Grammar 1 Vbs

8/16/2019 Grammar 1 Vbs

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Verbs: Lesson #1


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Some definitions to consider


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Definition #1:

• A verb is an action word. It shows the

action in the sentence.

Source: Sr. Mary Agatha St. !abrie"s $atho"ic Schoo" 1%&'.


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Definition #(

• A verb is the centra" unit of any sentence of

c"ause and a"" the other words in a sentence

ta)e gra**atica" for* based on how they

re"ate to it. A verb can e+,ress action -run,live, change), or states of being (is, are) or

occurrences (happen, become). Sentences

can have *ore than one verb. A c"ause is a

subunit of a sentence that has one verb.Source: /he 0rief /ho*son andboo) -sec. 23c4


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Definition #2

• A verb is a word that characteristica""y is thegra**atica" center of a ,redicate and e+,ressesan act occurrence or *ode of being that in

various "anguages is inf"ected for agree*ent withthe sub5ect for tense for voice for *ood or foras,ect and that ty,ica""y has rather fu"" descri,tive*eaning and characteri6ing 7ua"ity but isso*eti*es near"y devoid of these es,ecia""y when

used as an au+i"iary or "in)ing verb.Source: www.*erria*webster.co*

http://www.merriamwebster.com/http://www.merriamwebster.com/


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Definition #8

• A definition which wor)s is one based on structure

and function rather than *eaning. So*e structura"

and functiona" ,ro,erties of verbs are:

1. If tense is *ar)ed anywhere in the c"ause it is

*ar)ed on a verb the first verb in the verb ,hrase.

(. If as,ect is *ar)ed anywhere in the c"ause it is

*ar)ed on -and with4 a verb.

2. In the ,resent tense in a finite c"ause the first verb

in the verb ,hrase *ar)s agree*ent with the

sub5ect in ,erson and in nu*ber.


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Definition #8: continued

8. Verbs occur in two *ain subc"asses:au+i"iary and "e+ica" -*ain4 verbs. /he

order of these au+i"iaries and the *ain verbis fi+ed.

9. n"y verbs can be o,erators. An o,erator,recedes the sub5ect in a yesno 7uestion

and i**ediate"y ,recedes the negative;not< and can contract with the negative;not.<

Source: Lynn !ordon: =ng" (99 /e+tboo)


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Differences in Definitions

So*e definitions stress *eaning.

/hese definitions often "eave ,eo,"e

confused.

>hat are the actions in these sentences?

is reaction is wonderfu".

er understanding see*ed c"ear.


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So*e definitions stress structure and function.

/hese definitions ,rovide ways to test words

to see if they are verbs. /hey re7uireevidence to ,rove that words are verbs.

/hese tests can be cha""enging to "earn but

,roduce consistent"y re"iab"e resu"ts.


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@or e+a*,"e we can test the words in this sentence

to see if they can be changed into the ,ast tense.

is reaction is wonderfu".• is -hised?4

• eaction -reactioned?4

• Is -was4

• >onderfu"ed?

/est resu"t: ;Is< *ust be the verb in this sentence.


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Inf"ection and Verb @or*


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Inf"ections

• ne ,ro,erty of verbs is that they

inflect. Inflection *eans they change

for*. So "ets start by "oo)ing at whatwe *ean by the ;for*s< of the verb.


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/he 0ase @or*

• A"" =ng"ish verbs start with a ;base<

for*. /his is the for* you "oo) u, to

"earn about the verb in the dictionary. Ifyou "oo) u, one of the other for*s you

wi"" be referred bac) to the base for*.

/he base for* is a"ways uninf"ectedbecause it hasnt been changed.


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@inding the 0ase @or*

• If you arent around a dictionary you can

a"ways figure out the base for* by fi""ing in a

verb in sentences "i)e B= of these:=CAML=:I rea""y "i)e to EEEEEE -other words4.

I rea""y "i)e to swi*.

I rea""y "i)e to be -si""y4.

I rea""y "i)e to stab -the wet ground with a ,itch for)4.

/hat EEEEEEEEEfre7uent"y.

/hat ha,,ens fre7uent"y.

/hat occurs fre7uent"y.


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/he infinitive for*

• /he infinitive for* of the verb is for*edis for*ed by adding ;to< in front of the

base for*. /he infinitive for* is not aninf"ected for* of the verb since nochange ha,,ens to the actua" for* ofthe verb.

