Grammar in Context Review Lesson

Part 1: Verbs R-1

PART 1: VERBS

Review Lesson

Be

Simple Present Tense

Simple Past

Future

Present Continuous

Past Continuous

Present Perfect

Present Perfect Continuous

Modals

He isn’t tired.I’m not afraid.He wasn’t absent.

I don’t work.He doesn’t work.

I didn’t work.I didn’t eat.I didn’t fall.I didn’t study.

I am not going to study.I won’t study.

He isn’t sleeping.

He wasn’t sleeping.

You haven’t broken the mirror.

We haven’t been studying for twohours.

He cannot study.You shouldn’t go.

He is tired.I am afraid.He was absent.

I work.He works.

I worked.I ate.I fell.I studied.

I am going to study.I will study.

He is sleeping.

He was sleeping.

You have broken the mirror.

We have been studying fortwo hours.

He can study.You should go.

Affirmative Negative

A. Study Charts

I → amYou, We, They → areHe, She, It → is

I, He, She, It → wasYou, We, They → were

Be—Present Be—Past

B. Rules and Editing PracticeLook at the rules and study the examples in the column on the left. Find and correct the errors in the edit column on the right. Not every sentence has a mistake.

R-2 Review Lesson

I speak Italian. I don’t speak German.We know the question. We don’t know theanswer.He has a bike. He doesn’t have a car.She lives in Los Angeles. She doesn’t live inSan Diego.

Wrong: She doesn’t lives in San Diego.

1. He don’t know your name.2. We doesn’t speak French.3. Some people doesn’t have a cell phone.4. They don’t want to go home.5. I don’t like his new jacket.6. She doesn’t lives in New York.

Rule 3. To form the negative of the simple present tense, use don’t with I, you,we, they, and plural subjects. Use doesn’t with he, she, it, and singular subjects.Always use the base form after don’t or doesn’t.

EditStudy

I like ice cream.You live near me.We walk to school.My parents live in China.

Note: People is a plural word.

Some people have a hard life. Wrong: Some people has a hard life.

1. They has free time now.2. People complains a lot.3. My parents lives in Germany. 4. The students want more practice.5. All her friends has a cell phone.

Rule 2. When the subject is I, we, they, you, or a plural word, use the base form,not the -s form.

EditStudy

She has a computer.He needs my help.Your composition looks good.Learning a new language takes time.Everyone deserves a good life.Nobody wants to get old.

Wrong: She have a computer.

s

1. My brother workˆin a restaurant.

2. My best friend lives in Australia.3. Getting a college degree require hard work.4. Nobody know how I feel.5. No one have time for me now.6. Every child deserves love.7. Everybody want respect.8. That building needs repair.

Rule 1. For the simple present tense, use the s form for he, she, it, singularsubjects, gerund subjects, and subjects beginning with every and no.

EditStudy

Part 1: Verbs R-3

I always drink coffee in the morning.She never walks to school.

Wrong: She never walking to school.

1. I usually sitting near the door.2. We always watch TV at night.3. She driving to school every day.4. I brush my teeth three times a day.5. She doesn’t eating breakfast every day.

Rule 4. To describe regular activity or repeated action, use the base form or the–s form for the simple present tense. Don’t use the -ing form.

EditStudy

My parents are very kind.We are sorry about your problem.Your sister is intelligent.You were late yesterday.My brother was at the soccer game last week.

1. My friends is always good to me.2. We was in Canada last summer.3. You were in class yesterday.4. Most people is kind.5. They wasn’t here yesterday.

Rule 5. Use the correct form of be. (I am, He is, She is, It is, You are, We are, They are)(I was, He was, She was, It was, You were, We were, They were)

EditStudy

I like my new dog.Wrong: I am like my new dog.

She bought a new CD player.Wrong: She was bought a new CD player.

1. She’s needs some help.2. I’m know Spanish well.3. She was took the test last week.4. The accident was happened at four o’clock.5. I left my keys at home. 6. He was opened the present.

Rule 6. Do not use a form of be to form the simple present or the simple pasttense.

EditStudy

She left early this morning.We saw the movie last night.I knew the answer.She fell down two days ago.

Wrong: She falled down.

1. They went home early last night.2. She heared the news on the radio this

morning.3. He see the accident yesterday.4. They wrote a composition last night.

Rule 7. Many past-tense verbs are irregular. Use the correct form. For a completelist of irregular verbs, see Grammar in Context Book 3, Appendix M.

EditStudy

R-4 Review Lesson

Doesn’t she have a cell phone?Does she know the answer?Did you drive the car?Did he bring his book today?

Wrong: Did he brought his book today?

1. Did you saw the movie yesterday?2. Does she understands the problem?3. Did you find the newspaper?4. Does the teacher have your paper?5. Does your father knows your cell phone

number?6. Does he has a laptop computer?

Rule 8. After do, does, and did, use the base form.

EditStudy

British: He has money. He hasn’t any time.American: He has money. He doesn’t have anytime.

Change to American English:1. She hadn’t time to do her homework last

night.2. I haven’t money for the bus. 3. He hasn’t a car.

Rule 10. In American English, the negative of have as a main verb is don’t have.The negative of has is doesn’t have. The negative of had is didn’t have.

EditStudy

She saw the movie. She didn’t see the play.She studied French. She didn’t study German.

Wrong: She don’t studied German.She lost her keys. She didn’t lose her wallet.

Wrong: She didn’t lost her wallet.

1. He didn’t went to the party last Saturday.2. I don’t watched the news last night.3. She didn’t find a job last week.4. He took the keys. He didn’t take the money.

Rule 9. To make the negative of regular and irregular past-tense verbs, use didn’t + the base form.

EditStudy

I was born in 1978.Wrong: I borned in 1978.

Where were your parents born?Wrong: Where did your parent born?

1. They were born in Guatemala.2. I borned in July.3. When was your parents born?4. Did you born before 1985?

Rule 11. Use was/were with born. Do not use did with born. Do not put an endingon born.

EditStudy

Part 1: Verbs R-5

We are correcting sentences.She was driving when she had an accident.They have been living in the U.S. for threeyears.

Wrong: They have living in the U.S. forthree years.

The teacher is teaching us about verbs.Wrong: The teacher teaching us about

verbs.

1. He eating lunch now.2. He’s work now.3. I sleeping when the phone rang.4. They are driving home now.5. The baby has sleeping for four hours.6. I’m read a great book now.7. You have been working for six hours.

Rule 12. Continuous tenses = a form of be + verb -ing.

EditStudy

I remember my first day in the U.S.We don’t need your help now.I like your new shirt.

Wrong: I am liking your new shirt.

