Gw·‡qj/wg·W†d¬vcv¤ú(†mev`vbKvix‡`i) GK w`‡bicÖwkÿY · Cereal Systems Initiative...

Cereal Systems Initiative for South Asia

Funded by Partners

‡mkb 1 - cÖwkÿY cwiwPwZ, cÖwkÿ‡Yi welqvejx Ges cÖvKg~j¨vqb

Gw·‡qj/wg·W †d¬v cv¤ú (†mev`vbKvix‡`i ) GK w`‡bi cÖwkÿY

Session 2

GB cÖwkÿY †_‡K Avcbviv wK wkL‡Z Pvb ?

• `‡ji m`m¨iv wb‡Ri g‡a¨ Av‡jvPbvi

gva¨‡g wVK Ki‡eb| Avcbviv

AvR‡Ki cÖwkÿY n‡Z wK wkL‡Z Pvb ?

• `j †_‡K GKRb wbe©vPb Kiæb,

†h `‡ji c‡ÿ K_v ej‡eb|

• †bvU wb‡eb|


Session 2

1. cwiwPwZ ce© cÖwkÿ‡Yi D‡Ïk¨vejx Ges cÖvK-g~j¨vqb

2. Gw·‡qj †d¬v cv¤ú Ges wg·W †d¬v cv¤ú cwiwPwZ, Ges KvR

3. Gw·‡qj †d¬v cv¤ú Ges wg·W †d¬v cv¤ú Gi KvR Ges wewfbœ

As‡ki cwiwPwZ

4. wbivc` I Kvh©Kixfv‡e Gw·‡qj †d¬v cv¤ú Ges wg·W †d¬v cv¤ú

’vcb I Pvjv‡bv|

AvR‡Ki cÖwkÿ‡Yi Av‡jvP¨ welq


Session 2

AvR‡Ki cÖwkÿ‡Yi Av‡jvP¨ welq

5. mgm¨v †gvKvwejv I iÿYv‡eÿY

6. Gw·‡qj †d¬v cv¤ú Ges wg·W †d¬v cv¤ú e¨emv ïiæ Kib|

7. cÖwkÿ‡Yi g~jevZ©v ¸‡jv chv©‡jvPbv Kiv, cÖwkÿY cieZ©x g~j¨vqY

Ges cÖwkÿ‡Yi mgvwß †Nvlbv|


Session 2

cÖwkÿYwU wK ai‡Yi n‡e ?

cÖwkÿYwU n‡e AskMÖnYg~jK :

• cÖwkÿYv_©x‡ì K_v ejv I cÖkœ Kivi Rb¨ DrmvwnZ Kiv n‡e |

• cÖwkÿYv_©xiv AwfÁZv AR©‡bi gva¨‡g wkL‡eb - A_©vr Gw·‡qj †d¬v

cv¤ú Ges wg·W †d¬v cv¤ú (‡mP cv¤ú Pvjv‡bv) †gwkb wKfv‡e

Pvjv‡Z n‡e |

• `‡ji m`mïv wb‡R‡ì g‡a¨ Av‡jvPbvi gva¨‡g wkL‡eb | G‡Z K‡i

mevB wkL‡Z cvi‡e |


• d¨vwmwj‡UUi †Kvb cÖkœ Ki‡j cÖwkÿYv_©xiv Zvi DËi †`‡eb Ges

Gfv‡e Avgiv G‡K A‡b¨i KvQ †_‡K wkL‡Z cvie|

• †Kvb wel‡q cÖkœ Ki‡Z ev †Kvb wel‡q Avcbvi gZvgZ _vK‡j Zv

Rvbv‡Z we› ygvÎ ms‡KvP †eva Ki‡eb bv !


Session 2

• wKfv‡e cv¤ú ’vcb Ges

cwiPvjvbv Ki‡Z nq Zv

wkL‡Z mgq ‡c‡q‡Qb wKbv

Zv wbwðZ nDb|

• cÖwkÿYwU Dc‡fvM Kiæb!

cÖwkÿYwU Dc‡fvM Kiæb



Funded by Partners

‡mkb 2 - Gw·‡qj †d¬v cv¤ú Ges wg·W †d¬v cv¤ú cwiwPwZ


Session 2

Gw·‡qj †d¬v cv¤ú Ges wg·W †d¬v cv¤ú wK ?

• Gw·‡qj †d¬v cv¤ú Ges wg·W †d¬v cv¤ú PvwjZ (AFP/MFP) nq :

(1) GKwU k¨vd&U m¤wjZ j¤Ÿv GgGm cvBc, Ges

(2) GKwU B‡¤újvi (GwU †bŠKvi cÖ‡cjv‡ii gZ wecixZ fv‡e

PvwjZ-hv wW‡Rj BwÄb ev we`¨yr PvwjZ †gvUi †_‡K AvnwiZ

kw³i gva¨‡g cvwb D‡Ëvjb K‡i)|


Session 2

• wg·W †d¬v cv¤ú B‡¤újvi cvB‡ci †P‡q A‡bK eo AvKv‡ii nq hv

cvwb D‡Ëvj‡b AwZwi³ kw³ †hvMvq|

• 1960 Gi `k‡K wf‡qZbvg I _vBj¨v‡Û GwUi Dbœqb KvR K‡g©i

n`xm cvIqv hvq| eZ©gv‡b GwU `wÿY-c~e© Gwkqvi me©Î e¨eüZ

n‡”Q|


Session 2

• Dfq cv¤úB ÒcÖ‡cjvi cv¤úÓ wn‡m‡eI me©vwaK cwiwPZ KviY Gi

ÒB‡¤újviÓ †bŠKvi cÖ‡cjv‡ii gZ KvR K‡i|

• Gw·‡qj †d¬v cv¤ú Pvjbvi Rb¨ Gi wbR¯ †Kvb kw³i Drm ‡bB,ZvB

GUv Pvjv‡bvi Rb¨ 12 ev 16 nm© cvIqvi wewkó 2-PvKvi cvIqvi wUjvi

ev wW‡Rj BwÄb kw³i Drm wn‡m‡e cÖ‡qvRb|

• GGdwc w`‡q dm‡j †mP w`‡j cv‡¤úi gvwjK Ges K…lK Df‡qB jvfevb

n‡eb!


Session 2

Gw·‡qj/wg·W †d¬v cv¤ú I †mw›UªwdDMvj cv‡¤úi cv_©K¨


‰ewkó¨ Gw·‡qj/wg·W †d¬v cv¤ú

†mw›UªwdDMvj cv¤ú

mvg_© D”P

Kg

Nl©YRwbZ ÿwZ Kg

‡ewk

cwiPvjbv e¨q Kg

‡ewk

kw³ †cÖiY `ÿZv D”P

`ÿZv Kg

Pvjy Kivi mgq Kg

‡ewk

R¡vjvbx LiP Kg

‡ewk

cvwb D‡Ëvjb D”PZv 3 wgUvi, (R¡vjvbx `ÿZv mn)

3 wgUvii Dc‡i, (wKš ‘ R¡vjvbx `ÿZv Kg < 3 wg)

Session 2

Avgvi cÖwZ‡ekx GZ djb †cj wKfv‡e?

