Global Politics

Global + Politics = Global Politics

Representative Fields by Globally Field of Politics

State Government Non-government Organization

MAN IS BY NATURE A POLITICAL ANIMAL.

ARISTOTLE

အ အအအအအအအအအအ ႏ�ႏ��ငင��အမ��အစမ ငင�ႏ�အစ��ရပ�ႏ�စ� အ အ အ အအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအ အအအအအအအအအ အအအအအအ အအအ ကမၻ႕ငင��မတြ�ငင�အၾကမ�ဖငင�အဖငင�ႏ� ငင��အမ��အစ (၄) အအအအမ��သရ�ႏ�သ

ည�။ ၁။ သမၼ�စနစ� ကငင�!ႏ"�ႏ�သည�ႏ� ငင�� အအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအ အအအ အအအအအအအ၂။ စည�မဥ�ခ�ဘ�ရငင'နစကစ)ငင�!ႏ"�ႏ�သည�ႏ� ငင�� ၃။ တြကန �ႏ+မ,နစ�ငင�� ၄။ သက�ဥဆ�ပ�� ငဘငင0ငဘ1ရငင'နစ�

အ အအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအ အအအအအအအအ ၎ငင��မက��ထပ4�ခြျခ6ႏ+ခစ���ႏ+ဖရနမ4� - ၁။ ဒ9မ��ကရက: စ� အစ��ရ အ အအအအအ၂။ အဏရ�ငင�အစ��ရ

အအအအအ ဟေ=>ႏသ အစ��ရပ�ႏ�စ� (၂) အအအအအအအ အ အအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအ အအအအ အအအအအ မ��တြ�ငင�မညသ@ည�ႏ�အစ��ရပ�ႏ�စ�ႏ+ဖစ"နည�ဆ��သညသAငင�ႏ+ဖစ"ငဘည�။

အအအအအအအအအအအ အအအအ ဒ9မ��ကရက: ငဘစBစ��ရတြ�ငင�အ�ပC�ပ4စနစ� (၂) မ��ရ� �သည�။ ၁။ သမၼ� စနစ� အအအအ ၂။ ပလ9မန �စနစ� ဟေ=၍

ႏ+ဖစ"ငဘည�။

Legitimate Forms Corrupt Forms

Who governs Rule in the interest of all Rule in the interest of Selves

One Monarchy Tyranny

Few Aristocracy Oligarchy

Many Polity Democracy

Government

• The governing body of a state.• The System by which a state or community is

governed.

အစ��ရပ�ႏ�စ�(၆) မ��ရ� �သည�။• Monarchy အအအ အအအအအအအအအ အအအအ အအအအအအအအအအအအအအသက�ဥဆ�ပ��ငင�ဘ�ရငဘငင:စ�ဥ�ည�ကအ�ပC�ပ�ႏ+ခငင�• Aristocracy အ အ အအအအအအအအအအ အအအအအ သ=>ႏကငင�မ��၊အထက: န �လ�စ'1က

အ�ပC�ပ�ႏ+ခငင�• Polity အအအအအအအအအအအအအအအသ�အမ���ႏ+ပ�ႏ+ပ9 စည�စနစကစBရအ�ပC�ပ�ႏ+ခငင�• Tyranny အအအအအအအအအအအအအ အအ အ အအအအအအ အအအအ အဏရ�ငင�၊မငင�ဆ��မငင�ညစ��စ�ဥ�ည�က

အ�ပC�ပ�ႏ+ခငင�• Oligarchy အအအအအအအအအအအ အအအအအကငင�ႏIက� လ=နည�စ�အ�ပ'�1သစနစ�• Democracy အအအအအအအအအအအအ အအအအႏ+ပညသ@J႔က��ယစ'ပ�အ�ပC�ပ�>ႏရစနစ�

အအအအအ အအအအအအအအအအ အစ��ရ၏ခက4ၾက9သ�ႏ�ဖ (သ��႔) မ႑��ငငOက9သ�ႏ�ရပ�

အေျအေျအေျ အေျအေျအေျအေျအေျအေျအေျအေျအေျအေျအေျအေျအေျအေျအေျ အေျ အေျအေျ အေျအေျ အေျအေျအေျအေျအေျဒ��မ��ကေ�ရစ�အစ��ရ၏ကေအ� ခခ�ဖြ��႕စည�ပ���အရအဏဖြခ�ကေ�ဝ အေျအေျအေျအေျအေျအေျအေျအေျအေျအေျ သ���ဖြစ�မမ႑��ငၾ��� (၃) …ရပ���� ။