1. Are you wanting to go home now?2. I am not remembering the name of my first

teacher.3. This music sounds beautiful.4. He is understanding English now.5. Do you own a cell phone now?

Rule 13. Don’t use a continuous tense with nonaction verbs (believe, care, cost,hate, have, hear, know, like, love, matter, mean, need, own, prefer, remember, see,seem, think (about), understand, want, and sense perception verbs: taste, smell,feel, sound, look).

EditStudy

I have taken several art courses.She has been here since May.

Wrong: She been here since May.The teacher has given several tests.

Note: Don’t confuse the -ing form with the-en form.

Wrong: The teacher has giving several tests.

1. I have made many mistakes.2. They been here for two hours.3. I’ve look at the clock five times.4. She has eating dinner already.5. Have you ever been in France?6. We haven’t given our parents a gift yet.

Rule 14. Present perfect tense = have/has + past participle. Use the presentperfect for:• actions or states that started in the past and continue to the present.• activities that repeat in a present time period.• an indefinite time in the past.

EditStudy

R-6 Review Lesson

I needed to find a job.Wrong: I needed to found a job.

I expect to get an A in this course.Wrong: I expect get an A.

Note: If two infinitives are connected withand, don’t repeat to. The second verb is aninfinitive without to.

She wants to get married and have children.

1. She needs buy a new car.2. I wanted called you yesterday.3. She wanted to left early last night.4. She wants to finish college and finding a job.5. He expected to receive a letter yesterday.6. I like to receive and to send letters.

Rule 16. After certain verbs (want, need, expect, try), use an infinitive(to + base form).

EditStudy

He has been studying for two hours.We have been working for five weeks.

Wrong: We been working for five weeks.She has been giving me piano lessons forthree years.

Note: Don’t confuse the -ing form with the -en form.

Wrong: She has been given me pianolessons for three years.

1. You have been worked for two hours.2. They’ve been sleeping for five hours.3. I’ve living in Chicago for three months.4. She’s been taken English classes for three

years. 5. She been sleeping for six hours. 6. I have studying English for three years.

Rule 15. Present perfect continuous = have/has + been + verb-ing. Use thepresent perfect continuous for actions that started in the past and continue tothe present.

EditStudy

She will eat dinner later.She is going to eat dinner later.

Note: Don’t use be together with a simplefuture tense verb.

Wrong: I will be eat dinner later.

Note: Don’t use will and going to together.Wrong: I will going to eat dinner later.

Part 1: Verbs R-7

Are you able to find a job?I am supposed to write my composition onthe computer.

Wrong: I supposed to write my compositionon the computer.

The child is not permitted to see the movie.Wrong: The child is not permitted see the

movie.We are not allowed to talk during a test.

Wrong: We are not allow to talk duringa test.

1. You are able to speak English well.2. We not supposed to talk during a test.3. You’re not allowed park on this side of the

street.4. We not permitted to use our dictionaries

during a test.5. You’re not suppose to write on that paper.

Rule 17. Include be and to with the following expressions: be supposed to, be allowed to, be permitted to, be able to. Be sure to put a d at the end ofsupposed, allowed, permitted.

EditStudy

1. He will coming home later.2. She will become a doctor.3. I going to visit my parents on Saturday.4. You will be have a good time on your

vacation.5. I will going to visit my cousins next week.

Rule 18. Future = will + base form or am/is/are + going to + base form.

EditStudy

She will eat dessert after she finishes dinner.If you are at the library, the librarian willhelp you. I will do my homework after I go home.

Wrong: I will do my homework after I willgo home.

1. When I will return to my country, I will visitmy parents.

2. He will go to the movies if he will have time. 3. She will visit the Eiffel Tower when she is in

Paris.4. If I’m home before 10 p.m., I’ll call you.

Rule 19. When talking about the future, use the simple-present tense in a timeclause or an if clause.

EditStudy

R-8 Review Lesson

He used a knife to open the box.She needs money to go to college.I came to this school to learn English.

Wrong: I came to this school for learningEnglish.

Wrong: I came to this school for learnEnglish.

1. I turned on the TV for watch the weather.2. She used a spell check to check her spelling

mistakes.3. He came to the U.S. for improving his skills.

Rule 20. We show purpose with to + the base form.

EditStudy

They can learn English.You should drive carefully.

Wrong: You should to drive carefully.

Note: To make a negative of a modal, put notafter the modal.

They couldn’t help me.Wrong: They don’t could help me.

1. She don’t can drive.2. I can’t to help you.3. You shouldn’t making so much noise.4. It may rain tonight.5. You must to leave immediately. 6. You should not drive so fast.

Rule 21. After a modal, use the base form. (Modals = can, could, will, would,should, may, might, must.)

EditStudy

They used to have a dog.I used to live with my grandparents.

Wrong: I use to live with my grandparents.

1. She use to own a house, but she sold it.2. I used to live with my uncle.3. They use to play video games.

Rule 22. Don’t forget the d in used to.

EditStudy

EXERCISE Find the mistakes with the underlined words and correct them. Notevery sentence has a mistake. If the sentence is correct,write C.

s

EXAMPLES He drinkˆcoffee every day.

You were late yesterday. C

1. She going to buy a new computer next month.

2. She goes to the library once a week.

3. My brother work very hard.

4. She didn’t went home after work yesterday.

5. My father have a new car.

6. My cousin lives in New York.

7. I watching TV last night when the telephone rang.

8. My sister likes dogs. She doesn’t likes cats.

9. I’ll be know a lot of grammar at the end of the semester.

10. He speaks Russian. He doesn’t speak Ukrainian.

11. She will take a vacation next month.

1

Part 1: Verbs R-9

After finishing dinner, we watched TV.Instead of using a fork, we used a spoon.You can’t get ahead without working hard.She’s interested in learning about computers.Before eating dinner, wash your hands.

Wrong: Before eat dinner, wash your hands.

1. He’s concerned about lose his job.2. He thanked me for give him my seat.3. Are you good at writing compositions?4. She complains about not get enough sleep.5. Instead of write your composition by hand,

you can use the computer.

Rule 23. After prepositions, use the -ing form. Some prepositions are for, about,of, from, after, before, in, without, by.

EditStudy

I can play the guitar.I am able to play the guitar.

Wrong: I can able to play the guitar.

1. Are you able to finish the job?2. She can’t able to do her homework with the

TV on.3. I can’t help you.

Rule 24. Don’t mix can and be able to.

