Recognizing Rights in Real Time: The Role of Google in the EU Right to Be Forgotten

/

Edward Lee Professor of Law, IIT Chicago-Kent College of Law. Founder, The Free Internet Project.

Teaches international intellectual property law, copyright law, and trademark law.

I. II. III. IV. V. VI.

(RTBF) • right to be forgotten, aka “RTBF”

• 2014 5 13Google [1] 5 29 Google

Webform [2] GoogleGoogle

·

• 2014 50·

[4]

[from wikipedia]

•

(private administrative agency ) —(public right)

• (mixed administration)(co-regulation) (global administrative

law) (theory of bureaucracy )Coase Theorem

• (democratic accountability)

(

• (hybrid agency)

•

(public-private partnership) (global governance)

I. II. III. IV. V. VI.

• 2014 Google Spain SL v. Agencia Española de Protección de

Datos ( AEPD)

• Mario Costeja González 16

(of no relevance)

• 5 13 1995 (1995 EU Data Protection Directive )

( inadequate, irrelevant or excessive in relation to the purposes of the processing )

• RTBF Mario Costeja RTBF case-by-case

I. RTBF II. RTBF III. IV. V. RTBF VI.

( )• vs vs

• “[Google] didn’t ask to be the decision maker.” —Eric Schmidt, Google Chairman.

• (Advisory Council) webform

160,000 58%

• (Transparency Report)29 (EU Article

29 Working Party’s) (implement) RTBF

I. RTBF II. RTBF III. IV. V. RTBF VI.

( )• RTBF —

( RTBF)

• RTBF(develop) (define)

• 29

I. RTBF II. RTBF III. IV. V. RTBF VI.

Part I RTBF• (defining)

(implement) RTBF

• A. 1995 (1995 EU Data Protection Directive ) 1. 2. B.Costeja C.Costeja

I. RTBFII. RTBF III. IV. V. RTBF VI.

Part I RTBFA. 1995 (1995 EU Data Protection Directive ) A-1.

• 1995

•

(fairly and lawfully)(incompatible)

I. RTBFII. RTBF III. IV. V. RTBF VI.

Part I RTBFA-1

• (RTBF) — (accurate)(necessary) (inaccurate) (incomplete)

(erased or rectified) — Costeja

• Costeja (controller) —(erasure) (rectification) (blocking)

A-2.

• 1995 (1995 EU Data Protection Directive )

• 1995 23,500 2005 6 20081.6 2012 6 —

“the Internet never forgets.”

I. RTBFII. RTBF III. IV. V. RTBF VI.

Part I RTBFB. Costeja

• Costeja (AEPD)

• AEPD Costeja

()

2014 5

I. RTBFII. RTBF III. IV. V. RTBF VI.

Part I RTBFB.Costeja

CJEU

• — (publisher)

• RTBF

RTBF

• — (decisive role in the dissemination)

•(personal profile)

I. RTBFII. RTBF III. IV. V. RTBF VI.

Part I RTBFC. Costeja

• CJEU

• case-by-case RTBF

I. RTBFII. RTBF III. IV. V. RTBF VI.

Part II RTBF • Costeja RTBF

Part II

• A A-1. A-2. RTBF A-3. (Transparency Report of RTBF Requests) A-4. RTBF A-5.29 (Article 29 Working Party)

• B RTBF — Costeja B-1. B-2. B-3.

I. RTBFII. RTBFIII. IV. V. RTBF VI.

Part II RTBF • A-1.

• (case-by-case basis)

(Data Protection Authority , “DPA”)

• Eric Schmidt “[Google]“didn’t ask to be the decision maker ”

I. RTBFII. RTBFIII. IV. V. RTBF VI.

Part II RTBF • A-2. RTBF

I. RTBFII. RTBFIII. IV. V. RTBF VI.

Part II RTBF • A-3

I. RTBFII. RTBFIII. IV. V. RTBF VI.

Part II RTBF • A-4. RTBF

• Eric Schmidt (Chief Legal Officer) David Drummond

youtube

• 2015 6 (1) (2) — (3)

(4)

I. RTBFII. RTBFIII. IV. V. RTBF VI.

Part II RTBF • A-5. 29 (Working Party, WP)

• 2014 WP BingRTBF WP

I. RTBFII. RTBFIII. IV. V. RTBF VI.

Part II RTBF • B RTBF — Costeja

B-1. (WP) (PDAs)

• WP RTBF 2014 72014 11 WP

RTBF guideline

• (PDA) RTBFRTBF PDA

• B-2.