၁။ ဥကေပဒ#ပ�ကေ�ရ Legislature ၂။ အ�ပ%&�ပ�ကေ�ရ Executive ၃�။ တရစ�ရငၾ�ကေ�ရ Judiciary

အ အအအ အအအအအအအအအအ အအအအအအအအစ��ရ�စPပ�၏အဓ�ကလ�ပ�န ��ဝနမ4

• အအအအအအအအအအအအ အအအအအ အအ�ရ>ဥ>ပဒစ��မ��ရ၊မ�>�ရ• အ အအအ အအအအအအအႏ+ပညတြညသTငင�ငင�မ�ခမ�ရ၊�ည�ႏ+ငင�မ�>ႏရ• ႏ�ႏ��ငင��>ႏ� ကတြကယစ�>ႏရ• >အ>တြထတြထလ=မသက" ခငငC�>ႏရ• အအအအအအအအအအအအအတြလ�U ပ�>ႏရက��ထ�န �သ�မ�ရ• အအအအအအအအအအအ>အႏ+ခခ�လ=႕အခြခငင�>ႏBရမရ�ႏ�ငင�>ႏရ

အခ�ပBWXခအဏ(Sovereignty)

အခ�ပBWXခအဏ(၂) မ��- Internal Sovereignty-External Sovereignty

• အအအအအအအအအအ အ အအ အအအအအအအအအအအ အအအအအအအအအအအအအ အအ အႏ�ႏ��ငင��>ႏ�သည� ႏ+ပညတြညသTငင�မ�အ+မငင�!ႏY�ႏ�အတြထဋအ[ ထ�ပBဏပ��ငင�ႏ+ဖစ�ႏ+ပ9၎၏န အအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအ အ အ အအအအ အအအအ အအအအအအ အအအအအ ယစ�>ႏႏ+မအတြ�ငင�မ�ရ�>ႏ�သလ=ပ�ဂလ: စ�ဥခငင�ငင�ႏ�အသငင�အခြျဖ6႕မ>အပၚမ�

အအအ အအအအ အအအအအအအအအအအအအအ အ အအအအအအ အ>ဥပဒ^ပ�ခြခငင�ႏ�ငင�ႏ�ဥ>ပဒက��လ��က_စ+ခငင�ဩဇအဏ။

• အ အအအအအ အအအ အအအ အ အအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအ အအအအအအအအ အအ အအ အအအအအအအ အအ အအအ ႏ+ပညသAထ�န �ခ�ပ4မမ�ကငင�တြလ��ႏ+ပ9အမ��သရငင�ႏ� ငင���က>အရက�စ>bတြ�မ� အ အအအအအအအအအက��ယစI�cငဘငငY�ႏ�ဖ�CကCငင� >ႏသအခြခငင�!ႏBဏငင�ႏ�အခြခငင�>ႏBရ

State Apparatus;

1.Political Executive & Government

2.Parliament3. Judiciary4.Bureaucracy5.Military6.Police7.Local & Regional Institution…

အ�ပC�ပ�>ႏရ (Executive)• Government• Bureaucracy

The Political Executive

The Bureaucratic or Official Executive+

(Civil Servants in Administrations)

အအသမၼ� မ� ဒ�ဝနမOက9အဆငင�ႏ�ထ�

(Politicians in Politics)

အအ အအအအအအအအအအအအ အ အ အအအ အအညနၾနမOကရမ�,ခ�ပ�မ�ဒ�ဥစ9မ�,အဆငင�ႏ�ထ�

Sovereignty

• Internal Sovereignty• External Sovereignty

• Organ of State + International Recognition• State is the perfect organ in field of IR.• TAIWAN• PALISTINE• EAST TAIMAW

What is Global Politics

• Studying to World Politics• Studying to International Politics• Studying to International Relation among

States

Thus, Global Politics is the studying be globally to politics.

Field Studying of Global Politics

Issue areas

Diplomacy, War, Trade Relations, Alliances, Cultural

exchanges, Participation in international organization.

Conflict and Cooperation in relationship among states

concerning issue areas.

International Security

Question of War and Peace.

International Political Economy

Global Politicswith related fields for observe.

1. Modern International History

2. Political Science

3. International Organizations

4. International Economy

5. International Law

6. International Constitutions

7. Geopolitics

Significant of Global Politics

From international politics to Global Politics

New actors on the world stage increase interdependence and interconnectedness the trend towards global governance

• Increasing interdependence of Global Society.• Improved transnational Communication Network.• Global Economy is more interdependent. (Trade,

global financial Market)

a condition of ‘complex interdependence’, in which states are drawn into cooperation and integration by forces such as closer trading and other economic relationships.

Aim of Cooperation- among States.

