1

Exercises on Theory of Music Model AnswersGrade 8 Book One: Musical Instruments and Score Reading

Exercise 1

(a) a group of singers in church services / 唱詩班

(b) music written for a choir / 合唱

(c) abbreviations for Soprano, Alto, Tenor and Bass / 女高音、女低音、男高音和男低音四個聲部的簡稱

(d) the highest type of female voice / 女高音

(e) female voice midway between soprano and alto / 次女高音

(f) thehighestboyʼsvoice/最高音的男童聲部

(g) the lowest female voice / 女低音

(h) a high male voice / 男高音

(i) male voice higher than a tenor / 高男高音

(j) the lowest male voice / 男低音

(k) deep bass / 深沉男低音

(l) range lies between bass and tenor / 男中音

(m) all the parts reduced to a part for piano on two staves / 縮編譜

(n) each part or voice is written on a separate stave / 開列總譜

(o) all the vocal parts with the orchestral parts reduced to a single part for piano / 聲樂總譜

Exercise 2

1. 2. 3. 4.

5. 6. 7.

Exercise 3

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Soprano

Baritone

Mezzo-soprano

Bass

Alto

Basso profondo

Tenor

2

Exercise 4

(a) an unstopped string / 空弦

(b) cello / 大提琴

(c) double bass / 低音提琴

(d) on the A string / 在 A 弦上

(e) on the G string / 在 G 弦上

(f) plucked / 撥奏

(g) the term is used after a pizzicato passage / 在撥奏之後，恢復用弓演奏

(h) down-bow / 下弓

(i) up-bow / 上弓

(j) the notes should be taken in one stroke of the bow / 幾個音要一弓拉完

(k) the rapid reiteration of a single note / 急速地反覆演奏一個音

(l) bowing two notes simultaneously / 雙音

(m) bowing three notes simultaneously / 三音同按

(n) bowing four notes simultaneously / 四音同按

(o) a sliding movement from one note to another / 滑奏。

Exercise 5

Clef  譜號 Tuned  定弦

violin 1. treble／高音 G D A E a fifth apart相距五度

viola 1. alto／中音

2. treble／高音C G D A a fifth apart

相距五度

cello1. bass／低音

2. tenor／次中音

3. treble／高音

C G D A a fifth apart相距五度

double bass 1. bass／低音

2. tenor／次中音E A D G a fouth apart

相距四度

B

w

w

w

w

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w

w

w

w

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w

w

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（記譜音高）

3

Exercise 6(a) con sordino l l with mutes 用弱音器（複數）

(b) con sordini l l with mute 用弱音器

(c) con sord. l l without mute(s) 不用弱音器（單／複數）

(d) senza sord. l l with mute(s) 用弱音器（單／複數）

(e) col legno l l in the ordinary way 按常規奏

(f) naturale l l near / on the bridge 近馬弓

(g) sul ponticello l l near / on the fingerboard 近指板弓

(h) sul tasto l l with the wood 弓桿擊弦

(i) détaché l l springing 彈跳弓

(j) martelé / martellato l l hammered 頓弓／錘弓

(k) sautillé / saltando / saltato l ldetached 分弓

Exercise 7

(a)

(b)

(c)