I. RTBFII. RTBFIII. IV. V. RTBF VI.

Part II RTBF • B-3.

• RTBF 2012(European Commission) (EU General Data Protection Regulation ,aka “GDPR”) 17

(Right to be forgotten and to erasure) GDPR

• 17 (a)(b) (a)

(c) 19 (d)

• 17 RTBF (a) 80 (b) 81(public health) (c) 83

(d)

I. RTBFII. RTBFIII. IV. V. RTBF VI.

Part III • Part3 (Weber's bureaucracy theory)

(Coase Theorem) (private administrative agency)

• A. B. C.

I. RTBFII. RTBF III.IV. V. RTBF VI.

Part III • A. —

(administrative state)—

• A-1. A-2 a. b. c. d.

I. RTBFII. RTBF III.IV. V. RTBF VI.

• A-1. —

• (administrative agency) agency

•

•

•

I. RTBFII. RTBF III.IV. V. RTBF VI.

Part III

• A-2 — (Public Functions) —a. (Rules, Interpretations, and Guidance )

•

(gap)

• (Administrative Procedure Act ,“APA”) (public notice) (public

comment )

•

(“soft law”)(strong recommendatory power) ”carry

considerable weight “ (quasi-regulatory agencies)

I. RTBFII. RTBF III.IV. V. RTBF VI.

Part III

• A-2 — (Public Functions) —b.

•

(Equal Employment Opportunity Commission ,aka ”EEOC” ) —

Securities Exchange Commission , aka “SEC”)— (Federal Bureau Investigation,

aka “FBI”)— IRS

•

•

I. RTBFII. RTBF III.IV. V. RTBF VI.

Part III

• A-2 — — c.

• (develop)

•

•

I. RTBFII. RTBF III.IV. V. RTBF VI.

Part III

• A-2 —— d.

•

•

•

(Office for Harmonization in the Internal Market, aka “OHIM”)(Community Plant Variety Office ,aka “CPVO”)

(European Aviation Safety Agency, aka “EASA”)

I. RTBFII. RTBF III.IV. V. RTBF VI.

Part III

B.

• B-1

• B-2

• B-3

• B-4

I. RTBFII. RTBF III.IV. V. RTBF VI.

Part III

B.1 —

• (agency)

• (Public) (1) (2)

• NGO

• (1) (2)

I. RTBFII. RTBF III.IV. V. RTBF VI.

Part III

B.2 –

• (Max Weber)

•

• 1 2 3

I. RTBFII. RTBF III.IV. V. RTBF VI.

Part III

B.2 –

•

•

I. RTBFII. RTBF III.IV. V. RTBF VI.

Part III

B.3 –

• Ronald Coase

• (transaction cost)

•

in-house (

•

I. RTBFII. RTBF III.IV. V. RTBF VI.

Part III

B.4 —

•

• 2000 Jody Freeman Freeman

...

•

“ ”Freeman (aggregate

accountability)

I. RTBFII. RTBF III.IV. V. RTBF VI.

Part III

B.4 — ( )

•

(co-regulation) —

•

I. RTBFII. RTBF III.IV. V. RTBF VI.

Part III

• C-1. –

•

• 1960s (DARPA)ARPANET DARPA

(NSF) NSFIBM

1995 NSF

I. RTBFII. RTBF III.IV. V. RTBF VI.

Part III

• C-1. –

• (laissez faire)

• (NSF)

• Clinton

I. RTBFII. RTBF III.IV. V. RTBF VI.

Part III

C-2. – ICANN

• 1997 Clinton ICANN (Internet Corporation of Assigned Names and Numbers)

(DNS)

•

•

ICANN ICANN

I. RTBFII. RTBF III.IV. V. RTBF VI.

Part III

Part IV • Part IV RTBF

• A. B. 1. 2. 3. 4. RTBF

I. RTBFII. RTBF III. IV.V. RTBF VI.

• A.