EditStudy

12. He’s a doctor. He been a doctor since 1997.

13. Nobody know how to fix the problem.

14. We can’t able to help you now.

15. I have saw a lot of good movies lately.

16. He was driving to work when he had a flat tire.

17. Last week, she was lost her gloves.

18. I have eating Mexican food many times.

19. She forgot to turned off the oven.

20. If we will have time next week, we will go to the zoo.

21. You should to buy a faster computer.

22. I want eat lunch now.

23. Every student need a textbook.

24. She doesn’t has a computer.

25. I not want to go outside now.

26. You done a good job on your last composition.

27. She quitted her job two months ago.

28. My father was borned in 1945.

29. She’s been talking on the phone for two hours.

30. Were you excited about go to Paris?

31. She can’t understand the lesson.

32. I finded a job yesterday.

33. She didn’t understood the explanation.

34. Some American people is very friendly.

35. She will become a teacher when she graduates.

36. I’m not able find a good job.

37. Most people want to be rich.

38. You wasn’t in class yesterday.

39. He has already taking care of the problem.

40. She came to the U.S. for find a better job.

41. They didn’t driving to Canada. They flew there.

42. Be quiet. The baby sleeping.

43. I want to go back to my country and visiting my parents.

R-10 Review Lesson

44. You not supposed to talk in the library.

45. She expected received a letter, but she didn’t.

46. She isn’t interested in watching the baseball game.

47. I am not knowing the answer to your question.

48. I use to walk to school, but now I take the bus.

49. We visiting our grandparents every week.

50. We’re not allow to write in our books.

51. When I am at the post office tomorrow, I’ll buy stamps.

52. Are we suppose to write a composition today?

Part 2: Adjectives, Adverbs, and Noun Modifiers R-11

PART 2: ADJECTIVES, ADVERBS, AND NOUN MODIFIERS

A. Study Chart

He is a careful driver.He is a good cook.She is a hard worker.

He has a driver’s license.He uses a gas stove.She is a city worker.

Adjectives describe anoun.

Adjectives Adverbs Noun Modifiers

He drives carefully.He cooks well.She works hard.

Adverbs describe a verb. Noun modifiers make nounsmore specific.

B. Rules and Editing PracticeLook at the rules and study the examples in the column on the left. Find andcorrect the errors in the edit column on the right. Not every sentence has a mistake.

His ideas are so different from mine.He has two wonderful daughters.

Wrong: He has two wonderfuls daughters.

1. Her children are beautifuls.2. You have pretty eyes.3. Boston and Chicago are Americans cities.

Rule 1. A descriptive adjective has no plural form.

EditStudy

R-12 Review Lesson

I am very proud of you.The pie tastes good.The coffee smells fresh.

Wrong: The coffee smells freshly.

1. She seems responsible.2. She is very carefully when she drives.3. That music sounds beautifully.

Rule 2. After a form of be or other linking verbs (seem, look, smell, sound, taste,feel), use an adjective, not an adverb.

EditStudy

He speaks English fluently.I type very quickly.

Wrong: I type very quick.

1. You should drive careful.2. He spoke very quiet.3. Please speak more softly.

Rule 3. To describe an action, use an adverb, not an adjective.

EditStudy

She has an early class. She arrives early.He is a fast worker. He works fast.

Wrong: He works fastly.

1. She worked very hardly last week.2. She talks very fastly.3. I’m trying hard to find a job.4. She came late to the meeting.

Rule 4. Some adverbs have the same form as the adjective: fast, hard, late1,early. They do not use -ly.

EditStudy

1Hard and late have an -ly form, but the meaning is different:Lately she has had a lot of problems. (lately = recently)He’s lazy. He hardly does any work at all. (hardly = almost nothing)

He is a good cook.He cooks well.

Wrong: He cooks good.

1. He writes English very good.2. He is a good writer.3. I didn’t do too good on my math test.

Rule 5. Good is an adjective. The adverb is well.

EditStudy


My sister isn’t married.We are not permitted to use a book duringthe test.My college is located nearby.

Wrong: My college located nearby.I’m bored.

Wrong: I’m bore.

1. Are you tire?2. I’m not worried about my grades.3. She’s concern about her son.4. The elevator isn’t crowded. 5. The college situated on the corner of

Broadway and Wilson Avenues.

Rule 6. Some -ed words are adjectives: concerned, located, situated, married,divorced, crowded, allowed, permitted, worried, tired. Don’t omit the -ed for thesewords. Since these words are not verbs, be sure to include a verb (usually a formof be).

EditStudy

You have a very good accent.You speak English very well.I want to meet your mother very much.

Wrong: I very want to meet your mother.

1. I very like your new car.2. His new suit is very expensive.3. He dresses very stylishly.4. She very wants to be a pilot.

Rule 7. You can put very before adjectives and adverbs. You cannot put verybefore verbs.

EditStudy

That car costs too much money for me.That car is too expensive. I can’t buy it.

Wrong: That car is too much expensive.I can’t buy it.

1. He’s too young to retire.2. He drives too much slowly on the highway.

He can get a ticket.3. It’s too much hot in here. Let’s turn on the

air conditioner.

Rule 8. Use too much before nouns. Use too before adjectives and adverbs.

EditStudy

My brother is a very good student.My brother is 14. He’s too young to drive.I ate too much candy, and now I feel sick.He has a lot of friends. He’s happy.

Wrong: He has too many friends.

1. My brother got a scholarship to a goodcollege because he’s too smart.

2. He found a job because he has too muchexperience in his field.

3. He finally found a good job. Now he makestoo much money.

Rule 9. Use too, too much, too many only if there is a problem. If there is noproblem, use very and a lot of.

EditStudy

R-14 Review Lesson

She had a two-week vacation.I need a five-dollar bill.

Wrong: I need a five-dollars bill.

1. Put your shoes in a shoes box.2. We have a three-days weekend next week.3. I need an eye exam. My eyes are bad.

Rule 10. When a noun describes a noun, the first noun is always singular.

EditStudy

This watermelon is big. That watermelon is small.Those cherries are good.These grapes are delicious.

Wrong: This grapes are delicious.

1. That shoes are mine.2. Those are beautiful boots.3. This are my English books.4. This gloves are too big for me.

Rule 11. This and that are singular. These and those are plural.

EditStudy

I exercise every day, and my sister does too.I don’t play tennis, and my sister doesn’teither.

Wrong: I don’t play tennis, and my sisterdoesn’t too.

Note: Include an auxiliary verb before tooand either.My friend has a dog, and I do too.

Wrong: My friend has a dog, and I too.

1. My mother doesn’t like sports. My sisterdoesn’t too.

2. She can’t speak Spanish, and I can’t either.3. My mother likes classical music, and I too.4. I don’t play tennis, and my sister doesn’t

too.

Rule 12. Combine two affirmative statements with too. Combine two negativestatements with either.

EditStudy


EXERCISE Find the mistakes with the underlined words and correct them. Notevery sentence has a mistake. If the sentence is correct, write C.

ly

EXAMPLES He drives very carefulˆ.