Gw·‡qj/wg·W †d¬v cv¤ú mgq gZ ch©vß cvwb †mP

w`‡q‡Q ZvB!


Session 2

0

100

200

300

1 m 2 m 3 m

CentrifugalAFP / MFP

Water pumping height

Wat

erde

liver

y(m

3 /ho

ur)

0

1

2

3

1 m 2 m 3 m


Water pumping heightFu

el u

se

(Litr

e/ho

ur)

Gw·‡qj/wg·W †d¬v cv‡¤úi myweav


Gw·‡qj/wg·W †d¬v cv‡¤úi myweav

0

50

100

150

1 m 2 m 3 m


Water pumping height

Hour

s to

irrig

ate

1 ha

of b

oro

rice

0

50

100

150

1 m 2 m 3 m

Centrifugal

AFP / MFP

Water pumping heightW

ater

del

iver

ed (m

3 )

per l

itre

of fu

el u

sed


Session 2

cixÿv †_‡K †`Lv †M‡Q,

• D‡Ëvjb D”PZv 1 wgUvi (3.28 dzU) n‡j Gw·‡qj cv‡¤úi R¡vjvbx `ÿZv

(wjUvi cÖwZ cvwb D‡Ëvjb) †mw›UªwdDMvj cv‡¤úi †P‡q 51% †ewk

• wjdU 2 wgUvi (6.56 dzU) n‡j 21% †ewk

• Avi wjdU 3 wgUvi (9.80 dzU) n‡j cvwb †ewk DV‡e wKš‘ R¡vjvbx †ewk

jvM‡e|


Z‡e wg·W †d¬v cv‡¤úi R¡vjvbx `ÿZv AviI

†ewk D‡Ëvjb D”PZvq Kvh©Ki _v‡K|

GUv GLbI cixÿvaxb Av‡Q, Z‡e Avkv Kiv

hvq A ~i fwel¨‡Z AwaK R¡vjvbx `ÿZv

mgw¤^Z wg·W †d¬v cv¤ú cvIqv hv‡e|



Funded by Partners

†mkb 2 - Gw·‡qj †d¬v cv‡¤úi wewfbœ Ask I Zv‡`i KvR


Gw·‡qj †d¬v cv‡¤úi wewfbœ Ask I Zv‡`i KvR

12 3 4

5 6 7

8 9

1. cvBc/KbWzBU

2. weqvwis nvDR

gvD›U

3. weqvwis nvDR

4. WªvBwfs k¨vd&U

5. _ªv÷ weqvwis

6. ej weqvwis

7. ej weqvwis

8. k¨vd&U Kjvi

9. gvD‡›UW weqvwis


1011

1213

14 10. Bb‡jU ¯Œxb

11. B‡¤újvi

12. Eywks

13. ‡÷Ui

14. mvKkb †ej


hLb cyKzi, Lvj ev b`x ‡_‡K cv¤ú cvwb

DVvq evB‡ii gqjv Ave©Rbv cv‡¤úi wfZ‡i

XzK‡Z euvav †`q |

Bb‡jU ¯Œxbt


B‡¤újvi

cvB‡ci wfZi w`‡q cvwb Dc‡ii w`‡K

cv¤ú/cyk K‡i


‡÷Ui

cvwbi †d¬v-‡K †mvRv K‡i Ges Uviey‡jÝ

(NyY©b) Kg K‡i


k¨vd&U

weqvwis nvDR

WªvBwfs k¨vd&U B‡¤újvi‡K Pvjvq

weqvwis nvDR weqvwis¸‡jv‡K aviY K‡i


cv&Bc/KbWzBU

B‡¤újvi KZ©„K cv¤úK…Z cvwb †Wwjfvix bv

nIqv ch©šÍ a‡i iv‡L|

‡bvU : GwU GGdwc (GgGcwc bv) Kvib Gi

cv¤ú Gi ‡k‡l ‡ej (bell) bvB (‡hLvb w`‡q

cv¤ú cvwb DVvq)|

cv&Bc


GUv weqvwis‡qi gZB KvR K‡i I AvKvi a‡i

iv‡L

eywks


GUv WªvBwfs k¨vd&U‡K Pvjvq

cyjx

cyjx


wWwdDRvi †fb

cvwbi cÖevn-‡K †mvRv iv‡L

wWwdDRvi †fb


g~jevZ©v

• Gw·‡qj Ges wg·W& †d¬v cv¤ú †gvUvgywU GKB ai‡Yi

• Gw·‡qj †d¬v cv‡¤úi B‡¤újvi †QvU Ges KbWzBU cvB‡ci g‡a¨ wdU Kiv

hvq|

• wg·W ‡d¬v cv‡¤úi B‡¤újvi eo Ges KbWyBU cvB‡ci †P‡q PIov, GUv

Gw·‡qj cv‡¤úi †P‡q †ewk cvwb D‡Ëvjb K‡i|


cv‡¤úi wewfbœ Ask KvR

Bb‡jU ¯Œxb

evB‡ii gqjv Ave©Rbv cv‡¤úi wfZ‡i XzK‡Z euvav †`q

B‡¤újvi

cvB‡ci wfZi w`‡q cvwb Dc‡ii w`‡K cv¤ú/cyk K‡i

WªvBwfs k¨vd&U

B‡¤újvi‡K Pvjvq

KbWzBU

B‡¤újvi KZ©„K cv¤úK…Z cvwb †Wwjfvix bv nIqv ch©š Í a‡i iv‡L

weqvwis nvDwRs

weqvwis¸‡jv‡K aviY K‡i

eywks

GUv weqvwis‡qi gZB KvR K‡i I AvKvi a‡i iv‡L

cyjx

GUv WªvBwfs k¨vd&U‡K Pvjvq (BwÄb †_‡K kw³ msMÖn K‡i)

