate
Introduction of KOSAFIntroduction of KOSAFwww.kosaf.go.kr/eng/index.jsp
• The “Advances of the National Scholarship Project” has been designated as one of the government
issues in the wake of the establishment of the KOSAF.
We are determined to prevent anyone in Korea From Giving up on learning due to financial
hardship(quoted from the President’s 2009 New Year’s speech)• Greater need to increase the student loans it offers to low-income families, and to lower the interest
rates of such loans, to help the students and their parents overcome their financial crisis.
• We efficiently operate the national scholarship funds by building a customized student scholarship
system so that all the Koreans would gain access to higher education regardless of their financial
situation, which will ultimately empower them to contribute much to the development of their
country.• We specialize in offering student loans for college education.
• Basic principles of the customized national scholarship system(08.5)• The Korea Student Aid Foundation Establishment Act(09.2)
Backgrounds
Objectives
Grounds
Brief historyBrief history
2008 Feb
May
Dec
The customized national scholarship system was selected as administrative Strategy
The Basic Principles of the Customized national scholarship system were established
The Korea student Aid Foundation Establishment Act draft was finalized.
2009 Jan
Feb
Jun
Jul
Nov
The Korea Student Aid Foundation Establishment Act was passed by the National
Assembly.
The Act was enacted, and the KOSAF Preparations Committee was organized.
Korea Student Aid Foundation’bond received the credit rating of AAA(Korea ratings)
Direct loan plan for student loans
Announced the implementation of the Income Contingent Loan Scheme
2010 Jan
Feb
Designated as the semi-government institute for consignment execution.
Began executing the Income Contingent Loan Scheme
The National Assembly passed the Income Contingent Loan Scheme Special Act
and the amendments on the Korea Student Aid Foundation Act.
President Lee Myung-Bak paid a visit to KOSAF to offer encouragement.
Vision & MissionVision & Mission
Loan operation guidelineLoan operation guidelineType Income Contingent Loan-Scheme Student Loan with Amortization
RepaymentAmortize the principals only when the income which gratifies a certain standard accrues after graduation
Amortize the principals according to the prescribed grace / amortization period
Credit Standard NoneUndergraduate (graduate) students with minimum credit levels
Tuition FeeSupport Ceiling
Entire amount of the actual tuition fees Up to KRW40, 60, and 80 million by school system
Requirements
• Undergraduate students at the age of 35 and younger in the 1st to 7th household income quartile
• Academic scores should be higher than 80 for the previous semester and over 12 credits should be completed.
• Undergraduate students at the age of 55 and younger in the 8th to 10th household income quartile
• Academic scores should be higher than 80 for the previous semester and over 12 credits should be completed. (The student loan with amortization is available for the entrants before the 1st semester of 2010 even if their household income falls in the 1st to 7th quartile.)
• Also available to graduate students
Waiver of Obligation
In case there is no other income than the national pension given for those at the age of 65 and older, or the income recognition amount is lower than what is designated by president
None