He speaks English fluently. C

1. Her daughters are very intelligents.

2. He is very proudly because his daughter graduated from college.

3. The bread tastes fresh.

4. I’m too much busy today. I don’t have time for you.

5. She very likes her new job.

6. This books are mine.

7. We had a three-weeks vacation.

8. I don’t type very fast or very well.

9. I can’t speak Italian, and my friend can’t too.

10. She studied hard for the test.

11. You are not allow to talk during a test.

12. My house located in a suburb.

13. I’m concerned about learning English.

14. My sister has a Japanese car, and I too.

15. They speak English perfectly.

16. She doesn’t know him very good.

17. My sister likes tennis. Her daughter does too.

18. He’s always tire because he works so hardly.

19. She gets up early every day.

20. The bus is very crowd in the morning.

2

Language Note:Far, farther, farthest is used for distance. Far, further, furthest is used for concepts.

He rode his bike the farthest. He explained his idea further.

Simple Comparative Superlative

R-16 Review Lesson

PART 3: COMPARATIVES AND SUPERLATIVES

A. Study Charts

Short Adjectives and AdverbsAdd -er / -est

Adjectives That End in -yChange y to i, add -er / -est

Longer AdjectivesAdd more /most before the adjective

-ly AdverbsAdd more / most before the adverb

Irregular Forms

tallestbiggestoldest

busiesteasiest

most importantmost wonderful

most quicklymost easily

bestbestworstworstfarthestfurthestleastmost

tallerbiggerolder

busiereasier

more importantmore wonderful

more quicklymore easily

betterbetterworseworsefartherfurtherlessmore

tallbigold

busyeasy

importantwonderful

quicklyeasily

goodwellbadbadlyfar*farlittlea lot

ComparativeForms

SuperlativeForms

Equality withAdjectives and Adverbs

Equality withQuantities

He is taller than his father.He is more intelligent than his brother.He drives more carefully than you do.

He is the tallest person in his family.He is the most intelligent person in his family.He drives the most carefully of anyonein his family.

He is as tall as his brother.She doesn’t dance as well as me.

He has as much money as you do.I don’t have as many friends as you do.

Examples Comparison Patterns

• short adjective / adverb + -er + than• more + long adjective + than• more + -ly adverb + than

• the + short adjective / adverb + -est• the most + long adjective• the most + -ly adverb

• as adjective as• as adverb as

• as much noncount noun as• as many plural noun as


Part 3: Comparatives and Superlatives R-17

Equality withVerbs

Equality withNouns

Equality withSense-PerceptionVerbs

Equality ofCharacteristics

Same

Different

You don’t drive as much as I do.You eat more. I don’t eat as much.

He is the same height as his brother.He and his brother are the same height.

She looks like her father. They look alike.A CD almost sounds like live music. They sound almost alike.This coat feels like real fur.

She is like her mother. They are bothvery talented.She and her mother are alike.

The new dollar bills are not the same asthe old dollar bills.The new dollar bills and the old dollarbills are not the same.

The new dollar bills are different fromthe old dollar bills.The new dollar bills and the old dollarbills are different.

as much (as)

the same noun (as)

• look like / look alike• sound like / sound alike • taste like / taste alike• feel like / feel alike• smell like / smell alike

be like / be alike

the same (as)

different (from)

He is tall.He is taller than his father.He’s the tallest person in his family.

Wrong: He is a taller person.Golf is a popular sport.Baseball is more popular than golf.Soccer is the most popular sport in theworld.

biggest

1. New York is the bigger city in the U.S.2. Trigonometry is difficult than algebra.3. Chicago is a bigger city.4. Los Angeles is big than Chicago.5. My grandfather is very oldest.6. You drive most carefully than your brother.7. She is the more beautiful woman I have ever

seen.8. The dictionary is a heavier book.

Rule 1. Choose the correct form of the adjective or adverb. A simple adjective oradverb (tall, good, important, fast) describes one thing or person. A comparativeadjective or adverb (taller, better, more important, faster) compares two things orpeople. A superlative adjective or adverb (the tallest, the best, the most important,the fastest) points out the number-one item in a group of three or more.

EditStudy

R-18 Review Lesson

My aunt is nicer than my uncle.Book 2 is easier than Book 3.

My aunt is more intelligent than my uncle.The car is running more smoothly thanbefore.

Jake is the tallest person in my family.He is the laziest person I’ve ever met.

She is the most interesting person in myfamily.She dresses the most stylishly of all herclassmates.

1. I am more old than you are.2. My sister is more intelligent than my brother.3. Who is the most lazy person in your family?4. What is the most unusual place you have

visited?5. My dictionary is heavier than my textbook.6. He wrote the composition more carefully

than I did.7. You speak English fluentlier than I do.

Rule 2. Use -er and -est with short adjectives (including adjectives that endin -y) and short adverbs ( fast, late, early, hard). Use more and most with longeradjectives and -ly adverbs.

EditStudy

New York is the biggest city in the U.S.Los Angeles is bigger than Chicago.

Note: Omit than if you omit the second itemof comparison.

Los Angeles is big, but New York is bigger.

1. Books in the U.S. are more expensive booksin my country.

2. My aunt is intelligent, but my uncle is evenmore intelligent than.

3. Alaska is largest state in the U.S.4. Is Alaska larger than California?

Rule 3. Before a superlative form, use the. Use than before the second item ofcomparison.

EditStudy

You are older than I am.Wrong: You are more older than I am.

He is the tallest person in his family.Wrong: He is the most tallest person in his

family.

1. You drive more worse than I do.2. You are the most youngest person in the

class.3. You type more quickly than I do.4. She speaks more faster than you do.5. This book is more better than the other one.

Rule 4. Don’t use more and -er together. Don’t use most and -est together.

EditStudy

Part 3: Comparatives and Superlatives R-19

She and her husband are the same age.She is the same age as her husband.

Wrong: She is the same age like her husband.She is as pretty as her sister.

Wrong: She is the same pretty as her sister.

1. I am the same tall as my brother.2. I’m not as athletic as you are.3. A nickel is the same shape like a quarter.4. She isn’t as strong than her husband. 5. Her shoes are the same color as her dress.6. I am not the same height my friend.

Rule 5. With nouns, use the same . . . (as). With adjectives and adverbs, use as . . . as.

EditStudy

She is like her mother. They have the sameinterests.The weather in Cuba is like the weather inPuerto Rico. Both islands are tropical.She looks like her mother. They have almostthe same face.

Note: Don’t include be with a sense-perception verb.

Wrong: She is looks like her mother.