wWwdDRvi †fbt

cvwbi cÖevn-‡K †mvRv iv‡L

Dfq ai‡Yi cv‡¤úi cÖavb Ask¸‡jv n‡jv



Funded by Partners

‡mkb 4 - Gw·‡qj/wg·W †d¬v cv¤ú ¯’vcb Ges wbivc` I Kvh©Ki e¨envi


‡mkb 4 - Gw·‡qj/wg·W †d¬v cv¤ú wbivc` I Kvh©Ki e¨envi

Gw·‡qj ev wg·W †d¬v cv¤ú ’vc‡bi ’vb wbe©vP‡bi Rb¨ wb¤œewY©Z

welq¸‡jv we‡ePbv Ki‡Z n‡et

Gw·‡qj/wg·W †d¬v cv¤ú ¯’vc‡bi Rb¨ ¯’vb wbe©vPb

1. cvwbi ¸bMZgvb

‡h cyKzi/Lvj/b`x †_‡K †mP †`Iqv n‡e Zvi cvwb hZUv m¤¢e cwi®‹vi

n‡Z n‡e| cwi®‹vi cvwb cv‡¤úi RxebKvj evwo‡q †`q|


2. D‡Ëvjb D”PZv

Ggb ’v‡b cv¤ú ’vcb Ki‡Z n‡e †hb cvwb D‡Ëvj‡bi D”PZv 3 wgUv‡ii

Kg nq, G‡Z R¡vjvbx `ÿZv ev‡o| D”PZv †ewk n‡j R¡vjvbxi AcPq n‡e,

hw`I †mw›UªwdDMvj cv‡¤úi Zzjbvq †ewk cvwb D‡Ëvjb Ki‡e|


3. BwÄb ev 2-PvKv wewkó cvIqvi wUjvi ivLvi Rb¨ cv‡k h‡_ó cwigvY

wbivc` ’vb _vKv cÖ‡qvRb

• BwÄb emv‡bvi RvqMvwU mgZj I ’vqx n‡Z n‡e|

• ‡eë wVKgZ jvMv‡bvi Rb¨ GGdwc †_‡K BwÄb h‡_ó ~i‡Z¡ emv‡Z

n‡e|


4. cvwbi h_vhZ MwfiZv

• ‡m‡Pi Rb¨ cyKzi/Lvj/b`x‡Z h‡_ó cwigvY cvwb we`¨gvb _vK‡Z

n‡e|

• wKQ zDcKyjxq GjvKv ‡hLv‡b Lv‡j cwi®‹vi cvwb ‡ewk ‡Rvqv‡ii

mgq cvwb cv¤ú/D‡Ëvjb K‡ib

• cyKz‡i ev Lv‡j h‡_ó cvwb _vK‡Z n‡e †hb GGdwc PjvKvjxb cvwb

ïwK‡q bv hvq| (Gw·‡qj †d¬v cv¤ú w`‡q hLb cyKzi, Lvj ev b`x

‡_‡K cv¤ú cvwb D‡Ëvjb K‡i ‡Lqvj ivL‡Z n‡e ‡hb B‡¤újv‡ii

cÖvšÍ cvwbi Zj‡`k †_‡K Kgc‡ÿ 0.60 wgUvi Dc‡i _v‡K )


5. ‡h Rwg‡Z cvwb ‡mP †Ìqv n‡e cv¤ú †_‡K Zvi ~iZ¡ hZUv m¤¢e

Kv‡Q n‡Z n‡e|

bgbxq †nvR cvBc eënvi K‡i ~‡ii Rwg‡ZI †mP †Ìqv hvq|


cv¤ú Ggbfv‡e ’vcb Ki‡Z n‡e

†hb AvDU‡jUwU gvwUi mgvšÍiv‡j

_v‡K| cv¤úwU Ggbfv‡e ’vcb

Ki‡Z n‡e †hb B‡¤újviwU cvwbi

DcwiZj †_‡K 1 dzU bx‡P Ges

cyKzi, Lvj ev b`xi Zj‡`k †_‡K

2 dzU Dc‡i _v‡K|

Gw·‡qj †d¬v cv¤ú ¯’vcb

cvwbi DcwiZj †_‡K 0.3

wgUvi (1 dzU) wb‡P

Zj‡`k †_‡K Kgc‡ÿ 0.6

wgUvi (2 dzU) Dc‡i ’vcb

Ki‡Z n‡e


• GGdwc/GgGdwc GKwU wec`RbK ‡gwkb! ZvB †gwkbwU e¨env‡ii

mgq GUv †_‡K wbivc†` _vKv AwZ Riæix|

• cv¤ú Pvjv‡bvi mgq UvBU Kvco co‡Z n‡e - KviY wXjv Kvco

†gwk‡bi NyišÍ As‡ki mv‡_ Rwo‡q gvivZ¥K RLg GgbwK g„Z¨yI

NUv‡Z cv‡i|

GGdwc/GgGdwc wbivc‡` Pvjv‡bv


wXjv Kvco c‡o K…wl hš ¿cvwZ Pvjv‡eb bv| RyZv

Qvov I †gwk‡bi KvR Ki‡eb bv|

wec`RbKfv‡e cv¤ú Pvjv‡bv wbivc‡` cv¤ú Pvjv‡bv


bv!nu¨v!

GGdwc ev GgGdwc Pvjv‡bvi

mgq KLbB ‡QvU †Q‡j-

‡g‡q‡ì Av‡k-cv‡k †Ljv

Ki‡Z †Ìqv hv‡e bv, KviY †h

†Kvb mgq Zviv AvNvZcÖvß n‡Z

cv‡i|

bv!