• $365.46B 40 70 46,170DC

/

• 28 DPA(RTBF

• RTBF2016

RTBF RTBF

• RTBF

I. RTBFII. RTBF III. IV.V. RTBF VI.

Part IV

• B. —1.

• RTBF RTBF

•

RTBF

•

I. RTBFII. RTBF III. IV.V. RTBF VI.

Part IV

B. —2.

• (2015) 356,012 RTBF1,261,476 RTBF

B. —3.

• Costeja (1) RTBF webform RTBF (2) RTBF

(CLO) (3) RTBF

• 41 RTBFRTBF RTBF

I. RTBFII. RTBF III. IV.V. RTBF VI.

Part IV

• B. —4. RTBF

• RTBF

RTBF

• RTBF

•

I. RTBFII. RTBF III. IV.V. RTBF VI.

Part IV

Part V RTBFA. 1. 2. 3. —

B. 1. 2. - (Notice-and-Takedown) 3. 4. 5.

I. RTBFII. RTBF III. IV. V. RTBFVI.

Part V RTBFA-1 —

•

• / RTBF

A-2.

• RTBFDPA

•

RTBF RTBF

• (General Privacy Counsel) Peter Fleischer

I. RTBFII. RTBF III. IV. V. RTBFVI.

Part V RTBF• A-3 —

• RTBFwebform

• emailURL

......

•

case second review)

I. RTBFII. RTBF III. IV. V. RTBFVI.

Part V RTBF• A-3 —

• RTBF

— (GDPR)(2015)

• RTBF case-by-case case

I. RTBFII. RTBF III. IV. V. RTBFVI.

Part V RTBFB-1. —

• $365.46 B 46,170 PDA

• RTBFRTBF 1 6

B-2. — - (Notice-and-Takedown)

•

(DMCA) ISP DMCAISP RTBF

Youtube) 2015 2 9 8,107,272 URLs

I. RTBFII. RTBF III. IV. V. RTBFVI.

Part V RTBFB-3. —

•

(GA)

B-4. —

• 500

B-5.

•

• RTBF RTBF

RTBF RTBF

I. RTBFII. RTBF III. IV. V. RTBFVI.

Part VI • RTBF Part VI

(i) (ii)

( )

• RTBF

• A. - B. C. RTBF 1. / 2. 3.

I. RTBFII. RTBF III. IV. V. RTBF VI.

• A. -

• - (public-private partnerships, aka. PPP)

• PPP PPP (Collaborative PPP theory)

• HealthCare.gov 33

I. RTBFII. RTBF III. IV. V. RTBF VI.

Part VI

B.

•

• (1) RTBF (Third- Pair-of-Eyes Review)

• (2) RTBF —

a. RTBF b. c. d.

I. RTBFII. RTBF III. IV. V. RTBF VI.

Part VI

• (1) RTBF (Third- Pair-of-Eyes Review)— RTBFBing

I. RTBFII. RTBF III. IV. V. RTBF VI.

Part VI

(2) RTBF

• ( i) RTBF (ii)

• 29 (WP)RTBF

RTBF

• a. RTBF —

Bing

I. RTBFII. RTBF III. IV. V. RTBF VI.

Part VI

(2) RTBF —b.

• RTBF

•

I. RTBFII. RTBF III. IV. V. RTBF VI.

Part VI

(2) RTBF —c.

• —

•

• d. — RTBF

I. RTBFII. RTBF III. IV. V. RTBF VI.

Part VI

• C-1. RTBF – /

•

• -RTBF

I. RTBFII. RTBF III. IV. V. RTBF VI.

Part VI

• C-2. RTBF —

•

RTBF

•

• RTBF

I. RTBFII. RTBF III. IV. V. RTBF VI.

Part VI

• C-3.

•

•

• RTBF

I. RTBFII. RTBF III. IV. V. RTBF VI.

Part VI

• RTBF

•

• RTBF

RTBFRTBF

• -RTBF