& c

√œb œ œb œ œ w

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∑œ œœ œœ

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4

Exercise 8

(a) harmonics (bowed strings) l l rocking the finger of the left hand 揉音／揉弦

(b) vibrato l l flute-like 笛聲似的

(c) harmonics (harp) l l sounds an 8ve higher than written 實際發音比記譜高 8 度

(d) arpeggio l l sweeping the strings with the fingers 以手指掃弦

(e) glissando (harp) l l broken chord 分解和弦

(f) guitar l l sounds an 8ve lower 實音比記譜低 8 度

(g) double-action harp l l whispering 低語地／耳語

(h) près de la table l l was developed in the early 19th century 19 世紀初創製

(i) sons étouffés l l near the sound board 靠近音板

(j) bisbigliando l l damping a string 按停琴弦／梧音

Exercise 9(a) strings, It., pl. / 弦樂組，意，複 (n) harp, Ger. / 豎琴，德

(b) harp, It. / 豎琴，意 (o) double bass, Ger. / 低音提琴，德

(c) viola, Fr. / 中提琴，法 (p) double basses, Ger., pl. / 低音提琴，德，複

(d) double bass, It. / 低音提琴，意 (q) strings, Ger., pl. / 弦樂組，德，複

(e) viola, Ger. / 中提琴，德 (r) violas, It., pl. / 中提琴，意，複

(f) violas, Ger., pl. / 中提琴，德，複 (s) violin, It. / 小提琴，意

(g) double bass, It. / 低音提琴，意 (t) violins, It., pl. / 小提琴，意，複

(h) double basses, It., pl. / 低音提琴，意，複 (u) cello, It. / 大提琴，意

(i) double bass, Fr. / 低音提琴，法 (v) cellos, It., pl. / 大提琴，意，複

(j) strings, Fr., pl. / 弦樂組，法，複 (w) violin, Ger. / 小提琴，德

(k) violin, Ger. / 小提琴，德 (x) violins, Ger., pl. / 小提琴，德，複

(l) violins, Ger., pl. / 小提琴，德，複 (y) violin, Fr. / 小提琴，法

(m) harp, Fr. / 豎琴，法 (z) cello, Ger. / 大提琴，德

Exercise 10(a) double bass (h) violin

(b) harp (i) violon

(c) Harfe (j) viola

(d) alto (k) viole

(e) Bratsche (l) cello / violoncello

(f) Geige (m) violoncelle

(g) Kontrabass

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Exercise 11(a) flute, Ger. / 長笛，德 (h) piccolo, Ger. / 短笛，德

(b) flutes, Ger. pl. / 長笛，德，複 (i) piccolo, It. / 短笛，意

(c) flute, It. / 長笛，意 (j) piccolo, Fr. / 短笛，法

(d) flute, Fr. / 長笛，法 (k) alto flute, Ger. / 中音長笛，德

(e) piccolo, It. / 短笛，意 (l) alto flute, It. / 中音長笛，意

(f) flute, Fr. / 長笛，法 (m) alto flute, Eng. / 中音長笛，英

(g) flute, Ger. / 長笛，德 (n) alto flute, Fr. / 中音長笛，法

Exercise 12(a) alto flute (g) grande flûte / grosse Flöte

(b) flute / flauto / Flöte / flûte (h) Kleine Flöte

(c) flauto contralto (i) ottavino

(d) flûte en sol (j) petite flûte

(e) flute in G (k) piccolo

(f) flauto piccolo

Exercise 13(a) oboes, It., pl. / 雙簧管，意，複 (n) clarinet, Ger. / 單簧管，德

(b) English horn, It. / 英國管，意 (o) clarinets, Ger., pl. / 單簧管，德，複

(c) clarinet, It. / 單簧管，意 (p) bass clarinet, Ger. / 低音單簧管，德

(d) clarinets, It., pl. / 單簧管，意，複 (q) bassoon, Ger. / 大管，德

(e) bass clarinet, It. / 低音單簧管，意 (r) bassoons, Ger., pl. / 大管，德，複

(f) bass clarinet, It. / 低音單簧管，意 (s) double bassoon, Ger. / 低音大管，德

(g) bassoon, It. / 大管，意 (t) clarinet, Fr. / 單簧管，法

(h) bassoons, It. pl. / 大管，意，複 (u) bass clarinet, Fr. / 低音單簧管，法

(i) double bassoon, It. / 低音大管，意 (v) bassoon, Fr. / 大管，法

(j) English horn, Ger. / 英國管，德 (w) double bassoon, Fr. / 低音大管，法

(k) English horn, Fr. / 英國管，法 (x) oboes, Ger., pl. / 雙簧管，德，複

(l) oboe, Ger. / 雙簧管，德 (y) oboes, Ger., pl. / 雙簧管，德，複

(m) oboe, Fr. / 雙簧管，法 (z) double bassoon, Eng. / 低音大管，英

Exercise 14(a) oboe (e) Englisches Horn

(b) Hoboe (f) corno inglese

(c) hautbois (g) cor anglais

(d) English horn (h) clarinet / clarinetto / clarinette

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(i) Klarinette (p) fagotto / Fagott