‡Q‡j-‡g‡q‡ì Av‡k-cv‡k GGdwc/GgGdwc Pvjv‡eb

bv: KviY †h †Kvb mgq Zviv AvNvZcÖvß n‡Z cv‡i|


• bvU-eëz, K¬¨v¤ú, BZ¨vw` UvBU K‡i jvMv‡bv n‡q‡Q wKbv Zv †`L‡Z

n‡e

• cv‡¤úi ewW‡Z †Kv_vI wQ ª Av‡Q wKbv fvjfv‡e Zv †`L‡Z n‡e

• weqvwis I eywks-G wVKgZ MÖxR jvMv‡bv n‡q‡Q wKbv Zv †`L‡Z n‡e

• cv‡¤úi QvKwb‡Z AveR©©bv _vK‡j Zv cwi®‹vi Ki‡Z n‡e

Gw·‡qj †d¬v cv¤ú wbivc‡` Pvjv‡bvi Rb¨ KiYxq


• ‡Zj I R¡vjvbx h‡_ó cwigvY Av‡Q wKbv †`L‡Z n‡e|

• ‡e‡ë ‡Kvb †Qov/duvUv Av‡Q wKbv Zv †`L‡Z n‡e |

• cyjx UvBU Av‡Q wKbv †`L‡Z n‡e|

• ‡eë mwVKfv‡e jvMv‡Z n‡e|

• ‡gUv‡j ˆZix cv¤ú jebv³ cvwb‡Z ¶wZMª Í I b®U n‡q hvq|

fwel¨‡Z jebv³ cvwbi Dc‡hvMx cv¤ú cvIqv hv‡e |

• cv¤úwU e¨env‡ii mgq Dfq †eë (belt) mwVK fv‡e mshz³ Kiv

n‡q‡Q wKbv Zv wbwðZ nDb |


• wbwðZ n‡Z n‡e †h cv¤úwU cyKzi, Lvj ev b`xi Zj‡`k ¯úk© K‡iwb

ev cvwbi Dc‡i D‡V Av‡mwb

• wbwðZ n‡Z n‡e †h cv¤ú I BwÄb ywUB gvwUi mv‡_ gReyZfv‡e

jvMv‡bv n‡q‡Q Ges Pvjv‡bvi mgq †m¸‡jv bovPov Ki‡e bv

• mwVK Avi. wc. Gg. wba©viY Ki‡Z n‡e, Ges

• ‡nvR cvBc h_vh_fv‡e jvMv‡bv n‡q‡Q wKbv Zv †`L‡Z n‡e|


eZ©gv‡b GwU evsjv‡`k mn `wÿY-c~e© Gwkqvq †h mg Í Gw·‡qj †d¬v cv¤ú

cvIqv hvq Zv ïaygvÎ Ajebv³ cvwb‡Z e¨env‡ii Dc‡hvMx| jeYv³

cvwb‡Z e¨envi Ki‡j cv¤ú ªæZ ÿqcÖvß n‡e ev bó n‡q hv‡e|

g~jevZ©v


• ‡gUv‡j ˆZix GGdwc/GgGcwc jebv³ cvwb‡Z ¶wZMª Í I b®U

n‡q hvq | fwel¨‡Z jebv³ cvwbi Dc‡hvMx cv¤ú cvIqv hv‡e

• ‡m‡Pi Rb¨ wbe©vwPZ cvwbi Drm (cyKzi/Lvj/b`x) †_‡K cvwb

D‡Ëvj‡bi D”PZv (wjdU) 3 wgUv‡ii †ewk bv nIqv evÃbxq


• evsjv‡`k K…wl M‡elbv Bbt G cixÿv †_‡K †`Lv †M‡Q, cvwb D‡Ëvjb

D”PZv 1 wgUvi (3.28 dzU) n‡j Gw·‡qj cv¤ú †mw›UªwdDMvj cv‡¤úi

†P‡q 51% †ewk cvwb D‡Ëvjb K‡i, D‡Ëvjb D”PZv 2 wgUvi (6.56

dzU) n‡j Gw·‡qj cv¤ú †mw›UªwdDMvj cv‡¤úi †P‡q 21% †ewk cvwb

D‡Ëvjb K‡i, Avi D‡Ëvjb D”PZv 3 wgUvi (9.80 dzU) n‡j cvwb

†ewk DV‡e wKš‘ R¡vjvbx †ewk jvM‡e


• cyKzi/Lvj/b`x‡Z cv¤ú k³fv‡e ’vc‡bi Rb¨ euv‡ki LuywU e¨envi

Ki‡Z n‡e | cv¤úwU Ggbfv‡e ’vcb Ki‡Z n‡e †hb B‡¤újviwU

cyKzi, Lvj ev b`xi Zj‡`‡k ‡j‡M bv _v‡K


• cv‡¤úi B‡¤újv‡ii cÖvšÍ cvwbi Zj‡`k †_‡K Kgc‡ÿ 0.60 wgUvi

(2 dzU) Dc‡i Ges cvwbi DcwiZj †_‡K Kgc‡ÿ 0.30 wgUvi (1

dzU) wb‡P ’vcb Ki‡Z n‡e


• cyjx I BwÄb GKB †iLv eivei ’vcb Ki‡Z n‡e

• cv¤ú Pvjv‡bvi mgq UvBU Kvco co‡Z n‡e - KviY wXjv Kvco

†gwk‡bi NyišÍ As‡ki mv‡_ Rwo‡q gvivZ¥K RLg GgbwK g„Z¨yI

NU‡Z cv†i


• cv‡¤úi ¸iæZ¡c~Y© hš¿vsk †hgb, bvU-‡evë, K¬¨v¤ú, cv‡¤úi ewW‡Z

wQ ª, MÖxwRs c‡q›U (weqvwis, eywks), †eë ‡Qov-duvUv, BwÄ‡bi †Zj-

R¦vjvbx, eywks-Gi UvBU‡bm, BZ¨vw` wVK Av‡Q wKbv †PK Ki‡Z n‡e|

• cv‡¤úi NyY©vqgvb Ask ‡hgb, BwÄb, B‡¤újvi, †eë, cyjx †_‡K nvZ

~‡i ivL‡Z n‡e|

• cv¤ú PjvKvjxb ‡QvU e”Pv‡`i cv¤ú †_‡K ~‡i ivL‡Z n‡e|



Funded by Partners

‡mkb 4 - mgm¨v ‡gvKv‡ejv I iÿYv‡eÿb


mgm¨v 1t ‡mP h‡š ¿i k¨vd&U ‡eu‡K/†f‡½ hvIqv

jÿY:

A¯vfvweK kã n‡e, cvwb DV‡e

bv |


mgm¨vi KviYt

1) AwZwi³ MwZ‡Z ‡mPhš¿ Pvjv‡bv

2) †ewk D”PZvq cvwb D‡Ëvjb

3) k¨vd&U Uvj _vKv

cwiYwZt

euvKv n‡j weqvwis/eyk ÿ‡q hv‡e, ‡f‡½ †M‡j ‡mPhš¿ A‡K‡Rv n‡q hv‡e|


mgvavbt

• k¨vd&U Uvj _vK‡j Ly‡j †mvRv K‡i

wb‡Z n‡e

• k¨vd&U ‡f‡½ †M‡j SvjvB w`‡q wVK

K‡i wb‡Z n‡e

• ‡givgZ bv Kiv †M‡j bZzb jvMv‡Z

n‡e

LyPiv hš¿vsk µq/‰Zwi Kivt

‡mPh‡š¿i wWjvi-Gi KvQ †_‡K

bZzb wKb‡Z n‡e ev bZzb cvBc

wK‡b ˆZwi K‡i wb‡Z n‡e


cÖ‡qvRbxq LyPiv hš¿vskt k¨vd&U

‡givg‡Zi Rb¨ cÖ‡qRbxq hš¿cvwZt

Wvj †iÂ, A¨vWRv‡÷ej †iÂ, ¯Œz-WªvBfvi, nvZzwo, cyjvi |


mgm¨v 2t ÎæwUhy³ A‡qjmx‡ji Kvi‡Y cvwb PzuB‡q cov

jÿYt

A‡qjmx‡ji †Mvov w`‡q cvwb

PuyB‡q co‡e |

weqvwis

weqvwis mv‡cvU


KviYt

(1) A‡qj mxj wQuov ev wXjv

(2) bvU-eëz wXjv nIqv

(3) ‡mPh‡š¿i k¨vd&U Uvj/euvKv nIqv

cwiYwZt

1) weqvwis-G cvwb Xz‡K weqvwis bó

n‡q hv‡e

2) cvwb Kg DV‡e ev h‡š¿i `ÿZv

K‡g hv‡e

3) R¡vjvbx LiP †e‡o hv‡e |


mgvavbt

(1)k¨vd&U Uvj/euvKv _vK‡j †mvRv

K‡i wb‡Z n‡e

(2)A‡qj mxj e`jv‡Z n‡e, bvU-

eëz wXjv _vK‡j UvBU Ki‡Z n‡e

(3)weqvwis mv‡cvU© bv _vK‡j w`‡q

wb‡Z n‡e

(4)weqvwis bó n‡j e`jv‡Z n‡e

cÖ‡qvRbxq LyPiv hš¿vskt

A‡qjmxj, weqvwis


†mPhš¿ ev BwÄ‡bi hš¿vsk wewµ

K‡i Ggb †`vKv‡b cvIqv hv‡e

‡givg‡Zi cÖ‡qvRbxq hš¿cvwZt

Wvj †iÂ, A¨vWRv‡÷ej †iÂ, ¯Œz-

WªvBfvi


mgm¨v 3t kw³ mÂvjK V-‡eë wQu‡o ev ‡du‡U hvIqv

jÿYt

‡e‡ë †Quov ev duvUv †`Lv hvq|


mgm¨vi KviYt

(1)BwÄb I ‡mPh‡š¿icyjx GK †iLv eivei bv _vK‡j

(2)AwZwi³ MwZ‡Z †mPhš¿ Pvjv‡j

(3)BwÄb I †mPh‡š¿i cyjx Lye KvQvKvwQ _vK‡j

(4)cyjx Agm„Y n‡j

(5)cyivZb ‡eë


cwiYwZt

(1) ‡eë wcQ‡j hv‡e

(2) cvwb Kg DV‡e

(3) ‡mP/R¦vjvbx LiP †e‡o

hv‡e

(1) BwÄb KvR Ki‡ebv

mgvavbt

(1) cyjx h_vh_fv‡e (GKB jvB‡b) emv‡Z

n‡e|

(2) bZzb †eë (cy‡iv ‡mU) jvMv‡Z n‡e

(3) cvwbi Íi Lye †ewk wb‡P _vK‡j eo †eë

(120 BwÂ) jvMv‡Z n‡e|

(4) cyjx Agm„Y _vK‡j dvBj ev wmwik KvMR

w`‡q N‡l gm„Y K‡i wb‡Z n‡e|



wf-‡eë

LyPiv hš¿vsk µq/ˆZwit

†mPhš¿ ev BwÄ‡bi hš¿vsk wewµ K‡i Ggb †`vKv‡b cvIqv

hv‡e|

‡givg‡Zi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq ªe¨vw`t

dvBj/wmwik KvMR


mgm¨v 4t ‡mP h‡š ¿i B‡¤újvi †f‡½ hvIqv

jÿYt

cvwb Kg DV‡e, ‡mPhš¿ A¯vfvweKfv‡e

Kuvc‡e |


mgm¨vi KviYt

cvwbi mv‡_ k³ wRwbm (BU, KvV BZ¨vw`) †mPh‡š¿i g‡a¨ Xz‡K ci‡j

cwiYwZt

1) ‡eøW AvswkK fv½‡j cvwb Kg DV‡e,

2) ‡eøW cy‡iv fv½‡j ‡Kvb cvwb DV‡e bv


mgvavbt

1) ‡givgZ K‡i wb‡Z n‡e, A_ev

2) bZzb jvMv‡Z n‡e


B‡¤újvi



wWjvi-Gi KvQ †_‡K bZzb wKb‡Z n‡e A_ev ’vbxq IqvK©kc †_‡K

†givgZ ev bZzb ˆZwi K‡i wb‡Z n‡e


Wvj †iÂ, A¨vWRv‡÷ej †iÂ


jÿYt

cyjx ¯úk© Ki‡j †evSv hv‡e |

mgm¨v 5t ‡mPh‡š ¿i cyjx Mig n‡q hvIqv


cyjx

mgm¨vi KviYt

1. wf (V)-‡eë wXjv n‡j

2. cyjx Agm„Y n‡j

cwiYwZt

wf-‡eë wQu‡o hv‡e


wf-‡eë

mgvavbt

cyjxi †Ubkb wVK ivL‡Z n‡e (cyjxi

LuvR gm„Y ivL‡Z n‡e)