1. I am look like my twin brother.2. You are look like your father. You both love

sports.3. She’s beautiful. She looks like a movie star.4. I look like my friend. We have the same

character.5. When you sing, you sound like Bob Dylan.6. The weather in Chicago looks like the

weather in Detroit.

Rule 6. For sense similarities, use look like, sound like, feel like, etc. For othersimilarities, use be like.

EditStudy

She doesn’t sound like a professional singer.My photo ID doesn’t look like me at all.

Wrong: My photo ID isn’t look like me at all.

1. Polyester doesn’t feel like silk.2. He has an accent. He isn’t sound like an

American.3. This drink looks like coffee, but it isn’t smell

like coffee.

Rule 7. To make the negative of sense-perception verbs, use don’t or doesn’t.

EditStudy

“Large” is the same as “big.”Wrong: “Large” is the same like “big.”

“Large” is different from “long.”Wrong: “Large” is different than “long.”

1. This dish is the same like the one you madeyesterday.

2. My English book is different than yours.3. Your idea is the same as mine.

Rule 8. The connector after the same is as. The connector after different is from.

EditStudy

EXERCISE Find the mistakes with the underlined words and correct them.Not every sentence has a mistake. If the sentence is correct, write C.

EXAMPLES I am the most oldest of all my cousins.She is older than her husband. C

1. He’s taller than his brother.

2. He speaks English more better than his brother.

3. He’s as smart as his brother.

4. Alaska is the biggest state in the U.S.

5. January is the colder month of the year.

6. New York is one of the most interesting cities in the world.

7. She is funniest girl in the class.

8. He’s not as old as his wife.

9. She is beautiful, but her sister is even more beautiful than.

10. He’s not the same tall as his son.

11. He and his wife are the same age.

12. Oranges don’t taste as tangerines.

13. She looks like her mother. They are both pretty.

14. She isn’t look like her father. She has her mother’s eyes and smile.

15. Asian music doesn’t look like Western music.

16. Decaf coffee tastes like regular coffee to me.

17. My house in this city is very different than my house in my hometown.

18. A quarter is the same like twenty-five cents.

19. He doesn’t have as many problems as I do.

20. I don’t drink as much coffee my brother.

21. You and I are alike in many ways. We both love sports and jazz.

22. He is same his father in many ways. They’re both very intelligent.

3

R-20 Review Lesson

Part 4: Count and Noncount Nouns R-21

PART 4: COUNT AND NONCOUNT NOUNS2

a peachone peach

a glassone glass

some milk

two glasses of milk

a couple of glasses of milk

no milk

any milk (in questions andnegatives)

a lot of milklots of milkplenty of milk

much milk (in questions andnegatives)

too much milk

a little milk

several glasses of milk

How much milk?

Singular Count

some peaches

two peaches

a couple of peaches

no peaches

any peaches (in questionsand negatives)

a lot of peacheslots of peachesplenty of peaches

many peaches

too many peaches

a few peaches

several peaches

How many peaches?

Plural Count Noncount

A. Study Chart

2 For a list of noncount nouns, see Grammar in Context Book 3, Appendix A.


I don’t have many friends.I don’t have much time.She ate a few cookies.She drank a little milk.

few

1. We saw a little good movies.2. Much people came to the party.3. A few people were late.4. I get a little help from my friends.

Rule 1. With noncount nouns, use much and little. With count nouns, use manyand few.

EditStudy

R-22 Review Lesson

He drinks a lot of coffee.I have a lot of time today.

Wrong: I have much time today.

1. I drank a lot of orange juice today.2. The teacher gave me much information

about registration. 3. You should drink much water every day.

Rule 2. In affirmative statements, use a lot of, not much.

EditStudy

I drank a cup of tea.She bought a loaf of bread.I have a couple of tickets for the baseballgame.They ate a lot of cookies.

Note: If you omit the noun, omit of.

They ate a lot of cookies, but I didn’t eat a lot.

Note: Don’t use of after a little.

Wrong: I drink a little of juice everymorning.

1. I always put a little salt in the soup.2. He put a little of sugar in his tea. 3. He bought a jar olive oil.4. I need to buy a gallon of milk.5. Put a spoonful sugar in the tea. 6. I need to buy a couple bananas.7. She uses a lot sugar.8. I have a lot of free time on Monday, but I

don’t have a lot of on Tuesday.9. I have a couple of questions about the

grammar. My friend has a couple of too.

Rule 3. With a unit of measure or container, use of. Use of with a lot and a couple.

EditStudy

I saw a few good movies last week.I rarely see movies in my language becausethere are very few available here.I have a little money. Let’s go to the movies.I have little money. I can’t even buy a cup ofcoffee.

1. Their marriage was a failure because they had little in common.

2. He’s a lucky man. He has few good friends.3. I can’t help you today. I have a little time.4. I bought a few bananas. Do you want one?

Rule 4. To emphasize a positive quantity, use a before few and little (to meansome or enough). To emphasize a negative quantity, use very or nothing beforefew and little (to mean almost none).

EditStudy

Part 4: Count and Noncount Nouns R-23

The teacher gave us a lot of homework.All this equipment is very heavy.I have a lot of information about the newcourses.I want to give you some advice.

Wrong: I want to give you some advices.

1. He bought a lot of furnitures for his newhome.

2. My mother gave me a lot of advices.3. Do you have any informations about the new

biology course?4. I finished all my homework.5. He works with a lot of heavy equipments.6. He put a lot of sugars in his tea.

Rule 5. Don’t make a noncount noun plural. Some unexpected words that arenoncount nouns are: advice, information, equipment, furniture, and homework.(See Grammar in Context Book 3, Appendix A for a list of noncount nouns.)

EditStudy

EXERCISE Find the mistakes with the underlined words and correct them.Not every sentence has a mistake. If the sentence is correct,write C.

EXAMPLES My counselor gave me a lot of informations about colleges.

The teacher gave us a lot of homework last week. C

1. He has many money.

2. He has many credit cards.

3. There were a lot of people at the party. Everyone had a great time.

4. I can’t talk to you now. I have very little time.

5. She drank three glasses of water today.

6. She put a little of milk in her coffee.

7. The soup has no taste. There is no salt in the soup.

8. He has a lot of mistakes on his test, but he doesn’t have a lot on hiscomposition.

9. There are some people from Guatemala in my class.

10. I have much work to do. I have little free time today.

11. The teacher gave me a lot of advices about how to study.

12. You can get a lot of information from the Internet.

13. Do we have a lot of homeworks today?

14. I ate a little of rice with dinner.

15. A little students were absent today.

16. I sent a couple letters to my friends.

17. I drink two cups coffee every day.

4

PART 5: NOUNS: SINGULAR/PLURAL AND POSSESSIVE

girlsboysboxeswatchesdishesclassesladiesshelves

Plural

girlboyboxwatchdishclassladyshelf

Singular

A. Study ChartsRegular Plural Forms

manwomanmousetoothfootgoosechild person

menwomenmiceteethfeetgeesechildrenpeople (OR persons)

Irregular Plural Forms3

PluralSingular

3For other irregular plurals, see Grammar in Context Book 3, Appendix I.