(j) clarinet / clarinetto / clarinette (q) double bassoon

(k) bass clarinet (r) contrabassoon

(l) clarinetto basso / clarinette basse (s) contrafagotto

(m) Bassklarinette (t) Kontrafagott

(n) bassoon / basson (u) Contrebasson

(o) fagotto / Fagott

Exercise 15

Name  名稱 Type  分類 Written range  記譜音域 Actual sound  實音發音

flute side-blown / 橫吹 as written / 同記譜

piccolo side-blown / 橫吹 8ve higher / 高 8 度

oboe double-reed / 雙簧 as written / 同記譜

English horn double-reed / 雙簧perfect 5th lower /

低純 5 度

clarinet in B b single-reed / 單簧major 2nd lower /

低大 2 度

clarinet in A single-reed / 單簧minor 3rd lower /

低小 3 度

clarinet in E b single-reed / 單簧minor 3rd higher /

高小 3 度

bass clarinet single-reed / 單簧major 9th lower /

低大 9 度

bassoon double-reed / 雙簧 as written / 同記譜

double bassoon double-reed / 雙簧 8ve lower / 低 8 度

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Exercise 16

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)

(f)

Exercise 17

(a) transposing / 移調

(b) reed; clarinet; saxophone; oboe; cor anglais; bassoon / 簧片；單簧管；薩克斯管；雙簧管；英國管；大管

(c) recorder; small recorder; flauto traverso / 豎笛；小豎笛；橫笛

(d) major 9th; major 2nd / 大 9 度；大 2 度

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8

Exercise 18

(a) stopped notes l l (Fr.) stopped notes, short for sons bouchés. （法）阻塞音，sons bouchés 的縮寫。

(b) open notes l l In horn playing, the insertion of a hand into the bell of the horn to alter tone-quality of notes. 在圓號的演奏中，將手插入號口來改變音符的音質。

(c) cuivré l l Indicates a return to normal playing after playing stopped notes. 指在演奏阻塞音之後，恢復一般的正常演奏法。

(d) bouchés l l (Fr.)Instruction to a brass player (especially of the horn) to blow the note(s) with attack or force, producing a particularly "brassy" blaring tone-quality.

銅聲。指在銅管樂器（特別是圓號）的演奏上，強奏時產生的一種

金屬的鏗鏘聲。

(e) gestopft l l (Ger.) stopped notes. （德）阻塞音。

(f) chiuso l l (Ger.) flutter-tonguing. （德）滾吹。

(g) Flatterzunge / Flzg l l the sign for stopped notes. 阻塞音的記號。

(h) " + " l l (It.) stopped notes. （意）阻塞音。

(i) " º " l l the sign for open notes. 開放音的記號。

Exercise 19

Instrument  樂器 Clef  譜號 Written range  記譜音域 Actual sound  實際發音

tenor trombone／次中音長號

bass / tenor低音／次中音

as written 同記譜

horn in F／F 調圓號treble / bass高音／低音

perfect 5th lower低純 5 度

trumpet in B b／

B b 調小號treble / 高音

major 2nd lower／低大 2 度

tuba / 大號 bass / 低音 as written 同記譜

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9

Exercise 20(a) horn, It. / 圓號，意 (h) trumpets, Ger., pl. / 小號，德，複

(b) horns, It., pl. / 圓號，意，複 (i) trombone, Ger. / 長號，德

(c) trumpet, It. / 小號，意 (j) trombones, Ger., pl. / 長號，德，複

(d) trumpets, It., pl. / 小號，意，複 (k) horn, Fr. / 圓號，法

(e) trombones, It., pl. / 長號，意，複 (l) trumpet, Fr. / 小號，法

(f) horns, Ger., pl. / 圓號，德，複 (m) horn, Eng. / 圓號，英

(g) trumpet, Ger. / 小號，德

Exercise 21(a) horn (k) trombone

(b) French horn (l) trombone

(c) corno (m) trombone

(d) horn (n) tromboni

(e) Hörner (o) Posaune

(f) trumpet / tromba / Trompete (p) tuba

(g) trombe (q) Basstuba

(h) trumpet

(i) Trompete / trompette

(j) trompette

Exercise 22

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)

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10

Exercise 23(a) definite pitch; xylophone; glockenspiel; tubular bells; indefinite pitch; side(snare) drum; tenor drum; tambourine;

cymbals; gong; tam-tam; castanets; triangle / 有確定音高；木琴；鐘琴；管鐘；無確定音高；小鼓；中鼓；鈴鼓；鈸；鑼；平鑼；響板；三角鐵