dvBj/wmwik KvMR

LyPiv hš¿vsk µq/‰Zwit

†mPhš¿ ev BwÄ‡bi hš¿vsk wewµ K‡i Ggb †h †Kvb †`vKv‡b cvIqv hv‡e


jÿYt

k¨vd&U ev †mPhš¿ Lye †ewk Kuvc‡Z

_vK‡e, k¨vd&U Uvj n‡e

mgm¨v 6t ‡mPh‡š¿ evwj Xz‡K k¨vd&‡Ui eyk bó n‡q hvq


eyk

mgm¨vi KviYt

1) B‡¤újvi cvwbi Zj‡`‡ki KvQvKvwQ (1 dz‡Ui Kg) _vK‡j

2) K ©gv³ cvwb‡Z †mPhš¿ Pvjv‡j

cwiYwZt

k¨vd&U Uvj ev †f‡½ hv‡e


mgvavbt

1) cvwbi Zj‡`k †_‡K AšÍZt 1 dzU Dc‡i B¤újvi ’vcb Ki‡Z n‡e

2) evjy ev Kuv`vhy³ cvwb‡Z †mPhš¿ bv Pvjv‡bv


eyk



wWjvi-Gi KvQ †_‡K bZzb wKb‡Z n‡e A_ev ’vbxq IqvK©kc †_‡K bZzb

ˆZwi K‡i wb‡Z n‡e


Wvj †iÂ, A¨vWRv‡÷ej †iÂ


jÿYt

weiw³Ki kã K‡i

weqvwis(mg~n) AwZwi³ Mig

nq ev †f‡½ hvq |

mgm¨v 7t k¨vd&U weqvwis(mg~n) A‡K‡Rv nIqv


mgvavbt

ÎæwUhy³ weqvwis (mg~n) e`jv‡Z

n‡e

cwiYwZt

1. kw³ K‡g hvIqv

2. cvwb Kg DV‡e

mgm¨vi KviYt

1. k¨vd&U Uvj Av‡Q

2. weqvwis (mg~n) ÿ‡q †M‡Q


weqvwis



wWjvi-Gi KvQ †_‡K bZzb wKb‡Z n‡e A_ev ’vbxq IqvK©kc †_‡K

bZzb ˆZwi K‡i wb‡Z n‡e


Wvj †iÂ, A¨vWRv‡÷ej †iÂ, ¯Œz-WªvBfvi, nvZzwo, cyjvi, †Qwb


jÿYt

BwÄb †_‡K AwZwi³ Kv‡jv †auvqv †ei nq |

mgm¨v 8t AwZwi³ Kv‡jv †auvqv †ei nIqv


mgm¨vi KviYt

1. AwZwi³ MwZ‡Z ‡mPhš¿ Pvjv‡j

2. cv‡¤úi Zzjbvq BwÄb †QvU ev nm© cvIqvi Kg n‡j

3. cvwb D‡Ëvj‡bi D”PZv †ewk nIqv

4. BwÄb ‡ewk czivZb/Ifvi‡jv‡WW nIqv


cwiYwZt

AwZwi³ gvÎvq Kv‡jv †avuqv †ei n‡e, BwÄb ‡W‡gR n‡Z cv‡i

mgvavbt

1. BwÄ‡bi MwZ Kgv‡Z n‡e

2. mwVK BwÄb ev cv¤ú e¨envi Ki‡Z n‡e

3. mwVK MwfiZv ‡_‡K cvwb D‡Ëvjb


cÖwZw`b KiYxqt

Gw·‡qj †d¬v cv‡¤úi iÿYv‡eÿbt

• Pvjv‡bvi Av‡M nvZ w`‡q k¨vd&U Nywi‡q †`L‡Z n‡e weqvwis I eywks

fvjfv‡e KvR Kivi Ae ’vq Av‡Q wK bv

• Bb‡j‡Ui Kfvi Ly‡j wfZ‡i B‡¤újvi cvk Uvb w`‡q I av°v w`‡q

‡`L‡Z n‡e †h k¨vd&U I eywks Gi g‡a¨ AwZwi³ bov-Pov n‡”Q wKbv|


• k¨vd&U I eywks Gi g‡a¨ AwZwi³ bov-Pov n‡j †m¸‡jv e`jv‡Z n‡e

• MÖxR QvovI cvwb B‡¤újvi I †K› ªxq eywks mv‡cvU© wcw”Qj I VvÛv

ivL‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡i| ZvB cvwb Qvov KLbB cv¤ú Pvjv‡bv hv‡e bv

• cv‡¤úi Bb‡j‡Ui Pvwicv‡k gvQ aiv Rvj ev Rvwj w`‡q wN‡i w`‡Z

n‡e †hb fvmgvb AveR©bv Bb‡j‡Ui wfZ‡i XzK‡Z bv cv‡i|


• ¯vfvweK Ae ’vq cv¤ú Pvjv‡bvi c~‡e© mKj MÖxwRs c‡q‡›U MÖxR w`‡Z

n‡e

• B‡¤újvi, gvSLv‡bi k¨vd&U eywks I cyjx weqvwis Gi Dcwiw ’Z MÖxR cU

I MÖxR wbcj fvj Av‡Q wKbv †`L‡Z n‡e KviY cwien‡Yi mgq G¸‡jv

mn‡RB bó nq

• cÖwZw`b ev cÖ‡qvR‡b cÖwZ N›Uvq Bb‡jU ¯Œxb cixÿv I cwi®‹vi Ki‡Z

n‡e


• cv‡¤úi m‡e©v”P `ÿZv wbwðZ Kivi Rb¨ hLbB BwÄb _vgv‡bv n‡e,

¯Œxb I B‡¤újv‡i ‡Kvb ÿZ ev dvUj Av‡Q wKbv cixÿv K‡i †`L‡Z

n‡e|

cv¤ú msiÿ‡Yi Rb¨ KiYxqt

• cv¤ú msiÿ‡Yi mgq gvwUi mv‡_ †j‡M gwiPv bv a‡i †mw`‡K †Lqvj

ivL‡Z n‡e|

• Gi Rb¨ fvj n‡jv cv¤úwU evwoi Qv‡`i Dci ev N‡ii Qv‡`I Avovi

mv‡_ Szwj‡q ivLv


• cv‡¤úi †Lvjv gyL¸‡jv †X‡K ivL‡Z n‡e †hb †Q‡j-‡g‡qiv cv‡¤úi

wfZ‡i ‡Kvb wRwbm-cÎ bv ivL‡Z cv‡i|



Funded by Partners

†mkb 6- Gw·‡qj/wg·W †d¬v cv¤ú e¨emv


AwaKvsk K…lK hviv GGdwc/GgGcwc µq K‡i Zviv Zv w`‡q Ab¨

K…l‡Ki Rwg‡Z ‡mP A_ev czKz‡i gvQ/wPswo Pvl K‡i Zv‡ì czKz‡i cvwb

DVvq

eëmv ej‡Z Avgiv wK eywS ?

A‡_©i wewbg‡q †Kvb wRwbm ˆZwi, µq ev weµq Kiv ev †mev cÖ`vb Kiv‡K

eëmv e‡j|

Ab¨K_vq, GKRb e¨w³ ev GK`j e¨w³ KZ©„K jvf AR©‡bi cvkvcvwk

†fv³vi Pvwn`v c~i‡Yi D‡Ï‡k¨ cwiPvwjZ ‡h †Kvb Kg©KvÛ ev †ckv‡K

eëmv e‡j|


wKQz eëmvi aib t

• g¨vbyd¨vKPvwis

• †UªwWs

• †`vKvb Pvjv‡bv

• Lvgvi eë ’vcbv

• K…lK‡ì‡K K…wl h‡š¿i gva¨‡g †mev cÖ`vb Kiv|


Gw·‡qj/wg·W †d¬v cv¤ú eëmv cwiKíbvi Rb¨ we‡eP¨ cÖkœ mg~n t

• Gw·‡qj/wg·W †d¬v cv¤ú eëmvi evRvi †Kv_vq?

• K…lKiv Gw·‡qj/wg·W †d¬v cv¤ú Gi mvwf©m Gi Rb¨ Kvi Kv‡Q A_©

cÖ`vb Ki‡e ?

• ‡Kvb dmj/D‡`¨vM(enterprise) Gw·‡qj/wg·W †d¬v cv¤ú

eëmvi Rb¨ Dchzzz³


• Avgvi GjvKv‡Z Gw·‡qj/wg·W †d¬v cv¤ú †mevi Pvwn`v KZ ? Ab¨vb¨

GjvKv‡Z KZ?

• Gw·‡qj/wg·W †d¬v cv¤ú †mev cÖ`v‡b Avgvi wK mgv_© Av‡Q ?

• Gw·‡qj/wg·W †d¬v cv¤ú e¨emv Pvjv‡bvi Rb¨ wK wK hš¿cvwZ,miÄvg,

R¦vjvbx Ges LyPiv hš¿vsk cÖ‡qvRb|

• Avgvi g~ja‡bi Drm wK ? - Avwg wKfv‡e Gw·‡qj/wg·W †d¬v cv¤ú

wKb‡Z cvwi ?


• cÖ ÍvweZ Gw·‡qj/wg·W †d¬v cv¤ú e¨emv †_‡K Avwg KZUzKz jvfevb

n‡Z cvwi ?

• Gw·‡qj/wg·W †d¬v cv¤ú Gi gva¨‡g K…lK‡`i gv‡S †mev cÖ`v‡bi Rb¨

wKfv‡e AwaK msL¨K K…lK ev †mev MÖnxZv †c‡Z cvwi|

• GGdwc/GgGcwc ‡mev wK Ab¨vb¨ ‡mevi mv‡_ hz³ Kiv hv‡e,D`vniY:

‡eW cøv›Uvi , wcwUIGm , ¯-PvwjZ - gvwëµc wicvi ‡Kgb wQj ?