R-24 Review Lesson

Part 5: Nouns: Singular/Plural and Possessive R-25

Singular nouns:teachermother

Plural nouns endingin -s:

parentsstudentsladies

Irregular pluralnouns:

menwomen

Add apostrophe + steacher’smother’s

Add apostrophe only

parents’students’ladies’

Add apostrophe + s

men’swomen’s

Ending ExamplesNoun

The teacher’s office is on the third floor.My mother’s name is Elena.

My parents’ house has 3 bedrooms.Do you know the students’ names?Where’s the ladies’ room?

Thomas and Robert are men’s names.Mary and Susan are women’s names.

Possessive Forms of Nouns

B. Rules and Editing PracticeLook at the rules and study the examples in the column on the left. Find andcorrect the errors in the edit column on the right. Not every sentence has amistake.

The boy’s name is Sam.The boys’ names are Sam and Mark.The children’s names are Lee and Ann.The men’s names are Harry and William.

1. The childrens’ toys are on the floor.2. My parent’s house is old.3. All the teachers’ offices are on the third floor.4. My teacher’s name is Barbara. 5. The child’s name is Kim.6. My parent’s names are Sylvia and Paul.

Rule 1. For possession of singular nouns and irregular plural nouns, put theapostrophe before the s. For possession of plural nouns ending in s, put theapostrophe after the s.

EditStudy

Rule 2. Possession shows ownership or relationship. Use correct word order andform for possession:

The man’s dog.

possessor + apostrophe s + possessedOR

The boys’ dog.

possessor + s apostrophe + possessed

The workers are in the factory.Two girls are crying.

Wrong: Two girl’s are crying.

1. How many cousin’s do you have?2. Where do your brothers live?3. Do your parents’ have a car?

Rule 3. Don’t use an apostrophe for a plural ending.

EditStudy

She bought a lot of books.Some of my teachers are very strict.One of the classrooms has carpeting.Five people in my class speak Polish.

1. A lot of teacher at this school speak Spanish.2. Do you have a lot of friend?3. One of my brother lives in Boston.4. All of the orange are delicious.5. She has a lot of cousins.

Rule 4. To talk about more than one thing, use the plural form. After one of the,some of the, all of the, use the plural form.

EditStudy

The teacher’s office is on the second floor.My brothers’ wives are very nice.My sister’s car is new.

Wrong: The car of my sister is new.

The students’ books

1. Books the students are blue.2. My parents’ house is near mine.3. The children toys are on the floor.4. The name of my brother is Fred.

EditStudy

R-26 Review Lesson

Part 5: Nouns: Singular/Plural and Possessive R-27

Every child needs love.All children need love.

1. Every students passed the test.2. All the students were unhappy with the test.

Rule 6. Use the singular form after every. Use the plural form after all.

EditStudy


women

EXAMPLES Only three woman came to the party.My sister’s son lives in Los Angeles. C

1. They have four childrens.

2. There were two men in the office.

3. One of my friend has twin sons.

4. My parents’ house is not very big.

5. Car of my father is new.

6. What is name your sister?

7. Do you have any brother’s?

8. Robert and Paul are men’s names.

9. Your sister husband is a very nice man.

10. All of the student in this class can speak English.

11. Every student in this class can speak English.

12. All the teachers have offices. The teachers’ offices are on the secondfloor.

5

They have beautiful children.Two women came late to the meeting.

Wrong: Two womens came late.

1. There are two mens from Taiwan in my class.2. The children are eating ice cream.3. How many womens were at the meeting?

Rule 5. Don’t put an s ending on an irregular plural noun.

EditStudy

I saw her at the park.You don’t know me very well.They always talk about us.

Wrong: They always talk about we.

1. She loves her boyfriend and always talkshim

about he.2. You know my parents. You met they at the

party.3. I want to know about your sister. Tell me

about her.

Rule 1. After a verb or preposition, use the object pronoun.

EditStudy


4For a list of word order of object pronouns, see Grammar in Context Book 3, Appendix F.

PART 6: PRONOUNS AND POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES4

A. Study ChartsSubjectPronoun

ObjectPronoun

PossessiveAdjective

PossessivePronoun

ReflexivePronoun

Iyouhesheitweyoutheywho

meyouhimheritusyouthemwhom

myselfyourselfhimselfherselfitselfourselvesyourselvesthemselves—

mineyourshishers— oursyourstheirswhose

myyourhisheritsouryourtheirwhose

R-28 Review Lesson

Part 6: Pronouns and Possessive Adjectives R-29

She loves her son.He loves his wife.

1. The boy gave her mother a present.2. My sister loves his husband.

Rule 5. Don’t confuse her and his.

EditStudy

He said his name clearly.He told me his problem.

Wrong: He said me his problem.

1. He told the answer.2. She said something, but I didn’t hear it.3. She told her name, but I forgot it.

Rule 4. You say something. You tell someone something.

EditStudy

I have my books. Do you have yours?If you don’t have your dictionary, you canborrow mine.Our friends are in the U.S. Theirs are not.

1. We bought ours books at the bookstore onthe corner.

2. Theirs parents don’t speak English.3. They gave their children a good education.4. My textbook is new. Yours is used.

Rule 2. Before a noun, use the possessive adjective. When the noun is omitted,use the possessive pronoun.

EditStudy

He wants me to mail the package.I expect them to answer my question.I want her to help me.

Wrong: I want that she helps me.

1. My brother watches too much TV. I want thathe read more.

2. The teacher wanted me to correct mymistakes.

3. The teacher expects we write fivecompositions.

4. My parents would like I called them everyweek.

Rule 3. After want, need, expect, would like, use the object form, plus aninfinitive.

EditStudy

You’re my best friend. I like your personality.

1. I don’t know you’re name.2. Your a good student.3. You’re late for class.

Rule 8. Don’t confuse your and you’re.

EditStudy

It’s a hot day today.How does an elephant use its trunk?

1. This is a grammar book. It’s interesting.2. The library has it’s own computer lab. It’s on

the first floor.

Rule 7. Don’t confuse it’s and its.

EditStudy

They’re my friends. Their names are Bob and Alice. They live over there.

1. These are my brothers. They’re names arePeter and Tim.

2. They take their kids to that park over there. 3. Their very nice people.4. What are their names?

Rule 6. Don’t confuse there, they’re, and their.