1) Regulation of international relations primarily through techniques of peaceful settlement of dispute among nation or states.

2) Minimization or at the least, control of international conflict and war.

3) Promotion of cooperation, developmental activities among nation- state for the social and economic benefit of certain regions or of humankind in general.

4) Collective defense of a group of nation-states against external threat.

International Relation

Instrument of External Relation

Diplomacy – instrument of Foreign Policy

a process of negotiation and communication between states to resolve conflict without recourse to war.

1) Foreign Ministry

2) Embassy

3) Non-government Orgainzation

International Relations & Diplomacy

International Relations

State, President, General, Diplomat, Minister, Society, Individual

Foreign Minister Offices &

Embassy

Diplomacy

International Relation

• Study of Foreign affairs and Global Issues among states

• Study of Global Politics• Actors

–States– IGOs–NGOs–MNCs

In Cold War Period,

West Bloc East Bloc

Power Concept, Power Usage, Types of Power

Types of Power

• Diplomatic Power• State Power• Personal Power

Diplomatic Power

State Power• Hard Power• Soft Power• Smart Power

1. Regional Power2. Middle Power3. Grate Power4. Super Power5. Hyper Power

Personal Power Political Power (Winston Carchi) Charismatic Power (Gandhi) Positional Power (Hitler)

Smart Power

Hard Power refers to coercive tactics; the threat or use of armed forces, economics pressure or sanctions, assassination.

Soft Power includes diplomacy, dissemination of information, Propaganda and Cultural Programming to achieve political end.

Hard Power

Soft Power

The ability to obtain what you want through cooperation and attraction rather Hard & Soft.

Super Power ( Great Power + Mobility of Power )

- မဟေအငငBတြလန �ငင��- အအ အအအအ အအအအအအအအအအအအအ အအအအအ အ အ အ အအအအအအအအအအစစ�>ႏအခ�B Xပ9>အမရ�ကနမ:စ�ငင���ည�သဤအဆငင�ခြ!ႏ:ငရငငP�ႏ�- အ အအအအအအအအအအအ အ အအအအအအအအ အအအအအအ အ အ အအအအ အအအအအအ အ ယစခငင� သမ��ငင�တြ�ငင��ရ� �B ငငIယစ၊ပရ�ငင�အငငIယစ၊ >ႏရပအငငIယစ၊

အအအအအအအအ အအအ ႏ+ဗ���သ�အငငIယစ���႔ရခ6�ဖ=သည�။

- ယစခငင� >အမရ�ကန �၊ ဆ��ဗ9ယစကi Jန9ယစ�၊ ႏ+ဗ���သ� ���႔ ပ�� ငဘငငY�ငဘ1ငငjJသည�။- အ အ အ အအအအအအအ အ အအအအအအအယစခ� �ရ� ��ႏ+ပညသ@J႕သမၼ�ငင��သည�ဤအဆငင�!ႏ"�ငရ1႔ >ႏရကP�ႏ�

လသည�။- အအ အအအအ အအ အ အအအအအအအအအ အအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအအ အ အအအအအ>ဤနရတြ�ငင�>အမရ�ကန ��စYငင�!ႏ:ငရkက" ပ9ကန �ငင��မအဆငင�!ႏ)

အ အအအအအအအအအအအအအအအ အအအအအ အ အ အ အအအအအအအ အအအအအအ အအအ တြသ၍�ရ� �: စ�ငင���ည�သဤအဆငင�ခြ!ႏ:ငရငငP�>ႏ�နသည�။

Hyper Power

Regional Power

- အ အအအအအအအအအအအအအ အအအအအအအအအအ အသမ��ငင�ၾကငင�အရ ငင��>ႏရအငငB�ငင�!ႏ:ငင�မ၊ယစဥ�>ႏကမငင�ႏ�စ9ခြပရဩ အ အ အ အအအအအအအ အ အအအအအအအအအ အ အ အအအဇၾက9သ ငင��မက��ဤအဆငင�ခြ!ႏ:ငင�ထည�ခြ!ႏ"ငင�ၾကသည�။

- အအအအအအအအအ ႏ+ပငင"စ�၊ ရ� ရ� ၊ ႏ+ဗ���သ����႔ပဝငင"ငဘည�။

Great Power

Greate Power အဆငင�!ႏ)�ငရ1 >ႏရကU ငင�>ႏႏ+ခရ�>ႏ�သငင��မဖစ"ငဘည�။- အ အအအအအအ အအ အအအအ အအအအအအအ အအအအအအ အအအအအအ အ အအအ အအအ အအအအအအအအအ အဩ>စ�လ၊ဘရဇ9၊>ကနဒ၊ဂမန9၊ဂပန �၊အ�ၵယစ၊အ9�လ9၊မကmဆ9က��၊ >ႏ