Avcwb wK †Kvb †mev`vbKvix‡K wP‡bb

‡h GGdwc/GgGcwc eënvi K‡i ?

Zv‡ì wKQz cÖkœ Kiæb !

• ‡Kb wZwb Gw·‡qj/wg·W †d¬v cv¤ú

eëmv Ki‡Qb ?

GKRb †mev cÖ`bvKvixi AwfÁZv eY©bv


• wKfv‡e wZwb Gw·‡qj/wg·W †d¬v cv¤ú eëmv Ki‡Qb ?

• GB eëmvq LiP I jvf †Kgb?

• ‡Kvb Kg©KvÛ ev †KŠkj GB eëmv‡K jvfRbK K‡i‡Q? KZw`‡b

†eªK-B‡fb (Gw·‡qj/wg·W †d¬v cv¤ú µ‡qi mg cwigvY jvf) AR©b

K‡i‡Qb?


• wK GwU‡K jvfRbK K‡ibv? (‡Kvb Kg©KvÛ ev †KŠkj GB eëmv‡K

jvfRbK K‡i‡Q?)

• GGdwc/GgGcwc eëmv Ki‡Z wK ai‡Yi P¨v‡jÄ †gvKvwejv Ki‡Z

n‡”Q?

• ‡fv³v K…lKiv GGdwc/GgGcwc eëmv ‡_‡K wKfv‡e jvfevb n‡”Qb?


GGdwc/GgGcwc †mev`vbKvix nIqvi Av‡M cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi Rvbv ìKvi

GjGmwc

eëmv ‡Kv_vq ïiæ Ki‡ev?

†mLv‡b AFP/MFP †mevi

Pvwn`v KZUzKz? Avi †Kv_vq

Pvwn`v Av‡Q?

elsewhere?

wK Kg©KvÛ/‡KŠkj Aej¤b

Ki‡j eëmv evov‡bv hv‡e?

‡mevg~j¨ wKfv‡e wba©viY

Ki‡j jvf Kiv hv‡e?

‡gwkb µ‡qi Rb¨

A‡_©i Drm wK?

‡Kv_v †_‡K †gwkb

msMÖn Kiv hv‡et

fvj †mev †Ìqvi Rb¨

wKfv‡e Avwg `ÿZv

evo‡Z cvwi?

wKfv‡e †gwkb †givgZ

Ki‡eb, LyPiv hš¿vsk

†Kv_vq cv‡eb?

wKfv‡e Avwg jvf Ki‡Z cvwi Ges GKB

mv‡_ K…l‡KivI jvfevb n‡Z cv‡i?

wKfv‡e Avwg AFP/MFP †mev MÖn‡Yi Rb¨

K…lK‡ì AvKl©Y Ki‡ev?

Kg g~‡j¨

‡mev cÖ v‡bi

d‡j K…lKiv

jvfevb n‡eb


GGdwc/GgGdwc †mev MÖn‡Y Rb¨ K…lK‡ì AvMÖn ˆZwii Rb¨ GGdwc/

GgGdwc -Gi mwyeav¸‡jv wb‡Ri MÖv‡g I cvk¦ ©eZ©x MÖv‡gi K…lK‡ì mvg‡b

Zz‡j ai‡Z n‡e

GGdwc/ GgGdwc -Gi

myweav¸‡jv ¯§iY ivLv ìKvi ?


• D‡Ëvjb D”PZv Kg (3 wgUv‡ii Kg) n‡j ‡mw›UªwdDMvj cv‡¤úi

Zzjbvq GGdwc-i 21-50% R¡vjvbx Kg jv‡M, d‡j †mev`vbKvixi

LiP Kg nq|

• R¡vjvbx LiP Kg nq weavq †mev`vbKvix K…lK‡`i Kg g~‡j¨ †mP w`‡Z

cv‡ib d‡j K…l‡KivI jvfevb n‡Z cv‡ib|

• GGdwc/GgGdwc GKB mg‡q ‡mw›UªwdDMvj cv‡¤úi Zzjbvq †ewk cvwb

D‡Ëvjb K‡i, ZvB †ewk msL¨K K…lK‡K †mP †mev w`‡q jvfevb nIqv

hvq|


GGdwc †mev e¨emvi Avq-e¨q we‡kølY (`jxq Abykxjb)

L – GjGmwc-i jvf (‡ev‡iv avb †_‡K) =

H-(‡m‡Pi LiP)

†ev‡iv av‡bi †ÿ‡Ît

Rwgi cwigvY =

‡Zj-R¡vjvbx LiP =

bvjv ˆZwi =

---------------------------------------

---

‡gvU=


cÖPwjZ ‡mw›UªwdDMvj cv¤ú

GGdwc/ GgGdwc

A -(‡m‡Pi LiP)

f‚Ævi †ÿ‡Ît

Rwgi cwigvY =


bvjv ˆZwi =

---------------------------------------

---

‡gvU=

B- (g~jab)

GGdwc-Gi `vg

(UvKv) =

cvIqvi wUjvi-Gi

`vg (UvKv) =

C- f~Æv

R¡vjvbx-†Zj LiP

(UvKv/weNv) =

bvjv ˆZwii LiP =

D- f~Æv

GjGmwc-i kÖ‡gi

my‡hvM g~j¨

(UvKv/weNv)

=

E- f~Æv

‡mP cÖ vb eve`

GjGmwc-i †mevg~j¨

(UvKv/weNv)

=

F - GjGmwc-i jvf (f~Æv †_‡K)

= 𝐸 − 𝐶 + 𝐷I - ‡ev‡iv avb

R¡vjvbx †Zj LiP

(UvKv/weNv) =

bvjv ˆZwii LiP =

J - ‡ev‡iv avb

GjGmwc-i kÖ‡gi

my‡hvM g~j¨ (UvKv/weNv)

=

K - ‡ev‡iv avb

‡mP cÖ vb eve` GjGmwc-i

†mevg~j¨ (UvKv/weNv)=

=

M - K…l‡Ki mvkÖq ((‡ev‡iv avb †_‡K) =𝐻 − 𝐾

G - K…l‡Ki mvkÖq (f~Æv †_‡K)

= 𝐴 − 𝐸

Z - 1 weNv = 33kZK =

0.33 GKi = 0.134 †n±i


N -(‡m‡Pi LiP)

Ab¨ dm‡ji †ÿ‡Ît

Rwgi cwigvY =


bvjv ˆZwi =

---------------------------------

---------

‡gvU=

O – Ab¨ dmj

R¡vjvbx †Zj LiP

(UvKv/weNv) =

bvjv ˆZwii LiP =

P- Ab¨ dmj

GjGmwc-i kÖ‡gi my‡hvM g~j¨

(UvKv/weNv)

=

Q - Ab¨ dmj

‡mP cÖ vb eve` GjGmwc-i

†mev g~j¨ (UvKv/weNv)

=

R - GjGmwc-i jvf (Ab¨vb¨ dmj)

= 𝑄 − 𝑂 + 𝑃S - K…l‡Ki mvkÖq (Ab¨vb¨ dmj)

= 𝑁 − 𝑄

W - †eªK-B‡fb AR©‡b

mgq cÖ‡qvRb (eQ‡i) =.