EditStudy

Who’s your English teacher?Whose book is this?

1. Who’s coat is that?2. Who’s your best friend?

Rule 9. Don’t confuse who’s and whose.

EditStudy

They invited my friend and me to a party.Wrong: They invited my friend and I.

I spoke with him and his cousin.Wrong: I spoke with he and his cousin.

My friend and I went to New York.Wrong: My friend and me went to New York.Wrong: Me and my friend went to New York.

1. Just between you and I, I didn’t study forthe test.

2. Me and him had a fight.3. I’d like to go with them and their friends to

the concert.4. I saw her and her cousin at the park.5. I and my sister took a trip together.

Rule 10. Before the verb, use subject pronouns. After a verb or preposition, useobject pronouns. Be careful with compound subjects and objects. If a compoundsubject or object includes the speaker, the speaker is last.

EditStudy

R-30 Review Lesson

Part 6: Pronouns and Possessive Adjectives R-31

I looked at myself in the mirror.They always talk about themselves.

Wrong: They always talk about themself.

1. All of you need to prepare yourself for thetest.

2. He loves hisself very much.3. The teachers always make theyselves

available for help.4. She corrected herself when she made a

mistake.

Rule 11. Use the correct reflexive form. See the chart on page R-28 for thecorrect form.

EditStudy


EXAMPLES I don’t know yours parents.

Who’s that man over there? C

1. Do you like dogs? Yes, I like it very much.

2. Where’s your sister? I want to talk to she.

3. They’re very lonely because they parents don’t live in the U.S.

4. You didn’t bring your book today. You can use mine.

5. Him and his wife bought a new house.

6. My neighbors take theirs children to a museum once a week.

7. He didn’t wash him hands before dinner.

8. They helped theyselves to more dessert.

9. My parents wanted that I become a teacher.

10. I didn’t see my friends at school, but I saw them at the library.

11. Mary speaks English well, but his brother doesn’t.

12. I have two cats. I got them from my friend.

13. They lost there suitcases at the airport.

14. I know what movie you’re talking about, but I can’t remember it’s name.

15. That boy is making a lot of noise. I want he be quiet.

16. The teacher expects us to write five compositions.

17. My parents gave my sisters and I a good education.

18. He never likes to talk about himself.

19. Who’s book is this?

6

My teacher is very patient.The college is located downtown.The elevator was very crowded.They are satisfied with their grades.

Wrong: They satisfied with their grades.

am

1. I^very tired today.2. My sister is married.3. The bus crowded every morning.4. I concerned about your health.

EditStudy


Rule 1. Every sentence must have a verb. Remember: Many -ed words areadjectives: married, worried, tired, bored, interested, crowded, etc.

20. We lost ours books.

21. They always look at themself in the mirror.

22. I told them the answer.

23. I don’t even know you’re name.

24. She said me the secret.

25. Me and my friends like to play video games.

PART 7: SENTENCE STRUCTURE AND WORD ORDER

A simple sentence has a subject anda verb. The basic sentence word orderis:

subject + verb + complement

A compound sentence combines twosimple sentences with and, but, or, so.

A complex sentence has a dependentclause and a main clause. Each clausehas a subject and a verb.

Explanation

Subject Verb Complement

She speaks English.You are early.Jack didn’t go to work.

I woke up late, so I missed my bus.My counselor didn’t have much time, butshe helped me anyway.

When you are late, you miss importantinformation.The man whom you met is my boss.I know that you passed the test.

Examples

A. Study Chart

R-32 Review Lesson

Part 7: Sentence Structure and Word Order R-33

I didn’t understand the lesson because it wastoo hard for me.It is important to have a good job.

Wrong: Is important to have a good job.

1. Let’s stay inside. Is cold today.2. Is impossible to learn English in a month. 3. I don’t like birds as pets because make a lot

of noise.

Rule 2. A verb must have a subject.5

EditStudy

My sister plays the piano.Wrong: My sister she plays the piano.

1. My parents they have a new house.2. My friend she is a doctor.3. Your brother is very nice.4. My friends and I we like to play soccer.

Rule 3. Don’t repeat the subject with a pronoun.

EditStudy

There were a lot of people at the party.Wrong: Were a lot of people at the party.

There’s a map on the wall.Wrong: It’s a map on the wall.

1. It’s a telephone in the kitchen.2. In the park a beautiful garden.3. There will be a concert tonight.4. Are some Puerto Rican students in my class.

Rule 4. To introduce the subject, sometimes we need there + a form of be.

EditStudy

The children came home late.Wrong: Came home late the children.

The little girl is very happy.Wrong: Is very happy the little girl.

1. The workers began to work when arrived theboss.

2. I didn’t go to work because the office wasclosed.

3. Everything that said the teacher is important.4. Was very interesting the movie.

Rule 5. Put the subject before the verb in all clauses.

EditStudy

5Exception: The verb in an imperative does not state the subject.Come here. Sit down.

A. Between the subject and the verb:

I always watch the news at night.B. After the verb be:

You are especially kind. C. Between the auxiliary verb and the main

verb:

I will probably call you later.

He has never seen a play.

1. She always is late to class.2. I have wanted always to visit London.3. You have never seen my vacation pictures.4. We are making probably progress.5. He can study with noise. He even can study

with loud rock music.6. They are probably right.7. I don’t want to bother you. Just I need to

ask you a question.

Rule 9. Put a one-word adverb (always, never, probably, even, just, especially,etc.) in the right place.

EditStudy

Verb ObjectShe typed the report very slowly.

Verb ObjectThey opened the window carefully.

Wrong: They opened carefully the window.

1. She likes very much her new apartment.2. He looks all the time at the clock.3. She opened her eyes slowly.4. You drove very quickly the car.

Rule 6. Don’t separate the verb from the object.

EditStudy

Once in a while, she eats meat.She eats meat once in a while.

Wrong: She once in a while eats meat.

1. We every day practice grammar.2. Every other day I visit my parents.3. He in the kitchen eats breakfast.

Rule 7. We do not usually put more than one word between the subject and theverb. Put a phrase before the subject or at the end of the verb phrase.

EditStudy

There aren’t any elevators in the building.Wrong: There aren’t no elevators in the

building.Nobody wants to go home.

Wrong: Nobody doesn’t want to go home.He doesn’t have any time.

Wrong: He doesn’t have no time.

1. There aren’t no Korean students in my class.2. I have no time for television.3. I don’t want no milk in my coffee.4. She doesn’t have any children.5. Nobody doesn’t know how I feel.6. I haven’t never seen the movie.

Rule 8. Don’t use a double negative.

EditStudy

R-34 Review Lesson

Part 7: Sentence Structure and Word Order R-35

We never speak Spanish in class.Wrong: Never we speak Spanish in class.