(b) tonic; dominant / 主音；屬音

(c) roll / 滾奏

(d) the note G; from A to B / G 音；從 A 音調至 B 音

(e) an octave lower; two octaves lower / 低一個八度；低兩個八度

Exercise 24(a) kettle drums, It. / 定音鼓，意 (k) cymbals, It. / 鈸，意

(b) kettle drums, Ger. / 定音鼓，德 (l) castanets, It. / 響板，意

(c) kettle drums, Fr. / 定音鼓，法 (m) triangle, It. / 三角鐵，意

(d) side drum, Eng. / 小鼓，英 (n) tambourine, It. / 鈴鼓，意

(e) side drum, It. / 小鼓，意 (o) tubular bells, It. / 管鐘，意

(f) side drum, It. / 小鼓，意 (p) glockenspiel, It. / 鐘琴，意

(g) tenor drum, It. / 中鼓，意 (q) xylophone, It. / 木琴，意

(h) bass drum, It. / 大鼓，意 (r) xylophone, It. / 木琴，意

(i) bass drum, It. / 大鼓，意 (s) bass drum, Ger. / 大鼓，德

(j) cymbals, It. / 鈸，意 (t) bass drum, Fr. / 大鼓，法

Exercise 25(a) kettle drums (k) bass drum

(b) timpani (l) cassa

(c) Pauken (m) gran cassa

(d) timbales (n) grosse Trommel

(e) side drum / snare drum (o) grosse caisse

(f) snare drum (p) piatti

(g) tamburo piccolo (q) cinelli

(h) tamburo militare (r) castanets / castagnette / castagnettes

(i) tenor drum (s) tam-tam

(j) cassa rullante (t) triangle / triangolo

Exercise 26(a) depress the soft (left) pedal / 踩下弱音（左邊的）踏板

(b) release the soft (left) pedal / 放開弱音（左邊的）踏板

(c) left hand / 左手

(d) right hand / 右手

(e) with the pedal / 使用踏板

(f) without pedal / 不用踏板

(g) depress and release the sustaining (right) pedal / 踩下及放開延音（右邊的）踏板

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Exercise 27(a) an octave lower / 低一個八度

(b) manual; pedal-board / 手鍵盤；腳鍵盤

(c) manuals; pedal-board; manuals; three; manuals; pedal-board / 手鍵盤；腳鍵盤；手鍵盤；三；手鍵盤；腳鍵盤

Exercise 28

Instrument樂器

Iowest note (actual sound)最低的音（實際音高）

Instrument樂器

Iowest note (actual sound)最低的音（實際音高）

1. Piccolo

2. Flute

3. Oboe

4. Violin

5. Cor anglais

6. Trumpet

7. Clarinet

8. Viola

9. Tenor trombone

10. Bass clarinet

11. Bass trombone

12. Cello

13. Horn

14. Bassoon

15. Double bass

16. Tuba

17. Harp

18. Double bassoon ?

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12

Exercise 29

(a) trio 三重奏 l l three players 三個演奏者

(b) string trio 弦樂三重奏 l l voilin + viola + cello 小提琴＋中提琴＋大提琴

(c) piano trio 鋼琴三重奏 l l eight players 八個演奏者

(d) octet 八重奏 l l piano + violin + cello 鋼琴＋小提琴＋大提琴

(e) septet 七重奏 l l seven players 七個演奏者

(f) quartet 四重奏 l l oboe + string trio 雙簧管＋弦樂三重奏

(g) string quartet 弦樂四重奏 l l four players 四位演奏者

(h) piano quartet 鋼琴四重奏 l l two violins + viola + cello 兩把小提琴＋中提琴＋大提琴

(i) oboe quartet 雙簧管四重奏 l l piano + string trio 鋼琴＋弦樂三重奏

(j) quintet 五重奏 l l clarinet + string quartet 單簧管＋弦樂四重奏

(k) clarinet quintet 單簧管五重奏 l l piano + string quartet 鋼琴＋弦樂四重奏

(l) piano quintet 鋼琴五重奏 l l five players 五個演奏者

(m) wind quintet 木管五重奏 l l six players 六個演奏者

(n) sextet 六重奏 l l flute + oboe + clarinet + bassoon + horn 長笛＋雙簧管＋單簧管＋大管＋圓號

Exercise 30

(a) divided／分奏

(b) in unison／齊奏（同度或八度）

(c) two instruments are to play the same note(s) in unison／兩件樂器同度齊奏

(d) only the first player should play／只由第一位演奏者演奏

(e) only the second player should play／只由第二位演奏者演奏

(f) only one player for each part／每一聲部只用一位演奏者

(g) a chamber work written for a group of four string instruments／為四件弦樂器寫成的室樂

(h) made up of four sections of instruments: strings + woodwind + brass + percussion／