/01/21/3

T - GK w`‡b KZUzKz Rwg‡Z ‡mP cÖ‡qvM Kiv

hvq

f~Æv (AA) =

‡ev‡iv avb (AB) =

Ab¨vb¨ dmj (AC) =

U - eQ‡i KZ w`b ‡mP cÖ‡qvM Kiv hvq

f~Æv (AD) =

‡ev‡iv avb (AE) =

Ab¨vb¨ dmj (AF)=

V - ‡mev`vbKvixi GK eQ‡i jvft

f~Æv: 𝐴𝐺 = 𝐴𝐴 × 𝐴𝐷× 𝐸 − 𝐶 + 𝐷‡ev‡iv avb: 𝐴𝐻 = 𝐴𝐵 × 𝐴𝐸 × 𝐾 − 𝐼 + 𝐽Ab¨vb¨ dmj: 𝐴𝐼 = 𝐴𝐶 × 𝐴𝐹 × 𝑄 − 𝑂 + 𝑃

e¨emv msµvš Í Avw_©K Z_¨ msiÿ‡Yi ¸iæZ¡ t

‡mev`vbKvixMY GGdwc/ GgGdwc Pvjv‡bvi Rb¨ cÖwZw`b KZ LiP n‡”Q

Ges cÖwZw`b GGdwc/ GgGdwc †mev w`‡q KZ jvf Ki‡Qb G msµvšÍ

Z_¨ mg~n GKwU †iwRóv‡i msiÿY Ki‡eb| GGdwc/ GgGdwc µ‡qi

Rb¨ wewb‡qvMK…Z A‡_©i †eªK-B‡fb ‡c‡Z KZw`b jvM‡e †mUv wbY©q

Ki‡Z Ges e¨emvq AviI jvf wKfv‡e Kiv hv‡e ‡mUv wba©viY Kivi Rb¨

GUv LyeB Riæix|


wb‡b¥ Avcbvi e¨env‡ii Rb¨ wKQz D`vniY †`Iqv n‡jv t

K) cÖv_wgK wewb‡qvMt


welq ZvwiL msL¨v GKK g~j¨ (UvKv) wbR¯ (UvKv) FY (UvKv)

1| 2-PvKvi cvIqvi wUjvi/ wW‡Rj BwÄb

2| GGdwc/GgGdwc

3| cwienY LiP

4| Ab¨vb¨

‡gvU wewb‡qvM =

L) gvwmK Avq-e¨q

m¤úwK©Z Z_¨t

gvm t (D`vniYt gvP©

2015)

ZvwiL

GGdwc/GgGdwc Pvjv‡Z LiP ‡mev g~j¨ eve` Avq

LvZ cwigvY/msL¨v

UvKv

(cwi‡kva)

UvKv

(e‡Kqv )

K…lK Rwgi cwigvY I

dmj

UvKv

(cwi‡kva)

Moneyunpaid(in BDT)

10/3/2015

wW‡Rj 10 wjUvi 550/- 200 gv‡jK mi`vi 0.25 ‡n: ‡ev‡iv 800

400

gwej/MÖxR 500 wg.wj. 100/- iwgR wmK`vi 0.45‡n: ‡ev‡iv 1000

1000

LyPiv hš¿vsk 2 wU 60/- gwdR wmK`vi 0.25 ‡n: ‡ev‡iv 1200

-

cwienY 50/- kzKzi wgqv 0.4 ‡n: ‡ev‡iv 1600

-

kÖwgK 300/-

Ab

¨

vb

¨

11/3/2015

31/3/2015

†gvU e¨q = ‡gvU e¨q =


GKRb GGdwc/GgGdwc †mev`vbKvix wb‡P cÖ`Ë cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi Rvbvi

†Póv Ki‡eb|

g~j evZ©vmg~n

• Avwg †h ‡mP †mev w`‡Z Pvw”Q Zvi evRvi †Kv_vq?

• evRv‡i ‡mP ‡mevi Pvwn`v KZUzKz?


• ‡mP ‡mev †Ìqvi Rb¨ Avgvi mvg_©¨ KZUzKz?

• †mev †Ìqvi Rb¨ wK ai‡Yi †gwkb ev hš¿cvwZ ìKvi?

• wewb‡qv‡Mi Dci †eªK-B‡fb AR©b Kiv ej‡Z wK eySvq?


• cÖ ÍvweZ eëmv (Gw·‡qj/wg·W †d¬v cv¤ú ) †_‡K Avgvi KZUzKz jvf

n‡e?

• dm‡j †mP †Ìqv †ewk jvfRbK? bvwK gvQ ev wPswo Pv‡li cyKz‡i

†mP †Ìqv †ewk jvfRbK?

• KZw`‡b †eªK-B‡fb AR©b Ki‡Z cvie?


• GGdwc, GgGdwc Ges †mw›UªwdDMvj cv‡¤úi g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ wK?

• ‡mw›UªwdDMvj cv‡¤úi Zzjbvq Gw·‡qj/wg·W †d¬v cv‡¤úi myweav wK

wK?

• ‡Kvb cwi‡ek (jeYv³/AjeYv³) I wjd&U D”PZvq GGdwc e¨envi

jvfRbK?


• GGdwc/GgGdwc-i cÖavb Ask¸‡jv wK wK?

• GGdwc/GgGdwc ÷vU© Kiv Ges wbivc‡` Pvjv‡bvi Rb¨ wK wK welq

we‡ePbv Ki‡Z n‡e?

• GGdwc/GgGdwc-i cÖavb mgm¨v I Zvi KiY wK wK? wKfv‡e †m¸‡jv

mgvavb Kiv hv‡e?

• e¨emv wK?


• KZ mgq (gvm/eQi) †mP †mev cÖ`vb Ki‡j Gw·‡qj/wg·W †d¬v cv¤ú

†mev eëmvq †eªK-B‡fb AR©b Kiv hv‡e?

• wKfv‡e †mP †mev eëmvq Avcwb jvf Ki‡eb, cvkvcvwk K…l‡KivI

jvfevb n‡eb?

• eëmv msµvšÍ Z_¨ msiÿY ¸iæZ¡c~Y© †Kb?


Gw·‡qj/wg·W†d¬vcv¤ú(†mev`vbKvix‡`i) GK w`‡bicÖwkÿY · Cereal Systems Initiative...

Documents

Transcript of Gw·‡qj/wg·W†d¬vcv¤ú(†mev`vbKvix‡`i) GK w`‡bicÖwkÿY · Cereal Systems Initiative...