အအအအအ အအ အအအ အအအအအအအအအအအအ အအ အ အ အ အအအအအအအ အအအအအအ အ အ အအအ�ငဘငင)�ငဘ1ရ9ယစ၊စပ�န �စသည�ႏ� ငင��မသည�ဤအဆငင�ခြ!ႏ:ငရငငP�>ႏ�နၾကသည�။- အအအအအအ အအအအ အအအအအအအအအအအ အအအအအအ>ႏဒသဆ��ငငP အခြျဖ6႕အစည�မဖစ�>ႏသ>ဥရပသမဂ၊အ��ပက�ငင�ႏ�အဆ9ယစ�

အအအအအအအအအအအအအအ အ အ အအအ ���႔သညသnည� အခြျဖ6႕အစည�အလ��က� >ႏဒသဆ��ငငPပဝက��ယစ'9က��ပ�� ငဘငငY�cငဘငငoၾကသည�။

Paradigm

From Bipolar to Uni-polar From Uni-polar to Multipolar

Rising multipolarity has been associated with three main Trends,1) Decline of USA

2) Rise of China & Other ‘emerging powers’

3) Changing nature of power & power relations.

State POWER Summary

1) Super PowerI. USA & USSR (in cold war period)

2) Great Power1) Britain, France, China, Israel, Russia

3) Regional Power India, Pakistan, Syria, Iraq, Germany, Japan

Political Behavior

• Agitate• Deliberate• Educate

Output

• Activist • Politician• Statesman

2 Human, 2 Thinking

Prescriptive Person

Normative Thinking

Pragmatic Thinking

Descriptive Person

Art

Science

Political Animal

• Conservative• Liberal• Radical

Left Right

Two Main Approaches in GP

Realist ApproachI. Base on Realism

II. Pragmatic

III. Interest

IV. Security (Real politics) – aggressive, rigid

Liberalist ApproachA. Base on Liberalism – Cooperation & interdependence

B. Norm base

C. Value base – flexibility, liberal.

အအ အအအအအ အအအအ အအအအအအအအအအအမငင�ဘသဘယစU �1ပ6လ�!ပUငရ1ပ�၊ >ႏနကY �ႏ�မ�ငငဒ9>အႏ+ဖက��လ��ခငင:ယစ�။

HDI & GNP

Those countries ranking

high in HDI group

Also high GNP Per Capital

Development Index

Human Development Index

Three basic components

of Human Developmen

t

Longevity

Knowledge

Standard of Living

Main Actor in Global Politics

State Centrism

State center approach

an approach to political analysis that takes the state to be the key actor in the

domestic realm and on the world stage.

increase Non-state Actors after WWII periods.

Interaction among State

• Conflict & Cooperation

International Conflict Type1. Territorial Disputes နယစ�>ႏႏ+မအ+ငင

ငင�ခြပမ2. Control of Government အစ��ရ၏ထ�န �ခ�ပ43. Economic Conflict စ9ခြပရပဋ�ပကၡမ4. Ethnic Conflict လ=မ��စ�ပဋ�ပကၡ

မ5. Religious Conflict ဘသရပဋ�ပကၡ

မ6. Ideological Conflict ဝ>ဒရပဋ�ပကၡ

မ

Economic Conflicts

• Trade• Money• Natural Resources• Drug Trafficking• Human Trafficking• Migration• Economic

Transactions

Territorial Disputes

• Secession• Territorial

Waters• Airspaces

နယစ�>ႏႏ+မအ+ငငငင�ခြပ အအအအအအအ အအအအ အအအ မ၏ဥပမကငင�ၾက9

ႏ+ဖစIသည�။

South China Sea Territorial Dispute

Ideological Conflict

အအအအအအယစဥ�>ႏကမ�လ�န �>ႏရပ��စ�

သ

မၼ�

ၾက

9အ�ပC ငင� >ႏနသည

� ။

Globalization

Economic Aspect

• Labor Intensive• Opportunities to Natural Resource• Easy to Transport• Job Opportunities for Fail State• More Choice to Products & Service• Distribute to information at Whole of World

Global Security

Security

to be safe from harm absence of threats

National Security International Security Global Security Human Security

For Peaceful

having two Views include four approaches

A. Realist View1) Arm Control

2) Collective Security

B. Liberal View3) Balance of Power (BOP)

4) Deterrence

Global Word Globality:

A totally interconnected whole, such as the global economy; the end state of globalization.

Globalism:

An ideological project committed to the spread of globalization, usually reflecting support for the values and theories of free-market capitalism.