由四組樂器組成：弦樂＋木管＋銅管＋敲擊樂器

(i) an orchestra made up entirely of string instruments／全部由弦樂器組成的樂隊

(j) brass instruments + percussion instruments／銅管樂器＋敲擊樂器

(k) brass instruments + woodwind instruments + percussion instruments／銅管樂器＋木管樂器＋敲擊樂器

(l) all the staves of music for all the performers／包含所有聲部的樂譜

13

Exercise 31Table 1 圖表一

Die Meistersinger von Nürnberg by R. Wagner (1862-7)《紐倫堡的名歌手》華格納 (1862-7)

Instruments listed in score總譜中列出的樂器

English / Chinese英文／中文

Italian意大利文

Kleine Flöte piccolo / 短笛 flauto piccolo

2 Große Flöten 2 flutes / 2 長笛 2 flauti

2 Hoboen 2 oboes / 2 雙簧管 2 oboi

2 Klarinetten in B 2 clarinets in Bb / 2 Bb 調單簧管 2 clarinetti in si b

2 Fagotte 2 bassoons / 2 大管 2 fagotti

4 Hörner in F 4 horns in F / 4 F 調圓號 4 corni in fa

3 Trompeten 3 trumpets / 3 小號 3 trombe

1. u 2. in F 1. and 2. in F / 1. 和 2. F 調 1. e 2. in fa

3. in C 3. in C / 3. C 調 3. in do

3 Posaunen 3 trombones / 3 長號 3 tromboni

Baßtuba tuba / 大號 tuba

Pauken in C u G timpani / kettle drums in C and GC 和 G 定音鼓

timpani in do e sol

Triangel triangle / 三角鐵 triangolo

Becken cymbals / 鈸 piatti

Harfe harp / 豎琴 arpa

1. Violinen violins I / 小提琴 I violini I

2. Violinen violins II / 小提琴 II violini II

Bratschen violas / 中提琴 viole

Violoncelle cellos / 大提琴 violoncelli

Kontrabässe double basses / 低音提琴 contrabassi

14

Boléro by Maurice Ravel (1928) 《波雷羅》拉威爾 (1928)

Instruments listed in score總譜中列出的樂器

English / Chinese英文／中文

Italian意大利文

2 Grandes Flûtes 2 flutes / 2 長笛 2 flauti

Petite Flûte piccolo / 短笛 flauto piccolo

2 Hautbois 2 oboes / 2 雙簧管 2 oboi

Cor anglais English horn / 英國管 corno inglese

Petite Clarinettes en Mi b

small clarinet in Eb

Eb 調小單簧管clarinetto piccolo in mi b

2 Clarinettes en Si b 2 clarinets in Bb / 2 Bb 調單簧管 2 clarinetti in si b

Clarinette basse en Si b bass clarinet in Bb / Bb 調低音單簧管 clarinetto basso in si b

2 Bassons 2 bassoons / 2 大管 2 fagotti

Contrebasson double bassoon / 低音大管 contrafagotto

4 Cors en Fa 4 horns in F / 4 F 調圓號 4 corni in fa

Petite Trompette en Ré small trumpet in D / D 調小小號 tromba piccolo in re

3 Trompettes en Ut 3 trumpets in C / 3 C 調小號 3 trombe in do

3 Trombones 3 trombones / 3 長號 3 tromboni

Tuba tuba / 大號 tuba

3 Saxophones 3 saxophones / 3 薩克斯管 3 sassofoni

3 Timbales 3 timpani / kettle drums / 3 定音鼓 3 timpani

2 Tambours 2 drums / 2 鼓 2 tamburi

Cymbales cymbals / 鈸 piatti

Tam-Tam tam-tam / 平鑼 tam-tam

Célesta celesta / 鋼片琴 celesta

Harpe harp / 豎琴 arpa

1ers Violons violins I / 小提琴 I violini I

2ds Violons violins II / 小提琴 II violini II

Altos violas / 中提琴 viole

Violoncelles cellos / 大提琴 violoncelli

Contrebasses double basses / 低音提琴 contrabassi

Table 2 圖表二