=CAML=S:

to haveF to beF to doF to i*,"yF to run


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/he s for*

• /his is the for* of the verb used to for*the third ,erson singu"ar in the ,resent

tense. In =ng"ish this is *ostco**on"y for*ed by si*,"y adding ;s<or ;es


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DictionaryHLanguage Bote:

• Most dictionaries inc"uding on"ine oneswi"" *ar) e+ce,tions to for* ru"es.

• >henever a verb for* is s"ight"ydifferent than the genera" ,attern -inother words there is an e+ce,tion to thefor* ru"e4 the verb or the for* is ca""edirregular.


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/he ing ,artici,"e for*

• /his for* is ,roduced by adding ing tothe base. Again there are so*eti*es

s,e""ing changes in the base -usua""ydro,,ed fina" ;e< or doub"ing of the fina"consonant4.

=CAML=S:

do G doingF have G havingF goGgoingFbeG beingF writeGwritingF cutG cutting.


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/he ,ast tense for*

• /his is the for* used to create the ,ast tense

of the verb. In =ng"ish *any but not a""

verbs are for*ed by adding ;d< or ;ed< to thebase for*. /here are nu*erous e+ce,tions.

And so*e verbs have two ,ast tense for*s

=CAML=S:

wa")G wa")edF goG wentF haveG hadF seeG sawF

cutG cutF re5ectG re5ected.


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More on the ,ast tense for*

/o figure out the ,ast tense for* of averb inf"ect the base for* in a sentence

with a ,ast tense adverb:=+a*,"e: Jesterday the *an EEEEEE-other words4

-s"ee,F *urderF haveF re,"yF b"ow4

Jesterday the *an s"e,t.

Jesterday the *an *urdered -his best friend4. Jesterday it EEEEEEEEEEEE .

Jesterday it ha,,ened.


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/he ast artici,"e @or*

• @or *any -but sad"y not a""4 verbs the

,ast tense for* and the ,ast ,artici,"e

for* are the sa*e for*.=CAML=S:>a")G wa")ed -,ast tense for*4Gwa")ed -,ast ,artici,"e

for*4F

un G ran -,ast tense for*4G run -,ast ,artici,"e for*4.


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So*e i*,ortant differences

/he ,ast tense for* is used by itse"f to e+,ress

the ,ast tense.I wa")ed a *i"e yesterday.

/he ,ast ,artici,"e for* is used with other verbs-ca""ed au+i"iaries4 to for* ,erfect as,ect or

,assive.I have wa")ed ten *i"es. /he dog was wa")ed by his owner .


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@iguring out the ,ast ,artici,"e

• Jou can a"ways figure out the ,ast ,artici,"eof the verb by *oving the base for* througha sentence with a for* of the au+i"iary verb;have.<

=CAML=:/he *an has EEEEEEEEEEE -other words4.

-buy4 /he *an has bought -a gift4.

-die4 /he *an has died.

/he accident has EEEEEEEEEE.

-ha,,en4 /he accident has ha,,ened.


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ne wi"d"y irregu"ar verb: 0=

Jou are going to hear a "ot about the verb

;be< -base for*4 which is so*eti*es

ca""ed the verb ;to be< -infinitive for*4./his verb is wi"d"y irregu"ar in =ng"ish

and before we go on its worth "oo)ing

at it carefu""y.


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/he for*s of ;be<

• 0ase for*: be

• Infinitive for*: to be

• ;s< for*: is• ing ,artici,"e for*: being

• ast tense for*: wasHwere -de,ending onsub5ect4

• ast ,artici,"e for*: been -,ronounced as;bin.


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=diting for Verbs

eo,"e everywhere have troub"e with verb

for*s in ,art because =ng"ish has so

*any irregu"ar verb for*s.

$o**on editing sy*bo"s for verb for*

,rob"e*s are: V vb and vb for*.


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=+ercise

• Loo) at the fo""owing sentences.

Identify ALL the verbs in these

sentences and deter*ine if the verbfor*s are correct. If not what verb for*

shou"d be used?


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Sentences

• 1. Mary had went to @"orida for vacation with herfriends.

• (. /he f"ight rea""y sha)ed her u,.

• 2. /he ,"ane dove into a s,in.

• 8. /he ,i"ot fought for contro" of the ,"ane.

• 9. /he ,assengers cryed "oud"y in their seats.

• &. /he stewardess strode towards the coc),it with a

bott"e of as,irin• K. In @"orida Mary boo)ed a return tri, via train.

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