You are always right.Wrong: Always you are right.

1. Never he walks to work.2. You always tell the truth.3. Always I have coffee with breakfast.4. Never she has gone to the zoo.5. She is never on time.

Rule 10. Most frequency words can come before the subject. However, always andnever don’t usually come before the subject.

EditStudy

She has a very interesting job.This is a very difficult lesson.

Wrong: This is a lesson very difficult.

1. I saw a very long movie.2. The U.S. is a country very powerful.3. You did a job very excellent.

Rule 11. Put an adjective before, not after, a noun.

EditStudy

I am old enough to make my own decisions.He speaks English well enough to take acomposition course.

1. The little girl is enough smart to read thebook.

2. He drives well enough now to get his driver’slicense.

Rule 12. Enough follows an adjective or adverb.

EditStudy

I read English faster than you do.You cook better than your wife.

Wrong: You better cook than your wife.

1. I more quickly finished the homework thanyou did.

2. She writes English more beautifully than wedo.

Rule 14. In comparing verbs (read, cook), put the comparative adverb after theverb phrase.

EditStudy

Seattle has more rain than San Diego.I have more problems than you.

Wrong: I have problems more than you.

1. He has money more than I do.2. I have more time than you do.3. You have work more than I do.

Rule 13. In comparing nouns (rain, problems, books), put more before the noun.

EditStudy

She has a winter coat.I need a coat hanger.

1. Can I borrow your hair dryer?2. This wig is made of hair human.

Rule 15. If two nouns come together, put the specific noun before the general noun.

EditStudy

EXERCISE Find the mistakes with word order and correct them. If thesubject or verb is missing, add it. Take out any extra words. Notevery sentence has a mistake. If the sentence is correct, write C.

EXAMPLES We did at night the homework.It i

^Is necessary to have a good dictionary.

On Monday and Wednesday, the teacher is usually in her office. C

1. Came in late the student and took a seat in the back.

2. She always has problems with spelling.

3. Because she has a full-time job, she has a lot of responsibilities.

4. Is very important to know your rights.

5. I have always wanted to visit Paris.

6. Began registration on August 18.

7. I don’t like very much my biology class.

8. I found on the desk a dictionary.

9. Whenever I have a problem, I talk to my father.

10. She doesn’t know nothing about your problem.

11. There’s in my class a Japanese woman.

12. She can’t always come to class on time.

13. He usually eats cereal for breakfast.

14. Never he eats eggs for breakfast.

15. He usually is sleepy in the afternoon.

16. San Francisco a very beautiful city.

17. Are a lot of closets in my new apartment.

18. She’s almost finished with her composition. Just she has to write atitle.

19. She opened carefully the package.

20. Once in a while, Mary eats ice cream.

7

R-36 Review Lesson

Part 8: Question Formation R-37

21. I don’t speak Spanish. Only I speak English and Italian.

22. I didn’t understand nothing the teacher said.

23. After arrived the teacher, the lesson began.

24. After my brother found a job, bought a car.

25. He doesn’t want to eat for dinner chicken.

26. Came to the U.S. my father last year.

27. I don’t have no time for you today.

28. She left angrily the room.

29. At nine o’clock starts the second part of the movie.

30. Is very good the story you wrote.

31. He will probably go to Mexico for vacation.

32. I will be probably absent next week.

33. Is he enough old to drive?

34. She has a wonderful family.

35. He earns money more than his wife.

36. My parents they live in Montreal.

37. I run faster than you do.

38. Do you have a license fishing?

39. I always listen to the news on the radio.

40. I can’t quickly run.

41. There’s a good movie on TV at 6:00.

42. Always we study before a test.

PART 8: QUESTION FORMATION

A. Study Charts

Wh- Word Be Subject Be Complement

WhereWhy

Isisisn’t

in California.in Los Angeles?

in Los Angeles?in Los Angeles?

is

is

Sheshe she?sheWho

Be

Wh- Word Do/Does Subject Verb Complement

WhenWhy

Doesdoesdoesn’t

TV. TV at night?TV? TV at night?TV at night?TV at night?

watcheswatchwatchwatchwatcheswatch

Sheshe shesheWhoHow many people

Simple Present Tense

Wh- Word Did Subject Verb Complement

WhenWhy

Diddiddidn’t

a TV.a DVD?a TV?a DVD?a DVD?

boughtbuybuy buy bought

Hehe heheWho

Simple Past Tense

Main VerbWh- Word Modal Subject Modal Complement

WhenWhy

Cancancan’t

the piano.the guitar?the piano?the guitar?the guitar?

can

can

Sheshe shesheWho

Modal

playplayplayplayplay

Main verbWh- Word Aux. verb Subject Aux. verb Complement

WhatWhy

Arearearen’t

lunch.rice?

rice?rice?

are

is

Theytheythey they Who

Continuous Tense

eatingeating eating? eating eating

R-38 Review Lesson

Part 8: Question Formation R-39


How much did your book cost?Wrong: How much cost your book?

What does DVD mean?Wrong: What means DVD?

How do you spell your name?Wrong: How spell your name?

How do you say “teacher” in your language?Wrong: How say “teacher” in your

language?

do you

How^spell “Minnesota”? What does friendship mean?How much cost your trip to the U.S.?How do you spell the name of your country?How say “hello” in your language?

Rule 1. To ask about cost, spelling, and meaning, use normal question wordorder: Wh- word + do/does/did + subject + verb + complement.

EditStudy

Who came to the party?How many people came to the party?Which people came to the party?What kind of people came to the party?

Wrong: Who did come to the party?

How many students brought a dictionary today?Who did come late to the meeting?Who has my keys?Which student does have my book?

Rule 2. Don’t use do/does/did with questions about the subject.

EditStudy

EXERCISE Find the mistakes with question formation and correct them. Notevery sentence has a mistake. If the sentence is correct, write C.

didn’t you

EXAMPLES Why you didn’t call me last night?

Who called you last night? C

1. What means “invent”?

2. Who lives in the White House?

3. How do you spell your name?

4. Where I can buy a good computer?

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5. How many languages speaks your father?

6. Does the vice president lives in the White House?

7. What should I take to the party?

8. How much costs a new car?

9. How say “car” in your language?

10. When were you buy your books?

11. What kind of car your brother bought?

12. How much money do you have?

13. Where does live your teacher?

14. What time you go to bed every night?

15. Do you ever drink coffee at night?

16. Why don’t you buy a new computer?

17. How many states the U.S. has?

18. How many students in the class speak Spanish?

R-40 Review Lesson

Grammar in Context Review Lesson

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Transcript of Grammar in Context Review Lesson